1874
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Calendar overview 1874
Map with all linked sites: | 1874 | |
|---|---|
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|
 in Bad Kissingen . |
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| 1874 in other calendars | |
| Armenian calendar | 1322/23 (turn of the year July) |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1866/67 (September 10-11) |
| Baha'i calendar | 30/31 (March 20/21) |
| Bengali solar calendar | 1279/80 (beginning of April 14th or 15th) |
| Buddhist calendar | 2417/18 (southern Buddhism); 2416/17 (alternative calculation according to Buddha's Parinirvana ) |
| Chinese calendar | 76th (77th) cycle
Year of the Wood Dog甲戌 ( at the beginning of the year water tap 癸酉) |
| Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam) | 1236/37 (turn of the year April) |
| Dangun era (Korea) | 4207/08 (October 2/3) |
| Iranian calendar | 1252/53 (around March 21) |
| Islamic calendar | 1290/91 (February 18-19) |
| Japanese calendar |
Meiji 7 (
明治 7 年 ); Koki 2534 |
| Jewish calendar | 5634/35 (September 11-12) |
| Coptic calendar | 1590/91 (September 10-11) |
| Malayalam calendar | 1049/50 |
| Rumi Calendar (Ottoman Empire) | 1289/90 (March 1) |
| Seleucid era | Babylon: 2184/85 (turn of the year April)
Syria: 2185/86 (turn of the year October) |
| Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar) | 1930/31 (April) |
Events
Politics and world events
Brussels Conference
- July 27. bis 27. August : The Brussels Conference of 1874 ends with the adoption of the Declaration on the laws and customs of war which, although never under international law , but bound to submit the Hague Regulations is.
The German Imperium
- January 10th : German Reich : In the second election to the German Reichstag , the liberal parties are particularly successful.
- January 23 : The Prussian state parliament passes the law on compulsory civil marriage . Divorce is now also possible in Prussia .
- May 4th : The Reichstag passes the “Expatriation Act”, one of the so-called May laws during the Prussian Kulturkampf .
- July 1 : The on May 7 adopted Press Act ( Reichspreßgesetz (RPG)) enters into force. It regulates press law and is partially valid until 1966 .
- July 13 : Eduard Kullmann, 20-year-old journeyman cooperator, assassinated Chancellor Otto von Bismarck in Bad Kissingen .
- October 1 : As part of the Kulturkampf , compulsory civil marriage is introduced in Prussia through the creation of the state registry office .
Austria-Hungary
- April 5 : The founding congress of the Social Democratic Workers' Party in Austria begins in Neudörfl , issued as a confidential meeting . However, directional struggles only emerged through Viktor Adler's work at the Hainfeld party congress from 1889 onwards.
Switzerland
- January 1st : Karl Schenk becomes President of Switzerland for the third time .
- April 19 : The first total revision of the Swiss Federal Constitution provides for the expansion of federal competencies and popular rights. With this total revision, the referendum law will also be introduced at the federal level.
- December 21 : In the Kulturkampf in Switzerland , the authorities dissolve the diocese of Basel .
Iceland
- August 2nd : Iceland celebrates the millennium of its settlement .
Italy
- September 10th : Pope Pius IX. in the Bull Non expedit forbids Italian Catholics to participate actively or passively in elections.
Spain
- December 29th : In Sagunto , with the backing of the generals of the Bourbon Alfonso XII. proclaimed King of Spain .
Great Britain and British colonies
- January 20 : With the Treaty of Pangkor between Great Britain and the Raja Abdullah of Perak , British influence over Malay states begins .
- October 10 : The Fiji group of islands is declared a British Crown Colony .
Japan / Taiwan
- Japanese punitive expedition to Taiwan : Punitive action by Japanese military forces in Taiwan after the murder of 54 crew members of a merchant ship from the Ryūkyū Islands by the Paiwan on the southwestern tip of Taiwan in December 1871
economy
- March 18 : Hawaii signs a trade agreement with the US that grants exclusive trading rights.
- June 5 : The HeidelbergCement company is founded in Heidelberg .
- July 1 : The expanding into the typewriter Distribution Company Remington Arms brings the typewriter Remington No. 1 on the market. This is the Sholes & Glidden Type-Writer model co-developed by Christopher Latham Sholes .
- October 9 : In Bern , representatives from 22 countries sign the General Postal Union Agreement .
- November 24 : The American Joseph Farwall Glidden receives a patent for the barbed wire he invented .
- December 24th : The August Göricke machine factory is founded in Bielefeld, and over time it will become one of the most important German bicycle manufacturers.
- The second Vienna Südbahnhof is completed.
- Leland Stanford founds the California Street Cable Railroad Company .
science and technology
- March 9 : The Scottish astronomer Ralph Copeland discovers the galaxy NGC 2363 in the constellation Giraffe .
- March 16 : The HMS Challenger is the first steamship to cross the Arctic Circle .
- November 6 : In Adelaide , the third Australian university is founded, the University of Adelaide .
- December 9 : In Athens which is German Archaeological Institute of Athens opened.
- The Domitilla Catacombs in Rome are rediscovered.
- First synthesis of diacetylmorphine ( heroin ) from morphine and acetic anhydride by Charles Romley Alder Wright
- First synthesis of vanillin by the German chemist Wilhelm Haarmann
- Opening of the taxiway in northwest Germany
- The first permanently functional transatlantic telegraph line is being laid by Telegraphen Bau-Anstalt von Siemens & Halske through the company's own cable laying company, Faraday .
Culture
Architecture and fine arts
- April 15. bis 15. May : In Paris in the studio of the photographer make Nadar thirty painters from their works. This also includes Claude Monet's picture Impression, soleil levant . The article headline L'exposition des Impressionistes , inspired by this, gives the new art direction Impressionism its name.
- September 2 : The foundation stone is laid in Vienna for the parliament building on Ringstrasse designed by Theophil von Hansen .
Music and theater
- February 8 : In the Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg which takes place premiere of the opera Boris Godunov by Modest Mussorgsky after the eponymous drama by Alexander Pushkin .
- March 21 : The world premiere of the French operetta Giroflé-Girofla by Charles Lecocq takes place at the Théâtre de Fantaisies-Parisiennes in Brussels.
- March 27 : The first version of Bedřich Smetana's opera Two Widows is premiered with little success at the Ceské Prozatimní Divadlo in Prague.
- April 5th : The operetta Die Fledermaus by Johann Strauss with the libretto by Karl Haffner and Richard Genée is premiered with Marie Geistinger in the role of Rosalinde at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna. It is considered the high point of the so-called golden operetta era and the classic Viennese operetta .
- April 24 : World premiere of the opera Opritschnik ( The Bodyguard ) by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky at the Court Opera in Saint Petersburg
- May 1 : With the Meininger's first guest performance at the Friedrich-Wilhelmstädtisches Theater in Berlin with Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare , the Meininger Hoftheater began touring Europe for 16 years with a total of 2,591 performances, with which a far-reaching theater reform was implemented.
- May 20th : World premiere of the opera Brankovics György by Ferenc Erkel in Budapest
- October 11th : World premiere of the comic opera The Taming of the Shrew by Hermann Goetz in Mannheim
- December 19 : The world premiere of the operetta El Barberillo de Lavapies by Francisco Asenjo Barbieri takes place at the Teatro de la Zarzuela in Madrid.
Others
- July 3 : The Basel Zolli , the oldest zoological garden in Switzerland, opens.
- The Hamburg Museum of Art and Crafts is founded.
- The Pfalzgalerie Kaiserslautern is founded as an industrial museum by Karl Spatz on the initiative of the Palatinate District President Paul von Braun .
- The Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, Maryland, is opened to the public.
society
- May 2 : Karl May is released from Waldheim prison, where he has served a prison sentence for vagrancy .
- Comte de Lautréamont publishes his main work Die Gesänge des Maldoror , which is considered one of the most radical works in Western literature.
Disasters
- September 5 : A devastating city fire destroys a third of the old town of the Saxon-Meiningische Residenzstadt Meiningen .
- November 17 : 467 people died in the sinking of the British sailing ship Cospatrick in the South Atlantic caused by a fire on board . Five survivors, two of whom die after being rescued, are rescued ten days after being kept alive by cannibalism .
- December 24 : In the railway accident at Shipton-on-Cherwell , 34 people die after a tire breaks and 65 others are injured.
Minor accidents are listed in the sub-articles of Catastrophe .
Sports
- September 29th : The first soccer game in Germany is played by students from the Martino-Katharineum grammar school in Braunschweig under the direction of Konrad Koch and August Hermann on the grounds of the "small parade ground". This game marked the birth of football in Germany .
- Table tennis is mentioned in writing for the first time in England.
Born
January
- January 1 : William F. Knox , American politician († 1944 )
- January 1 : Gustav Weißkopf , German-American pioneer of powered flight († 1927 )
- January 3 : Francis Newton , American golfer († 1946 )
- January 4 : George Townsend Adee , American football player and tennis official († 1948 )
- January 4th : Svend Fleuron , Danish writer († 1966 )
- January 4 : Josef Suk , Czech composer, († 1935 )
- January 4 : John W. Thomas , American politician († 1945 )
- January 5 : Joseph Erlanger , American neurophysiologist and Nobel Prize winner († 1965 )
- January 6 : Frederick W. Mulkey , American politician († 1924 )
- January 6th : Fred Niblo , American film director († 1948 )
- January 7th : Marvel M. Logan , American politician († 1939 )
- January 8 : Elisabeth Marie Auguste of Bavaria , Princess of Bavaria († 1957 )
- January 9 : Hans Louis Ferdinand von Loewenstein zu Loewenstein , German politician and member of the Reichstag († 1959 )
- January 10 : Frederick H. Blair , Canadian organist, choir director, pianist and music teacher († 1939 )
- January 12 : Hermann Thiersch , German archaeologist († 1939 )
- January 13 : Jozef-Ernest Van Roey , Belgian clergyman, Archbishop of Mechelen and Cardinal († 1961 )
- January 16 : Robert W. Service , Canadian poet and novelist († 1958 )
- January 19 : Bruno Paul , German architect and craftsman († 1968 )
- January 19 : Hitachiyama Taniemon , Japanese sumo wrestler and 19th yokozuna († 1922 )
- January 20 : Steve Bloomer , English football player († 1938 )
- January 20 : Karl Heim , German Protestant theologian († 1958 )
- January 21 : René Louis Baire , French mathematician († 1932 )
- January 21 : Johannes Warns , German Protestant theologian († 1937 )
- January 22nd : Vincenzo Lapuma , Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church († 1943 )
- January 22nd : Wincenty Witos , Polish politician († 1945 )
- January 25 : William Somerset Maugham , English playwright and writer († 1965 )
- January 28 : James Larkin , leader of the Irish Trade Union Union († 1947 )
- January 29 : Robert Lach , Austrian musicologist († 1958 )
- January 29 : John D. Rockefeller II , American philanthropist († 1960 )
- January 31 : Theodor Mollison , German anthropologist († 1952 )
February
Hugo von Hofmannsthal 1910 on a photograph by Nicola Perscheid
- February 1 : Hugo von Hofmannsthal , Austrian poet and writer († 1929 )
- February 3 : Gertrude Stein , American writer († 1946 )
- February 3 : Warren Sprout , American marksman († 1945 )
- February 4 : Eduard Kohlrausch , German lawyer († 1948 )
- February 4 : Johannes Gronowski , German politician († 1958 )
- February 8 : Benjamin Franklin Bledsoe , American lawyer († 1938 )
- February 8 : Otto Glöckel , politician and school reformer of the First Republic in Austria († 1935 )
- February 9 : Amy Lowell , American poet († 1925 )
- February 9 : Vsevolod Emiljewitsch Meyerhold , Russian director and actor († 1940 )
- February 10 : Marie Gutheil-Schoder , German opera singer († 1935 )
- February 11 : Elsa Beskow , Swedish children's book author, painter and illustrator († 1953 )
- February 11 : Fritz Hart , English composer († 1949 )
- February 12 : Heinrich Albert , German politician and the last Reich Treasury Minister († 1960 )
- February 14 : Dan Bain , Canadian ice hockey player († 1962 )
- February 15 : Emilis Melngailis , Latvian composer († 1954 )
- February 15 : Eduard Schwyzer , Swiss classical philologist and Indo-Europeanist († 1943 )
- February 15 : Ernest Shackleton , British polar explorer († 1922 )
- February 18 : Paul Arbelet , French Romance studies and Stendhal specialist († 1938 )
- February 18 : Gaston Delalande , French racing car driver († 1960 )
- February 19 : Max Adalbert , German theater and film actor († 1933 )
- February 20 : Alfredo Bevilacqua , Argentine tango musician († 1942 )
- February 20 : Otto Lauffer , German folklorist and cultural historian († 1949 )
- February 23 : Albert Michael Koeniger , German church historian and canonist († 1950 )
- February 23 : Gustav Weindorfer , Austrian-Australian farmer, naturalist, resort operator and ranger († 1932 )
- February 25 : Josef Saier , German pastor, director and author († 1955 )
- February 28 : Johannes Ude , Austrian Roman Catholic priest († 1965 )
March
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- March 2 : Carl Schlechter , Austrian chess player († 1918 )
- March 3 : Karl Scharfenberg , German railway engineer († 1938 )
- March 5 : Daniel O. Hastings , American politician († 1966 )
- March 7th : Luigi Lavitrano , Archbishop of Palermo and Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church († 1950 )
- March 8 : Franz Anderle , Austrian officer († 1957 )
- March 8 : Gabriel Scott , Norwegian writer († 1958 )
- March 9 : Karl Foerster , German gardener, perennial grower and writer († 1970 )
- March 11 : Christian Bürckstümmer , German Protestant clergyman and university professor († 1924 )
- March 13 : Ellery Clark , American athlete († 1949 )
- March 18 : Nikolai Berdjajew , Russian philosopher († 1948 )
- March 18 : Bertha Diener , Austrian writer and travel journalist († 1948 )
- March 20 : Börries Freiherr von Münchhausen , German writer († 1945 )
- March 21 : Paul Abel , British lawyer († 1971 )
- March 21 : Alfred Tysoe , British athlete and Olympic champion († 1901 )
- March 23 : Marie Baum , social politician of the Weimar Republic († 1964 )
- March 23 : Charles Cresson , American tennis player († 1949 )
- March 23 : Grantley Goulding , British athlete and participant in the first Summer Olympics († 1944 )
- March 24th : Harry Houdini , Austrian-American magician († 1926 )
- March 26 : Elisabeth Altmann-Gottheiner , German university professor and women's rights activist († 1930 )
- March 26 : Raoul Arnauld de la Perière , German actor († 1908 )
- March 26 : Robert Frost , American poet and Pulitzer Prize winner († 1963 )
- March 26 : Oskar Nedbal , Bohemian composer and conductor († 1930 )
- March 28 : Gustaf Nagel , German eccentric and traveling preacher († 1952 )
- March 31 : Andrés Gaos , Spanish composer, violinist and music teacher († 1959 )
- March 31 : Henri Marteau , German-French violinist and composer († 1934 )
April
- April 2 : Frank Elmore Ross , American astronomer and physicist († 1960 )
- April 2 : Josef Schmitt , German lawyer and politician († 1939 )
- April 3 : Wilhelm Crönert , German classical philologist († 1942 )
- April 4 : Otto Salzer , German mechanic and racing car driver († 1944 )
- April 5 : Jenny Apolant , German women's rights activist († 1925 )
- April 7 : Friedrich Kayssler , German writer († 1945 )
- April 12 : Otto Hauser , Swiss prehistory researcher († 1932 )
- April 15 : Karl Ernst Osthaus , German art patron, planner and designer († 1921 )
- April 15 : George Harrison Shull , American botanist and plant geneticist († 1954 )
- April 15 : Johannes Stark , German physicist, Nobel Prize winner († 1957 )
- April 16 : Frederick Van Nuys , American politician († 1944 )
- April 17 : Rudolf Berger , German singer († 1915 )
- April 19 : Ernst Rüdin , Swiss doctor, psychiatrist and racial hygienist († 1952 )
- April 20 : Eugenio Balzan , Italian journalist and industrialist († 1953 )
- April 20 : Frank Martin Church , American organist, composer and music teacher († 1959 )
- April 21 : Giulio Bas , Italian composer and organist († 1929 )
- April 23 : Alfonso Castaldi , Italian composer († 1942 )
- April 23 : Wilhelm Werner , German racing driver († 1947 )
- April 25 : Guglielmo Marconi , Italian radio pioneer and entrepreneur († 1937 )
- April 26 : Franz Feldhaus , German electrical engineer and scientific writer († 1957 )
- April 27 : Rudolf Linnemann , German architect, interior designer and glass painter († 1916 )
- April 28 : Karl Kraus , Austrian writer and satirist († 1936 )
May
- May 1 : Romaine Brooks , American painter and sculptor († 1970 )
- May 2 : Hugo Eberhardt , German architect († 1959 )
- May 4 : Bernhard Hoetger , German sculptor, painter and artisan († 1949 )
- May 7 : Heinrich Hoffmann , German Protestant theologian and university lecturer († 1951 )
- May 7 : Ilmari Kianto , Finnish writer († 1970 )
- May 8 : Inessa Armand , born Elisabeth Pécheux d'Horbenville, Russian revolutionary of French origin, lover of Lenin († 1920 )
- May 8 : Cornelis van Vollenhoven , Dutch legal scholar († 1933 )
- May 8 : Ernest Marland , American politician († 1941 )
- May 9 : Howard Carter , British archaeologist († 1939 )
- May 10 : Martin Boelitz , German writer († 1918 )
- May 11 : Einar Jónsson , Icelandic sculptor († 1954 )
- May 12 : Clemens Peter Freiherr von Pirquet , Austrian pediatrician († 1929 )
- May 13 : Emil Fuchs , German theologian († 1971 )
- May 14 : Polaire , Algerian-French ballet dancer, singer and actress († 1939 )
- May 15 : Adolf Baumbach , German legal scholar († 1945 )
- May 15 : Richard Schirrmann , teacher, founder of the German Youth Hostel Association († 1961 )
- May 17 : Auda ban harb al-abo seed al-mazro al-tamame ibu Tayi , Arab general († 1924 )
- May 19 : John Esslemont , British Bahai († 1925 )
- May 19 : Max Niedermann , Swiss classical philologist and politician († 1954 )
- May 20 : Alfred Dehlinger , Württemberg politician († 1959 )
- May 20 : Raoul Heinrich Francé , Austrian bionic scientist and natural philosopher († 1943 )
- May 20 : Augustine Lonergan , American politician († 1947 )
- May 21 : Julius Nuninger , German gymnast
- May 21 : Thomas Swindlehurst , British tug of war († 1959 )
- May 22 : Anton Kippenberg , German publisher († 1950 )
- May 23 : Ludwig Frank , lawyer and politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) († 1914 )
- May 24 : Hermann Duncker , German politician and trade union official († 1960 )
- May 25 : Abraham Oyanedel Urrutia , Chilean politician († 1954 )
- May 26 : Henri Farman , French aviation pioneer († 1958 )
- May 27 : Richard von Schaukal , Austrian poet († 1942 )
- May 27 : Ferdinand Tutenberg , German landscape gardener († 1956 )
- May 28 : Franz Brozincevic , Croatian-Swiss entrepreneur, truck manufacturer († 1933 )
- May 29 : Gilbert Keith Chesterton , English writer († 1936 )
June
- June 1 : Macedonio Fernández , Argentine writer († 1952 )
- June 2 : Ludwig Roselius , German coffee merchant and patron († 1943 )
- June 4 : Max Dvořák , Austrian art historian († 1921 )
- June 5 : Eugen Fischer , German anthropologist and racial hygienist († 1967 )
- June 6 : Nicola Canali , Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church († 1961 )
- June 9 : Ernst Diehl , German classical philologist († 1947 )
- June 9 : Enrico Rosati , Italian singing teacher († 1963 )
- June 10 : Ernst Haiger , German architect († 1952 )
- June 12 : Robert Archer Cooper , American politician († 1953 )
- June 12 : Charles L. McNary , American politician († 1944 )
- June 13 : Leopoldo Lugones , Argentine poet and essayist († 1938 )
- June 14 : Ota Wićaz , Sorbian literary and cultural historian and writer († 1952 )
- June 15 : Alfred Klotz , German classical philologist († 1956 )
- June 16 : Gustav Amweg , Swiss author and teacher († 1944 )
- June 16 : Arthur Meighen , Canadian politician († 1960 )
- June 16 : František Neumann , Czech composer, conductor and music teacher († 1929 )
- June 22nd : Viggo Jensen , Danish weightlifter, marksman and athlete († 1930 )
- June 28 : Alfred Gold , Austrian writer, theater critic, columnist, later art historian, art dealer and art collector († 1958 )
- June 29 : Frederick S. Armitage , American cameraman, director and film producer († 1933 )
- June 30th : Fritz Brupbacher , Swiss doctor, libertarian socialist († 1945 )
- June 30 : Paul Pierné , French composer († 1952 )
July
- July 2 : Karl Alexander Maximilian von Asseburg-Neindorf , German manor owner, administrative officer and parliamentarian († 1945)
- July 3 : Johan Gunnar Andersson , Swedish archaeologist, paleontologist and geologist († 1960 )
- July 7 : Erwin Bumke , President of the Imperial Court of Justice († 1945 )
- July 9 : Heinrich Deist , German politician and Prime Minister of the Free State of Anhalt († 1963 )
- July 12 : Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven , German artist of Dadaism († 1927 )
- July 12 : Arne Oldberg , American composer († 1962 )
- July 13 : Ludwig Gruber , Austrian composer, singer, writer and conductor († 1964 )
- July 14 : Abbas II , last Khedive (Turkish viceroy) of Egypt († 1944 )
- July 15 : Enrico Dassetto , Swiss composer and conductor († 1971 )
- July 15 : Gwyn Nicholls , Welsh rugby player († 1939 )
- July 15 : Wilhelm von Scholz , German writer and playwright († 1969 )
- July 17 : Max Maurenbrecher , German theologian, publicist and politician († 1930 )
- July 18 : Cathal Brugha , revolutionary and first chairman of the Irish House of Commons († 1922 )
- July 18 : Otto Hörsing , German politician († 1937 )
- July 18 : Jakub Lorenc-Zalěski , Sorbian writer and publicist († 1939 )
- July 19 : Jörg Lanz von Liebenfels , Austrian priest and religious († 1954 )
- July 24 : Oswald Chambers , Scottish Baptist preacher († 1917 )
- July 26 : Sergei Alexandrowitsch Kussewizki , Russian-American conductor and double bass player († 1951 )
- July 28 : Alice Duer Miller , American writer († 1942 )
- July 28 : Ernst Cassirer , German philosopher († 1945 )
- July 28 : Joaquín Torres García , Uruguayan painter († 1949 )
- July 29 : August Stramm , German poet and playwright († 1915 )
- July 31 : Adolph Amberg , German sculptor († 1913 )
August
- August 3 : Fritz Rehn , first President of the People's Court († 1934 )
- August 4th : Patrick Philbin , British tug of war († 1929 )
- August 7 : André Jolles , Dutch literary scholar († 1946 )
- August 8 : George A. Banker , American cyclist, world champion 1898 († 1917 )
- August 8 : Tristan Klingsor , French writer, painter, composer and music critic († 1966 )
- August 9 : Reynaldo Hahn , French composer († 1947 )
- August 10 : Herbert Hoover , American President († 1964 )
- August 10 : Bill Johnson , American jazz bassist and band leader († 1972 )
- August 10 : Antanas Smetona , first Lithuanian President († 1944 )
- August 11 : Wilhelm Schussen , German writer († 1956 )
- August 14 : Fritz Travers , German politician († 1929 )
- August 15 : Gerard Abraham van Rijnberk , Dutch physiologist († 1953 )
- August 17 : Raimund Nimführ , Austrian aviation theorist and aircraft pioneer († 1954 )
- August 18 : Anna Petrović-Njegoš , Princess of Montenegro († 1971 )
- August 22nd : Edward Bairstow , English organist, teacher, composer, choir director and conductor († 1946 )
- August 22 : Max Scheler , German philosopher and sociologist († 1928 )
- August 27 : Carl Bosch , German chemist, industrialist and Nobel Prize winner († 1940 )
- August 29 : Eilhard Alfred Mitscherlich , German soil scientist and agricultural scientist († 1956 )
- August 30th : Emilie Flöge , Austrian designer, fashion designer, entrepreneur and life partner of Gustav Klimt († 1952 )
- August 31 : Edward Lee Thorndike , American psychologist († 1949 )
September
- September 1 : Gertrud Bürgers-Laurenz , German painter († 1959 )
- September 1 : Talât Pascha , Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, leader of the Young Turks († 1921 )
- September 2 : Frans Drion , Dutch teacher, politician and anarchist († 1948 )
- September 8 : Friedrich Stampfer , German journalist († 1957 )
- September 9 : William D. Mitchell , American politician († 1955 )
- September 10 : Heinrich Limbertz , German politician and member of the Reichstag († 1932 )
- September 11 : Viktor Achter , German entrepreneur († 1957 )
- September 11th : Franjo Dugan , Croatian composer († 1948 )
- September 11th : Franz Löhr , German sculptor († 1918 )
- September 13 : Henry Fountain Ashurst , American politician († 1962 )
- September 13 : Arnold Schönberg , Austrian composer († 1951 )
- September 16 : Ricardo Flores Magón , Mexican revolutionary († 1922 )
- September 16 : Heinrich Konen , German politician († 1948 )
- September 18 : Johannes Anker Larsen , Danish writer († 1957 )
- September 19 : Wilhelm Wenker , German clergyman († 1956 )
- September 21 : Gustav Holst , British composer († 1934 )
- September 21 : Karl Jarres , German politician, Lord Mayor of Duisburg († 1951 )
- September 22nd : Dorothy Mabel Reed Mendenhall , American doctor († 1964 )
- September 23 : Ernst Streeruwitz , Austrian officer, industrial manager and politician († 1952 )
- September 24th : Kurt Doerry , German athlete and Olympian († 1947 )
- September 24 : Ludwig Diels , German botanist († 1945 )
- September 25 : Georg Metzendorf , German architect († 1934 )
- September 26 : Oakes Ames , American botanist († 1950)
- September 30 : Johannes Fuchs , German lawyer and politician († 1956 )
- September 30th : Charles Vyner Brooke , third and last of the white Rajas of Sarawak († 1963 )
October
- October 3 : Ludwig Anton Adlon , German hotelier († 1945 )
- October 3 : Emerenz Meier , German writer († 1928 )
- October 5 : Alfred Angas Scott , English engineer and businessman († 1923 )
- October 7 : Frederick Hale , American politician († 1963 )
- October 8 : Hugo Süchting , German chess player († 1916 )
- October 8 : Else von Richthofen , German social scientist († 1973 )
- October 9 : Nicholas Roerich , Russian painter and writer († 1947 )
- October 14 : Thomas Ashby , British classical archaeologist († 1931 )
- October 15 : Alfred von Sachsen-Coburg and Gotha , hereditary prince and heir to the throne of the double duchy († 1899 )
- October 15 : Selma Kurz , German opera singer († 1933 )
- October 16 : Otto Mueller , German Expressionist painter († 1930 )
- October 17 : Julio Fossa Calderón , Chilean painter († 1946 )
- October 17 : Ludwig Siebert , German politician, Bavarian Prime Minister from 1933 to 1942 († 1942 )
- October 20 : Charles Ives , American composer († 1954 )
- October 21 : Albert Aftalion , French economist and business cycle theorist († 1956 )
- October 21 : Henri Guisan , Swiss General († 1960 )
- October 21 : Eduard Tschunkur , German industrial chemist († 1946 )
- October 23 : Otto Rühle , communist politician and writer († 1943 )
- October 24 : Robert Zimmermann , Swiss Jesuit, university professor and linguist († 1931 )
- October 26 : Martin Lowry , English chemist († 1936 )
- October 26 : Abby Aldrich Rockefeller , American patron and co-founder of the Museum of Modern Art († 1948 )
- October 28 : Franc Ksaver Meško , Slovenian Catholic priest and writer († 1964 )
- October 31 : Heinrich Arzt , German entrepreneur († 1947 )
November
- November 1 : Karl Albert Hasselbalch , Danish physicist and chemist († 1962 )
- November 2 : Rudolf Breitscheid , German politician († 1944 )
- November 4 : Karl Oberle , German clergyman, dean of the Deanery Alzey († 1942 )
- November 7th : Sam Baker , American politician († 1933 )
- November 8 : Yevgeny Wiktorowitsch Tarle also: Eugen Tarlé , Soviet historian († 1955 )
- November 9 : Matthew M. Neely , American politician († 1958 )
- November 9 : Walter Rothkegel , German soil and tax scientist († 1959 )
- November 9 : Julio Romero de Torres , Spanish painter († 1930 )
- November 11th : Henriette Arendt , first German female police officer († 1922 )
- November 13th : Marguerite Long , French pianist († 1966 )
- November 13 : Wilhelm Dittmann , German politician († 1954 )
- November 14 : William Sutherland Maxwell , Canadian Bahai († 1952 )
- November 14 : Johann Schober , Austrian lawyer, civil servant and politician († 1932 )
- November 15 : August Krogh , Danish doctor and zoologist († 1949 )
- November 16 : Alexandr Kolchak , Russian admiral († 1920 )
- November 16 : Leopold Ziegenbein , commodore of North German Lloyd († 1950 )
- November 18 : Dionysius Ortiefer , German Franciscan Father († 1946 )
- November 19 : Otto Borngräber , German writer, playwright and dramaturge († 1916 )
- November 23 : Theodore Lyman , American physicist († 1954 )
- November 26 : Edmond Fleg , French writer († 1963 )
- November 26 : Konrad Hustaedt , German local researcher, art historian and state curator († 1948 )
- November 27 : Chaim Weizmann , first President of Israel († 1952 )
- November 27 : Ildefons Herwegen , German monk and historian († 1946 )
- November 27 : Johannes Baumann , Swiss politician and Federal President († 1953 )
- November 28 : Hans Sachs , German member of the Reichstag († 1947 )
- November 29 : António Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz , Portuguese neurologist and Nobel Prize winner († 1955 )
- November 29th : Wilhelm Münker , co-founder of the German Youth Hostel Association, conservationist († 1970 )
- November 30th : Friedrich Hasenöhrl , Austrian physicist († 1915 )
- November 30th : Clemens Konermann , German Roman Catholic pastor († 1971 )
- November 30 : Lucy Maud Montgomery , Canadian writer († 1942 )
- November 30 : Winston Churchill , British Prime Minister († 1965 )
December
- December 2 : Adolf Karl Paul Ammon , German industrialist († 1958 )
- December 2 : Johannes Hanssen , Norwegian composer, conductor and military musician († 1967 )
- December 6th : Ascan Lutteroth , German district court director († 1960 )
- December 8 : Oscar Louis Auf der Heide , American politician († 1945 )
- December 8 : Ernst Moro , German pediatrician († 1951 )
- December 11 : Paul Wegener , German actor and director († 1948 )
- December 13 : Ludwig Curtius , German classical archaeologist († 1954 )
- December 14 : Adam Stegerwald , German politician, co-founder of the Christian trade unions in Germany († 1945 )
- December 16 : Johann Michael Bossard , Swiss artist († 1950 )
- December 17 : William Lyon Mackenzie King , Canadian politician († 1950 )
- December 19 : Adolph Ernst Knoch , American author of theological writings and Bible editor († 1965 )
- December 21 : John Quincy Adams , Austrian painter († 1933 )
- December 21 : Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński , Polish poet († 1941 )
- December 21 : Lynn Frazier , American politician († 1947 )
- December 22 : Erhard Auer , first Minister of the Interior of the Free State of Bavaria († 1945 )
- December 22nd : Franz Schmidt , Austrian composer († 1939 )
- December 26 : Frederic von Rosenberg , German politician and foreign minister († 1937 )
- December 26th : Léon Rothier , French singer (bass) († 1951 )
- December 26 : Norman Angell , British writer and publicist, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate († 1967 )
- December 26 : Rose Stoppel , first professor of botany in Germany († 1970 )
- December 26 : Rosa Albach-Retty , Austrian actress († 1980 )
- December 28 : Max Huber , Swiss lawyer, President of the International Committee of the Red Cross († 1960 )
- December 29 : Pyotr Spiridonowitsch Agafoschin , Russian guitarist and music teacher († 1950 )
- December 30th : Alfred Nissle , German doctor and scientist († 1965 )
- December 30th : Janko Jesenský , Slovak writer († 1945 )
- December 31 : Stephen Lucas Bridges , Argentine writer, ethnographer and farmer († 1949 )
Exact date of birth unknown
- Eugen Abele , German pastor and local researcher († 1951 )
- Herbert Adams , English writer († 1958 )
- Faraḥ Anṭūn , Syrian journalist († 1922 )
- Francis George Atkinson , British administrator († 1902 )
- Joseph Kekuku , Hawaiian musician († 1932 )
- Florence Randal Livesay , Canadian writer, translator and journalist († 1953 )
- Mariette Mazarin , Belgian opera singer († 1953 )
- Ernst Ziegler , German entrepreneur and art collector († 1958 )
Died
January to March
- January 3 : Theodor von Mörner , German historian and archivist (* 1817 )
- January 7th : John Burton Thompson , American politician (* 1810 )
- January 9 : Hermann Friedrich Autenrieth , German medic (* 1799 )
- January 12 : Samuel Weishaupt , Swiss theologian and choirmaster (* 1794 )
- January 13 : Victor Baltard , French architect (* 1805 )
- January 14th : Philipp Reis , German teacher and inventor (* 1834 )
- January 17th : Chang and Eng Bunker , Siamese twins (* 1811 )
- January 18 : Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert von Berg , Russian field marshal (* 1794 )
- January 19 : August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben , poet, author of the song of the Germans (* 1798 )
- January 21 : Euphrosyne Parepa-Rosa , English opera singer (* 1836 )
- January 28 : Ludwig Karl Wilhelm von Gablenz , Austrian general of the cavalry (* 1814 )
- January 31 : Enno Wilhelm Hektor , German author of socially critical books, poems and plays (* 1820 )
- February 2 : Johann Lukas Jäger , general practitioner, conservative Catholic journalist, founder of the "Conservative and Greater German Party" in the Palatinate (* 1811 )
- February 3 : John Prince-Smith , economist and Manchester liberal in Germany (* 1809 )
- February 4 : Hartvig Nissen , Norwegian school reformer (* 1815 )
- February 5 : Moriz Haupt , classical philologist and Germanist (* 1808 )
- February 8 : David Friedrich Strauss , German writer, philosopher and theologian (* 1808 )
- February 9 : Jules Michelet , French historian (* 1798 )
- February 11 : Nicholas Trist , American diplomat (* 1800 )
- February 14 : Armand Barthet , French poet (* 1820 )
- February 17th : Adolphe Quetelet , Belgian mathematician, statistician and astronomer (* 1796 )
- February 22nd : Heinrich von Maltzan , German orientalist and writer (* 1826 )
- February 26 : George Ezekiel , German journalist and writer (* 1819 )
- March 2nd : Neil Arnott , Scottish doctor (* 1788 )
- March 2 : Nathan K. Hall , American politician (* 1810 )
- March 8 : Millard Fillmore , American politician (* 1800 )
- March 14th : Johann Heinrich von Mädler , German astronomer (* 1794 )
- March 16 : Heinrich Schaumberger , German poet and narrator (* 1843 )
- March 20 : Hans Christian Lumbye , Danish composer (* 1810 )
- March 22nd : Richard Brenner , German Africa explorer (* 1833 )
- March 28 : Peter Andreas Hansen , German astronomer (* 1795 )
- March 30th : Carl Julian von Graba , royal Danish judicial councilor (* 1799 )
April to July
- April 1 : Carl Heinrich Arnold , German wallpaper manufacturer (* 1793 )
- April 7th : Wilhelm von Kaulbach , German painter (* 1804 )
- April 10 : Heinrich von Kittlitz , German ornithologist, naturalist, traveler, draftsman (* 1799 )
- April 17 : Eugen von Puttkamer , German lawyer (* 1800 )
- April 20 : Gustav Blaeser , German sculptor (* 1813 )
- May 1 : Niccolò Tommaseo , Italian writer (* 1802 )
- May 1st : Vilém Blodek , Czech composer (* 1834 )
- May 7 : Jacques Adolphe Charles Rovers , Dutch classical philologist and historian (* 1803 )
- May 18 : Wilhelm Legrand , Swiss Protestant clergyman (* 1794 )
- May 31 : Felician Martin von Zaremba , Russian diplomat, preacher and missionary (* 1794 )
- May 31 : Rudolf Usinger , German historian (* 1835 )
- June 4th : Christian Friedrich Schubert , German teacher and politician (* 1808 )
- June 4 : Franz Winiewski , German classical philologist (* 1802 )
- June 8 : James W. Gazlay , American politician (* 1784 )
- June 14 : Georg August Pritzel , German librarian and botanical writer (* 1815 )
- June 20 : Carl Heinrich Edmund von Berg , German forester and teacher (* 1800 )
- June 21 : Anders Jonas Ångström , Swedish astronomer and physicist (* 1814 )
- June 22nd : Howard Staunton , British chess player, journalist and Shakespeare researcher (* 1810 )
- June 28 : Katharine Russell, Viscountess Amberley , British noblewoman and suffragette (* 1842 )
- July 5th : August Sohlmann , Swedish publicist (* 1824 )
- July 5 : Wilhelm Vischer-Bilfinger , Swiss classical philologist and politician (* 1808 )
- July 7 : John Heneage Jesse , English historian and writer (* 1808 )
- July 11 : Death of Caldwell , American politician (* 1818 )
- July 12 : Fritz Reuter , German writer (* 1810 )
- July 14 : Franz Stelzhamer , Austrian poet and novelist (* 1802 )
- July 19 : Napoléon Lannes de Montebello , French statesman and diplomat (* 1801 )
- July 21 : Ferdinand von Droste zu Hülshoff , German ornithologist and writer (* 1841 )
August to December
- August 1 : Gustav Zimmermann , German politician and publicist (* 1808 )
- August 2 : Heinrich Ahrens , German legal philosopher (* 1808 )
- August 2nd : August Anschütz , German legal scholar (* 1826 )
- August 4th : Otto Hesse , German mathematician (* 1811 )
- August 5th : Franz Härter , Alsatian pastor (* 1797 )
- August 14 : Julius Freudenthal , German composer and numismatist (* 1805 )
- September 3 : Karl Eduard Arnd , German historian (* 1802 )
- September 23 : Harris Flanagin , American politician (* 1817 )
- September 29 : Wilhelm Amandus Auberlen , Württemberg teacher, musician and composer (* 1798 )
- October 19 : Hippolyte de Fontmichel , French composer (* 1799 )
- October 23 : Abraham Geiger , member of the Jewish reform movement (* 1810 )
- October 26 : Peter Cornelius , German composer (* 1824 )
- October 27 : Karl Ludwig Grotefend , German historian and numismatist (* 1807 )
- November 2 : Thomas Anderson , Scottish chemist and medic (* 1819 )
- November 3 : Ernst Achtung , German businessman (* 1837 )
- December 7th : Konstantin von Tischendorf , German researcher (* 1815 )
- December 10 : Friedrich August Belcke , German trombonist and composer (* 1795 )
- December 14th : Johann Georg Ramsauer , Austrian mine official and prehistoric (* 1795 )
- December 23 : Friedrich Bruckbräu , German writer and translator (* 1792 )
- December 24th : Hermann Püttmann , German democratic and socialist publicist (* 1811 )
- December 27 : Ernst Litfaß , German printer and inventor (advertising column) (* 1816 )
- December 29th : August Hergenhahn , German politician, Prime Minister of the Duchy of Nassau (* 1804 )
- December 30th : Friedrich Matz the Elder , German archaeologist (* 1843 )
Exact date of death unknown
- Jean-Félicité-Théodore Ortolan , French maritime law expert (* 1808 )
Web links
Commons : 1874 - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
