1872
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Calendar overview 1872
Map with all linked pages: | 1872 | |
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| 1872 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 1320/21 (July turn of the year) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1864/65 (10/11 September) |
| Baha'i calendar | 28/29 (20/21 March) |
| Bengali solar calendar | 1277/78 (beginning of the year April 14 or 15) |
| Buddhist calendar | 2415/16 (Southern Buddhism); 2414/15 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 76th (77th) cycle
Year of the Water Monkey 壬申 ( at the beginning of the year Metal Sheep 辛未) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 1234/35 (April turn of the year) |
| Dangun era (Korea) | 4205/06 (October 2nd/3rd) |
| Iranian calendar | 1250/51 (around March 21) |
| Islamic calendar | 1288/89 (March 10/11) |
| Japanese calendar | Meiji 5 ( 明治5年) (from February 9th) |
| Jewish calendar | 5632/33 (October 2nd/3rd) |
| Coptic calendar | 1588/89 (10/11 September) |
| Malayalam calendar | 1047/48 |
| Rumi Calendar (Ottoman Empire) | 1287/88 (March 1) |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 2182/83 (April turn of the year)
Syria: 2183/84 (October turn of the year) |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese calendar) | 1928/29 (April) |
events
politics and world affairs
Deutsches Reich
- January 1st: The criminal law for all German federal states comes into force.
- January 1: The North German Measures and Weights Ordinance comes into force. This introduces the metric system in the German Empire; local and regional weights and measures are falling out of use.
- March 11: The Prussian School Supervision Act , which was enacted by Minister of Education Adalbert Falk at the instigation of Otto von Bismarck , abolishes church school inspection in the Kingdom of Prussia and places all schools under state supervision.
- March 11: The treason trial against August Bebel and Wilhelm Liebknecht begins in front of the jury in Leipzig because they had put forward a peace proposal in the Reichstag debate in 1870 about the granting of further funds for the Franco-Prussian War .
- July 4: The Jesuit Law bans establishments of the Jesuit Order throughout the German Empire .
- November 21: Otto von Bismarck is relieved of his position as Prime Minister of Prussia for health reasons . His request to be released is denied.
Switzerland
- 1 January: Emil Welti becomes President of Switzerland for the second time .
- May 12: In a referendum, the total revision of the federal constitution fails due to resistance from Catholic conservatives and federalists.
- September 18: Due to the death of his brother Charles XV. Oscar II becomes king of Sweden and Norway .
United States of America
- May 10: Women's rights activist Victoria Woodhull is proposed as the first woman for the office of US President . Her opponents then reviled the candidate as Mrs. Satan .
- November 5: 1872 United States presidential election: Incumbent President Ulysses S. Grant defeats his challenger, Horace Greeley , with 56 percent of the vote .
- December 9: Pinckney Benton Stewart Pinchback reigns as the new governor of the US state of Louisiana . He is the first African American governor in the United States .
business
patents
- March 5: George Westinghouse is granted a patent in the USA for the air brake he has developed for railroad operations.
- April 9: Samuel R. Percy is granted a United States patent for a process for making powdered milk .
- John G. Taylor receives the first patent on a roller coaster .
start-ups
- The daily newspaper The Boston Globe is founded. The first issue will appear on March 4th.
- March 24: The first issue of the Illustrated Wiener Extrablatt , which was published until 1928 and was at one time one of the highest-circulation Austrian newspapers, appears in Vienna.
- July 1: The Life Insurance Institution for the Army and Navy is opened.
- September 12th/4th October: Belgian Georges Nagelmackers founds Georges Nagelmackers et Compagnie – Compagnie Internationale de Wagons-Lits in Liège .
- October 31st: The pharmaceutical company Engelhard Arzneimittel is founded by the pharmacist Karl Philipp Engelhard in Frankfurt am Main.
- November 12: The Dresdner Bank is founded by converting the Kaskel Bank, founded in 1771, into a public limited company in Dresden .
- The Italian company Pirelli (tyre manufacture) is founded.
Others
- January 4: A decree by the German Postmaster General Heinrich von Stephan encourages the establishment of savings and advance payment associations for postal officials (predecessors of the PSD banks ).
- February 23: The Mauser Model 71 rifle, produced in the Royal Württemberg Rifle Factory in Oberndorf am Neckar , is introduced as the first German Reich rifle.
- May 19: History of the Frankfurt am Main tram : In Frankfurt am Main , the horse -drawn tram set up by the Frankfurt tram company begins operations.
- September 26: The travel agency Thomas Cook and Son has organized the first world tour , which will end 222 days later with the return of the participants.
- October 19: A gold nugget is discovered in New South Wales by prospectors Beyers and Holtermann in the Star of Hope mine . Holtermann's nugget weighs 214.32 kg and is the world's largest nugget of gold found to date.
- A Reich law orders the closure of all casinos in the Reich.
science and technology
Scientific Expeditions
- July: The Austro-Hungarian North Pole Expedition led by Carl Weyprecht and Julius Payer on the sailing ship S/X Admiral Tegetthoff begins.
- December 21: The Challenger Expedition , organized by William Benjamin Carpenter , begins. The British corvette HMS Challenger under Captain George Nares leaves Portsmouth for Portugal. The scientists Charles Wyville Thomson and John Murray are on board, among others .
natural sciences
- November 26: The first edition of Charles Darwin 's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals is published .
technology
- August 22: The Trans-Australian Telegraph Line from Port Augusta on the south of the continent to Darwin on the north coast is completed.
- December 31: With the Albert Bridge , London opens a connection between the two boroughs of Chelsea and Battersea across the Thames .
- Photographer Eadweard Muybridge , at the request of Leland Stanford (railway tycoon and California governor), proves that horses have all four legs in the air during the trot . Muybridge thus established modern series photography .
- The experimental Aldershot Narrow Gauge Suspension Railway is built and demolished after a number of successful experiments.
Teaching and Research
- October 12: The Toledo University of Arts and Trades , predecessor to the University of Toledo , is founded.
- The University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna is founded. The opening will take place on October 15th.
- December 26: The Hydrographic Institute of the Italian Navy is founded in Genoa .
- Foundation of the University of Cluj : the later " University of Sciences Szeged "
Culture
Visual arts
- February 20: The Metropolitan Museum of Art opens in New York.
- Claude Monet paints the picture Impression, soleil levant , which gives Impressionism its name.
- Édouard Manet paints Berthe Morisot with a bouquet of violets in oil on canvas . Depicted is the painter Berthe Morisot , a friend of Manet 's who has been his favorite model since 1868. Using the picture as a template, Manet also creates an etching and two lithographs in which he varies the motif.
- Opening of the Kunsthalle Basel
- Opening of the Albert Memorial in London , designed by Sir George Gilbert Scott
literature
- Karl Marx 's Capital is translated into Russian.
- On the occasion of Franz Grillparzer 's 80th birthday, Katharina Fröhlich donates the Franz Grillparzer Prize .
- The Princess and the Leprechaun
- Wilhelm Busch publishes the picture story Bilder zur Jobsiade .
music and theatre
- January 15: The premiere of the comic opera Le roi Carotte by Jacques Offenbach with a libretto by Victorien Sardou based on the fairy tale Klein Zaches called Zinnober and the story The King's Bride by ETA Hoffmann takes place at the Théâtre de la Gaîté in Paris.
- January 18: The opera Fantasio – also by Jacques Offenbach – is premiered at the Opéra-Comique in Paris with a libretto by Paul de Musset and Charles Nuitter based on Alfred de Musset 's comedy of the same name . Immediately afterwards, Offenbach travels to Vienna to perform the premiere of the German version at the Theater an der Wien on February 21. Neither version is a success.
- May 22: The opera Djamileh by Georges Bizet to the libretto by Louis Gallet is premiered at the Opéra-Comique in Paris.
- May 22: Richard Wagner lays the cornerstone for the Bayreuth Festspielhaus .
- September 15: The Vienna City Theater , built by the architects Ferdinand Fellner the Elder and Ferdinand Fellner the Younger for a private company run by the journalist Max Friedländer and the playwright and director Heinrich Laube , opens with Schiller 's Demetrius in an adaptation of Laube.
- October 12: Ludwig Anzengruber 's play Die Kreuzelschreiber has its world premiere at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna. The music of the peasant comedy with singing comes from Adolf Müller senior .
- October 13: The Finnish National Theater is established in Pori .
- Trinity College of Music is founded.
nature and environment
- March 1: Establishment of the world 's first national park , Yellowstone National Park in the United States
- A cave train runs in the Postojna Caves for the first time .
religion
- The Kitab-i-Aqdas , the Most Holy Book of the Bahai , is written by Baha'u'llah .
disasters
- February 26: Tokyo's Ginza business district is completely destroyed in a major fire. Just six days later, the Japanese government decides to rebuild the area in the style of a European boulevard.
- March 26: Earthquake of unknown magnitude in Owens Valley , California , United States, killing 27
Photograph of the eruption by Giorgio Sommer from Naples
- April 26: Mount Vesuvius erupts , destroying the towns of Massa di Somma and San Sebastiano al Vesuvio , killing 20 unwary onlookers.
- April: Earthquake in Turkey , killing over 1,000
- November: In the night from November 12 to 13, the entire German Baltic Sea coast is hit by a severe storm flood, 271 dead (see Baltic Sea storm flood 1872 ).
- In the winter of 1872/1873, 17 Norwegian seal hunters die of lead poisoning after eating canned food in Svenskhuset on Spitsbergen .
Sports
- 16 March: The first football cup final kicks off in Great Britain . Wanderers FC win the FA Cup with a 1-0 win over the Royal Engineers .
- 30 November: The first international football match is played by Scotland and England in Glasgow and ends 0-0.
- The well-known game of badminton is introduced by the Duke of Beaufort for the first time at his country estate Badminton in England.
Born
January
- January 4: Karl Segebrock , German-Baltic missionary and evangelical martyr (died 1896)
- January 4: Edmund Rumpler , Austrian automobile and aircraft manufacturer (d. 1940)
- January 6: Franz Hoffmann , Austrian military bandmaster and composer (died 1946)
- January 6: Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin , Russian pianist and composer (died 1915)
- January 9: Emma Grolimund , Swiss writer and teacher (died 1944)
- January 9: Ivar Lykke , Norwegian Conservative politician (died 1949)
- January 10 Howard Chandler Christy , American painter (died 1952)
- January 10: Frederic Storck , Romanian sculptor (died 1942)
- January 11: Paul Graener , German composer (died 1944)
- January 12: Beatrice Langley , English violinist (died 1958)
- January 15: Arsen Borisovich Kozoyev , Soviet writer (died 1944)
- January 15: Hirakushi Denchū , Japanese sculptor of the Taishō and Shōwa periods († 1979)
- January 16: Henri Busser , French composer (died 1973)
- January 16: Edward Gordon Craig , English actor, director and theater theorist (d. 1966)
- January 18: Philippe Emmanuel d'Orléans , French nobleman (died 1931)
- January 18: Wilhelm Thiele , Prussian painter (died 1939)
- January 19 Heinrich Laufenberg , German historian, journalist and politician (died 1932)
- January 19: Rosina Storchio , Italian opera singer (died 1945)
- January 20: Harriet Straub , German doctor and writer (d. 1945)
- January 22: Nicholas of Greece , Greek prince (died 1938)
- January 23: Paul Langevin , French physicist (died 1946)
- January 23: Jože Plečnik , Slovenian architect (died 1957)
- January 24: John W. Harreld , American politician (d. 1950)
- January 24: Morris William Travers , English chemist (d. 1961)
- January 27 Lipót Aschner , Hungarian industrialist (died 1952)
- January 28 Otto Braun , German politician of the Weimar Republic (died 1955)
- January 31 Zane Gray , American writer (died 1939)
February
- February 2: Tomé José de Barros Queirós , Portuguese finance minister and prime minister (died 1925)
- February 8 – Theodor Lessing , German philosopher and publicist (died 1933)
- February 9: Karl Prinz , Austrian classics scholar (died 1945)
- February 11 Edward Johnston , British calligrapher, typographer and teacher (died 1944)
- February 12: Conrad Heese , German lawyer and judicial councilor (died 1945)
- February 12 Diedrich Speckmann , German writer (died 1938)
- February 17: Wilhelm Kaufmann , German artistic gymnast
- February 17: Alfred Schulte , Lord Mayor of Wiesbaden († 1957)
- February 18: Fernand Halphen , French composer (died 1917)
- February 20 Herbert Hadley , American politician (died 1927)
- February 21 William John Gies , American biochemist and dentist (d. 1956)
- February 27: Ellery Sedgwick , American writer (died 1960)
March
- March 2: Rudolf Helm , German classical scholar (died 1966)
- March 3: Wilhelm Ahrens , German mathematician and writer (died 1927)
- March 6: Johan Bojer , Norwegian writer (died 1959)
- March 6: Paul Juon , Russian composer (died 1940)
- March 7: Carl August Brückner , German founder of the Reformed Apostolic Church Federation († 1949)
- March 7: Piet Mondrian , Dutch painter (died 1944)
- March 7 Giuseppe Pometta , Swiss teacher and historian (died 1963)
- March 7: Vasily Andreyevich Solotaryov , Russian composer (died 1964)
- March 9: Tom Delahanty , American baseball player (d. 1951)
- March 10: Camillo Schumann , German late romantic composer (died 1946)
- March 10: Aron Solz , Russian jurist and revolutionary (died 1945)
- March 12: Ernst Hottenroth , German sculptor (died 1908)
- March 13: Josef Rosemeyer , German track cyclist, inventor and entrepreneur († 1919)
- March 14 William Emerson Brock , American politician (died 1950)
- March 18 Charles Laban Abernethy , American politician (died 1955)
- March 19: Siegmund Hellmann , German historian (died 1942)
- March 20: Bernhard Goldenberg , German engineer (died 1917)
- March 20: Bernhard Sekles , German composer and music teacher († 1934)
- March 22: Fritz Stüber-Gunther , Austrian writer (died 1922)
- March 24: Édouard Nanny , French double bass player and composer (d. 1942)
- March 26 – Émile Armand , French anarchist and author (died 1962)
- March 28: José Sanjurjo , Spanish general (died 1936)
- March 29: Alphonse Boog , French composer, educator and historian (d. 1949)
- March 30: Frederic Austin , English opera singer and composer (d. 1952)
- March 30: Sergei Vasilenko , Russian composer and conductor (died 1956)
- March 31: Sergei Diaghilev , Russian editor, art critic and curator (died 1929)
- March 31 Arthur Griffith , Irish politician (died 1922)
- March 31: Alexandra Kollontai , Russian revolutionary and diplomat (died 1952)
April
- April 1: Conrad Gröber , German bishop (died 1948)
- April 2: Ludwig Habich , German sculptor (died 1949)
- April 2: Alois Scheiwiler , Bishop of St. Gallen († 1938)
- April 3: William Hughes , American politician (died 1918)
- April 5: Hans Beschorner , German archivist and historian (died 1956)
- April 5: Emmy von Egidy , German sculptor and writer (d. 1946)
- April 7 Marie Equi , American women's rights activist and doctor (d. 1952)
- April 9: Léon Blum , French politician (died 1950)
- April 9: Emil Hagmann , German politician (died 1919)
- April 11: Asdreni , Albanian poet (died 1947)
- April 12: Georges Urbain , French chemist (died 1938)
- April 13 – Alexander Roda Roda , Austrian writer and publicist (died 1945)
- April 19: Alice Salomon , social reformer in the German women's movement († 1948)
- April 21 Billy Bitzer , American cinematographer (d. 1944)
- April 22: Kurt Klamroth , German entrepreneur (died 1947)
- April 23 Nathan P. Bryan , American politician (died 1935)
- April 23 Arthur Farwell , American composer (d. 1952)
- April 25: Albrecht Bethe , German physiologist (died 1954)
- April 29: Eyvind Alnæs , Norwegian composer (d. 1932)
May
- May 1: Hugo Alfvén , Swedish composer and conductor (died 1960)
- May 1: Sidónio Pais , Portuguese military and putschist, later President (died 1918)
- 3 May: Símun av Skarði , one of the founders of the Faroe Islands Folk High School (died 1942)
- May 5: Georges Grente , French clergyman, Bishop of Le Mans and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (died 1959)
- May 6: Cemal Pasha , Turkish general and politician (died 1922)
- May 6 Willem de Sitter , Dutch astronomer (died 1934)
- May 8: Friedrich Ludwig , German music historian (died 1930)
- May 10: Franz Johann Ludwig August Adenauer , German lawyer (died 1952)
- May 10 Marcel Mauss , French ethnologist (died 1950)
- May 11: Maximilian Bayer , German officer, boy scout (died 1917)
- May 12: Eduard "Ede" Telcs , Hungarian sculptor and medalist (died 1948)
- May 14: Marcel Renault , French automobile designer and racer (d. 1903)
- May 16 Bernhard Pankok , German architect and designer (died 1943)
- May 17: Peter Goessler , German archaeologist (died 1956)
- May 18: Bertrand Russell , British mathematician and philosopher (died 1970)
- May 20: Albert Steinrück , German actor (died 1929)
- May 21: Henri Jeannin , Franco-German racing driver and entrepreneur (d. 1973)
- May 23: Julio Acosta García , President of Costa Rica (d. 1954)
- May 26 – António Maria da Silva , Portuguese politician and multiple Prime Minister of Portugal († 1950)
- May 27: Fanny Moser , Swiss zoologist and parapsychologist († 1953)
- May 28 Otto Bahr Halvorsen , Norwegian jurist and Høyre Conservative politician (died 1923)
- May 31 Charles Greeley Abbot , American astrophysicist (d. 1973)
June
- June 3: Habibullah Khan , Emir of Afghanistan (died 1919)
- June 4 – William Willard Ashe , American botanist and forester (d. 1932)
- June 5: Cesare Galeotti , Italian composer, conductor and pianist (died 1929)
- June 6: Alix of Hesse-Darmstadt , wife of Tsar Nicholas II (d. 1918)
- June 7: Leonid Sobinov , Russian opera singer (died 1934)
- June 8 Francesco Morano , Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (died 1968)
- June 8: Wilhelm Ohnesorge , German politician and Post Minister (1937–1945) († 1962)
- June 10 - Guy Park , American politician (died 1946)
- June 10: Pedro Reszka , Chilean painter (died 1960)
- June 13: Hans Erlwein , German master builder (died 1914)
- June 13: Jan Szczepanik , Polish chemist and inventor (died 1926)
- June 16: Hermann Hiltl , officer of the Imperial and Royal Army and leader of the Front Fighter Association of German Austria († 1930)
- June 17: Bonaventura Cerretti , Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1933)
- June 17: Mieczysław Michałowicz , Polish violinist and music teacher (died after 1935)
- June 18: Matti Aikio , Norwegian poet (died 1929)
- June 19: Beatrix Farrand , American landscape architect (d. 1959)
- June 20: Hermann Bergengruen , German-Baltic theologian and Protestant martyr (died 1919)
- June 21: Mohammed Ali Shah , Shah of Persia (d. 1925)
- June 30 – Hugo Frederik Nierstrasz , Dutch zoologist (d. 1937)
July
- July 1: Louis Blériot , French aviation pioneer (d. 1936)
- July 4: Calvin Coolidge , American politician, 30th President of the USA (died 1933)
- July 4: Eugenie Schwarzwald , Austrian teacher (died 1940)
- July 4: Käthe Papke , German local writer († 1951)
- July 4: Adam David , Swiss African explorer and big game hunter (died 1959)
- July 8: Sasaki Nobutsuna , Japanese writer (died 1963)
- July 8: Heinrich Strieffler , German painter (died 1949)
- July 10 Jacques Bizet , French entrepreneur and writer (died 1922)
- July 12: Emil Hácha , Czech President of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (died 1945)
- July 14: Irene Abendroth , German Kammersängerin († 1932)
- July 15: Alfred Hertz , American conductor of German descent (died 1942)
- July 16: Roald Amundsen , Norwegian polar explorer (d. 1928)
- July 16: Kurt Strümpell , German colonial officer (died 1947)
- July 18: Julius Fučík , Bohemian composer and conductor (died 1916)
- July 19: Arnold Zimmermann , Swiss evangelical clergyman and local historian (died 1951)
- July 22 Karl Helfferich , German politician and banker (died 1924)
- July 23 Edward Adrian Wilson , English polar explorer, physician and ornithologist (died 1912)
- July 24: Orpha-F. Deveaux , Canadian organist, music teacher and composer (died 1933)
- July 26 Ludwig Anton , Austrian writer and doctor (died 1941)
- July 26: Albert Bertelin , French composer (died 1951)
- July 27: Else Lüders , politician (died 1948)
- July 28 Percy Moreau Ashburn , American physician and military doctor (d. 1940)
- July 30: Clementine of Belgium , Princess of Belgium (died 1955)
- July 30: Max Pohlenz , German classical scholar (died 1962)
August
- August 3: Haakon VII , King of Norway (died 1957)
- August 3: Christian Schreiber , German clergyman (died 1933)
- August 4: Otto Erler , German dramatist (died 1943)
- August 5: Theresia Albers , German teacher and founder of the order (died 1949)
- August 7 Andries Cornelis Dirk de Graeff , Governor-General of the Netherlands Indies and Dutch Foreign Minister (d. 1957)
- August 8: Léon Saint-Réquier , French composer, organist and music teacher (d. 1964)
- August 10: Fritz Lau , Low German writer (died 1966)
- August 10: Engelbert-Maria , Duke of Arenberg (died 1949)
- August 11: Ernst Hoff , German association official († 1932)
- August 13: Richard Martin Willstätter , German chemist (died 1942)
- August 15 Sri Aurobindo , Indian philosopher and guru, developer of Integral Yoga (died 1950)
- August 15 Rubin Goldmark , American pianist and composer (died 1936)
- August 15: James Vibert , Swiss sculptor (d. 1942)
- August 16: Jane Atché , French painter, printmaker and poster artist (d. 1937)
- August 16: Siegmund von Hausegger , Austrian composer and conductor (died 1948)
- August 18: René Victor Auberjonois , Swiss painter (d. 1957)
- August 18 Hugo Bettauer , Austrian writer (died 1925)
- August 20: Henry Ernest Atkins , English chess player (d. 1955)
- August 20: Paul von Winterfeld , German classical scholar († 1905)
- August 21 – Aubrey Beardsley , British poet, draftsman, graphic artist, caricaturist and illustrator (died 1898)
- August 21 George White , American politician (died 1953)
- August 23 Elsa Neumann , German physicist (d. 1902)
- August 24 Leo Schrattenholz , German composer, cellist and music teacher (died 1955)
- August 25: Louis Brisset , French composer (died 1939)
- August 27 Giovanni Battista Nasalli Rocca di Corneliano , Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (died 1952)
September
- September 4 Pietro Fumasoni Biondi , Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church (d. 1960)
- September 5: Anton Staus , German mechanical engineer and astronomer (died 1955)
- September 5: Rafael J. Tello , Mexican composer (d. 1961)
- September 5: Carl Friedrich von Siemens , German industrialist (died 1941)
- September 5: Carlo von Erlanger , German ornithologist and explorer († 1904)
- September 8 George Henry Dern , American politician (died 1936)
- September 9: Edward Burlingame Hill , American composer (d. 1960)
- September 10: Vladimir Klavdievich Arsenyev , Russian explorer and writer (died 1930)
- September 12: Heinrich Schulz , German politician (died 1932)
- September 15: Ina von Grumbkow , German adventuress and author (d. 1942)
- September 17: Florencio Harmodio Arosemena , President of Panama (d. 1945)
- September 18 Carl Friedberg , German pianist and music teacher (died 1955)
- September 18 Adolf Schmal , Austrian fencing and cycling athlete († 1919)
- September 21 Octave Guillonnet , French painter (died 1967)
- September 22 – Eleanor Hallowell Abbott (1958) American poet, novelist, and children's book author
- September 22: Sergei Aleksandrovich Buturlin , Russian ornithologist (died 1938)
- September 22: Walter Henry Rothwell , English conductor (d. 1927)
- September 24 Carlo Graf Sforza , Italian politician, anti-fascist (died 1952)
- September 25: Paul Reinecke , German archaeologist (died 1958)
- September 26: Ottokar Theobald Graf Czernin von und zu Chudenitz , German diplomat (died 1932)
- September 27 Karl Scheurer , Swiss politician (died 1929)
- September 28: Richard Alexander Georg Wühner , Estonian pastor and evangelical martyr (died 1919)
- September 28 Georg Herting , German sculptor (died 1951)
- September 28 Franz John , German football official and photographer (died 1952)
- September 30: Wilhelm Lobsien , German writer (died 1947)
October
- October 3: Hermann Anschütz-Kaempfe , German inventor of the gyro compass (died 1931)
- October 4 – Hans Rudolf Emil Ludwig Arnsperger , German internist (died 1955)
- October 5: Agustín Parrado García , Archbishop of Granada and Cardinal (died 1946)
- October 5: Friedrich Rittelmeyer , German Protestant theologian (died 1938)
- October 7 Martha Koepp-Susemihl , German painter (died 1936)
- October 11 Emily Davison , English suffragette (died 1913)
- October 11 Reinder Pieter van Calcar , Dutch bacteriologist (died 1957)
- October 12: Ralph Vaughan Williams , English composer and conductor (d. 1958)
- October 14 Reginald Doherty , English tennis player (died 1910)
- October 15 Wilhelm Miklas , Austrian politician (died 1956)
- October 15 Ben Olcott , American politician (died 1952)
- October 19: Jacques E. Brandenberger , Swiss chemist and textile engineer, inventor of cellophane († 1954)
- October 20: Anton Feith , German organ builder (died 1929)
- October 22: Alessio Ascalesi , Italian clergyman, Archbishop of Naples and cardinal (died 1952)
- 25 October Alexander Hardcastle , captain in the British Navy and amateur archaeologist (d. 1933)
- October 25 – Franc-Nohain , French writer and librettist (died 1934)
- October 25: Jacob Weber , German politician (died 1944)
- October 26 Harold Fraser , American golfer (d. 1945)
- October 29: Hermann Haack , German cartographer (died 1966)
- October 30: Heinrich Engels , official in the Archdiocese of Cologne († 1943)
November
- November 1: Friedrich Funder , Austrian journalist and publicist, editor of the Viennese daily newspaper Reichspost († 1959)
- November 3: Paul Panzer , German actor (died 1958)
- November 4: Max Heldt , German politician (died 1933)
- November 5: Gustav Casmir , German fencer (died 1910)
- November 8 Martin Onslow Forster , British chemist (died 1945)
- November 9: Raissa Adler , Austrian women's rights activist (died 1962)
- November 10: Mikhail Yevseevich Bukinik , Russian cellist, composer, music teacher and music critic (died 1947)
- November 11 Maude Ewing Adams Kiskadden , American theater actress (d. 1953)
- November 12: Hermann Röchling , German mining entrepreneur († 1955)
- November 12: Otto Schlueter , German settlement geographer (died 1959)
- November 13: Paul Askonas , Austrian actor (died 1935)
- November 15 – Hans Dominik , German engineer, science fiction and non-fiction author (died 1945)
- November 15: Okamoto Kidō , Japanese playwright (died 1939)
- November 24 Georgi Vasilyevich Chicherin , Russian politician and foreign minister (died 1936)
- November 25: Robert de Flers , French playwright and journalist (died 1927)
- November 26 Clare Stinnes , German entrepreneur, wife of Ruhr industrialist Hugo Stinnes (died 1973)
- November 27: Robert Franz Arnold , Austrian literary historian and librarian (died 1938)
- November 30 George Balfour , American engineer, entrepreneur, MP (d. 1941)
- November 30 Morris Fuller Benton , American engineer and typographer (died 1948)
- November 30: John McCrae , Canadian poet, writer and medical scientist (d. 1918)
- November 30: Otto Richter , German politician, co-founder of the Magdeburg building cooperative movement († 1927)
December
- December 1: Eduard Paul Benedict Frese , German-Baltic clergyman and evangelical confessor († 1919)
- December 3: Guido Holzknecht , Austrian doctor and radiologist († 1931)
- December 5: Harry Nelson Pillsbury , American chess player (d. 1906)
- December 7: Johan Huizinga , Dutch cultural historian (died 1945)
- December 9 Thomas W. Hardwick , American politician, Governor of Georgia (died 1944)
- December 10: Ludwig Klages , German life philosopher and psychologist († 1956)
- December 12: Bruno Cassirer , German publisher and gallery owner (died 1941)
- December 12 – Karel Hoffmann , Czech violinist and music teacher (died 1936)
- December 12: Heinrich Vogeler , German artist (died 1942)
- December 16: Anton Ivanovich Denikin , Russian general (died 1947)
- December 18 Abdullah Abdurahman , South African politician (died 1940)
- December 24 Frederick Semple , American golf and tennis player (d. 1927)
- December 25 Naum Aronson , Russian-French sculptor (died 1943)
- December 25 Helena Rubinstein , US cosmetics entrepreneur (d. 1965)
- December 29 Charles Faroux , French motorsport official and race director (d. 1957)
- December 30 William Larned , American tennis player (d. 1926)
Exact date of birth unknown
- Marinos Antypas , Greek journalist (died 1907)
- Theodor Makridi , Ottoman official and museum curator (died 1940)
- Hassan Pirnia , Iranian politician and Prime Minister of Iran (died 1935)
Died
First quarter
- January 2: Wilhelm Löhe , German Protestant theologian (b. 1808)
- January 4: Arnold Naudain , American politician (born 1790)
- 5 January: Kereopa Te Rau , Prophet of the Pai Marire, a Māori religion in New Zealand
- January 7: Archibald Atkinson , American politician (born 1792)
- January 13: Otto von Münchhausen , Prussian district administrator (b. 1780)
- January 14: Joseph Christoph Kessler , German pianist and composer (b. 1800)
- January 15: John King , British soldier and explorer (b. 1838 or 1841)
- January 18: Caroline of Hesse-Homburg , Princess Reuss zu Greiz, Countess and Lady of Plauen, Lady of Greiz, Kranichfeld, Gera, Schleiz and Lobenstein, Regent of the Principality of Reuss Elder Line (b. 1819)
- January 20: Ludwig Leopold Liebig , German gardener and plant breeder (b. 1801)
- January 21: Franz Grillparzer , Austrian poet and playwright (b. 1791)
- January 21: Bedros Tourian , Armenian poet, playwright and actor (b. 1851)
- January 22: Franz von Elsholtz , German poet and writer (b. 1791)
- January 22: Luise von Plönnies , German writer (b. 1803)
- February 4: James Chapman , English explorer of Africa (b. 1831)
- February 7: James W. Grimes , American politician (b. 1816)
- February 7: Nikolai Alexeyevich Milyutin , Russian politician and reformer (b. 1818)
- 10 February: Feodora zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg , Duchess of Saxe-Meiningen (b. 1839)
- February 12: Edward J. Roye , President of Liberia (b. 1815)
- February 17: Jose Burgos , Filipino Catholic Church priest (b. 1837)
- February 17: Mariano Gomez , Filipino Catholic Church priest (b. 1799)
- February 17: Jacinto Zamora , Filipino Catholic Church priest (b. 1835)
- February 20: Manuel Pando Fernández de Pinedo , Spanish historian and politician, Prime Minister of Spain (b. 1792)
- February 22: Ferdinand Kommerell , German mathematician (b. 1818)
- February 24: William Webb Ellis , English clergyman, alleged inventor of rugby (b. 1806)
- March 10: Mariane Bargiel , German pianist, singer and piano teacher (born 1797)
- March 10: Giuseppe Mazzini , Italian nationalist and founder of "Young Italy" (b. 1805)
- March 12: Zeng Guofan , Chinese statesman (b. 1811)
- March 19: Jan van Boom , Dutch composer, pianist and music educator (b. 1807)
- March 21: Gustaf Andersson , Swedish organ builder and musician (born 1797)
- March 27: William Trousdale , American politician (b. 1790)
Second quarter
- April 1: Hugo von Mohl , German botanist (b. 1805)
- April 2: Samuel Morse , American inventor (b. 1791)
- April 2: Bertram Pfeiffer , German politician (born 1797)
- April 13: Thomas Vowler Short , British clergyman and writer (b. 1790)
- April 15: Peter G. Van Winkle , American politician (born 1808)
- April 22: George F. Fort , American politician (b. 1809)
- April 28: Moriz Adolph Briegleb , German politician (b. 1809)
- April 30: Walpurga Schindl , Tyrolean poet (b. 1826)
- May 1: Amalia Maria da Gloria Augusta , Princess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Duchess of Saxony and Princess of the Netherlands (b. 1830)
- May 13: Moritz Hartmann , Austrian journalist, writer and politician (b. 1821)
- May 13: Georg Friedrich Carl Kölling , German sculptor (b. 1825)
- May 17: Peter Roh , Jesuit preacher and teacher (b. 1811)
- May 17: Fryderyk Edward Sobolewski , American composer (b. 1808)
- May 24: Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld , German painter (b. 1794)
- May 28: Sophie of Austria , daughter of King Maximilian I of Bavaria (b. 1805)
- May 31: Friedrich Gerstäcker , German adventurer and writer (b. 1816)
- June 1: John Sandfield Macdonald , Canadian politician (born 1812)
- June 2: Karl Bernhard Hundeshagen , German Reformed theologian (born 1810)
- June 4: Jean-Baptiste Philibert Vaillant , French general and Marshal of France (b. 1790)
- June 4: Stanisław Moniuszko , Polish composer (b. 1819)
- June 8: František Cyril Kampelík , Czech popular enlightener and founder of self-help cooperatives (b. 1805)
- June 13: Daniel Weisiger Adams , American attorney and brigadier general (b. 1821)
- June 20: Élie-Frédéric Forey , French general and Marshal of France (b. 1804)
- June 21: Robert Prutz , German writer (b. 1816)
Third quarter
- July 7: Pierre Lachambeaudie , French fable writer (b. 1806)
- July 11: Eugenia Tadolini , Italian opera singer (b. 1808)
- July 18: Benito Juárez , Mexican statesman and President (b. 1806)
- July 20: Archibald Hunter Arrington , American politician (b. 1809)
- July 23: William Bridges Adams , British publicist, railway designer and entrepreneur (b. 1797)
- July 26: Michele Carafa , Italian composer (b. 1787)
- July 26: Alexander W. Randall , American politician (b. 1819)
- July 27: George Walker Crawford , American politician (b. 1798)
- July 28: Frederik Kaiser , Dutch astronomer (b. 1808)
- July: Carl Ferdinand Appun , German naturalist and traveler (b. 1820)
- August 3: Karl August Devrient , German theater actor (b. 1797)
- August 5: Charles Eugène Delaunay , French mathematician and astronomer (born 1816)
- August 5: Elias Thomas , American businessman and politician (b. 1772)
- August 8: Eberhard zu Stolberg-Wernigerode , politician and Prussian civil servant (b. 1810)
- August 8: Heinrich Abeken , German theologian (b. 1809)
- August 11: Lowell Mason , American composer and music educator (b. 1792)
- August 19: Eugène Prévost , French composer and conductor (b. 1809)
- August 21: David Kalisch , German writer (b. 1820)
- August 26: Johann Christoph Lüders , Görlitz industrial pioneer, local politician and cultural promoter (b. 1803)
- August 30: Román Antonio Deheza , Argentine general and governor (b. 1791)
- August 30: Adam Krolczyk , German evangelical missionary in China (b. 1826)
- August 31: John Neely Johnson , American politician (b. 1825)
- September 2: Yuri Nikolayevich Golitsyn , Russian composer (b. 1823)
- 2 September: Nikolai Frederik Severin Grundtvig , Danish philologist, theologian (born 1783)
- September 3: Paul Camille von Denis , French engineer and railway pioneer (b. 1796)
- September 7: Antoni Stolpe , Polish composer (b. 1851)
- September 8: Paolo Emiliani Giudici , Italian literary historian and literary scholar (b. 1812)
- September 13: Ludwig Feuerbach , German philosopher (b. 1804)
- 18 September: Charles XV , King of Sweden (b. 1826)
- 19 September: Joseph Ignatz Peter , Baden official, participant in the Baden Revolution 1848/49 (b. 1789)
- September 20: James Patton Anderson , US Major General (b. 1822)
- September 22: Garrett Davis , American politician (b. 1801)
Fourth Quarter
- October 1: Joel Funk Asper , American politician (b. 1822)
- October 2 – Francis Lieber , German-American jurist, publicist, legal and political philosopher (b. 1800)
- October 2: Eberhard Friedrich Walcker , German organ builder (born 1794)
- October 6: George Pollock , British Field Marshal (b. 1786)
- October 10: William H. Seward , American politician, Secretary of State (b. 1801)
- October 14: Albrecht of Prussia , Prussian prince and general (b. 1809)
- October 15: Handrij Zejler , Sorbian poet and editor (b. 1804)
- October 19: David-François Munier , Swiss Protestant minister and university teacher (b. 1798)
- October 20: Friedrich Welwitsch , Austrian explorer of Africa and botanist (b. 1806)
- October 23: Théophile Gautier , French writer (b. 1811)
- October 25: William Freame Johnston , American politician (born 1808)
- October 29: Pierre Saint-Amant , French chess champion (b. 1800)
- October: Joseph Alexander Ames , American portrait painter (born 1816)
- November 5: Adolf Ellissen , German politician, philologist and literary historian (b. 1815)
- November 6: George Gordon Meade , General of the Union Army in the American Civil War (b. 1815)
- November 8: Moritz Ludwig Seyffert , German philologist and educator (b. 1809)
- 19 November: Mpande , King of the Zulu (b. 1798)
- November 21: Torgeir Augundsson , Norwegian composer (b. 1801)
- November 23: John Bowring , British statesman, traveler and writer (born 1792)
- November 26: Charles Spackman Barker , English organ builder (b. 1807)
- November 28: Ludwig August von Autenrieth , Württemberg jurist and politician (b. 1802)
- November 28: Mary Somerville , Scottish astronomer and mathematician (born 1780)
- November 29 Christian Bähr , German classical scholar (b. 1798)
- December 2: Wincenty Pol , Polish writer, geographer and ethnographer (b. 1807)
- December 7: Christoph Leonhard Wolbach , first mayor of Ulm (b. 1783)
- December 8: Fritz Anneke , German revolutionary and North American officer (b. 1818)
- December 11: Kamehameha V , King of Hawaii (b. 1830)
- December 22: Jakob Becker , German painter, etcher and lithographer (b. 1810)
- December 23: George Catlin , American painter, author, and Native American scholar (b. 1796)
- December 24: William John Macquorn Rankine , British physicist and engineer (born 1820)
- December 31: Aleksis Kivi , Finnish national writer (b. 1834)
Exact date of death unknown
- Edwin Atherstone , English poet (born 1788)
- Charlotte Sager , German wax artist (born 1797)
web links
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