Endaruta

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Endaruta (translation and language of the name are unknown) was the mayor of Achshaph (ancient city that has not yet been located with certainty, but is probably located in the north of Canaan ; the city is also mentioned in the Bible) in the Amarna- Period around 1350 BC He is known from various Amarna letters . The so-called Amarna letters are the international correspondence of the rulers in the Middle East, which was addressed to the Egyptian royal court. The letters are written on clay tablets in cuneiform in Akkadian . Akkadian was the international language of the time. The letters were found by chance at the end of the 19th century in Amarna , which was the capital of Egypt at the time in question , and were given their name because of the place where they were found. In the letters, the Levant is portrayed as a region torn by small feuds. The various city princes ask the Egyptian king for assistance. Since the letters are not dated, it is difficult to put the events in a coherent sequence.

Endaruta was the sender of a letter to the Egyptian king. The letter EA 223 (modern numbering, EA stands for El-Amarna) is short and begins with the address to the Egyptian ruler, in which Endaruta shows himself to be extremely submissive: I throw myself at the feet of the king, sir, seven times and seven times . Endaruta was obviously a vassal, equal rulers referred to each other as a brother . The actual message in the letter is very brief and just tells the Egyptian ruler that Endaruta will do whatever the ruler orders. The name Endaruta has been partially destroyed, which leaves the possibility open that it can be reconstructed differently and that another person is meant.

Letter EA 367 comes from the Egyptian king and is addressed to Endaruta. The king urges Endaruta to protect the place that has been entrusted to him. He also sends a stable master named Channi for Endaruta to listen to.

Endaruta is mentioned in another letter. Letter EA 366 is from Šuwardata, perhaps the mayor of Qiltu. In the letter he reports of the war against the Apiru and that all allies have left him, only Endaruta and Surata , rulers of Akka , would come to his aid.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The letter is now in the Vorderasiatisches Museum in Berlin, inventory number 1870.
  2. ^ William L. Moran: The Amarna Letters. The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore / London 1992, ISBN 0-8018-4251-4 , p. 347.
  3. ^ WL Moran: The Amarna Letters. Baltimore / London 1992, p. 365.
  4. ^ WL Moran: The Amarna Letters. Baltimore / London 1992, p. 364.
personal data
SURNAME Endaruta
BRIEF DESCRIPTION ancient city prince of Achshaph
DATE OF BIRTH 14th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 14th century BC Chr.