Ernst Haiger

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Ernst Haiger, around 1910

Ernst Haiger (born June 10, 1874 in Mülheim an der Ruhr ; † March 15, 1952 in Wiesbaden ) was a German architect .

Life

Haiger studied at the Technical University of Munich with Professors Josef Bühlmann, August Thiersch and Friedrich von Thiersch ; this was his most important teacher and sponsor. Haiger was a successful architect from a young age. A design by the student for the Leipzig Monument to the Battle of the Nations was shortlisted for the competition. In the Munich Glaspalast exhibition in 1898, the designs for villas and room furnishings caused a sensation. They were designed together with Henry Helbig, with whom Haiger ran a joint studio until 1903. From 1905 he worked for the Munich United Workshops for Art in Crafts , whose reorganization was entrusted to him in 1920 together with Rudolf Alexander Schröder and Paul Ludwig Troost . In 1917 the Bavarian King awarded him the title of professor. After the First World War, his order situation deteriorated. Haiger joined the NSDAP in 1932. After 1933 he received several orders as part of the restructuring of Munich planned by Hitler. The major projects - the theater and concert hall - were not built, interior designs were implemented: casino in the “Führerbau” on Königsplatz, bar and pub in the Haus der Kunst , representation rooms in the city's guest house. In 1938 the German pavilion at the Venice Biennale was rebuilt according to his design. In 1944 he was included in the “ God-gifted list ” of 1041 artists, including 51 architects, who were “released from the Wehrmacht and labor”, which was “more of theoretical interest” for 70-year-old Haiger and other elderly people. After the end of the war, Haiger lived in Wiesbaden and designed a few smaller buildings there without building an office again.

architecture

Haiger created v. a. Designs for noble villas, the reconstruction of castles, interiors and grave monuments. A project he has been promoting since 1907 for a monumental “symphony house” in the form of a temple for the quasi-cult performance of Beethoven's symphonies, v. a. the ninth ("All-human, all-embracing the temple, the Apollonian total work of art of the future, will unite humanity for the festival of joy") was never realized. The orchestra should be invisible, which was discussed a lot at the time (and had already been implemented in the Bayreuth Festspielhaus ). The project met with widespread approval; the board and honorary committee of an association founded in 1913 for its support included well-known musicians and architects. The planned realization in Stuttgart as a festival hall not only for Beethoven symphonies failed because of the First World War, as did a new attempt after the war under the protectorate of Gerhart Hauptmann .

The earliest works, presented as joint works by Helbig and Haiger, belong to the reform movement against historicism . Back then, the designs for small country houses and furniture based on the Biedermeier style that were exhibited in 1898 were unusually simple. Shortly afterwards, eccentric Art Nouveau designs with strongly colored facades followed, such as the well-known tenement houses in Munich-Schwabing (see below). Haiger soon turned away from Art Nouveau, a free adaptation of style elements from the 18th and early 19th centuries is characteristic of his later designs. In his designs for large buildings from the Nazi era - modified by Hitler's intervention - there are elements of Troost's neoclassicism ( fluted pillars, right-angled profiles).

Buildings and interior design

Ernst Haiger and Henry Helbig, Munich Ainmillerstr. 22nd
Villa de Osa in Berg near Starnberg
German Pavilion, Giardini della Biennale, Venice
  • 1899: Apartment building for the builder Felix Schmidt , Ainmillerstraße 22 in Munich- Schwabing (with Henry Helbig)
  • 1899: Apartment building for the builder Felix Schmidt, Römerstraße 11 in Munich-Schwabing (with Henry Helbig)
  • 1902: Palais Freyberg, Karolinenplatz 5a in Munich (with Henry Helbig), renovation (changed)
  • 1907: Schwabhof Manor, Zedlitzstrasse 16a in Augsburg
  • 1908: Villa Böhm, Mommsenstraße 3 in Dresden (heavily changed)
  • 1908: War memorial “in the vicinity of Sedan ”, probably in a military cemetery
  • 1909: Villa for Augusta de Osa , Münchner Straße 27 in Kempfenhausen on Lake Starnberg (changed entrance)
  • 1910: Villa for Eduard Reiss , Stauffenbergstrasse 48 in Tübingen
  • 1911: House for Alexander Prentzel , Lortzingstrasse 1a in Koblenz-Oberwerth (heavily modified)
  • 1911: Reconstruction of the castle or manor house for the Majorate Lord of Bergwelt-Baildon on Gut Ober Lubie, district of Lubie (renamed in Hohenlieben in 1936 ) ( district of Tost-Gleiwitz , Upper Silesia); Polish: Lubie beiupliceice
  • 1913: Evangelical parish hall, Saarbrücker Straße 2a in (Saarbrücken-) Brebach (heavily changed, converted)
  • 1913: Schaesberg family crypt in Tannheim (Württemberg)
  • 1914: Villa Bunsenstrasse 5 (Remmen house) in Mülheim an der Ruhr
  • 1922: Villa for Frederico de Osa, Am Seehang 5 in Berg-Kempfenhausen
  • 1923: Villa Kannegießer, Heilmannstrasse 47 in Munich
  • 1924: Villa Junghans, Roggenbachstrasse 6 in Villingen-Schwenningen
  • 1928: Installation of a crypt chapel for August Thyssen at Landsberg Castle in Ratingen
  • 1929: Villa von Schertel , Rosselstraße 19 in Wiesbaden (today the service villa of the Hessian Prime Minister)
  • 1937: Casino in the "Führerbau" on Königsplatz in Munich (not preserved)
  • 1938: Bar and pub in the "House of German Art", Prinzregentenstrasse 1 in Munich (the wall design of the "Golden Bar" restored; the furnishings in the pub not preserved)
  • 1938: Representation rooms in the guest house of the city of Munich
  • 1938: reconstruction of the German pavilion at the Biennale in Venice
  • 1952: Villa Henkell, Rosselstrasse 20 in Wiesbaden

Fonts

  • About the artistic tasks in architecture. (two-part article) In: Deutsche Bauzeitung , 37th year 1903, p. 150 / 38th year 1904, p. 289 f.
  • The temple, the Apollonian work of art of the future. In: Die Musik , VI, Volume 24 (1906–1907), pp. 350–356.
  • Temple and Symphony. Eugen Diederichs, Jena 1910.

literature

  • Ernst Haiger, grave monuments and row tombstones. Explanatory text by [W.] von Grolmann. Berlin 1907. (with 50 plates)
  • Ernst Haiger, with an appreciation from Herman Sörgel . Munich 1930. (illustrated book)
  • Heinrich Habel u. a .: Munich facades. Town houses of historicism and art nouveau. (= Materials on the Art of the Nineteenth Century , Volume 11.) Prestel, Munich 1974, ISBN 3-7913-0048-2 .
  • Heinrich Habel u. a. (Arrangement): Munich. (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , Monuments in Bavaria , Volume I.1.) Munich 1985.
  • Gerhard Schober: Early villas and country houses on Lake Starnberg. Waakirchen-Schaftlach 1998.
  • Gerhard J. Bellinger , Brigittegler-Bellinger : Schwabings Ainmillerstraße and its most important residents. A representative example of Munich's city history from 1888 to today. Books on Demand GmbH, Norderstedt 2003, page 213-216 - ISBN 3-8330-0747-8 ; 2nd edition 2012, ISBN 978-3-8482-2883-6 ; E-Book 2013, ISBN 978-3-8482-6264-9 .
  • Ernst Haiger (jun.): Haiger, Ernst . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 68, de Gruyter, Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-598-23035-6 , p. 20 f.
  • Heinrich Kreisel: The Art of German Furniture. Volume 3 (edited by Georg Himmelträger ) 2nd edition, Munich 1983.
  • Winfried Nerdinger (Ed.): Architecture Guide Munich. Dietrich Reimer, Berlin 2001.
  • Hans-Peter Rasp: A city for 1000 years. Munich, buildings and projects for the capital of movement. Munich 1981.
  • Piergiacomo Bucciarelli: L'abitare eclettico di Ernst Haiger all soglie del Moderno. In: Opus, Quaderno di storia dell'architettura e restauro , 7, 2003, pp. 439–452.
  • Piergiacomo Bucciarelli: Ernst Haiger - the anti-modernist. In: Baumeister , 111th year 2014, issue 6 (June 2014), pages 28–34.
  • Uta Hassler, Korbinian Kainz: Questions of style and representation of the state. In: Alex Lehnerer, Savvas Ciriacidis (ed.): Bungalow Germania. German Pavilion - 14th International Architecture Exhibition. La Biennale Venezia 2014. Ostfildern 2014, pp. 89–123.

Web links

Commons : Ernst Haiger  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ German competitions , 7th year 1897, issue 1 (= No. 73), p. 23
  2. ^ Ernst Klee : The culture lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945. S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , p. 212.
  3. ↑ Oliver Rathkolb: Loyal to the Führer and God-Grace. Artist elite in the Third Reich. Vienna 1991, p. 173 f.
  4. ↑ Haiger, Temple
  5. ↑ Thomas Heyden: Biedermeier as an educator. Studies on the Neubiedermeier in spatial art and architecture 1896–1910. Weimar 1994, pp. 83-86.
  6. ↑ Inauguration planned for the beginning of October 1908 according to: Süddeutsche Bauzeitung , 5th year 1908, No. 19 (from May 9, 1908), p. 156.
  7. ^ Villa de Osa
  8. ^ Art and the beautiful home , 28th year 1913, p. 205.
  9. ^ "G.": The German art exhibition building in Venice. In: Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung , Volume 58, 1938, No. 44, pp. 1192–1194.
personal data
SURNAME Haiger, Ernst
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect
DATE OF BIRTH June 10, 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH Mülheim an der Ruhr
DATE OF DEATH March 15, 1952
Place of death Wiesbaden