Comrades dish

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The comrades' court ( Russian Товарищеский суд , also comradeship court or cooperative court ) was a kind of collective jurisdiction in the Soviet Union . There were comparable institutions in many other socialist countries, for example in the GDR with the social courts .

History and functioning

In less severe cases, cooperative courts were the lowest level of the general judiciary . It was their task to collectively punish minor administrative offenses and offenses , to promote the socialist way of life and "to solve conflicts among the people" without having to resort to an overly bureaucratic and ultimately justice-preventing jurisdiction in the eyes of socialist legislation. In the decree of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR on the adoption of the law on courts comrades from the year 1977 ( Russian Указ Президиума Верховного Совета РСФСР об утверждении Положения о товарищеских судах ) states, inter alia:

“(...) The cooperative courts are elected state organs that ensure that the communist awareness raising of the citizens, respectful handling of socialist property, following the guidelines of the socialist society, the development of a collectivist awareness and cooperative behavior and respect to ensure the dignity and honor of the Soviet people. (...) "

- Article 1 ibid.

Such cooperative courts were usually set up across the board in factories, kolkhozes , schools and the like and thus resembled the arbitration commissions common in non-socialist countries . The members or “judges” of a cooperative court were elected in the Soviet Union by the members of the workers' organizations for two years. There, comrades' courts could impose fines of up to 50 rubles (about 64% of the Soviet population earned between 75 and 200 rubles a month in 1980, a further 26% less than 75 rubles) or refer the case to the next instance. Normally, however, a cooperative court reacted to offenses with “cooperative warnings”, public reprimand or demand for a public apology. The elections to comrades 'courts were suspended after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the comrades' courts in general were not re-included in the legal text of the new Russian Criminal Code of 1997, which consequently was abolished.

See also

literature

  • EI Filippow, Комментарий к Положению о товарищеских судах . Moscow, 1972. (Russian)
  • Товарищеские суды . Moscow, 1974. (Russian)
  • Marc Elie, The Comradeship Courts in the Soviet Union, 1958-1964 . Tübingen, 2002.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ukas of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR on the Adoption of the Law on Co-operative Courts (Russian)
  2. ↑ Alexeew, Michael. (1993) Income Distribution in the USSR in the 1980s. in: Review of Income and Wealth, Series 39, Number 1, March 1993. p. 24.
  3. ↑ Elie (2002), p. 58