Heinrich Wilhelm Brutzer

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Heinrich Wilhelm Brutzer (born November 2, 1795 in Riga , † June 5, 1872 in Cannstatt ) was a native of Livonia and worked for a large part of his life as a commercial teacher in the service of Württemberg . In recognition of his achievements, he was awarded the Knight's Cross by the King of Württemberg at the age of 73.

Life

Heinrich Brutzer grew up as a German Baltic in the Russian Livonia, now part of Latvia, and was the second son of the merchant Christian Eberhard Brutzer (probably 1756-1808). He began to work in the flax seed trade in the trading house of the Danish consul in Riga in 1812 and stayed there for 12 years.

In 1824 Heinrich Brutzer decided to change his career and studied theology for two semesters in Tübingen, then philosophy and history of the natural sciences. There he met the student Ludwig Bauer (1803–1846), who introduced him to the circle of friends of fellow student Eduard Mörike (1804–1875). In October 1826 Brutzer enrolled for a semester in Berlin to study philosophy and went back to Riga at the end of March 1827.

In autumn 1831 he was offered a position at his boarding high school in Birkenruh (Bērzaine) near Wenden (Livonia) by his friend Albert Hollander (1796–1868), who also came from Riga . Brutzer taught modern languages, history, geography and arithmetic there.

In the summer of 1832, at the request of his college friend Ludwig Bauer, he switched to teaching French and English at Friedrich Wilhelm Klumpp's (1790–1868) educational institution in the Swabian town of Stetten (Remstal). In the spring of 1835, however, Brutzer left the school in protest against two new colleagues and became an interpreter for Russian in the service of Württemberg. Later Brutzer was a private tutor in Calw.

With the reorganization of the Stuttgart trade school in the spring of 1838, the desire arose for “lessons in the knowledge required for the educated businessman”. Brutzer had probably found out about the Mörike circle of friends and made contact with the director of studies, Prelate von Flatt (1772–1843), who led the negotiations on this matter. As a result, Heinrich Brutzer was entrusted with the teaching position for special commercial subjects in the second of a total of four annual courses on November 2, 1838, initially only provisionally and with a part-time teacher salary. The range of subjects covered commercial and business law along with bills of exchange, commercial bookkeeping, commercial studies and correspondence in German, English and French, commercial merchandise and commercial arithmetic with coin, measure and weight. In addition, Brutzer gave private lessons for commercial apprentices in the morning.

Despite the small number of students, there was never any doubt about Brutzer's suitability as a teacher. Rather, the low frequency was attributed to the fact that the fathers often viewed school only as an interim job for their sons until they were accepted into an office. Brutzer suggested changes several times, with a central theme being the separation of the training of commercial apprentices and commercial students. In the meantime, an independent department for commercial lessons was thought of at the Stuttgart trade school. However, this never came about, instead the trade school was renamed the Polytechnic School on January 2, 1840, and pupils aged 14 and over were now offered a four-year training course in four professional groups - including merchants and booksellers who were dedicated to the trade. In the course of this change, the commercial subjects were expanded to include the subjects of commercial history and commercial geography, whereby the specific commercial lessons were essentially limited to the second year course; only in the last course there was a lecture on economics. In June 1840 Brutzer got his job with a corresponding salary adjustment. He remained a secondary teacher, but he was allowed to use the title of professor.

In March 1845 the next organizational change took place at the Stuttgart Polytechnic. Now the first annual course has been moved to the Realschule, which in the course of this has been upgraded to the Oberrealschule. At this secondary school there were two classes from September 1845, a preparatory course for the polytechnic school and a trade class that took professional and working life into account and offered 6 voluntary weekly hours in commercial science. Brutzer took these lessons in addition to his lessons at the polytechnic school. In addition, from the end of December 1845 he volunteered as a librarian, an activity that he pursued with passion and a great deal of work.

After the commercial class at the Oberrealschule had already been split up into the two departments “Military, Foresters and Technicians” and “Merchants” in 1849, the introduction of a commercial advanced training school, which Brutzer had long called for, followed in October 1854. Here commercial apprentices received lessons in the subjects of commercial arithmetic, bookkeeping, German essays for businesspeople, French for businesspeople, English for businesspeople and English and French correspondence for businesspeople, and the lessons, adapted to the working hours of the apprentices, took place early in the morning and in the morning held late in the evening. Brutzer took over the lessons at the commercial college and renounced the lessons at the upper secondary school, which from now on was reduced to three hours of commercial arithmetic.

After almost 24 years at the Polytechnic School in Stuttgart or its predecessor institution, the trade school, Brutzer's position was finally upgraded to a main teaching position in April 1862. Seven years later, Brutzer fell ill and in autumn 1869, at the age of 73, asked for his retirement due to his age and poor health. The commercial class was then dissolved and Brutzer's main apprenticeship for commercial subjects converted into a position for literary studies. Brutzer retired on September 30, 1869 and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of Frederick by the King of Württemberg in recognition of his performance . After two and a half years in retirement, he died on June 5, 1872 in Cannstatt near Stuttgart.

Works

Publications in the library of all commercial studies series:

  • General commercial correspondence in six languages , 1861
  • Special commercial correspondence in six languages , 1863
  • Dictionary of commercial and business languages , 1867

Publications as co-editor:

  • Ludwig Bauer's writings. After his death in a selection published by his friends . Stuttgart, 1847.

literature

  • Senta Braun: Heinrich Wilhelm Brutzer (1795 - 1872) - a forgotten commercial teacher at the Stuttgart Polytechnic . In: Klaus Friedrich Pott: Professional biographies of commercial school teachers of the 19th century or building blocks of an overdue history of commercial full-time schools of the 19th century . Eusl-Verlagsgesellschaft, Detmold, 2015. ISBN 978-3-940625-52-6 .

swell

  • State Archives Ludwigsburg, E 202 Bü 893 and E 202, Bü 838.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See registration book of the University of Tübingen ( http://www.ub-archiv.uni-tuebingen.de/w604/w604t222.htm#nn5410 )
  2. ↑ Details on Ludwig Bauer and the Mörike Circle of Friends can be found in Ludwig Bauer's writings. After his death in a selection published by his friends , Stuttgart, 1847.
  3. ^ Bahl, Peter: The register of the Friedrich Wilhelm University Berlin 1810-1850 , Volume 1, 2010, p. 331.
  4. ↑ On Albert Hollander and his school see Zigmunde, Alīda: The ideas of Friedrich Ludwig Jahn in Lettland. In: Krūze, Aīda; Mortag, Iris; Schulz, Dieter: Globalization of the economy - internationalization of teacher training. , Leipzig, 2006, pp. 191–199.
  5. ↑ The private educational establishment in Stetten was a liberal and family-run boarding school and a kind of forerunner of the later Realgymnasium and the later reform school. For more information, see Grotz: History of the educational and teaching institution in Stetten i. R. 1831-1952. In: Program of the Karls-Gymnasium in Stuttgart at the end of the school year 1907-1908 , Stuttgart, 1908, pp. 1–36.
  6. ↑ For the history of commercial teaching at the Stuttgart Trade School and its successor to the Polytechnic School, see Görlich, Harald: Die Handelsschulen in Stuttgart: Prehistory, establishment and expansion of the commercial school system in Württemberg from 1770 to 1945 , Stuttgart, 1991. The quote can be found there , P. 71.
  7. ↑ Documents on Brutzer's activities in Stuttgart can be found in the Ludwigsburg State Archives in files E 202, Bü 893 and E 202, Bü 838.
  8. ↑ A transcription of the detailed “Contributions to a Curriculum for Business Lessons” written together with colleague and friend Johannes Mährlen (1803–1871) can be found in Pott, Klaus Friedrich: Career biographies of business school teachers of the 19th century or building blocks of an overdue history of business Nineteenth-century full-time schools, pp. 255–267.
  9. ↑ On Brutzer's activity as a librarian see Gehring, Paul: “Die Bibliothek der Technische Hochschule Stuttgart 1962”, Stuttgart, 1962.
personal data
SURNAME Brutzer, Heinrich Wilhelm
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Commercial teacher in the service of Württemberg
DATE OF BIRTH November 2, 1795
PLACE OF BIRTH Riga
DATE OF DEATH June 5, 1872
Place of death Cannstatt