Whole word method
The whole word method is a method of learning to read .
method
It is a special form of a holistic, analytical approach, in contrast to the synthetic approach of the spelling or phoning method. The perception theory of the Gestalt theory provides a theoretical basis for the whole-word method.
history
Holistic reading-learning methods were developed in the first half of the 19th century , but only found widespread use in the second third of the 20th century . The deaf teacher Carl Malisch developed the whole-word method for his "Primer for the first literary reading lesson " published in 1909 in view of the children who grew up mostly bilingual in Silesia and therefore had difficulties in learning to read . In his book The First Reading and Writing Lessons , he writes:
- In order to make it as easy as possible for the children to move from the formal painting schemes to the informal word images, we write the corresponding names into some of the painting schemes that are familiar and familiar to the children from the preliminary stages. If you have made ... word pictures ... and their replica more familiar, you remove the word pictures one after the other from the painterly ornament and let the bare words read and write.
After a fierce methodological dispute and many, often contradicting studies, the majority of the time now advocated an integrated method that starts with individual letters, but very soon combines them to form the first words.
Sight words
see also: Sight word
A variant of the whole-word method, which is mainly used in the English-speaking world, is the systematic study of so-called " sight words ": a repertoire of 100 to 220 particularly frequently occurring words that the student does not use voices but should be recognized at a glance. This method is particularly used for words that are difficult to write so that phoning them out does not help the student (e.g. friend , aunt , should ). In addition, the first reading lesson in the English-speaking area is based on the phonetic method, just like in German.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.gew-rheiderland.homepage.t-online.de/lese.html
- ^ Erwin Schwarz: The Reading Lessons , Westermann Verlag, 1971 page 91
- ↑ High-Frequency Sight Words ( Memento of the original from September 5, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
