High school reform 1849
In 1849 the “Ministry for Cultus and Teaching” replaced the previous study court commission in the Austrian Empire . With this reform and the appointment Leo Graf Thun-Hohenstein's starting to Minister (until 1860) reorganization results in the 1854 definitely implemented "draft organization of high schools and junior high schools in Austria", which primarily by Hermann Bonitz and Franz Serafin Exner had been worked out . With this grammar school reform, the foundations for today's organization of the grammar school in Austria were laid.
So the two philosophical classes, which had previously existed in the schools mainly run by religious orders, were taken over. There was a subdivision into eight classes, four each in lower and upper grades. The curriculum aimed at imparting general education from the linguistic-historical and mathematical-scientific fields. For this purpose, university-certified specialist teachers were hired. Finally, the Matura examination, now the maturity examination , was introduced at the end of the eighth grade in order to standardize university access. The office of a class head was also created. In order to move up to a higher class, it was necessary to pass the “transfer test” at the end of the year.
- compulsory subjects:
- Religion, Latin, Greek, mother tongue, geography, history, mathematics, natural history, physics and philosophical propaedeutics.
- free items:
- other national languages, other living foreign languages, calligraphy, shorthand, drawing, singing and gymnastics.
This organizational structure has remained up to this day with minor changes and adjustments.
literature
- H. Bonitz, FS Exner: Organizational draft for Austrian grammar schools and secondary schools. Vienna 1849.
swell
- Bundesgymnasium and 1st Bundesrealgymnasium in Innsbruck, commemorative publication for the 400th anniversary of the Innsbruck high school, 1962.