Groundwater level

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Longitudinal section through a groundwater system. Light blue: surface water, dark blue: water-filled aquifer, olive green: water-unsaturated aquifer, dark brown: aquifer. There are three groundwater levels in the center of the picture. The first (i.e. topmost) is a floating aquifer. The lowest of the floors counts as just one floor, as the groundwater-bearing layer is not completely cut through by a groundwater non-conductor.

As aquifer (English ground water storey ) is referred to in the Hydrogeologie a basic water-bearing layer, which is above or below another aquifers and is separated from these by impermeable or very poorly permeable rock strata. Different groundwater levels often behave differently hydraulically. For the sake of clarity, groundwater levels are numbered consecutively from top to bottom according to their vertical arrangement. The aquifer closest to the surface of the earth is thus the first aquifer, the one directly below the first aquifer is the second aquifer, and so on.

If groundwater flows from one groundwater storey into another groundwater storey, it is referred to as a groundwater overflow . A special case of groundwater overflow is so-called leakage (according to DIN 4049-3), for which the English term leakage is often used. A leakage is a large area of ​​groundwater overflowing through a groundwater inhibitor.

So-called floating groundwater layers are a special case of groundwater levels . They arise through locally limited groundwater guides and are therefore only of limited spatial extent. It can happen that they only carry water after heavy rainfall. Hydrogeological terms relating to floating aquifers are given the prefix floating- . One speaks of "floating groundwater", "floating aquifer" etc. For a clearer demarcation from the floating aquifer, the lower-lying, non-floating aquifer is then also referred to as the main aquifer .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Volker Schweizer: Dictionary of Geology . German – English, English – German. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2012, ISBN 978-3-8274-1825-8 , pp. 125 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-8274-2262-0 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Bernward Hölting, Wilhelm Georg Coldewey: Hydrogeology . Introduction to General and Applied Hydrogeology. 8th edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-8274-2353-5 , pp. 11 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-8274-2354-2 .
  3. ^ Bernward Hölting, Wilhelm Georg Coldewey: Hydrogeology . Introduction to General and Applied Hydrogeology. 8th edition. Springer-Verlag, Berlin / Heidelberg 2013, ISBN 978-3-8274-2353-5 , pp. 34 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-8274-2354-2 .