Foreign dictionary

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Foreign dictionaries (sometimes also called foreign vocabulary lexicons ) open up that part of the vocabulary of a language that originally comes from another language and has not emerged exclusively from the history of one's own language. As a rule, no distinction is made between foreign and loan words . Foreign dictionaries make parts of the vocabulary accessible to their users that either have not found their way into the general alphabetical dictionaries of a language or are at least provided with less information. In a good foreign dictionary you can find information about the pronunciation , spelling , grammar , meaning and origin of the words, occasionally also about the dating of the adoption of a foreign language into your own.

Like the general dictionaries, the foreign dictionaries are also concentrated on the current vocabulary, which traditionally extends from the period of classical literature to the present day, i.e. from around the last third of the 18th century. A gap in foreign dictionary spelling as well as in general dictionaries is the dating of the acquisitions. This gap has recently been increasingly closed by etymological dictionaries with their newer editions, but only in the relatively small keyword range of up to approx. 20,000 words that they offer. In contrast, Duden has. The large foreign dictionary (2007) 85,000 keywords.

Other sources

Further sources for developing the foreign vocabulary of the language are the many dictionaries that are devoted to the specialist vocabulary of a profession, subject or a scientific discipline. In addition, there are dictionaries that focus specifically on the vocabulary that has been taken over from a very specific language. Furthermore, one can refer to such works that contain suggestions as to which native word can be used to replace a certain foreign word. The opposite direction can also be found, namely that suggestions for foreign words are given as a substitute for native vocabulary.

Literature on German

Foreign dictionaries

• German Foreign Dictionary (1913–1988). Justified v. Hans Schulz, continued by Otto Basler, continued at the Institute for the German Language. Vol. 1-7. (Strasbourg) Berlin / New York: de Gruyter.
• German Foreign Dictionary (1995ff.). Justified v. Hans Schulz, continued by Otto Basler, 2nd edition, completely revised in the Institute for the German Language. Vol. 1ff. Berlin / New York: de Gruyter.
• Duden. Foreign dictionary. 8th, revised and expanded edition. Dudenverlag: Mannheim / Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 2005. ISBN 3-411-04058-0
• Duden. The big foreign dictionary. Origin and meaning of the foreign words. 4th updated edition. Dudenverlag: Mannheim / Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 2007. ISBN 978-3-411-04164-0
• Alan Kirkness (Ed.): German Foreign Dictionary (1913–1988) . Justified v. Hans Schulz, continued by Otto Basler, continued at the Institute for the German Language. Vol. 7: List of sources, word index, epilogue. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1988.

Etymological dictionaries

• Duden. Origin dictionary. Etymology of the German language. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Dudenverlag: Mannheim / Leipzig / Vienna / Zurich 2001 (date of foreword). ISBN 3-411-04073-4
• Smart. Etymological dictionary of the German language. Edited by Elmar Seebold. 24th, revised and expanded edition. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2002. ISBN 3-11-017472-3
• Wolfgang Pfeifer (Head): Etymological Dictionary of German. Unabridged, revised edition. Deutscher Taschenbuch Verlag, Munich 1995. ISBN 3-05-000626-9

literature

• Anke Heier: German foreign word lexicography between 1800 and 2007: On the metalinguistic and lexicographical treatment of external loan assets in language contact dictionaries of German . Berlin: De Gruyter, 2012 ISBN 9783110282672

Web links

Wiktionary: Foreign dictionary  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Wikisource: Foreign dictionaries  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ZB: Broder Carstensen & Ulrich Busse: Anglicisms Dictionary. The influence of English on German vocabulary after 1945. 3 vol. Founded by Broder Carstensen, continued by Ulrich Busse. de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1993–96; Rudolf Telling: French in German vocabulary: loan and foreign words from 8 centuries. Volk u. Knowledge, Berlin 1987.
2. ↑ ZB: Duden. The big foreign dictionary. 2007, pp. 1451-1548