Hán Nôm
Hán Nôm ( 漢 喃 ) is a Vietnamese name for the two languages of ancient Vietnam. Hán stands for the Chinese language and the Chinese writing. It consists of the traditional Chinese characters , called Chữ Hán ( 字 漢 ) there. Nôm stands for the Nôm script , the traditional indigenous writing system of Vietnam , and its own characters created for Vietnamese, the Chữ Nôm ( 字 喃 ).
In the twentieth century, the Nôm script was largely replaced by a Latin script with diacritical marks , commonly known as Quốc ngữ ( 國語 ).
However, there are efforts to revive Nôm. The Nôm texts have been increasingly digitized in recent years. Nôm texts can be typed in Quốc Ngữ using certain input programs based on their pronunciation.