Johannes Ude

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Johannes Ude (born February 28, 1874 in Sankt Kanzian am Klopeiner See , Carinthia ; † July 7, 1965 in Grundlsee , Styria ) was an Austrian , Roman Catholic priest and theologian , life reformer , vegetarian , opponent of animal experiments and nuclear power , pacifist , nature - and economists . He was committed to the free economics of Silvio Gesell and from 1938 in Austria against the Nazi rule. Udes partly radical views and his rhetorical talent helped him to gain the nickname " Savonarola von Graz ".

Life

Memorial stone in St. Kanzian

Even in his childhood, not least as a Konviktist at the monastery school in St. Lambrecht Abbey , Ude received strong religious impulses. He wanted to become a priest and after graduating from high school , he enrolled at the Gregoriana in Rome. There he first studied philosophy , then theology . He received his doctorate in both subjects and was ordained a priest - also in Rome. He also studied natural sciences and received his doctorate for the third time in 1907. On the occasion of this doctorate, there were major tumults at the university in Graz, because Ude was refused to appear as a member of the K.Ö.HV Carolina Graz in the ÖCV in ribbon and hat. On his way to the university, German national fraternities started a fight. He complained and received a reprimand from the rector for his "provocative" behavior.

In 1905 he completed his habilitation in the theology department with a thesis on speculative dogmatics . Ude also studied economics (doctorate in 1924), art history and medicine. In 1927 Ude ran for the Austrian National Council with its own list, Udeverband, Bund gegen Corruption . This political activity, however, was forbidden to him by his bishop.

From 1936 to 1937 Ude taught at the University of Graz . His teaching post was withdrawn from him by the church authorities. Ude's initial sympathy for National Socialism - evoked by the anti-capitalist theses of Nazi propaganda (“ breaking the bondage ”) - turned into uncompromising opposition through the events of the Reichspogromnacht . In 1939 he was referred to Gauleiter Sigfried Uiberreither des Gaues for a letter of protest about the November pogrom and sent into exile in Grundlsee near Bad Aussee . It is believed that Ude was actively involved in the Aussee resistance movement. During the war he wrote pacifist and anti-militarist studies that were collected after the war and published under the title You shall not kill (Ude's most famous book). Ude was arrested in 1944 and charged with degrading military strength and “ favoring the enemy ” and sentenced to death. He escaped the death penalty due to the collapse of the Nazi regime in 1945.

After the Second World War , Ude took up extensive lecturing and writing and consistently advocated the goals of the pacifist movement until his death. The church authorities prevented him from returning to the university. The reason for this was his political attitudes. In 1951 Johannes Ude ran for the office of Federal President of Austria - albeit with very little success.

plant

Ude described the development of his fields of activity as follows: “First I fought alcoholism and nicotinism , then immorality, especially the regulation of prostitution , dealt with the issues of pleasure and the production of goods, campaigned for vegetarianism , fought the war and worked for the idea of ​​peace, and opposed political depravity and capitalism with all my might . "

His pastoral goal was initially to help people to lead a natural life and to work towards a change in their personal lifestyle. Ude lived consistently - which he also demanded from others. He was a staunch non-smoker, a vegetarian and a total abstainer . Ude initially saw vegetarianism as the basis for social and economic recovery and the fulfillment of Christian values. Vegetarianism could - in view of its economic advantages in terms of land use and the savings in manpower and time - make an important contribution to the elimination of capitalism. However, the more he studied economics, the more it became clear to him that the root cause of capitalism lies deeper and cannot be combated by appeals to change behavior. He made contact with the free economy movement , which was able to win him over to its goals through its free money and free land theory . In his writings he formulated, among other things: "Whoever stands up for the exploitation-free economy, and every Christian should stand up for it, cannot avoid the free money, according to our conviction." At another point, Ude wrote: economically and culturally of downright fundamental importance. "

Ude's eagerness to publish, and even more so his legendary talent for speech, caused a considerable stir and a high level of awareness. His commitment to a steadily radicalizing pacifism and anti-capitalism increasingly aroused the displeasure of the church hierarchy until it finally broke.

In 1962 he led Hans-Joachim Führer , a son of Silvio Gesell , to the Catholic faith and baptized him.

Publications (selection)

Main fonts (books)

  • The creation of the world , Graz: Styria 1923, 2nd edition, 145 pp.
  • Materie und Leben , Graz: Styria 1923, 2nd edition, 145 pp.
  • The economic ideal of the national and national budget: A monograph of the national and national budget from the economic-ethical point of view on the basis of Christian life reform (dissertation), Graz: Styria 1924, 530 pp.
  • The ideal citizen and his business ethics , Klagenfurt: W. Merkel 1928, 199 + XII p.
  • Sociology: Guide to the naturally reasonable social and economic theory in the sense of the teaching of St. Thomas von Aquin , Schaan: Alpenland-Verlag 1931, 3rd edition, 396 pp.
  • Money: Its influence on society, economy and culture , Gams, St. Gallen: Siegfried-Verlag 1935, 278 pp.
  • You should not kill! , Dornbirn: H. Mayer 1948, 423 pp.

Shorthands and essays

1917-1938

  • Alcohol and immorality , 6., verb. Ed., In: Zeit- und Streitschriften, No. 2 (1917).
  • People in need! An open word against national hatred and against the warmongers , Graz, self-published 1918.
  • The banknote press and the economic and moral ruin of Austria , Graz, self-published 1921, 23 pp.
  • The foundations of the reconstruction of the states and the social policy program of the future , Graz: Österreichs Völkerwacht, 3rd improved edition, no year [1925], 24 pp.
  • The neglect of youth: the legitimate and illegitimate child before the moral law , Graz: Österreichs Völkerwacht, 3rd edition, undated [1925], 36 pp.
  • Own home and land for every family , Graz: Österreichs Volkswacht no year [approx. 1925], 26 pp.
  • Natural way of life or starvation , Graz: Österreichs Völkerwacht, 3rd increased edition of "Brotnot - Milchnot - Why?", Undated [1925], 26 pp.
  • Down with capitalism: Interest is theft , Graz: Österreichs Völkerwacht n.d. [1925], 24 pp.
  • Do you want your own home and land? The settlement concept based on insurance , Graz 1925.
  • The solution of the social question through Christ (speeches and writings), Graz, Leipzig: L. Stocker o. J. [1926], 79 pp.
  • You shouldn't butcher! (Christianity and Schächtfrage) , in: Journal for People's Morality and Public Enlightenment , 3rd year, 1st issue / 1929.
  • Vivisection and vivisectors before the judge's seat of the moral law , in: Zeitschrift für Volkssittlichkeit und Volksaufkligung , (24 pages), 3rd year, 2nd issue / 1929.
  • The moral nonsense , Graz: self-published n.d. [approx. 1930], 47 pp.
  • Property - Capitalism - Christianity , Graz, Leipzig: L. Stocker, 1930: 47 pp.
  • Germany and the Peace , Berlin: E. Lewy 1931, 15 p., In: Die Jugendtribüne , 3rd year, No. 3 (1931).
  • Nationalismus, Sozialismus, Pazifismus (1933), in: Zeitschrift für Volkssittlichkeit und Volksaufklerung , vol. 6, issue 1/2, 88 pp.
  • Austria and Germany: Overcoming the economic hardship for the völkisch rebirth of our German people (1933), in: Zeitschrift für Volkssittlichkeit und Volksaufkligung, No. 7, 31 pp.
  • The great misery of our time and its overcoming , Schönlinde (Czechoslovakia): Verlag der Freiwirtschaftlichenbewegung in the Czechoslovak Republic 1934, new edition after the ban and confiscation in Austria, 32 pp.
  • FFF: Money or Gold? (1934), in: Zeitschrift für Volkssittlichkeit und Volksaufkligung, vol. 7, issue 2, 45 pp.
  • Second open letter to the Duce Mussolini (1935), in: Wiler Bote .
  • Prof. Dr. Ude in court: His defense speech , Bern: Verlag des Pestalozzi-Fellenberg-Haus 1935, 27 p. (In: Freiwirtschaftliche Zeitung , Switzerland).
  • Thoughts on the renewal of the German people , 2nd edition, 28 p., In: Zeitschrift für Volkssittlichkeit und Volksaufklerung , 9th year, 5/1936, Gams, St. Gallen: Siegfried-Verlag.
  • Society and economy presented in guiding principles from "Rerum novarum" and "Quadragesimo anno" , in: Zeitschrift für Volkssittlichkeit und Volksaufkligung , 9th year, No. 4, 1936, 47 pp.
  • Christianity or Interest Economy? , Bern: Verlag des Pestalozzi-Fellenberg-Haus 1938, 57 pp.
  • Redeschule , Bern: Verlag des Pestalozzi-Fellenberg-Haus, 4th edition 1938, 93 pp.
  • Letter to Governor and Gauleiter of Styria Dr. Uiberreither , November 11, 1938, Graz

After 1945

  • The money. Currency issues and currency bungling , in: Blätter für Demokratie, Politik und Wirtschaft , 1.Jg., No. 1, Salzburg: Friedensverlag 1946, 63 pp.
  • The right to work , Salzburg: Friedensverlag 1946, in: Blätter für Menschenrechte , No. 2, 18 pp.
  • With Christ against the Death Penalty (sermon on October 13, 1946), Grundlsee: duplicated manuscript, 3 pp.
  • Natural Law, Christianity and Democracy (1947), in: Blätter für Demokratie, Politik und Wirtschaft , Vol. 1, No. 3, Salzburg: Friedensverlag, 45 pp.
  • The right to property , Salzburg: Friedensverlag 1947, 20 pp.
  • The right to personal freedom , Salzburg: Friedensverlag 1947, 24 pp.
  • The social planned economy , Salzburg: Friedensverlag 1947, in: Blätter für Demokratie, Politik und Wirtschaft , Vol. 1, No. 2, 26 pp.
  • The natural law foundations of free economics (1948), in: Ifu (Hrsg.): Der Wiederaufbau des Abendlandes , Lüdenscheid: Selbstverlag 1947, pp. 21-29.
  • Lifestyle and Christianity , Grundlsee: Selbstverlag no year [approx. 1948], 16 pp.
  • The path to international peace and the creation of a world government (speech at the first advisory meeting of the Convention of Nations in Geneva, December 1950 / January 1951), Bad Aussee: Selbstverlag 1951, 9 pp.
  • My message to the International Congress for Peace in Vienna , Grundlsee: self-published 1952, 8 pp.
  • I - a communist? , Grundlsee: self-published 1952, 2 pp.
  • My message to the third world religion peace congress in 1954 in Japan , Grundlsee: Selbstverlag 1954, 22 pp.
  • The civil right of conscientious objection. Peace and the way to peace. Two speeches given at the Bundestag of the German Peace Society in Heidelberg in October 1956.
  • Suez Canal problem or global hunger problem - which is more important? , Mattighofen: A. Aumayer 1956, 19 pp.
  • From the fifth commandment of God to forced military service , Vienna: Sensen-Verlag 1956, 16 pp.
  • Christian moral theologians as helpers of capitalism: A textbook example of capitalist exploitative economy , Brüggen (Niederrhein): Naturschutz-Verlag 1957, 24 pp.
  • Atomic Götzendämmerung - The day X. Metanoéite: An SOS call to all of humanity , Grundlsee: Selbstverlag 1958, 20 pp.
  • The crime of nuclear armament and nuclear war (lecture on June 25, 1958), Graz: reproduced manuscript 1958, 20 pp.
  • Catholic worker writes to Pope Pius XII. in: Der Rundblick , 8/1958.
  • Nature, plants, animals and humans according to divine order: A brief consideration of the universe with special consideration of the duties of humans towards their entire environment , Grundlsee: Selbstverlag 1958, 42 pp.
  • An order is an order - right? , Grundlsee: self-published 1959, 14 pp.
  • Complete disarmament for the good of humanity. A radio lecture . Self-published 1959, 8 pp.
  • The animal as part of creation , Grundlsee: Selbstverlag 1960, 36 pp.
  • Three SOS calls! , Grundlsee: self-published n.d. [approx. 1960], 31 pp.
  • Message to all friends of peace belonging to the “Union of German Peace Associations” , Grundlsee: Selbstverlag 1961, 16 pp.
  • Open SOS call. To the entire Viennese population, but at the same time also addressed to the population of all places in the whole world in which nuclear reactors have already been or are currently being built , Grundlsee 1961.
  • Atomic science, atomic scientist and their appendix before the judge's seat of the moral law (open letter to Fritz Regulator ), Grundlsee: Selbstverlag 1962, 96 pp.
  • “Armed” or “Unarmed” Neutrality? , Grundlsee: self-published 1962, 10 p.
  • The commandment "You shall not kill" applies without exception , Grundlsee: Selbstverlag 1962, 29 pp.
  • Serve one another: Open SOS call to everyone, whether Christian or non-Christian , Grundlsee: Selbstverlag 1962, 16 pp.
  • Murderers among us! , Grundlsee: self-published 1963, 37 pp.
  • State - Church - Christianity - Individuals and their relationship to one another , Grundlsee: Selbstverlag 1963, 48 pp.
  • Christian or Antichrist: Either Christ or Atomic Bomb! , Grundlsee: self-published 1964, 62 pp.
  • We know in order to want (with an appendix “The moral reprehensibility of the duel and the scale”), Grundlsee: Selbstverlag 1964, 34 pp.
  • Do you want to be healthy? , Winterthur: DLZ 1976, 59 pp.
  • Against atomic demons, for reflection . Vienna: Wiener Kath. Akad. 1983, 14 pp.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Lothar Höbelt: The Heimwehren 1927–1929: Styria and the federal government. in: Zeitschrift des Historisches Verein für Steiermark, No. 104, Graz 2013, pp. 219–264, here p. 244, note 127
  2. ↑ Reinhard Farkas: Johannes Ude and the official church: Chronology and analysis of a conflict . In: Steiermärkisches Landesarchiv (Hrsg.): Communications of the Steiermärkisches Landesarchiv . tape 47 , 1997, pp. 259–262 ( online on the Landesarchiv website [PDF; 4.2 MB ]).
  3. ↑ Election of the Austrian Federal President 1951 (PDF; 3.9 MB); Accessed July 26, 2010
  4. ↑ Johannes Ude: Das Geld - His influence on society, economy and culture , Garms 1935, p. 172.
  5. ↑ Johannes Ude: Das Geld - His influence on society, economy and culture , Garms 1935, p. 242.
personal data
SURNAME Ude, Johannes
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian Roman Catholic priest
DATE OF BIRTH February 28, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH St. Kanzian am Klopeiner See , Carinthia
DATE OF DEATH July 7, 1965
Place of death Grundlsee , Styria