GANEFO

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A multi-sport event held in 1963 and 1966 was called GANEFO ( Games of the New Emerging Forces , German: " Games of the New Emerging Forces ").

history

The Games were intended to be the opposite of the Olympic Games . The background to this was the scandal surrounding the participation of Israel and Taiwan in the Asian Games in 1962 . The athletes from Israel and Taiwan were not granted entry permits by the regime of President Achmed Sukarno . The protest of the Indian IOC member Guru Dutt Sondhi was unsuccessful. On the initiative of Guru Dutt Sondhi, Indonesia was subsequently excluded from the IOC . In the following year, Indonesia started GANEFO, which was supposed to form a replacement Olympiad. Indonesia could not take part in the 1964 Summer Olympics .

The Games took place in Jakarta in 1963 and in Phnom Penh in 1966 . The Chinese Cultural Revolution prevented a third event in 1969. 51 nations with around 2,700 athletes from all continents took part in the first Ganefo. The IOC said that athletes who took part in these games would be banned from the next Olympics. The Soviet Union therefore sent a "B-Team", the GDR started in non-Olympic sports such as badminton and tennis.

Around 2,000 athletes from 17 Asian countries took part in the second Ganefo in Phnom Penh. For the soccer tournament, a qualifying tournament was held in Pyongyang in August 1965 . With Guinea, an African team also took part. However, since they missed the qualification, a purely Asian field remained.

Venues

literature

  • Lutan, Rusli / Hong, Fan: The politicization of sport: GANEFO - A case study, in: Sport in Society 8 (2005), pp. 425–439.
  • Pauker, Ewa T .: GANEFO I: Sports and Politics in Djacarta, in: Asian Survey 5 (1965), pp. 171-185.
  • Huebner, Stefan: Pan-Asian Sports and the Emergence of Modern Asia, 1913–1974. NUS Press, Singapore, 2016, Chapters 6-7.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Putsch against Olympia's competition; in: TAZ of November 21, 2019
  2. ↑ Rolf von der Laage: The Chinese come, see and learn. Die Zeit , January 7, 1972, accessed on November 23, 2009 .