Friedrich Ludwig (musicologist)

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Friedrich Ludwig (born May 8, 1872 in Potsdam , † October 3, 1930 in Göttingen ) was a German historian , musicologist and university professor . His name is closely connected with the research and rediscovery of music of the Middle Ages in the 20th century, especially with the compositional technique of the isorhythmic motet in the Ars nova .

Life

After graduating from the Viktoria-Gymnasium, today's Helmholtz-Gymnasium Potsdam , Ludwig first studied history at the University of Strasbourg , where he obtained his doctorate in 1896 as a student of Harry Bresslaus . During his studies he became a member of the student choir Arion Strasbourg in the association of special houses . He owed his musical training on the one hand to Gustav Jacobsthal , the only full professor of historical musicology in Germany at the time, and on the other to Albert Schweitzer and Hans Pfitzner , whom he had met in Strasbourg and with whom he was friendly. For about a decade he made numerous trips across Europe, exploring the sources of medieval music. In 1905 he completed his habilitation and became the successor to Jacobsthal, who was retired at the same time , initially as a lecturer and from 1910 as associate professor for music history. After the end of the First World War he was expelled from Strasbourg, which was now part of France . From 1920 he was a full professor at the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen , whose rector he became in 1929/30. Among his students are Heinrich Besseler , Friedrich Gennrich , Heinrich Husmann , and Joseph Müller-Blattau .

plant

Friedrich Ludwig was one of those cultural scientists who, in contrast to the perspective traditional from the Romantic period, no longer regarded baroque polyphony as an absolute value, but researched its historical development and development and thus initiated an exploration and re-evaluation of early music through which the music of In the Middle Ages it was made accessible again both theoretically and practically. His area of research was the music of Palestrina , that is Ars Antiqua , Ars Nova and the Dutch polyphony . As a historian, Ludwig was familiar with the cultural unity in European history of the late Middle Ages and viewed it in the spirit of Leopold von Rankes , whose grandchildren he was through Bresslau. He included the Slavic cultures in his perspective. In contrast to the musical view of the 19th century, which in the wake of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel's Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) treated music as art in itself, Ludwig explored music as a systematic method in its connections with other cultural phenomena such as architecture and literature , especially as a unit with poetry in medieval languages. For this purpose he used the Philology of the Middle High German , the Medieval Latin and medieval Romance languages , the chorale - and contemporary history. For the first time he used source and style comparisons to date musical works and introduced these methods into music history work.

Ludwig's accomplishments include the research of the organum , the deciphering of the early square notation , the discovery of modal rhythms in monophonic songs of the 13th century, the systematic presentation of the Notre Dame epoch and the motet compositions of the Ars nova . He transferred a large number of polyphonic works into the 15th century and published them in critical editions. He discovered the compositional principle of isorhythmy , the name of which he also coined.

Publications

  • The polyphonic music of the 14th century . In: Anthologies of the International Music Society . Volume 4, 1902/03, pp. 16-69
  • The 50 examples of Coussemaker from the Montpellier manuscript . In: Anthologies of the International Music Society . Volume 5, 1903/04, pp. 177-244
  • The polyphonic music of the oldest epoch in the service of the liturgy. A polyphonic office of St. Jacob from the 12th century . In: Church Music Yearbook . Volume 19, 1905, pp. 1-16
  • About the origin and the first development of the Latin and French motet in musical relation . In: Anthologies of the International Music Society . Volume 7, 1905/06, pp. 514-528
  • The tasks of research in the field of medieval music history . Strasbourg 1906
  • The polyphonic works of the Engelberg 314 manuscript . In: Church Music Yearbook . Volume 21, 1908, pp. 48-61
  • The liturgical organs of Leonin and Perotin . In: Festschrift for Hugo Riemann . Leipzig 1909, pp. 200-213
  • The polyphonic music of the 11th and 12th centuries . In: Congress report on the Haydn Zentenar celebration . Vienna 1909, pp. 101-108
  • Repertorium organorum recentioris et motetorum vetustissimi stili. I. Catalog raisonné of sources, Dept. 1. Manuscripts in square notation . Niemeyer, Halle 1910
  • Perotinus Magnus. In: Archives for Musicology . Volume 3, 1921, pp. 361-370
  • The sources of the oldest style motets . In: Archives for Musicology . Volume 5, 1923, pp. 185-222 and Volume 6, 1924, pp. 245 f.
  • The sacred, non-liturgical, secular monophonic and polyphonic music of the Middle Ages up to the beginning of the 15th century . In: Guido Adler (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Musikgeschichte . dtv, Munich 1924/1930, pp. 157-195
  • The polyphonic mass of the 14th century . In: Archives for Musicology . Volume 7 1925, pp. 417-435 and Volume 8, 1926, p. 130
  • Attempt to transfer Herenthal's motets No. 4 and 5 . In: Journal of Musicology . Volume 8, 1925/26, pp. 196-200
  • Beethoven's Leonore . 1930

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Otto Grübel, Special Houses Association of German Student Choral Societies (SV): Cartel address book. As of March 1, 1914. Munich 1914, p. 147.

Web links

personal data
SURNAME Ludwig, Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German historian, musicologist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH May 8, 1872
PLACE OF BIRTH Potsdam
DATE OF DEATH October 3, 1930
Place of death Goettingen