Gerhart Hauptmann

Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann (born November 15, 1862 in Ober Salzbrunn in Silesia , † June 6, 1946 in Agnieszków , German: Agnetendorf in Lower Silesia ) was a German playwright and writer . He is considered the most important German exponent of naturalism , but has also integrated other styles into his work. In 1912 he received the Nobel Prize for Literature .

Gerhart Hauptmann, photograph by Nicola Perscheid (1914)

Life

Childhood and adolescence

Hauptmann's birthplace in Obersalzbrunn , 2005

Father Robert Hauptmann with his son Gerhart

Gerhart Hauptmann was born in Obersalzbrunn, Lower Silesia, in 1862. His parents were the married couple Robert (1824–1898) and Marie Hauptmann, née Straehler (1827–1906), who ran a hotel on site. Hauptmann had three older siblings: Georg (1853–1899), Johanna (1856–1943) and Carl (1858–1921). In the neighborhood the young captain was known to be fabulous . He later changed his nickname Gerhard to Gerhart.

From 1868 he attended the village school, from April 10, 1874 the secondary school in Breslau , for which he had barely passed the aptitude test. Hauptmann had difficulties getting used to the new surroundings of the big city; Together with his brother Carl, he first lived in a shabby school boarding house before they found accommodation with a pastor. In addition, everyday school life , which was influenced by Prussia , caused him problems. He was particularly bothered by the harshness of the teachers and the better treatment of the noble classmates. A resulting aversion and numerous illnesses, because of which he could not attend classes, meant that Hauptmann had to repeat the first year. He joined a "youth league" that developed utopian plans . A new social order should be created with a nudist culture and freedom of love, far from the constraints and prejudices of the Wilhelmine present. "The motto that has always accompanied us was: return to nature". An alternative settlement was to be established overseas, of the kind that was free-spirited years later on the Monte Verità of Ascona. Over time, however, he came to appreciate Breslau for the opportunity to visit the theater.

In the spring of 1878 Hauptmann left secondary school to become an agricultural trainee on the estate of his uncle Gustav Schubert in Lohnig (today Łagniewniki Średzkie near Udanin ), and from autumn in the nearby Lederose (today Różana ). After a year and a half, he had to drop out of the apprenticeship. He was physically unable to cope with the work and had contracted a lung disease that put his life at risk several times over the next twenty years.

Studying and being a sculptor

Hohenhaus in Zitzschewig, today Radebeul (museum association)

Gerhart Hauptmann (right) and Marie Thienemann, 1881

After his attempt to pass the “ one-year exam” had failed , Hauptmann entered the sculpture class at the Royal Art and Trade School in Wroclaw in October 1880 . Here he met Josef Block , with whom he had a deep friendship throughout his life. After a temporary exclusion due to “bad behavior and insufficient diligence” and soon resumption (on the recommendation of Professor Robert Härtel ), Hauptmann left the university in 1882. For the wedding of his brother Georg with the Radebeul merchant's daughter Adele Thienemann, he wrote the small festival of love spring , which took place on bachelorette party was premiered at Hohenhaus . At the wedding he met the bride's sister, Marie Thienemann . He secretly became engaged to her, and from then on Marie supported him financially, and this enabled him to begin studying philosophy and literary history at the University of Jena in the winter semester of 1882/83 , which he soon broke off as well.

Marie then financed a trip to the Mediterranean for him that he took with Carl. He decided to settle in Rome as a sculptor, but he did not succeed. His attempts to gain a foothold in the German community of Rome failed, and his larger than life clay sculpture of a Germanic warrior collapsed. Hauptmann returned to Germany disappointed and began to study drawing at the Royal Academy in Dresden , which he did not finish, nor did a subsequent study of history at the University of Berlin . He devoted his interest to theater rather than studies.

Marriage to Marie Thienemann - beginning as a writer

The Villa Lassen in Erkner (museum association)

Captain, 1898

After his engagement in autumn 1881, Gerhart Hauptmann finally married Marie Thienemann vom Hohenhaus from Radebeul on May 5, 1885 in the Johanneskirche in Dresden . In July they made their honeymoon to Rügen together with Hauptmann's brother Carl and his wife Martha (another sister of Marie, married in 1884) . They visited the island of Hiddensee for the first time , which was to become a popular travel destination for Hauptmann in the future. Because city life gave him lung problems, Hauptmann and his wife lived in Erkner in the Villa Lassen for the next four years . Her three sons Ivo (1886–1973), Eckart (1887–1980) and Klaus (1889–1967) were born there. In 1889, Hauptmann moved to Schlueterstrasse 78 in Charlottenburg near Berlin. There he got in touch with the naturalistic literature association Durch , which included Karl Bleibtreu and Wilhelm Bölsche .

During a stay in Zurich at Whitsun 1888 he met the nature preacher Johannes Guttzeit , who became the model for him for the story The Apostle . Under his influence and that of the psychiatrist, brain researcher and alcohol opponent Auguste Forel , Hauptmann transformed himself for a time into a life reformer and abstainer. This theme went into the figure of Loth in his drama Before Sunrise , which gave him his breakthrough as a playwright. The theatrical scandal surrounding this naturalistic piece made him known in Berlin and beyond.

In 1891 Hauptmann moved into the house he had bought together with his brother Carl in Schreiberhau in the Silesian Giant Mountains . Today there is a museum in the house, a branch of the Giant Mountains Museum in Jelenia Góra . Contemporary Polish art from the Giant Mountains is shown there. A small exhibition commemorates the Hauptmann brothers. The museum is a member of the Gerhart Hauptmann museum association .

On the title page of Modern Poetry, Volume II, Issue 1, July 1, 1890

From 1890 onwards, Hauptmann's other dramas were The Peace Festival (1890), Lonely People (1891) and The Beaver Fur (1893). He also wrote comedies such as his colleague Crampton (1891), but only with Der Biberpelz did he “successfully and convincingly incorporate the social concerns of naturalism”.

In his drama Die Weber , which he wrote for the most part in Schreiberhau , Gerhart Hauptmann processed the uprising of the Silesian weavers of 1844. The social accusation he formulated in his drama triggered a tremor in 1892. The drama helped Hauptmann - in the performances of Otto Brahms " Free Stage " - to achieve a breakthrough and was lively welcomed by Theodor Fontane .

In 1893 Margarete Marschalk became Hauptmann's lover. In order to gain distance, Marie and her sons went on board the Fürst Bismarck to Alfred Ploetz in the United States of America in January 1894 . Hauptmann prepared the French premiere of Hanneles Himmelfahrt in Paris and traveled to his family without waiting for the premiere and returned - apparently reconciled - with Marie in May 1894. But the crack could no longer be bridged. After several years of separation, the couple divorced in July 1904. In the same year he married Margarete Marschalk, with whom he had a son. His name is Benvenuto (1900–1965, father of Anja Hauptmann ). Despite the divorce, Marie lived until 1909 in the Villa Rautendelein in Dresden- Blasewitz, which was built by Hauptmann in 1899 . His second marriage to Margarete Marschalk lasted until his death and only briefly got into a serious crisis, 1905/06, due to his liaison with the 16-year-old actress Ida Orloff.

Honors and engagement for the world war

Caricature by Arpad Schmidhammer (around 1900)

The Wiesenstein House in Agnetendorf (museum association)

Gerhart Hauptmann, painting by Lovis Corinth (1900)

In 1905 Hauptmann was one of the first of 31 members of the Berlin section in the Society for Racial Hygiene of Alfred Ploetz .

In 1905 Gerhart Hauptmann was made an honorary member of the Berlin Secession . The letter from Hans Baluschek was signed by Fritz Rhein, Ludwig Stutz, Leo von König, Hans Dammann, Max Liebermann, Heinrich Hübner, Fritz Klimsch, Georg Kolbe, Robert Breyer, Ulrich Hübner, Walter Leistikow, Ernst Oppler, Jacob Alberts, Käthe Kollwitz and August Endell.

Official honors began around the turn of the century. Hauptmann received the Austrian Grillparzer Prize three times , as well as an honorary doctorate from the University of Leipzig (1909) and the Worcester College of the University of Oxford (1905). In 1912 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature “primarily in recognition of his fruitful and multifaceted work in the field of dramatic poetry” .

Kaiser Wilhelm II did not appreciate the “social democratic” poet. He vetoed the award of the Schiller Prize to Hauptmann (for Hanneles Ascension ) in 1896. At the instigation of his son, Crown Prince Wilhelm , Hauptmann's festival in Wroclaw was canceled in German rhymes in 1913 because the centenary of the Wars of Liberation was not celebrated with cheer patriotism, but with pacifist accents. The same Gerhart Hauptmann, however, who literally buried the bogeyman of militarism at the festival , was one of the many who supported the First World War a year later . He signed the manifesto of 93 and published corresponding occasional verses (which read like involuntary satires and which he later crossed out with his own hand in the manuscript). In 1915 Wilhelm II awarded him the Red Eagle Order IV class - the lowest level of this order.

Representative poet of Germany

The Seedorn House on Hiddensee, acquired and expanded by Hauptmann in 1929 (museum association)

Gerhart Hauptmann portrayed by Hugo Erfurth , 1929

Gerhart Hauptmann with his wife Margarete, 1932

Hauptmann's war euphoria soon changed. He took part in a declaration signed by numerous intellectuals, which was published in the Berliner Tageblatt on November 16, 1918 and expressed solidarity with the republic . The fact that Hauptmann was considering a candidacy for President of the Reich was denied in 1921, but the office of Reich Chancellor was offered to him. In the following year he was the first to be awarded the eagle shield of the German Empire . At that time, the demand for Hauptmann's works was already declining, so that he made films and serial novels in order to maintain his standard of living . Nevertheless, he enjoyed great popularity. Abroad, he was regarded as the ultimate representative of German literature. In 1932, because of the Goethe year, he went on a lecture tour through the USA , on which he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Columbia University . He also received the Goethe Prize from the city of Frankfurt am Main. On the occasion of his 70th birthday, he received several honorary citizenships; there were numerous exhibitions and, above all, many performances of his works with well-known actors. Max Reinhardt designed the world premiere of Before Sunset .

From 1926 to 1943 Hauptmann lived with his family in Kloster on Hiddensee during the summer months .

From 1922 to 1933, Elisabeth Jungmann was a secretary, administrator and translator (Hauptmann simply called her “helper”) and was the confidante of the Hauptmann household. When Jungmann switched to Rudolf G. Binding , Erhart Kästner took over the position.

Work in the time of National Socialism

After the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists , on March 16, 1933, Hauptmann signed a declaration of loyalty to the German Academy of Poetry, section of the Prussian Academy of Arts . In the summer of the same year he applied for membership in the NSDAP , but his application was rejected by the local party offices. Hauptmann's extensive examination of Adolf Hitler's book Mein Kampf falls during the same period ; his copy, which is rich in markings, notes and comments, is now in the Hauptmann Library of the Berlin State Library .

Hauptmann was “not a party man”, but he was “receptive to the fascination emanating from Hitler”, whom he still publicly proclaimed in 1942 as the “star bearer of Germanism”. It was not until “in the final phase of the war, in January 1945” that Hitler became for him the “apocalyptic demon of the times”. Overall, his relationship to Nazi politics is characterized by ambivalence. He calls the victory over France the “greatest moment in modern world history”. He criticizes anti-Semitism, but not publicly. Hauptmann seems to have repressed practical anti-Semitism, for example, in letters he ignored the political pressure that forced Jewish acquaintances to emigrate and in 1938 noted in his diary about the “Anschluss” of Austria in his diary: “I must finally have this sentimental 'Jewish question' for myself completely and even dismiss it: there are more important, higher German things at stake - and you can feel the size and strength of the organization. "

Hauptmann enjoyed a high reputation among the population, which is why the National Socialists did everything to keep the writer in the country and to use it for their own purposes, despite the emigration of numerous professional colleagues. Nevertheless, a distance between National Socialism and Hauptmann cannot be overlooked. The Rosenberg office wrote in a statement in 1942: "Despite all recognition of Hauptmann's artistic creative power, the ideological attitude of most of his works must be viewed critically from the National Socialist point of view." The censorship of Reich Propaganda Minister Goebbels also watched over Hauptmann's work. For example, Goebbels banned a new edition of The Shot in the Park because it featured a black woman. Hauptmann, on the other hand, was told that a new print was not possible due to a lack of paper. In addition, the film adaptations of The Beaver Fur and Before Sunrise were censored and the film adaptation of Schluck und Jau was prohibited. Nevertheless, on Hauptmann's 80th birthday, there were honors, anniversary celebrations and performances with the participation of representatives of the National Socialist regime. Hauptmann was given the first copies of the 17-volume complete edition of his works by his publishers Peter Suhrkamp and CFW Behl , which - after Goebbels refused to print - was presented by Suhrkamp Verlag. S. Fischer ( S. Fischer Verlag / Suhrkamp Verlag ) in Haarlem, on paper obtained in Holland.

In 1944 his great old work appeared, the Atriden-Tetralogie , on which he had worked for four years and which included Iphigenia in Delphi , Iphigenia in Aulis , Agamemnon's death and Elektra . In August 1944, Adolf Hitler not only included him in the God-gifted list , but also as one of the six most important writers in the special lists of irreplaceable artists, which freed Hauptmann from all war obligations.

During the air raid on Dresden on February 13, 1945, Hauptmann and his wife Margarete stayed in Weidner's sanatorium in the Wachwitz district (on the outskirts of the city at the time) because he had to cure severe pneumonia. About the inferno he said: “Anyone who has forgotten how to cry will learn it again when Dresden went down. [...] I stand at the exit gate of life and envy all my dead comrades who were spared this experience. "Hauptmann experienced the end of the war in his house" Wiesenstein "in Agnetendorf in Silesia.

Death and conviction

After the war, Silesia came under Polish administration; Hauptmann's stay was temporarily made possible by a letter of protection from the Soviet cultural officer, Colonel Sokolov. Exactly one year later, on April 7, 1946, Captain von Sokolow was personally informed that the Polish government was now also insisting on his resettlement. Before being evicted, however, he fell seriously ill and died of bronchitis on June 6th. His last words are said to have been: “Am I still in my house?” Contrary to his will in his will, Hauptmann was not buried in his homeland. An official letter from the Soviet administration in favor of the writer, who was highly venerated in the Soviet Union, also proved ineffective. The family was only allowed to take their belongings with them. Just an hour after his death, members of the Polish militia had gathered in front of the windows of the Wiesenstein and expressed their satisfaction directly under the death room.

Hauptmann's body was kept in a zinc coffin and placed in the study of his house. The approval for the assured departure in a special train was a long time coming. More than a month after the death, representatives of the Soviet administration asked the Polish administration to transfer the remains, also because of the hygienic conditions. A few days later the coffin was then taken to Germany. The journey of the train is reconstructed in the documentary Hauptmann-Transport by Mathias Blochwitz.

Captain's tombstone in the monastery on Hiddensee, 2008

Wilhelm Pieck , the poet Johannes R. Becher and the Soviet cultural officer Tjulpanow spoke at a funeral service in Stralsund . On the morning of July 28th, before sunrise and 52 days after his death, Hauptmann was buried in the Inselfriedhof in Kloster auf Hiddensee. The poet's widow mixed a bag of Giant Mountains soil with sand from the Baltic Sea.

Shortly after his death there were numerous funeral ceremonies, where many intellectuals of the time spoke up, including Ivo Hauptmann , who said the following in the Hamburg City Hall on July 4, 1946: "He is lying, according to his wishes, in a pine coffin, dressed in the monk's robe that a Franciscan gave him 40 years ago in Soana. Before his death he often had it handed to him to familiarize himself with it. Home earth, a small New Testament, in his possession from childhood, his poetry The great dream and the hymn of praise of St. Francis of Assisi lie in his coffin. "

In 1951 a granite block was unveiled as a tombstone. According to Hauptmann's request, it only bears his name. In 1983 the urn of Margarete Hauptmann, who died in 1957, was buried in her husband's grave.

plant

In an address to the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna on March 24, 1905, Hauptmann declared: “There were always many voices inside me, and I saw no other way of creating some order than polyphonic sentences: Dramas too write. ”(Centenar edition, vol. 6, p. 689). The drama forms the center of his work; but other genres are also continuously present in all epochs of life: poetry and verse as well as narrative, autobiographical and essayistic prose. The generic boundaries are sometimes fluent - both formal (some stage works are verse dramas, "dramatic poem" so to speak) and thematically: the complex of ideas Pippa - When - Merlin - Galahad was processed alternately dramatic and narrative with strong changes to Eulenspiegel -Stoff In addition to the verse epic, there are also scene fragments, the novel Atlantis was temporarily planned as a drama, etc.

Influences

In the Berlin avant-garde association Durch, from 1885 onwards, Hauptmann met various representatives of naturalism who had a decisive influence on him. The association relied on historical models from Sturm und Drang , on which the group around the Hart brothers in particular orientated, up to the pre- March period . Aesthetic issues, idealism , realism and naturalistic movement were discussed at the sessions . Gerhart Hauptmann gave a lecture on Georg Büchner, who was largely forgotten at the time . This can also be used to justify his naturalistic inclination. In addition, an influence of the work of Friedrich Nietzsche , with which Hauptmann (on the advice of the Danish literary critic Georg Brandes ) dealt intensively from November 1889, is discussed (especially in Die versunkene Glocke ) .

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At the end of the 1880s he was confronted with the incipient persecution of the socialists. The law against the endangering efforts of the Social Democrats was passed in the Reichstag in 1878 at Bismarck's endeavors, but was tightened again in 1887. Hauptmann was summoned as a witness before the Breslau court in 1887 because he had been a supporter of the Icarians during his student days , the idea of ​​which goes back to the French communist Étienne Cabet . In 1888 he sought refuge in his brother Carl's house in Zurich so as not to be prosecuted by the courts. There he met the psychiatrist Auguste Forel , whose lectures he attended together with his medical friends Ferdinand Simon (1861-1912), Alfred Ploetz and his brother Carl, and who was decisive for Hauptmann's literary preoccupation with the human psyche, and the nature preacher Johannes Guttzeit , whose life reform ideas were reflected in Before Sunrise . Hauptmann's early dreams of a utopian socialist community were further nourished by visits to the dropout colony Monte Verità near Ascona in 1919.

naturalism

Hauptmann's naturalistic work began in Zurich. From here he sent the manuscript for his first naturalistic work Bahnwärter Thiel in Munich, where the critic Michael Georg Conrad was supposed to examine it. With his drama Before Sunrise , which premiered in 1889 , he caused one of the greatest scandals in German theater history. The bourgeois audience was shocked because Hauptmann's play portrayed sexuality and alcoholism frankly. However, it also met the demands of a socially critical drama of the time. According to Franz-Josef Payrhuber , Hauptmann's Before Sunrise is an epoch-making work, but it is not a representative example of naturalistic drama. The Selicke family from Arno Holz and Johannes Schlaf would have received this title . Hauptmann, however, has an important role to play because, with the support of Otto Brahms, he established naturalistic dramas on German stages. For example, 17 Hauptmann premieres took place under Brahms' leadership of the Free Stage , the Deutsches Theater and the Lessing Theater. Due to the numerous performances on various stages all over Germany, naturalism first and foremost received a broad impact and socially critical impetus.

Poster for Die Weber , color lithograph by Emil Orlik (1897)

With his most important drama Die Weber (1891/92), the realization of which he had already thought about during his stay in Zurich, Hauptmann achieved world fame and reached the climax of his naturalistic creative phase. The weavers were based on the weaving revolts of 1844. Hauptmann undertook long journeys through the Giant Mountains to research . At the end of 1891 he completed the work, initially in the Silesian dialect , in which it is called De Waber . The version approximated to Standard German was completed in March 1892. The Prussian censors forbade the staging by the "Free Stage" because they believed they saw the play as a call to class struggle and in Breslau - in the dialect version - they had bad experiences with its extremely strong effect. In order to enable a production at the Deutsches Theater , Hauptmann had his lawyer explain that the drama should not be understood as a social-democratic party script, but as a poetic appeal to the pity of those in possession. Social democratic circles were enthusiastic about the play - after the performance ban was lifted on October 2, 1893 - but Kaiser Wilhelm II resigned from his box in the Deutsches Theater.

With the drama The Peace Festival. A family catastrophe (1890) angered Hauptmann allegedly Frank Wedekind , who thought he recognized allusions to events from his own life in the play, about which he had reported to the author. Wedekind's reply consisted of the appearance of a poet named Franz Ludwig Meier, who was constantly recording the statements of his friends, in his comedy Die Junge Welt .

On a Christmas Eve in the 1880s, Wilhelm Scholz returned to his parents' house for the first time in years. A quarrel with his father, Fritz Scholz, drove him out of the house years ago. His fiancée, Ida Buchner, and her mother persuaded him to visit. The father, who has been missing for years, appears to be a surprise, as he looks shabby and marked by illness and alcohol. Wilhelm doesn't want to see his father. Nevertheless, he tries to make the evening forgiving. But his cynical brother Robert thwarted his plans. Fritz Scholz dies. Ida is desperate. Wilhelm turns away from her. Even so, she doesn't give up hope of making a happy person out of him.

With the drama Lonely People (1891), according to Konstantin Stanislawski , Hauptmann had a strong influence on Anton Chekhov and Russian drama. Hauptmann resorted to a conflict between his brother Carl, whose relationship with a young Polish woman upset the whole family. Marie Hauptmann, née Thienemann, was the role model for the character of Käthe Vockerat, even if the author's marriage was not in crisis at the time.

The play takes place around 1890 in a country house on Lake Müggelsee . The young scholar Johannes Vockerat and his wife Käthe had their first child. Johannes is not making progress with his scientific work as hoped. When his friend, the painter Braun, receives a visit from the Russian student Anna Mahr, Johannes is entranced by the intelligent, self-confident young woman and invites her to stay with him and his family for a few weeks. For the first time, he found an equal interlocutor in Anna. His family watches the growing familiarity between Johannes and Anna with concern. Kathe suffers because she feels inferior to the clever Anna. Her parents, who are very pious, express moral concerns. Johannes and Anna confess their love to each other, but have to recognize that this love has no future. Anna leaves, Johannes rows out on the lake to kill himself.

The beaver fur received bad reviews. Hauptmann then turned away from the naturalistic representation and devoted himself to mythical-religious and fairy tale subjects . Hanneles Himmelfahrt , Die sunken Glocke and Und Pippa tanzt fell into this creative period .

In 1901 he wrote a sequel to Beaver Fur : The tragic comedy The Red Rooster is set in the same milieu. Compared to beaver fur , however, the playful elements take a back seat in favor of sharper criticism. Mother Wolffen became a widow and remarried. Her name is now Fielitz. She is no longer a native proletarian, but a petty bourgeoisie. Her rising mentality stops at nothing - and again she is not punished for her cheating.

Mother Wolffen is widowed and married the "master shoemaker and police spy" Fielitz. She married her daughter Adelheid to the builder Schmarowski. The second daughter, Leontine, has an illegitimate child, but Ms. Fielitz already has a husband in mind for her - even if he is still married at the moment. Ms. Fielitz's own house is too small. Several houses have recently burned down in the village and the "inconsolable" owners have collected substantial insurance sums. While the Fielitz couple were running errands in Berlin, their house burned down to the ground. The blacksmith and syringe master Langheinrich can only determine the total loss. However, he does not mention that he has found a piece of fuse. The suspicion falls on Gustav, the mentally handicapped son of the retired gendarme Rauchhaupt. The gendarme doesn't want to let that sit on his son, who is locked in an institution, but can't prove anything. Schmarowski can design a spacious new building, which Ms. Fielitz does not see to be completed.

This was followed by the social drama Rose Bernd (1901), the tragic comedy Die Ratten (1911) and the play Before Sunset (1932).

Further tendencies

The sunken bell , illustrated by Heinrich Vogeler , 1898

After the weavers, Peter Sprengel sees three main tendencies in Hauptmann's work . The first tendency is a break with naturalism and a turn to neo-romanticism . The fairy tale drama The Sunken Bell (1896) fits in with this direction . The drama, written in verse, was a great success at the time of its publication and the most played play during Hauptmann's lifetime. With the play Der arme Heinrich (1902), also written in verse, Hauptmann entered the realm of legends and adapted the Middle High German verse epic of the same name, Der arme Heinrich von Hartmann von Aue . Kaiser Karls Geisel (1908) and Griselda fall into the same category. Greek mythology provided a further basis , as shown in the play The Arch of Odysseus (1913).

In the latter, the viewer experiences one of the most tragic moments of the Odyssey . After many years of wandering, Odysseus finally arrives back on his home island of Ithaca. He now wants to spend his life as a farmer and shepherd. His wife Penelope , who has been waiting for him for so many years, does not appear - but is constantly present in his struggle against their suitors who want to take over his royal office, and in a certain way is also held responsible for the decline in moral order during the Absence of Odysseus. The entire action takes place on the farm of the swineherd Eumaios. Here four suitors have gathered for a feast at which Odysseus, exhausted from years of wanderings, appears disguised as a beggar. Odysseus seems confused, haphazard. Only in the fourth act does he regain his strength with the help of the shepherd god Pan and can begin to take revenge on the suitors.

In Sprengel's second tendency, Hauptmann combined the naturalistic with the non-naturalistic. The connection would be created by contrasting the two directions. The dream play Hanneles Himmelfahrt (1893) shows both social accusation and the draft of a romantic fantasy world. Also in And Pippa is dancing! (1905) showed a real and an ideal sphere.

According to Sprengel, the third tendency does not provide for a break with naturalism and includes all other Hauptmann dramas of a naturalistic character. You belong among others. the historical revolutionary drama Florian Geyer. The tragedy of the Peasant War (1896), Fuhrmann Henschel (1898) and the dramas Herbert Engelmann (1962) and Christine Lawrenz (1990), which were first listed from the estate .

Florian Geyer (1490–1525) was a leader in the German Peasants' War of 1525. The play didn't go over well with the audience.

During and after the First World War , Hauptmann created a number of theater pieces that featured stylistic phenomena other than those mentioned. He designed mythical images with the Winter Ballad (1917) and in the White Savior . He made attempts at symbolic design in the dramas Die goldene Harfe (1932) and Ulrich von Lichtenstein (1939). The Shakespeare adaptation Hamlet in Wittenberg (1935) contains just as historical representations as Magnus Garbe , which ended in 1915, but which was not premiered until 1956.

With his late work, the Atriden Tetralogy , Hauptmann adapted ancient dramas. However, he reinterpreted them after the experience of a trip to Greece.

reception

Monument in Groebenzell

Hauptmann's early work was judged differently. The conservative circles as well as the government of the empire were not very enthusiastic about his socially critical dramas, which was also expressed through censorship and despicable awards. His opposition position, however, increased his reputation in the circles of progressive intellectuals, who appreciated precisely these traits in his dramas. After numerous naturalistic embossed works, captain changed work and his works increasingly found favor with the ownership and educated middle class . He was criticized many times for this about-face , for example by Franz Mehring , who wrote on the occasion of the performance of Hanneles Himmelfahrt : “I'm sorry about Gerhart Hauptmann, but if he fell among the thieves of bourgeois criticism, if the stock market press cheered him certifies that he is turning into the gate of genuine and true poetry, he has well deserved this fate. [...] We have never been condemned to see such a great abuse of such a great talent with our own eyes. "

Nevertheless, he was still in demand as a writer and was considered a representative German poet abroad. The Hungarian philosopher and literary critic Georg Lukács, on the other hand, later called Hauptmann the “representative poet of bourgeois Germany”, which, however, did not underline Hauptmann's prominent position. Rather, he expressed his displeasure with Hauptmann's fickleness and lack of roots in his “revolutionary beginnings”. Despite his high reputation, sales of his works fell steadily because other poets and playwrights came into focus. Hauptmann had adopted an expensive lifestyle, lived in expensive hotels, often received guests in the Wiesenstein, and traveled to Italy. He spent the summers in his big house on Hiddensee, which Günter Kunert called "Do-it-your-self-Olympus". Thomas Mann let himself be carried away to a derisive criticism of Hauptmann regarding this lifestyle when he described him in 1922 as "King of the Republic". In addition, Thomas Mann processed some of Hauptmann's character traits in the person of Mynheer Peeperkorn in his book The Magic Mountain .

The National Socialists wanted to take advantage of the fact that Hauptmann was still living in Germany after the " transfer of power " in 1933 and to use the respected poet to their advantage. Various plays that the party leadership disliked because of their rebellious character were banned, but Hauptmann works were still performed. On Hauptmann's 80th birthday in 1942, festive performances and honors were carried out, which he accepted without reservation.

After his death, Hauptmann's fame, which he had enjoyed during his lifetime, began to fade. His reputation was further lowered by his uncritical behavior towards the Nazis. On the occasion of his 100th birthday in 1962, festivities were held in numerous German cities. Up until the 1970s, Hauptmann's works were repeatedly performed on West German theaters, with Der Biberpelz and Die Ratten in particular being welcomed . However, Hauptmann's work was now viewed more critically. In the course of this, some weak aspects within his work came to light that had previously been covered up by "unobjectionable loud praise". In addition, Hauptmann's works became increasingly meaningless with regard to the political culture of the late sixties and early seventies, as one could do little with the "traditional image of the seer from Wiesenstein".

Hauptmann's literary reputation lived on in the GDR . His social criticism met with approval in many places and was an example of the lively, continuing tradition of bourgeois German humanism .

Commemorations and honors

Berlin memorial plaque on Hauptmann's house in Berlin-Charlottenburg, 2007

Memorial plaque at the Gerhart Hauptmann Museum in Erkner

• Gerhart Hauptmann memorial in Kienbaum . The fires in Kienbaum served Hauptmann as a template for the Red Rooster
• In 1964 the Gerhart-Hauptmann-Theater in Görlitz and Zittau was named after him.
• In 1985 an impact crater on the planet Mercury was named after him: Mercury Crater Hauptmann .
• In 1987 a Gerhart-Hauptmann-Museum was built in Erkner . There are other memorials on Hiddensee , in Jagniątków , Schreiberhau and in the Hohenhaus in Radebeul . Not far from this is the Gerhart Hauptmann memorial stone .
• On June 10, 1998, an asteroid was named after him: (8381) Hauptmann .
• For its 150th birthday, Deutsche Post AG issued a special postage stamp worth 55 euro cents. The issue date was November 2, 2012. The design was made by Christof Gassner .
• Schools and streets were named after him in many German cities, some of them already during his lifetime (e.g. the Gerhart-Hauptmann-Realschule in Breslau in 1922)

Awards

• 1896: Grillparzer Prize for Hanneles Ascension Day
• 1899: Grillparzer Prize for Fuhrmann Henschel
• 1905: Grillparzer Prize for poor Heinrich
• 1909: Honorary doctorate from the Universities of Oxford and Leipzig
• 1911: Royal Bavarian Maximilian Order
• 1912: Nobel Prize for Literature
• 1921: Honorary doctorate from the German University of Prague
• 1922: Eagle shield of the German Empire
• 1923: Pour le mérite for science and arts
• 1932: Honorary Doctorate from Columbia University (New York)
• 1932: Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
• 1932: Goethe Prize of the City of Frankfurt am Main
• 1933: Appointment as Corresponding Member of the Academy in Athens
• 1937: Austrian Decoration of Honor for Science and Art
• 1942: Ring of Honor of the City of Vienna

Hauptmann as a director

Gerhart Hauptmann was a co-director of the early premieres of his pieces, which were designed by Otto Brahm's ensemble . He later directed the following productions:

• Friedrich Schiller : Wilhelm Tell . German Art Theater Berlin. Premiere: September 16, 1913
• Heinrich von Kleist : The broken jug . German Art Theater Berlin. Premiere: October 2, 1913
• Gerhart Hauptmann: Lonely people. German Theater Berlin . Premiere: February 29, 1920
• Gerhart Hauptmann: The victim ( Indipohdi ). State Playhouse Dresden . Premiere: February 23, 1922 (world premiere ; for more details see the list of works below)
• Gerhart Hauptmann: Veland. Deutsches Schauspielhaus Hamburg. Premiere: September 19, 1925 (premiere; see list of works)
• William Shakespeare : Hamlet . Processing: Gerhart Hauptmann. State Playhouse Dresden. Premiere: December 8, 1927 (premiere; see list of works)
• Gerhart Hauptmann: Schluck und Jau (co-director: Gustav Hartung). Band house of Heidelberg Castle . Premiere: July 1928. (The incidental music commissioned by Leoš Janáček remained a fragment)

Captain in the visual arts

Arno Breker : Gerhart Hauptmann (1988)

Memorial stone in Berlin-Wilmersdorf

Mural on Gerhart-Hauptmann-Ring in Frankfurt am Main-Niederursel .

Gerhart Hauptmann, who by his own admission would have liked to become a sculptor, was himself an interesting motif for artists throughout his life. Portraits created among other things

• Lovis Corinth :
  • Oil painting (1900; Städtische Kunsthalle Mannheim [6] )
  • 2 chalk drawings (1917; Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden [7]  / Museum der Bildenden Künste Leipzig [8] )
• Benno Elkan :
  • Cast bronze medal, 1922, 138 mm. Front: 1922 / GERHART HAUPTMANN - head portrait to the right. Back: A buck devil sits on a skull that is entwined by a snake. Literature: Menzel-Severing no.237, Fig. 152
• Max Liebermann :
  • Pastel picture (1892; 1st prize at the International Art Exhibition in Venice 1895)
  • Oil painting (for his 50th birthday in 1912)
  • Lithograph (1922)
• Arno Breker : bust (for his 80th birthday in 1942; several versions in bronze and marble; graphic)
• Walter Wadephul:
  • Bust (on his 70th birthday in 1932 on behalf of the City of Breslau for the Thalia Theater)

Postage stamps

• 

  Postage stamp of the Soviet Zone of Occupation (1948) from the series Personalities from Politics, Art and Science

• 

  Postage stamp from the Deutsche Bundespost (1962) from the series Important Germans

Works

Poetry and verse

• Promethidless. A poem (iambic epic in 13 sections). Berlin (Wilhelm Issleib) 1885. Made 1884–1885
• The colorful book. Poems . Beerfelden (Meinhard) 1888. Made 1880–1887. - Part 1: Lyrical and Epic Form. Part 2: Legends and fairy tales
• Anna. A rural love poem (hexameter epic in 24 songs). Berlin ( S. Fischer ) 1921. Made 1919–1921
• The blue flower (Little iambic epic). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1927. Composed in 1923
• The great fighter pilot, country driver, juggler and magician Till Eulenspiegel adventures, pranks, jokes, stories and dreams (hexameter epic in 18 adventures). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1928. Made 1920–1927
• Harvest. Smaller seals . Berlin (S. Fischer) 1939. - Contents: small poems - sonnets - larger poems - scenic poems - Hans Wursten's resurrection. Dialogue with a small wooden doll - poetry of opportunity - small rhymes - glossary . - Also included: Mary (small hexameter epic; created 1923–1936) and The Blue Flower
• The great dream (iambic terzine epic in 22 songs). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1942 (last edition, vol. 16). Made 1914–1942. Paralipomena from the estate (with the so-called other part in 12 chants): Berlin (Propylaea) 1964 (Centenar edition, vol. 4)
• New poems . Berlin ( construction ) 1946 (last book published during his lifetime). - Review of poetry (1875-1946): Berlin (Propylaen) 1974 (Centenar edition, vol. 11)

prose

• Carnival. A study. In: Siegfried (magazine), August 1887. Created in 1887
• Railway attendant Thiel . Novellistic study from the Brandenburg pine forest. In: Die Gesellschaft (edited by Michael Georg Conrad ) 1888. Created in 1887
• The apostle . Novella. In: Modern Poetry (edited by Eduard Michael Kafka), July 1890. Made in 1890
• Greek spring (travelogue). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1908. Composed in 1907
• The fool in Christo Emanuel Quint . Novel . Berlin (S. Fischer) 1910. Made 1901–1910
• Atlantis. Novel . Berlin (S. Fischer) 1912. Made 1909–1911
• Grail fantasies :
  • Lohengrin . Berlin ( Ullstein ) 1913. Made 1911–1912
  • Parsival . Berlin (Ullstein) 1914. Made 1911–1912
• The Heretic of Soana (working title: The Syrian Goddess ). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1918. Made 1911–1917
• Phantom. Former Convict's Notes . Berlin (S. Fischer) 1923. Created 1915–1921 (preliminary stages: Dünnebeil. 1888; Karl Henning , 1912).
• The island of the great mother or The miracle of Île des Dames. A story from the utopian archipelagos . Berlin (S. Fischer) 1924. Made 1916–1924
• Wanda . Novel . Berlin (S. Fischer) 1928. Issued in 1927. Pre-print (under the title The Demon ): Vossische Zeitung 1928
• Book of Passion . Berlin (S. Fischer) 1929. Made 1905–1929
• The pickaxe. A fantastic experience . Berlin (S. Fischer) 1931. Made in 1930
• The wedding on Buchenhorst. Novella . Berlin (S. Fischer) 1932. Composed in 1927
• About people and spirit. Speeches . Berlin (S. Fischer) 1932. - Extended collection of speeches, feature articles, essays and notes: Berlin (Propylaea) 1965 and 1974 (Centenar edition, Vol. 6 and 11)
• The sea wonder. An unlikely story . Berlin (S. Fischer) 1934. Made 1933–1934
• In the vortex of calling. Novel . Berlin (S. Fischer) 1936. Made 1924–1935
• The adventure of my youth (autobiography). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1937. Created 1929–1935 (preliminary stage: The abbreviated chronicle of my life. 1919; Working title: The path of blood , growing and becoming , changeable and unchangeable of a youth , essence and shape of a youth , everything transient is only a parable ). - Review of the autobiography: Berlin (Propylaea) 1974 (Centenar edition, vol. 11)
• About Tintoretto. Comments before his pictures (essay). In: Die Neue Rundschau (edited by Peter Suhrkamp ) 1938. Created in 1938
• The shot in the park. Novella . Berlin (S. Fischer) 1941. Made 1938–1939
• The tale. In: Die Neue Rundschau (edited by Peter Suhrkamp) 1941. Created in 1941
• To sunbathe. Meditations . Berlin (S. Fischer) 1942 (last edition, vol. 15). Made 1912–1938
• Mignon. Novella . Berlin Suhrkamp 1947. Made 1938–1944
• Narrative fragments - Berlin (Propylaea) 1970 (Centenar edition, vol. 10):
  • The Venetian (1903). - Publication of a preliminary stage (under the title Der Schatzgräber ): European Review, July / August 1944
  • The Anabaptists. Roman (approx. 1904–1942)
  • Berlin war novel (1928–1929)
  • Siri. Self-confessions of a young humanist (1938–1939)
  • Winckelmann (1939). - Editing by Frank Thiess : Winckelmann. The doom . Gütersloh (Bertelsmann) 1954
  • The new Christophorus. Roman (1917–1944; variant title: Merlin ). - Partial publication: Weimar (Society of Bibliophiles) 1943

Dramas

• Jugendwerke - Berlin (Propylaen) 1963 (Centenar edition, vol. 8):
  • Love spring. A lyric poem (with roles assigned). Private print 1881. UA September 24, 1881 Hohenhaus (on the wedding of Georg Hauptmann and Adele Thienemann). Made in 1881
  • Teutons and Romans (verse drama in 5 acts). Made 1881–1882
  • The wedding procession (poem with assigned roles). Premiere October 6, 1884 Hohenhaus (for the wedding of Carl Hauptmann and Martha Thienemann). Made in 1884.
• Before sunrise . Social drama (5 acts; working title: The Sower ). Berlin (CF Conrads Buchhandlung) 1889. Created 1888–1889. ( Digitized and full text in the German text archive ); Premiere October 20, 1889 Berlin ( Free Stage , Lessingtheater ; Director: Hans Meery ; Dramaturgy: Otto Brahm ; with Else Lehmann [Helene], Gustav Kadelburg [Hoffmann])
• The peace festival . A family disaster (3 acts; working title: The Father ). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1890. Created 1889. Premiere June 1, 1890 Berlin (Free Stage, Ostendtheater; Director: Hans Meery ; Dramaturgy: Otto Brahm ; with Emanuel Reicher [Robert], Josef Kainz [Wilhelm])
• Lonely people . Drama (5 acts; working title: Martin and Martha. The child prodigy ). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1891. Made in 1890. Premiere January 11, 1891 Berlin (Free Stage, Residenztheater; Direction: Cord Hachmann ; Dramaturgy: Otto Brahm; with Emanuel Reicher [Johannes])
• Colleague Crampton . Comedy (5 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1892. Created 1891. Premiere January 16, 1892 Berlin ( Deutsches Theater ; with Georg Engels [Crampton])
• The weavers . Play from the forties (5 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1892. Created 1888–1892 (first entirely in Silesian dialect: De Waber , then in a version approximating written German). Premiere February 26, 1893 Berlin (Free Stage, New Theater ; Director: Cord Hachmann; Dramaturgy: Otto Brahm; with Hermann Nissen [Thirties], Rudolf Rittner [Moritz Jäger], Rosa Bertens [Luise])
• The beaver fur . A thief comedy (4 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1893. Made 1892–1893. Premiere September 21, 1893 Berlin (Deutsches Theater; with Georg Engels [Wehrhahn], Else Lehmann [Frau Wolff])
• Hanneles Ascension . Dream poetry (2 acts, each ending in verse). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1894. Originated in 1893. Premiere November 14, 1893 Berlin ( Königliches Schauspielhaus , under the title Hannele ; director: Max Grube ; music: Max Marschalk ; with Adalbert Matkowsky [Gottwald]))
• Florian Geyer . The tragedy of the Peasant War (prelude and 5 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1896. Made 1891–1895. Premiere January 4, 1896 Berlin (Deutsches Theater; director: Emil Lessing ; dramaturgy: Otto Brahm; with Emanuel Reicher [Florian Geyer], Max Reinhardt [Rector Besenmeyer], Rudolf Rittner [Schäferhans])
• Elga. Drama (6 scenes, loosely based on the novella Das Kloster bei Sendomir by Franz Grillparzer ). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1905. Made in 1896. World premiere March 4, 1905 Berlin (Lessingtheater; director: Emil Lessing; dramaturgy: Otto Brahm; with Rudolf Rittner [Starschenski], Irene Triesch [Elga]))
• The sunken bell . A German fairy tale drama (verse drama in 5 acts; working title: Rothändel ). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1897. Made 1891–1896. Premiere December 2, 1896 Berlin (Deutsches Theater; director: Cord Hachmann; dramaturgy: Otto Brahm; with Josef Kainz [Heinrich], Agnes Sorma [Rautendelein])
• Carter Henschel . Drama (5 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1899. Created 1897–1898 (in dialect; Otto Pniower created a version approximating written German in 1898). Premiere November 5, 1898 Berlin (Deutsches Theater; director: Emil Lessing; dramaturgy: Otto Brahm; with Rudolf Rittner [Henschel], Else Lehmann [Hanne], Oscar Sauer [Siebenhaar]))
• Gulp and Jau . Comedy (prologue and 6 events; verse and prose mixed). S. Fischer, Berlin 1900. Created in 1899 (preliminary stages: A Flemish guy. Im Rautenkranz , 1897–1898). Premiere February 3, 1900 Berlin (Deutsches Theater; director: Emil Lessing; dramaturgy: Otto Brahm; with Else Heims [Sidselill], Else Lehmann [Frau Adeluz], Rudolf Rittner [Jau], Hanns Fischer [Schluck])
  • Interpretation of this by Kurt Bräutigam, ed. And author of the chapter: European comedies, represented by individual interpretations. Diesterweg, Frankfurt 1964, pp. 133-154
• Michael Kramer . Drama (4 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1900. Originated in 1900 (preliminary stage: Marcus Hänel , mid-1890s). Premiere December 21, 1900 Berlin (Deutsches Theater; director: Emil Lessing; dramaturgy: Otto Brahm; with Max Reinhardt [Kramer], Louise Dumont [Michaline], Friedrich Kayssler [Arnold], Oscar Sauer [Lachmann])
• The red rooster . Tragic comedy (4 acts; continuation of the beaver fur ). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1901. Made 1900–1901. Premiere November 27, 1901 Berlin (Deutsches Theater; director: Emil Lessing; dramaturgy: Otto Brahm; with Max Reinhardt [Fielitz], Albert Bassermann [Langheinrich], Rudolf Rittner [Rauchhaupt], ​​Oscar Sauer [Wehrhahn], Friedrich Kayssler [Dr. Boxer])
• Poor Heinrich . A German saga (verse drama in 5 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1902. Made 1897–1902. Premiere November 29, 1902 Vienna ( Burgtheater ; director: Hugo Thimig ; with Josef Kainz [Heinrich], Lotte Medelsky [Ottegebe])
• Rose Bernd . Drama (5 acts; working title: Rose Immoos ; Anna Golisch ). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1903. Created 1903. Premiere October 31, 1903 Berlin (Deutsches Theater; director: Emil Lessing; dramaturgy: Otto Brahm; with Oscar Sauer [Bernd], Else Lehmann [Rose Bernd], Rudolf Rittner [Flamm] , Paula Conrad [Mrs. Flamm])
• Kaiser Maxens bridal trip. Idyll (scene in verse). In: Ährenlese. Berlin (S. Fischer) 1939. Made in 1905. Premiere January 14, 1924 Leipzig ( Schauspielhaus )
• And Pippa is dancing! A glassworks fairy tale (4 acts; partly in verse). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1906. Made 1905. Premiere January 19, 1906 Berlin (Lessingtheater; director: Emil Lessing; dramaturgy: Otto Brahm; with Ida Orloff [Pippa], Rudolf Rittner [Huhn], Willy Grunwald [Hellriegel], Oscar Sour [when])
• The maidens from the Bischofsberg. Comedy (5 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1907. Created 1904–1906 (preliminary stage: Golden Times. A Spring Morning. 1892). Premiere February 2, 1907 Berlin (Lessingtheater; Director: Rudolf Lenoir [1863–1952]; Dramaturgy: Otto Brahm; with Else Lehmann [Sabine], Ida Orloff [Ludowike], Albert Bassermann [Nast], Hans Marr [Vagabund]))
• Gabriel Schilling's escape. Drama (5 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1912. Made 1905–1906. Premiere June 14, 1912 Bad Lauchstädt ( Goethe Theater ; director: Paul Schlenther ; set design: Max Liebermann ; with Willy Grunwald [Schilling], Rosa Bertens [Eveline], Otto Fee [Mäurer], Helene Thimig [Lucie], Tilla Durieux [ Hanna])
• Christiane Lawrenz (5 acts). Berlin (Propylaen) 1963 (Centenar edition, vol. 8). Made 1905–1907. Premiere April 12, 1990 Zurich ( Schauspielhaus ; director: Peter Palitzsch ; with Katja Paryla [Christiane], Friedrich-Karl Praetorius [Beck])
• Emperor Karl's hostage. A game of legends (verse drama in 4 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1908. Made 1906–1907. Premiere January 11, 1908 Berlin (Lessingtheater; director: Emil Lessing; dramaturgy: Otto Brahm; with Hans Marr [Karl], Ida Orloff [Gersuind])
• Griselda. Comedy (12 scenes). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1909 and (expanded) 1942 (last edition, vol. 5). Made 1908. World premiere March 6, 1909 Berlin (Lessingtheater; director: Emil Lessing; dramaturgy: Otto Brahm; with Else Lehmann [Griselda], Albert Bassermann [Ulrich]) and Vienna (Burgtheater; director: Hugo Thimig; with Lotte Medelsky [Griselda ], Georg Reimers [Ulrich])
• Peter Brauer. Tragic comedy (3 acts; working title: The Button ). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1921. Created 1908–1910 (preliminary stage: Der Maler , 1898). Premiere November 1, 1921 Berlin ( Lustspielhaus ; Director: Heinz Saltenburg, with Jacob Tiedtke [Brauer])
• The rats . Berlin tragic comedy (5 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1911. Made 1909–1910. Premiere January 13, 1911 Berlin (Lessingtheater; director: Emil Lessing; dramaturgy: Otto Brahm; with Emanuel Reicher [Hassenreuter], Hans Marr [John], Else Lehmann [Mrs. John])
• The bow of Ulysses. Drama (verse drama in 5 acts; working title: Telemach-Drama ). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1914. Made 1907–1912. Premiere January 17, 1914 Berlin (German Art Theater; director: Rudolf Rittner; with Hans Marr [Odysseus], Theodor Loos [Telemach], Emanuel Reicher [Laertes], Else Lehmann [Eurykleia])
• Festival in German rhymes . In memory of the spirit of the wars of freedom of the years eighteen hundred and thirteen, fourteen and fifteen (one-act play in verse). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1913. Made 1912–1913. Premiere May 31, 1913 Breslau ( Jahrhunderthalle ; director: Max Reinhardt ; set design: Ernst Stern [1876–1954])
• Magnus Sheaf . Tragedy (3 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1942 (last edition, vol. 8). Created 1914–1915 (preliminary stage: The Resurrection of Felicia, who was believed to be dead. 1909). Premiere February 4, 1956 Düsseldorf ( Schauspielhaus ; director: Karl-Heinz Stroux ; with Alfred Schieske [Garbe], Hilde Mikulicz [Felicia])
• Winter ballad . Tragedy (verse drama in 7 scenes, based on the story of Mr. Arnes Schatz by Selma Lagerlöf ; working title: blood ). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1917. Made 1912–1916. Premiere October 17, 1917 Berlin (Deutsches Theater; director: Max Reinhardt; with Wilhelm Diegelmann [Arne], Helene Thimig [Elsalil], Paul Wegener [Archie])
• The white savior . Dramatic fantasy (verse drama in 11 scenes). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1920. Made 1912–1917. Premiere March 28, 1920 Berlin ( Großes Schauspielhaus ; Director: Karlheinz Martin ; with Alexander Moissi [Montezuma], Emil Jannings [Cortez])
• Indipohdi . Dramatic poetry with incidental music by Arthur Chitz (verse drama in 5 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1921. Created 1913–1919 (preliminary stage: Die Insel , based on Shakespeare's Sturm ). Premiere February 23, 1922 Dresden ( Staatliches Schauspielhaus , under the title The Sacrifice ; Director: Gerhart Hauptmann, with Paul Wiecke [Prospero], Melitta Leithner [his daughter Pyrrha], Antonia Dietrich [Tehura])
• Veland. Tragedy (verse drama in 3 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1925. Made 1898–1923. Premiere September 19, 1925 Hamburg ( Deutsches Schauspielhaus ; director: Gerhart Hauptmann; set design: Ivo Hauptmann ; with Reinhold Lütjohann [Harald])
• Ceremonial act for the opening of the Deutsches Museum in Munich (scene in verse). Munich (Knorr & Hirth) 1925. Made in 1925. Premiere May 7, 1925 Munich ( Deutsches Museum ; director: Kurt Stieler [1877–1963])
• Dorothea Angermann . Drama (5 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1926. Composed in 1925 (preliminary stages: Bahnhoftragödie. Peter Hollmann , 1897–1908). Premiere November 20, 1926 Vienna ( Theater in der Josefstadt ; Director: Max Reinhardt; with Ernst Stahl-Nachbaur [Angermann], Dagny Servaes [Dorothea], Oskar Homolka [Mario]), Munich ( Kammerspiele ), Leipzig (Schauspielhaus), Hamburg ( Thalia-Theater ), Barmen-Elberfeld ( United City Theater ), Braunschweig ( State Theater ) and others.
• Shakespeare's tragic story of Hamlet Prince of Denmark. In German republication and newly furnished (5 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1928. Made 1927–1928. Premiere December 8, 1927 Dresden (Staatliches Schauspielhaus; director: Gerhart Hauptmann; with Felix Steinböck [Hamlet], Erich Ponto [Polonius], Paul Paulsen [Horatio], Paul Hoffmann [Laertes], Antonia Dietrich [Ophelia])
• Spooky . Berlin (S. Fischer) 1930:
  • The black mask. Drama (one-act act). Made in 1928. World premiere on December 3, 1929 Vienna (Burgtheater; director: John Brahm ; with Paul Hartmann [Schuller], Else Wohlgemuth [Benigna], Georg Reimers [Löwel Perl])
  • Witch ride. A satyr play (one-act play). Made 1928–1929. Premiere December 3, 1929 Vienna (Burgtheater; director: Hans Brahm; with Hans Marr [Lars], Albert Heine [Lerch])
• Before sunset . Drama (5 acts; working title: Privy Councilor Bernhard Ackermann ). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1932. Made 1928–1931. Premiere February 16, 1932 Berlin (Deutsches Theater; director: Max Reinhardt; with Werner Krauß [Privy Councilor Clausen], Mathias Wieman [Wolfgang], Käthe Haack [Ottilie], Oskar Sima [Klamroth], Eduard von Winterstein [Steynitz], Helene Thimig [Inken])
• The golden harp. Drama (15 scenes). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1933. Made in 1933. Premiere October 15, 1933 Munich (Kammerspiele; director: Otto Falckenberg ; with Käthe Gold [Juliane], Oskar Dimroth [Friedrich-Alexis], Eberhard Keindorff [Friedrich-Günther])
• Hamlet in Wittenberg. Dramatic poetry (verse drama in 5 acts; as a prelude to Shakespeare's Hamlet ). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1935. Made 1924–1935. Premiere November 19, 1935 Leipzig (Altes Theater; director: Jobst von Reiht; with Raimund Bucher [Hamlet], Albert Matterstock [Fachus], Hansi Knoteck [Hamida]), Altonaer Stadttheater , Osnabrück (German National Theater)
• Ulrich von Lichtenstein. Comedy (verse drama in 4 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1939. Made 1910–1937. Premiere November 11, 1939 Vienna (Burgtheater; director: Lothar Müthel ; with Ewald Balser [Ulrich], Felix Steinböck [Blondel], Käthe Dorsch [Maria])
• The eclipses. Requiem (5 scenes). New York (Hammer Press) 1947 (edited by Walter A. Reichart). Made in 1937. Premiere July 5, 1952 Göttingen (studio; director: Helmut Wiemken). - First broadcast as a radio play: December 20, 1947, British Broadcasting
• The daughter of the cathedral. Dramatic poetry (prologue and 5 acts; verse and prose mixed). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1939. Made 1935–1938. Premiere October 3, 1939 Berlin ( Staatliches Schauspielhaus ; director: Wolfgang Liebeneiner ; set design: Rochus Gliese ; with Käthe Haack [Heurodis], Hannsgeorg Laubenthal [Peter], Franz Nicklisch [Paul], Maria Koppenhöfer [Ermelinda], Lola Müthel [Geralda] , Käthe Gold [Gerlind / Frene])
• Herbert Engelmann. Drama (4 acts). Munich (CH Beck) 1952. Created 1924–1941. WP (arrangement: Carl Zuckmayer ) March 8, 1952 Vienna (Burgtheater in the Akademietheater ; director: Berthold Viertel ; with OW Fischer [Herbert], Eva Zilcher [Christa], Curd Jürgens , Josef Meinrad , Hans Thimig ). WP (original version) November 12, 1962 Putbus auf Rügen (former residence theater; director: Jan-Franz Krüger; with Heinz Berlau [Herbert], Marianne Bauer [Christa])
• The atrid tetralogy (verse drama):
  • Part 1: Iphigenia in Aulis . Tragedy (5 acts). Berlin (Suhrkamp) 1944. Made 1940–1943. Premiere November 15, 1943 Vienna (Burgtheater; director: Lothar Müthel; with Ewald Balser [Agamemnon], Käthe Dorsch [Klytämnestra], Käthe Braun [Iphigenie], Helmuth Krauss [Kalchas])
  • Part 2: Agamemnon's death . Tragedy (one act). Berlin (Suhrkamp) 1948. Made 1942. Premiere November 10, 1947 Berlin (Deutsches Theater, Kammerspiele; director: Heinz Wolfgang Litten (1905–1955); music: Herbert Baumann (1925–2020); with Walther Süssenguth [Agamemnon], Gerda Müller [Klytämnestra], Fritz Rasp [Aigisthos], Horst Drinda [Orest], Ingo Osterloh [Pylades], Käthe Braun [Elektra], Eduard von Winterstein [Thestor]). - First broadcast as a radio play: July 28, 1946, DIAS Berlin
  • Part 3: Elektra . Tragedy (one act). Berlin (Suhrkamp) 1948. Made in 1944. Premiere November 10, 1947 Berlin (Deutsches Theater, Kammerspiele; director: Heinz-Wolfgang Litten)
  • Part 4: Iphigenia in Delphi . Tragedy (3 acts). Berlin (S. Fischer) 1941. Made 1940. Premiere November 15, 1941 Berlin (Staatliches Schauspielhaus; director: Jürgen Fehling ; set design: Rochus Gliese; music: Mark Lothar ; with Hermine Körner [Iphigenie], Maria Koppenhöfer [Elektra], Bernhard Minetti [Orestes], Gustav Knuth [Pylades], Friedrich Kayssler [Pyrkon], Franz Nicklisch [Proros], Ullrich Haupt [Aiakos])

• Dramatic fragments - Berlin (Propylaea) 1963 and 1969 (Centenar edition, Vol. 8 and 9; titles in quotation marks are from the editors) - and Lost (based on CFW Behl, Felix A. Voigt : Chronicle of Gerhart Hauptmanns Leben und Schaffen) :
  • Helene (approx. 1877/78; scenes in verse)
  • Amor and Hermes (approx. 1877/78; scene fragment in verse)
  • Frithiof's courtship (after Esaias Tegnér , 1879; scene fragment preserved in verse)
  • Falconer (1880; 2 songs preserved)
  • Konradin (1880; scenes in verse)
  • Athalaric (after Felix Dahn , 1880; scene fragment in verse)
  • Lycophron (1882–1944; scene fragments in verse and prose)
  • Pericles (1883–1942; scene fragments)
  • Das Erbe des Tiberius (1884; verse drama, not accepted for performance by Otto Devrient ; individual scene preserved)
  • Christ Dramas : Leben-Jesu-Drama (approx. 1885–1886; scenario) and Jesus of Nazareth. Social drama (1894–1898; scene fragments in verse)
  • Anna. Love and comedy (approx. 1890; scene fragments; title variant: Junglicht ). - Variants of the same material: Die Rose von Dromsdorf (1891; fragments of two nudes), Hilde (1892–1923; scene fragment; title variant: Jubilate ), “Visit to the Kurnick family” (approx. 1908–1910; 3 nudes and fragment a fourth)
  • The topping-out ceremony (approx. 1891-1943; scene fragments; title variants: The enemy brothers. Hinz and Kunz , brotherly love - brotherly hatred , for the sake of dear peace )
  • The Mother's Curse (1894; scene fragments in verse and prose)
  • Helios. Mythical poetry for the stage (1896–1915, scenes and scene fragments in prose and verse). - Partial performance: November 24, 1912 Munich (Kammerspiele)
  • Sittulhassan (1897–1916; scene fragments in verse and prose; title variants: The Caliph. Alaeddin and the magic lamp )
  • Antony and Cleopatra (1898; scene fragments in prose and verse)
  • Links to the Pippa fabric:
    • Valenzauber , plan of a trilogy (1898):
      • 1.  Kynast (1897–1918; scenarios and scene fragments in prose and verse)
      • 2.  The Abendburg (1898; note)
      • 3.  Galahad (1898–1914; scene fragments in verse; title variant: Die Gaukelfuhre ). - Plan for a sequel: Der neue Faust (1942; scene fragment in verse)
    • Whale magic , plan of a tetralogy (1908):
      • 1.  And Pippa is dancing! (1905)
      • 2. "The Pegnitz females" (ca. 1905-1908; scene fragments; title variants: A Spukmärchen. Nuremberg tales , Nuremberg farce , Nuremberg Shrovetide play , mermaids fairy tale , Nuremberg Hexentanz , The godless painters , The nightmare )
      • 3.  Alp Cortez (1908; note)
      • 4.  Wann's death (1907–1908; fragment)
  • The Shepherd's Song (1898–1899; scenes and scene fragments in verse; title variant: Patriarch's air ) - partial performance: December 25, 1906 Vienna ( Theater an der Wien )
  • Music drama (1898–1901; scenario for Eugen d'Albert ; abandoned in 1902)
  • Thumpsahütte. Comedy (1899; destroyed)
  • The Nibelungs , plan of a trilogy (1899):
    • The Prelude (1899; one-act play in verse)
    • 1.  The first court feast - 2.  Rüdiger von Bechlaren - 3.  The second court feast (1899; note)
  • The Anabaptists (1901–1916; scene fragments in verse; title variants: Jan von Leyden. The Holy People )
  • Das Schiff (1904–1917; title variant: Elbe. Approaches to a dramatization of the Atlantis material)
  • Apollonius of Tire : scene fragment in verse (1905); Film scenario (1923, not realized)
  • The bass violin (1905–1944; scenarios; title variants: Bettelarm. Dorfmusikanten )
  • At Bertramshöhe (1906; scenario)
  • Bismarckhaar (1911; 6 scenes from act 1)
  • Dachrödenshof (1914; fragments of a 1st act)
  • Political party. Political Comedy (1914; scene fragment)
  • The General (ca.1915; fragments of a 1st act)
  • With the old Hartmanns (between 1915 and 1922; fragment of a 1st act)
  • The Citizen (1915–1918; scene in verses and notes for a sequel; title variant: The Seer )
  • Kosmus (1915; scene fragment in verse)
  • In the country house of the Carstens brothers (1916; scene fragment)
  • The dream of Cain and Abel (1917; scene fragments in verse; title variants: Paradise lost. Mystery play , Cain and Abel )
  • The cathedral. Mystery play (approx. 1917–1941; scene fragments in verse; single title: Lucifer. Fausti Buchdruckoffizin , Der wilde Jäger , In der Bauhütte , Der Paraklet , Gotische Walpurgisnacht , Das Gasthaus zum Pilgerstab , Unter an old linden tree , Luther cell on the Wartburg , In the torture cellar , Dies irae )
  • Greenland Tragedy (1917–1944; 2 acts in verse and a fragment of a third)
  • When the deer screams (1918–1939; title variants: Stolberg tragedy. The forest ; also as a narrative fragment: Jannowitz-Roman , 1929)
  • Adolf Grieshauer (after 1921 [?]; Scene fragment)
  • Der Flieger (1918–1940; fragments of a 1st act)
  • The New World (1923; film scenario, not realized)
  • Theatre. Conversation (1929; scene fragment)
  • Alexander Hettenbach (1929; scene fragment)
  • Demeter. Mystery Poetry (1935–1944; scene fragments in verse)
  • The High Lily (1937–1944; fragments of two acts in prose and verse)

Editions

Works

• Gerhart Hauptmann: Complete works. Centenar edition for the poet's 100th birthday. Edited by Hans-Egon Hass . Continued by Martin Machatzke (vol. 10/11) and Wolfgang Bungies (vol. 10). Vol. 1-11. Frankfurt a. M., Berlin: Propylaeen, 1962–1974

Diaries and notebooks

• Gerhart Hauptmann: Note calendar 1889 to 1891. Edited by Martin Machatzke. Propylaeen Verlag, Frankfurt am Main / Berlin / Vienna 1982, ISBN 3-549-05346-0 .
• Gerhart Hauptmann: Diary 1892 to 1894 . Edited by Martin Machatzke. Propylaea, Frankfurt am Main 1985, ISBN 3-549-05330-4 .
• Gerhart Hauptmann: Diaries 1897 to 1905 . Edited by Martin Machatzke. Propylaea, Frankfurt am Main 1987, ISBN 3-549-05767-9 .
• Gerhart Hauptmann: Italian journey 1897. Diary entries . Edited by Martin Machatzke. Propylaea, Frankfurt am Main 1976, ISBN 3-549-05572-2 .
• Gerhart Hauptmann: Diaries 1906 to 1913. With the travel diary Greece-Turkey 1907 . After preliminary work by Martin Machatzke ed. by Peter Sprengel . Propylaea, Frankfurt am Main 1994, ISBN 3-549-05839-X .
• Gerhart Hauptmann: Diaries 1914–1918 . Edited by Peter Sprengel. Propylaea, Frankfurt am Main 1997, ISBN 978-3-549-05775-9 .
• Gerhart Hauptmann: Diary 1917 to 1933 . Edited by Martin Machatzke. Propylaea, Frankfurt am Main 1980, ISBN 3-549-05358-4 .

Correspondence

• Peter Sprengel: Hermann Bahr and Gerhart Hauptmann in letters and other testimonials. Reviewed and completed by Martin Anton Müller. Digital publication of the Hermann Bahr project of the University of Vienna
• Wilhelm Bölsche : Correspondence with Carl and Gerhart Hauptmann. Edited by Edith Wack. Weidler Buchverlag, Berlin 2018 (= Wilhelm Bölsche. Works and Letters. Letters VIII. Scientific Edition. Ed. By Hans-Gert Roloff)
• Otto Brahm / Gerhart Hauptmann: Correspondence 1888–1912 . First edition with materials. Edited by Peter Sprengel. Narr, Tübingen 1985, ISBN 3-87808-386-6 (German text library)
• Joseph Chapiro / Gerhart Hauptmann: Correspondence 1920–1936 . Edited by Heinz Dieter Tschörtner . Wallstein, Göttingen 2006, ISBN 3-8353-0032-6 .
• Gerhart Hauptmann / Ivo Hauptmann : In a hurry in Berlin… . Correspondence. Edited by Harriet Hauptmann and Stefan Rohlfs. Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg, Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-942476-32-4 .
• Gerhart Hauptmann / Ludwig von Hofmann : Correspondence 1894–1944 . Edited by Herta Hesse-Frielinghaus . Bouvier, Bonn 1983, ISBN 3-416-01714-5 .
• Perseus eye light blue. Erhart Kästner and Gerhart Hauptmann. Letters, texts, notes . Edited by Julia Freifrau Hiller von Gaertringen. Preface: Albert von Schirnding . Aisthesis-Verlag, Bielefeld 2004, ISBN 3-89528-426-2 .
• Gerhart and Margarete Hauptmann / Oskar Loerke : Correspondence . Edited by Peter Sprengel in conjunction with students at the Free University of Berlin. Aisthesis-Verlag, Bielefeld 2006, ISBN 3-89528-552-8 .
• Wysling, Hans and Cornelia Bernini: The correspondence between Thomas Mann and Gerhart Hauptmann. In: Thomas Mann Yearbook Vol. 6 and 7. Frankfurt am Main 1993, 1994
• Thurit Kriener, Gabriella Rovagnati: Dionysian Perspectives, Gerhart Hauptmann's novella “Der Ketzer von Soana” and his correspondence with Rudolf Pannwitz . Erich Schmidt, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-503-07924-6 (publications of the Gerhart-Hauptmann-Gesellschaft 13)
• Hermann and Hedwig Stehr in correspondence with Gerhart and Margarete Hauptmann . Edited by Peter Sprengel. Erich Schmidt, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-503-09852-1 (publications of the Gerhart-Hauptmann-Gesellschaft 14)
• Correspondence with Karl Bauer (painter, 1868) , digitized collections of the Berlin State Library

literature

Bibliography and estate catalog

• Sigfrid Hoefert: International bibliography on the work of Gerhart Hauptmann. Vol. 1–4 - Berlin: Erich Schmidt, 1986–2012 (publications of the Gerhart-Hauptmann-Gesellschaft 3, 4, 12 and 15)
• Rudolf Ziesche: The manuscript legacy of Gerhart Hauptmann. - Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1977-2000 (Berlin State Library Prussian Cultural Heritage: Catalogs of the Manuscript Department, Series 2, Vol. 2, T. 1-4)

Biographies and general presentations

• Hans Daiber : Gerhart Hauptmann or The Last Classic . Molden, Vienna 1971.
• Joseph Gregor : Gerhart Hauptmann. The work and our time . Diana-Verlag, Vienna 1952 (reprint of the Vienna 1944 edition).
• Karl S. Guthke : Gerhart Hauptmann. Worldview in the factory . 2nd, completely revised and expanded edition. Fink, Munich 1980, ISBN 3-7720-1292-2 .
• Hans-Egon Hass :  Captain, Gerhart Johann Robert. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , pp. 103-107 ( digitized version ).
• Eberhard Hilscher : Gerhart Hauptmann. Life and work . Verlag der Nation, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-373-00444-6 .
• Sigfrid Hoefert: Gerhart Hauptmann (Metzler Collection; 107). 2., through and additional edition. Metzler, Stuttgart 1982, ISBN 3-476-12107-0 .
• Wolfgang Leppmann: Gerhart Hauptmann. A biography. Ullstein, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-548-36957-0 (reprint of the Frankfurt / M. 1986 edition).
• Friedhelm Marx : Gerhart Hauptmann (Universal Library; 17608). Reclam-Verlag , Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-15-017608-5 .
• Jürgen Nelles: Gerhart Hauptmann (literature compact). Tectum, Baden-Baden 2018, ISBN 978-3-8288-4016-4 .
• Gerhart Pohl : Am I still in my house? The last days of Gerhart Hauptmann . Lettner-Verlag, Berlin-Dahlem 1953; Reprint Plöttner Verlag , Leipzig 2011, ISBN 978-3-86211-044-5 .
• Paul Schlenther : Gerhart Hauptmann. Life and works. Fischer, Berlin 1897.
• Joachim Seyppel : Gerhart Hauptmann (heads of the 20th century; 121). Revised new edition. Morgenbuch-Verlag, Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-371-00378-7 .
• Peter Sprengel : Gerhart Hauptmann. Epoch, work, effect . Beck, Munich 1984, ISBN 3-406-30238-6 .
• Peter Sprengel : The poet stood on the high coast. Gerhart Hauptmann in the Third Reich. Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-549-07311-7 .
• Peter Sprengel : Gerhart Hauptmann: Bourgeoisie and great dream; a biography , Munich: Beck, 2012, ISBN 978-3-406-64045-2
• Kurt Lothar Tank: Gerhart Hauptmann. With self-testimonials and picture documents. Rowohlt, Hamburg 1959, 28th edition available (publisher Reinbek), ISBN 3-499-50027-2 .

Other secondary literature

Books

• Adrian von Arburg, Wlodzimierz Borodziej, Jurij Kostjaschow: When the Germans were gone. Rowohlt, Reinbek near Hamburg 2007, ISBN 978-3-499-62204-5 .
• Neville E. Alexander: Studies on the change of style in the dramatic work of Gerhart Hauptmann. Metzler, Stuttgart 1964 (dissertation, University of Tübingen 1961)
• Jean Améry : Gerhart Hauptmann. The eternal German . Stieglitz-Verlag, Mühlacker 1963.
• Ruth Bauer: The image of man in Gerhart Hauptmann's drama. Dissertation, University of Freiburg / B. 1950.
• Carl F. Behl: Ways to Gerhart Hauptmann (Gerhart-Hauptmann-Schriften; 4). Publishing house Deutsche Volksbücherei, Goslar 1948.
• Carl F. Behl: Dialogue with Gerhart Hauptmann. Desch, Munich 1949.
• Carl F. Behl et al. (Author), Mechthild Peiffer-Voigt (edit.): Chronicle of Gerhart Hauptmann's life and work. Bergstadtverlag Korn, Würzburg 1993, ISBN 3-87057-172-1 (reprint of the Munich 1957 edition).
• Gisela Beissenhirtz: Studies on the concept of fate in Gerhart Hauptmann's late work. Dissertation, University of Kiel 1960.
• Hans von Brescius: Gerhart Hauptmann. Current events and consciousness in unknown self-testimonies. 2nd, improved edition. Bouvier Verlag, Bonn 1977, ISBN 3-416-01221-6 .
• Rüdiger Bernhardt: "... the advice of the gods is done!". Gerhart Hauptmann's Delphi was on Hiddensee. The poet from 1933 to 1945. Projekt-Verlag 188, Halle 2006, ISBN 3-86634-168-7 .
• Edward Białek, Mirosława Czarnecka (eds.): Carl and Gerhart Hauptmann. Between regional appropriation and European perspectives. Neisse-Verlag, Dresden 2006, ISBN 3-934038-79-4 .
• Christian Büttrich : Gerhart Hauptmann's "Till Eulenspiegel". Mythology and mythical imagery. Verlag Hahn, Hanover 1992, ISBN 3-7752-5500-1 (also dissertation FU Berlin 1972).
• Franz J. Burk: Ancient sources and models of Gerhart Hauptmann's atrid tetralogy . Dissertation, University of Marburg 1953.
• Joseph Chapiro: Conversations with Gerhart Hauptmann. First complete text edition. Ullstein Verlag, Frankfurt / Main 1996, ISBN 3-548-35609-5 .
• Roy C. Cowen: Captain Comment. 2 volumes. inkler, Munich 1980–1981.
  • Vol. 1 On the dramatic work . 1980, ISBN 3-538-07030-X .
  • Vol. 2 On the non-dramatic work . 1981, ISBN 3-538-07035-0 .
• Wolfgang Beutin: Gerhart Hauptmann. In: Award-winning. Peter Lang Verlag, Frankfurt a. M. 2012, ISBN 978-3-631-63297-0 , pp. 77-98.
• Wolfgang de Bruyn , Antje Johanning, Association for the Promotion of Gerhart-Hauptmann-Houses e. V. (Ed.): Gerhart Hauptmann and his houses: Hiddensee - Erkner - Schreiberhau - Agnetendorf. Findling, 2007, ISBN 978-3-933603-39-5 .
• Wolfgang de Bruyn, Stefan Rohlfs (ed.): Gerhart Hauptmann and the music. Quintus-Verlag, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-947215-10-2 .
• Peter Delvaux: Ancient Myths and Current Events. Structure of meaning and time references in Gerhart Hauptmann's atrid tetralogy. Rodopi-Verlag, Amsterdam 1992, ISBN 90-5183-424-1 , (also dissertation, University of Amsterdam 1992).
• Peter Delvaux: Suffering should teach. Historical connections in Gerhart Hauptmann's atrid tetralogy. Rodopi-Verlag, Amsterdam 1994, ISBN 90-5183-709-7 .
• Klemens Dieckhöfer: Poetry and Medicine. On the personality structure, physical constitution in his poetic work and on the medical profession of the medical figures in Gerhart Hauptmann's works. Deutscher Wissenschafts-Verlag , Baden-Baden 2012 (= DWV-Schriften zur Medizingeschichte. Volume 13; Specialized prose research - Transgressions of boundaries. Supplement 2), ISBN 978-3-86888-051-9 (also Philosophical Dissertation Olomouc).
• Gustav Erdmann: Gerhart Hauptmann. Experienced world and designed work. Dissertation, University of Greifswald 1957.
• Ralph Fiedler: Gerhart Hauptmann's late dramas. Bergstadtverlag, Munich 1954.
• Günther Fuhrmann: The Atrid Myth in Modern Drama. Captain, O'Neill , Sartre . Dissertation, University of Würzburg 1950.
• Margarita Gieselberg: Formative forces of drama in Gerhart Hauptmann, examined in four works. Dissertation, University of Bonn 1955 ("The White Savior", " Michael Kramer ", " The poor Heinrich " and " The Rats ").
• Hans-Joachim Hahn (Ed.): Gerhart Hauptmann and "The Jews". Constellations and constructions in life and work. Neisse-Verlag, Dresden 2005, ISBN 3-934038-40-9 .
• Karl Hemmerich: Gerhart Hauptmanns Veland. Its origin and its interpretation. Dissertation, University of Würzburg 1935.
• Monica Hensel: The figure of Christ in Gerhart Hauptmann's work. Dissertation, University of Berlin 1957.
• Frederick W. Heuser: Gerhart Hauptmann. To his life and work. Niemeyer, Tübingen 1961.
• Klaus Hildebrandt : Gerhart Hauptmann and the story. Delp, Munich 1968.
• Klaus Hildebrandt: Gerhart Hauptmann's naturalistic dramas. “Die Weber”, “Rose Bernd”, “Die Ratten”; Topic, development, design principles, structure. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-486-85621-9 .
• Klaus Hildebrandt (Ed.): Krzysztof A. Kuczyński (Ed.): Companions of Gerhart Hauptmann. Sponsors, biographers, performers . Würzburg: Bergstadtverl. Korn 2002, ISBN 3-87057-245-0 .
• Klaus Hildebrandt (Ed.): Krzysztof A. Kuczyński (Ed.): Gerhart Hauptmanns Freundeskreis. International studies . Edition Expol, Włocwławek 2006, ISBN 83-921860-4-4 .
• Sigfrid Hoefert: Gerhart Hauptmann and the film. With unpublished film drafts by the poet (publications of the Gerhart-Hauptmann-Gesellschaft; 7). Verlag Erich Schmidt, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-503-03728-4 .
• Jenny C. Hortenbach: Striving for freedom and destructiveness: women in the dramas of August Strindberg and Gerhart Hauptmann (= German literature series of Norwegian universities and colleges , No. 2: Scandinavian University Books ), Universitetsforlaget, Oslo 1965, DNB 363864148 (revised dissertation).
• Gerhard Hurtig: The light symbolism in Gerhart Hauptmann's work. Dissertation, University of Marburg 1956.
• Antje Johanning: The Gerhart Hauptmann collections from the property of Anja Hauptmann. Thelem Universitätsverlag, 2006, ISBN 3-939888-00-1 .
• Ulrich Lauterbach (Ed.): Reality and Dream. Gerhart Hauptmann. Verlag Reichert, Wiesbaden 1987, ISBN 3-88226-399-7 (catalog of the exhibition of the same name).
• Friedrich Leiner: The thought of rebirth in the life and work of Gerhart Hauptmann. Dissertation, University of Munich 1955.
• Wolfgang Leppmann: Gerhart Hauptmann. A biography. Ullstein Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-548-36957-0 .
• Cezary Lipiński, Edward Białek: … pardon (t) oh master, surrounded by glory and glamor…. Explorations about Carl and Gerhart Hauptmann, Dresden 2009, ISBN 978-3-940310-73-6 .
• Hans Mayer : Gerhart Hauptmann . Hahn publishing house, Velber near Hanover 1970.
• Christel E. Meier: The motive of suicide in Gerhart Hauptmann's work. Ergon-Verlag, Würzburg 2005, ISBN 3-89913-425-7 (plus dissertation, University of Erlangen 2004).
• Dietrich Meinert: Hellenism and Christianity in Gerhart Hauptmann's atrid tetralogy. Balkema Books, Amsterdam 1964.
• Günter Metken: Studies on the speech gesture in Gerhart Hauptmann's dramatic work. Dissertation, University of Munich 1954.
• Rolf Michaelis : The black Zeus. Gerhart Hauptmann's second way . Argon-Verlag, Berlin 1962.
• Barbara Neymeyr : Intertextual Transformations: Goethe's “Werther”, Büchner's “Lenz” and Hauptmann's “Apostle” as a productive area of ​​tension. Universitätsverlag Winter, Heidelberg 2012. ISBN 978-3-8253-6044-3 .
• Eberhard Nitzsche: Gerhart Hauptmann. Greek culture and humanism. Dissertation, University of Berlin 1953.
• Alexander M. Pfleger: Gerhart Hauptmann's atrid tetralogy. "... the Kere Strudel ..." Divinity and humanity in conflict. Verlag Kovač, Hamburg 2003, ISBN 3-8300-0868-6 .
• Jörg Platiel: Myth and Mystery. The reception of the Middle Ages in Gerhart Hauptmann's work. Lang, Frankfurt / M. 1993, ISBN 3-631-44767-1 (also dissertation, Munich 1991).
• Heiko Postma : A great classic a. D.? About the playwright, storyteller and epic poet Gerhart Hauptmann . jmb, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-940970-11-4 .
• Christa von Ravenstein: The Luciferic in Gerhart Hauptmann. Dissertation, University of Freiburg im Breisgau 1952.
• Helge Ries: The return to myth in Gerhart Hauptmann's atrid tetralogy. Dissertation, University of Frankfurt / M. 1952.
• Yong-Don Roh: Gerhart Hauptmann and the women. Studies on naturalistic work . Carl Böschen Verlag , Siegen 1998, ISBN 3-932212-11-8 .
• Rainer Rosenberg: The structure of Gerhart Hauptmann's atrid tetralogy. Dissertation, University of Jena 1959.
• Daria Santini: Gerhart Hauptmann between modernity and tradition. New perspectives on the Atrid tetralogy. Verlag E. Schmidt, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-503-03792-6 .
• Gregor Schmeja: Varieties of ambivalence. Self- and object images in the context of oedipal conflicts and the early mother-child relationship in Gerhart Hauptmann's text fantasies. Verlag Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg 2005, ISBN 3-8260-3187-3 .
• Walter Schmitz: The house on Wiesenstein. Gerhart Hauptmann's poetic living. Thelem, Dresden 2010, ISBN 978-3-935712-36-1 .
• Peter Sprengel : The Reality of Myths. Investigations into the work of Gerhart Hauptmann based on the handwritten estate (publications of the Gerhart-Hauptmann-Gesellschaft; 2). Verlag E. Schmidt, Berlin 1981, ISBN 3-503-01689-9 (plus habilitation thesis, TU Berlin 1982).
• Bernhard Tempel: Alcohol and Eugenics. An attempt on Gerhart Hauptmann's artistic self-image. Thelem, Dresden 2010, ISBN 978-3-942411-01-1 (also dissertation, Free University of Berlin).
• Bernhard Tempel: Gerhart Hauptmann's story Mignon. With first printing of the first version and materials. Verlag E. Schmidt, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-503-04951-7 .
• Joachim Tettenborn: The tragic with Gerhart Hauptmann. Dissertation, University of Jena 1950.
• Heinz Dieter Tschörtner: Gerhart Hauptmann. A bibliographical contribution to his 100th birthday. German Academy of Arts, Berlin 1962.
• Heinz Dieter Tschörtner: Hoping for a tremendous amount. To Gerhart Hauptmann; Work and effect. Book publisher Der Morgen, Berlin 1986, ISBN 3-371-00002-8 .
• Heinz Dieter Tschörtner, Sigfrid Hoefert (Ed.): Conversations and interviews with Gerhart Hauptmann. Verlag E. Schmidt, Berlin 1994, ISBN 3-503-03088-3 .
• Heinz Dieter Tschörtner: The sea blows incessantly. New Captain Studies. Bergstadtverlag Korn, Würzburg 1996, ISBN 3-87057-190-X .
• Željko Uvanović: Ethical Individualism and Obedience to Authority. On a problem in the drama and life of Gerhart Hauptmann in the years 1914–1946. Cuvillier Verlag, Göttingen 1998, ISBN 3-89712-065-8 (also dissertation, University of Zagreb 1998).
• Felix A. Voigt: Gerhart Hauptmann and antiquity. Verlag E. Schmidt, Berlin 1965 (former title: Antike and antique attitude to life with Gerhart Hauptmann ).
• Felix A. Voigt, Walter A. Reichart: Captain and Shakespeare . A contribution to the history of Shakespeare's survival in Germany (Gerhart-Hauptmann-Schriften; 3). Publishing house of the Deutsche Volksbücherei, Goslar 1947.
• Felix A. Voigt: Gerhart Hauptmann Studies 1934–1958. Verlag E. Schmidt, Berlin 1999 ( Google reading sample ).
• Peter-Christian Wegner: Gerhart Hauptmann's Greek dramas. A contribution to the relationship between psyche and myth. Dissertation, University of Erlangen 1968.
• Wilfried van der Will: Requirements and possibilities for a symbolic language in Gerhart Hauptmann's work. Dissertation, University of Cologne 1962.
• Werner Ziegenfuß : Gerhart Hauptmann. Poetry and social idea of ​​bourgeois humanity . De Gruyter, Berlin 1948.

Essays

• Karl Voss: In Gerhart Hauptmann's footsteps in Berlin. In: The Bear of Berlin . 1989/1990 yearbook of the Association for the History of Berlin. Thirty-eighth and thirty-ninth episodes, 1989/1990. Edited by Gerhard Kutzsch. Westkreuz-Verlag, Berlin / Bonn: 1990, pp. 31-50.
• Andrea Rudolph: The connection between text and space appears necessary as meaning and form. G. Hauptmann's " Bahnwärter Thiel " and " Before Sunrise ". In: Lubowitzer Yearbook , 2006.
• Eberhard Rohse : The "End of the Song"? To Gerhart Hauptmann's “Deutschlandlied” reception. In: Marek Halub and Kurt GP Schuster (eds.): Hoffmann von Fallersleben. International Symposium Wroclaw / Breslau 2003. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte, Bielefeld 2005 (= Braunschweiger Contributions to German Language and Literature, Volume 8), ISBN 3-89534-538-5 , pp. 267–284.
• Alexander M. Pfleger: Thomas Mann's reception of Gerhart Hauptmann's verse dramas. In: Gerhart-Hauptmann-Blätter , Vol. 6 (2004), Heft I, pp. 4-8.
• Elke Steinmeyer: "And please, (...) that nothing breaks my silence from now on." On the use of silence in Gerhart Hauptmann's atrid tetralogy. In: Asko Timonen et al. (Ed.): The language of silence, Vol. 2 . Turum Yliopisto, Turku 2004, ISBN 951-29-2053-0 , pp. 164-172.
• Heinz Dieter Tschörtner: Gerhart Hauptmann's last childhood friend Josef Block from Bernstadt (1863–1943). In: Yearbook of the Silesian Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Breslau. Vol. 38/39 (1997/1998) [1998], pp. 773-781.
• Marek Zybura: Advertisement for the "Olympian". Krakauer Zeitung and Gerhart Hauptmann. In: Ders .: lateral thinker, mediator, border crosser. Contributions to Polish and German literary and cultural history . Neisse-Verlag, Dresden 2007, ISBN 978-3-934038-87-5 .
• Zehra Gülmüş: Gerhart Hauptmann's reception in Turkey. An inventory with a focus on the Turkish translations. In: AO Öztürk, C. Sakallı and MT Öncü (eds.): Reception of German-language literature in Turkey I (= German Studies in Turkey, Vol. 8). Logos Verlag, Berlin 2020, ISBN 978-3-8325-5213-8 , pp. 121-140.

Secondary fiction

• Hans Pleschinski : Wiesenstein. CH Beck, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-406-70061-3 (novel, presentation of the last months of life).

Film adaptations

(Cf. Sigfrid Hoefert: International Bibliography on Gerhart Hauptmann's work . Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin 2003, pp. 115–130)

• Atlantis (silent film, Denmark 1913). Screenplay: Karl-Ludwig Schrøder, Axel Garde; Director: August Blom . With Olaf Fønss and Ida Orloff
• Rose Bernd (silent film, Germany 1919). Script and direction: Alfred Halm ; Music: Giuseppe Becce . With Henny Porten , Emil Jannings , Paul Bildt , Werner Krauss
• The rats (silent film, Germany 1921). Screenplay: Julius Sternheim (1881-19 ??); Director: Hanns Kobe . With Emil Jannings (Bruno), Lucie Höflich (Mrs. John), Eugen Klöpfer (Mr. John), Marija Leiko (Piperkarcka)
• Hanneles Himmelfahrt (silent film, Germany 1922). Screenplay: Willy Rath; Director: Urban Gad ; Music: Max von Schillings . With Margarete Schlegel . Premiere April 22, 1922 Berlin ( State Opera Unter den Linden )
• Phantom (silent film, Germany 1922). Screenplay: Thea von Harbou , Hans Heinrich von Twardowski ; Director: Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau ; Music: Leo Spies . With Alfred Abel (Lorenz Lubota), Frida Richard (Lorenz's mother), Aud Egede-Nissen (Melanie, Lorenz's sister), Hans Heinrich von Twardowski (Hugo, Lorenz's brother), Karl Etlinger (master bookbinder Starke), Lil Dagover ( Marie, his daughter), Grete Berger (pawnbroker Schwabe, Lorenz's aunt), Anton Edthofer (Wigottschinski), Ilka Grüning ("Baronin"), Lya de Putti (Melitta, her daughter / Veronika Harlan), Adolf Klein ( hardware dealer Harlan) , Olga Engl (Harlan's wife), Heinrich Witte (official). WP 13 (15?) November 1922 Berlin ( Ufa-Palast am Zoo )
• Die Weber (silent film, Germany 1927). Script: Fanny Carlsen, Willy Haas ; Director: Friedrich Zelnik . With Paul Wegener . Premiere May 15, 1927 Berlin ( Capitol )
• The beaver fur (silent film, Germany 1927/28). Script: Fanny Carlsen, Willy Haas; Director: Erich Schönfelder; Music: Pasquale Perris. With Lucie Höflich, La Jana
• Who pays me for my work ... Verses by Heinrich from Hauptmann's “Sunken Glocke” (short film, Germany 1929). With Eugen Klöpfer
• Hanneles Himmelfahrt (Germany 1933/34). Script and direction: Thea von Harbou; Music: Gottfried Huppertz . With Inge Landgut
• The beaver fur (Germany 1937). Screenplay: Georg C. Klaren ; Director: Jürgen von Alten ; Music: Leo Leux . With Ida Wüst , Heinrich George , Rotraut Richter , Sabine Peters , Heinz von Cleve , Ernst Waldow , Ewald Wenck , Eduard Wenck , Blandine Ebinger , Albert Florath . Premiere December 3, 1937 in Breslau
• The ruler (Germany 1936/37, after before sunset ). Screenplay: Thea von Harbou, Curt J. Braun (1903–1961); Director: Veit Harlan ; Music: Wolfgang Zeller . With Emil Jannings (Matthias Clausen), Paul Wagner (Professor Wolfgang Clausen, his eldest son), Maria Koppenhöfer (Paula Clausen, his wife), Hilde Körber (Bettina Clausen, his younger daughter), Käthe Haack (Ottilie Klamroth, his older daughter ), Herbert Hübner (director Erich Klamroth, her husband), Hannes Stelzer (Egert Clausen, his youngest son), Marianne Hoppe (Inken Peters), Helene Fehdmer (1872–1939) (Mrs. Peters, her mother), Harald Paulsen (lawyer Hanefeld), Paul Bildt (Winter servant)
• Die Jungfern vom Bischofsberg (Germany 1942/43). Script: Erich Ebermayer ; Director: Peter Paul Brauer (1900–1959); Music: Hans Ebert. With Sonja Ziemann . Premiere May 28, 1943 in Breslau
• The beaver fur (Germany [GDR] 1949). Screenplay: Robert Adolf Stemmle ; Director: Erich Engel ; Music: Ernst Roters (1892–1961). With Werner Hinz , Fita Benkhoff
• Queen of the Arena (Germany [FRG] 1952, based on the novel Wanda ). Screenplay: Rolf Meyer , Kurt E. Walter (1908–1960); Director: Rolf Meyer ; Music: Michael Jary . With Jan Hendriks , Camilla Horn , Grethe Weiser , Hans Söhnker , Paul Kemp , Peter Alexander , Erwin Bredow (1922–1980), Lonny Kellner , Bruce Low , Maria Litto , Horst Beck (1913–1974). Premiere December 19, 1952
• The rats (Germany [FRD] 1955). Screenplay: Jochen Huth (1905–1984); Director: Robert Siodmak ; Music: Werner Eisbrenner . With Maria Schell , Curd Jürgens , Heidemarie Hatheyer , Gustav Knuth
• The peace festival (Germany [FRG] 1959). Screenplay and direction: Werner Völger (* 1908). With Harry Meyen
• Fuhrmann Henschel (Austria 1956). Screenplay: Franz (Spencer-) Schulz ; Director: Josef von Báky ; Music: Alois Melichar . With Walter Richter , Nadja Tiller
• Before sunset (Germany [FRD] 1956). Screenplay: Jochen Huth; Director: Gottfried Reinhardt (1913–1994); Music: Werner Eisbrenner . With Hans Albers , Annemarie Düringer , Martin Held , Hannelore Schroth
• Rose Bernd (Germany [FRG] 1956/57). Screenplay: Walter Ulbrich ; Director: Wolfgang Staudte ; Music: Herbert Windt . With Maria Schell, Käthe Gold , Siegfried Lowitz
• Dorothea Angermann (Germany [FRG] 1958/59). Screenplay: Herbert Reinecker ; Director: Robert Siodmak ; Music: Siegfried Franz . With Ruth Leuwerik
• The rats (Germany [FRD] 1959). Screenplay: Gerd Oelschlegel (1926–1998); Directed by John Olden . With Charlotte Kramm , Edith Hancke , Elisabeth Flickenschildt , Walter Richter
• Herbert Engelmann (Germany [FRG] 1959). Screenplay: Carl Dietrich Carls, Hans Lietzau ; Director: Hans Lietzau; Music: Kurt Heuser . With Erich Fiedler , Hans Leibelt , Hilde Körber
• The beaver fur (Germany [FRG] 1962). Written and directed by John Olden . With Inge Meysel
• Rose Bernd (Germany [FRG] 1962). Director: Gustav Burmester ; Music: Siegfried Franz . With Bruno Dallansky, Carl Wery , Ida Krottendorf , Marianne Hoppe
• The red rooster (Germany [FRG] 1962). Director: John Olden, with Inge Meysel and Rudolf Platte
• Before sunset (Germany [FRD] 1962). Director: Karl-Heinz Stroux . With Ernst Deutsch , Gerda Maurus , Ingrid Ernest
• Railway attendant Thiel (Germany [FRG] 1968). Director: Werner Völger . With Heinz Baumann , Hans Epskamp , Eva Kotthaus , Ursula Steiner and Bernhard Völger .
• The rats (Germany [FRG] 1969). Director: Peter Beauvais . With Inge Meysel , Reinhard Kolldehoff , Sabine Sinjen , Uwe Friedrichsen
• Before sunset (Germany [FRG] 1970). Director: Oswald Döpke . With Werner Hinz , Cordula Trantow , Doris Schade , Herbert Fleischmann , Anneli Granget , Günter Strack , Luitgard Im , Konrad Georg
• Die Weber (Germany [FRG] 1971). Director: Günter Gräwert . With Siegfried Lowitz (1930s)
• The beaver fur (Germany [FRD] 1975). Director: Franz Peter Wirth ; Music: Eugen Thomass . With Paul Dahlke , Wolfgang Reichmann
• Before sunrise (Germany [FRG] 1976). Director: Oswald Döpke
• Railway attendant Thiel (Germany [GDR] 1982). Director: Hans-Joachim Kasprzik ; Music: Karl-Ernst Sasse
• The beaver fur (Germany [GDR] 1983). Director: Helmut Straßburger (* 1930), Ernstgeorg Hering
• The beaver fur (Germany 1993). Director: Thomas Langhoff
• Before sunset (Germany 1999). Screenplay: Ulli Stephan; Director: Dagmar Damek (* 1944). With Harald Juhnke , Claudine Wilde , Julia Stemberger

Radio plays

• And Pippa dances ( NORAG (Hamburg) 1924). Director: NN With Ida Orloff (Pippa), Richard Ohnsorg (The Glassworks Director ), Arthur Wehrlin (The old Hellriegel, a former glassblower), Friedrich Siems (Michel Hellriegel, a traveling craftsperson), NN (Wann, a mythical personality), Julius Hansen (Schädler, master glass painter), Hermann Beyer (Anton, master glass painter), etc. First broadcast: October 18, 1924 (live without recording)
• Hanneles Himmelfahrt ( Schlesische Funkstunde AG (Breslau) 1924). Original broadcast: November 15, 1924 (live without recording)
• Hanneles Himmelfahrt (Schlesische Funkstunde AG (Breslau) 1924). Original broadcast: December 25, 1924 (live without recording)
• Hanneles Himmelfahrt ( MIRAG (Leipzig) 1925). Director: Julius Witte . With Lina Monnard (Hannele), Herbert Dirrmoser (Gottwald, teacher), Traude Alsen (sister Martha), Käthe Laue-Henseler (the deceased mother), Karl Kessler (father Mattern), Hedda Wardegg (tulip, poor housekeeper ), Arthur Niklas ( Pleschke, Armenhäusler), Karl Kendzia (Hanke, Armenhäusler / Dr. Wachler) and others first broadcast: January 25, 1925 (live without recording)
• Hanneles Himmelfahrt (MIRAG (Leipzig) 1925). Director: Julius Witte. With Lina Monnard (Hannele), Eugen Aberer (Gottwald, teacher), Traude Alsen (sister Martha), Elionor Orf (the deceased mother), Karl Kessler (father Mattern), Hedda Wardegg (tulip, poor housekeeper), Ernst Koch (Pleschke, Armenhäusler ), Paul Neuglas (Hanke, Armenhäusler / Dr. Wachler) and others first broadcast: March 8, 1925 (live without recording)
• The sunken bell ( WEFAG (Münster / Cologne) 1925). First broadcast: November 15, 1925 (live without recording)
• Hanneles Himmelfahrt ( Funk-Hour AG (Berlin) 1925). Introduction: Alfred Kerr . Director: Alfred Braun . With Edith Fritz (Hannele), Alfred Braun (Gottwald, teacher), Johanna Hofer (sister Martha, deaconess), Albert Florath (Dr. Wachler), Charlotte Hagenbruch (Peterchen), Jeanette Bethge (poor housekeeper) and others (Live without recording)
• Hanneles Himmelfahrt (NORAG (Hamburg) 1925). Director: Ernst Pündter . With Ida Orloff (Hannele), Theodor Loos (Gottwald, teacher), Käthe Schmidt-Steiner (sister Martha, deaconess), Lotte Schloß (tulip, pauper), Edith Scholz (Hedwig, pauper), John Walter (Pleschke, pauper), Hans Freundt (Berger, Head of Office), Karl Pündter (Doctor Wachler), Herbert Hübner (Mattern) and others First broadcast: December 5, 1925 (live without recording)
• Elga (Schlesische Funkstunde AG (Breslau) 1926). Original broadcast: March 13, 1926 (live without recording)
• Hanneles Himmelfahrt (NORAG (Hamburg) 1926). First broadcast: May 1, 1926 (live without recording)
• The weavers ( NORAG (Hamburg) 1926). Director: Hermann Beyer . With Ernst Sattler (1930s, Parchent manufacturer), Hedi Bohn (Frau Dreißiger), Georg Pahl (Pfeifer , travel agent), Hans Freundt (Neumann, cashier at Dreißiger / a traveler), Karl Pündter (Pastor Kittelhaus), Alice Ohlsen (Mrs Pastor Kittelhaus ), Eugen Moebius (Heide, police administrator) and others. First broadcast: May 1, 1926 (live without recording)
• Schluck and Jau (NORAG (Hamburg) 1926). Director: Hermann Beyer. With Karl Pündter (Jon Rand), Ferdinand Krantz (Karl), John Walter (Walmstein), Stella Hay (Sidselill), Edith Scholz (Mrs. Adeluz) Walter Schneider (Jau), Hans Freundt (Schluck), Edith Künzel (Hadit) and others Original broadcast: June 27, 1926 (live without recording)
• The beaver fur (MIRAG (Leipzig) 1926). Introduction and direction: Julius Witte. With Karl Kessler (von Wehrhahn, head of office), Karl Huth (Krüger, reindeer), Hans Zeise-Gött (Doctor Fleischer), Klein-Wötzel (Philipp, his son), Adolf Winds (Motes, hunting writer), Käthe Huth (Mrs. Motes ), Marie Dalldorf (Mrs. Wolff, laundress), Wilhelm Engst (Julius Wolff, her husband), Martina Otto-Morgenstern (Leontine), Eva Bischoff (Adelheid) and others. First broadcast: August 21, 1926 (live without recording)
• The Peace Festival (WEFAG (Münster / Cologne) 1926). Director: Hanns Ulmann .

Original broadcast: September 27, 1926 (live without recording)

• Hanneles Himmelfahrt (WEFAG (Münster / Cologne) 1926). Director: Hanns Ulmann.

Original broadcast: November 8, 1926 (live without recording)

• The sunken bell (NORAG (Hamburg) 1926). Director: Hans Bodenstedt . With Hans Mühlhofer (Heinrich, a bell founder), Hedwig Herder (Magda, his wife), NN (First Boy), Herbert Asmis (Second Boy), Karl Pündter (The Pastor), Hans Freundt (The Schoolmaster), Wilhelm Karthaus (The Barber), Ernst Pündter (The Nickel Man, an Elemental Spirit)

including original broadcast: November 11, 1926 (live without recording)

• The Weber ( Funk-Hour AG (Berlin) 1926). Director: Alfred Braun . Original broadcast: November 19, 1926 (live without recording)
• The beaver fur (NWDR Hamburg 1945). Director: Ludwig Cremer . With Gustl Busch (Frau Wolff), Kurt Meister (Julius Wolff), Gustav Burmester (Mitteldorf), Hilde Schmeck (Leontine), Erich Weiher (Krüger), Helmut Käutner (von Wehrhahn), Eugen Müller-Franken (Motes), Hermann Stein (Dr. Fleischer), Dagmar Altrichter
• Elga ( SDR 1946). Director: Clare Schimmel . With: Johannes Marx (announcer), Heinz Walter Weiss (a knight), Walter Thurau (servant of the knight), Michael Konstantinow (a monk / Count Starschenski), Elsa Pfeiffer (Marina, his mother), Mila Kopp (Elga, his wife / Liedgesang), Irmgard Busch (The Nurse), Kurt A. Jung (Dimitri) and others. First broadcast: July 7, 1946
• Agamemnon's death ( DIAS 1946). Director: Hanns Korngiebel . First broadcast: July 28, 1946
• Elga ( BR 1947). Director: Helmut Brennicke . Speaker: Heidi Kürschner (Elga) and Paul Dahlke (Graf Starschenski). First broadcast: April 27, 1947
• The Eclipses (British Broadcasting 1947). Original broadcast: December 20, 1947
• Winter journey (SDR 1948). Director: Clare Schimmel. Speaker: NN Original broadcast: January 11, 1948
• Hanneles Himmelfahrt (SDR 1949). Director: Clare Schimmel. With Michael Konstantinow (teacher Gottwald / Der Fremde, apparition), Maria Schrems (Hannele Mattern), Elsa Pfeiffer (sister Martha), Eva Bubat (tulip), Herta Stiegler-Schmähl (Hete), Walter Thurau (Pleschke), Wolfgang Warncke ( Hanke), Carl Lange (Seidel) et al. Original broadcast: January 23, 1949
• Poor Heinrich ( NWDR 1949). Director: Wilhelm Semmelroth ; Music: William Keiper. With Horst Caspar , Kurt Lieck , Gerhard Geisler , Emmy Graetz , Peter Esser (1886–1970)
• The beaver fur (NWDR 1952). Director: Wilhelm Semmelroth. With Berta Drews (Mrs. Wolff), Erich Dunskus (Julius Wolff), Haide Lorenz (1925–2004) (Leontine), Marianne Schubart-Vibach (* 1921) (Adelheid), Albert Florath (Krüger), Hermann Pfeiffer (Dr. Fleischer ), Hans Müller-Westernhagen (Wehrhahn), Franz Weber (Mitteldorf), Engelbert Dameris (Glasenapp), Heinz Drache (Motes), Vera Kluth (Mrs. Motes)
• Elga ( RIAS 1952). Director: Hanns Korngiebel (1902–1969). With Antje Weisgerber (Elga), Walter Franck (Starschenski)
• The beaver fur (SDR 1956). Editing and direction: Cläre Schimmel . With Paul Hoffmann (Von Wehrhahn, Head of Office), Horst Beck (Krüger, Rentier), Wolfgang Arps (Doctor Fleischer), Uli Kapteina (Philipp, his son), Kurt Haars (Motes), Maria Wiecke (Mrs. Motes), Mila Kopp ( Mrs. Wolff, laundress), Carl Lange (Julius Wolff, her husband), Ortrud Bechler (Leontine, her daughter), Zita Hitz (Adelheid, her daughter), Richard Bohne (Wulkow, Schiffer), Walter Thurau (Glasenapp, clerk), Hans Helmut Dickow (Mitteldorf, His servant). First broadcast: June 6, 1956
• The beaver fur ( BR 1958). Editing: Walter Netzsch ; Director: Walter Ohm (1915–1997). With Kurt Horwitz (Head of Office), Hans Hermann Schaufuß (Mr. Krüger), Albert Lieven (Dr. Fleischer), Wolfried Lier (Mr. Motes), Edith Schultze-Westrum (Mrs. Motes), Therese Giehse (Mrs. Wolffen), Otto Wernicke (Julius Wolffen), Eva-Ingeborg Scholz (Leontine), Annemarie Wernicke (Adelheid), Gerhard Bienert (Wulkow), Ewald Wenck (Mitteldorf), Klaus W. Krause (1903–1981) (Glasenapp). First broadcast: December 30, 1958
• Lonely people ( SFB 1962). Adaptation and direction: Curt Goetz-Pflug (1919–1967). With Fritz Tillmann (Vockerat), Trudik Daniel (Frau Vockerat), Thomas Holtzmann (Johannes), Sabine Sinjen (Käte), Gisela Uhlen (Anna Mahr), Martin Hirthe (Braun), Paul Günther (Pastor Kollin), Käte Jöken-König (1898–1968) (Gertrud), Ilse Fürstenberg (Mrs. Lehmann)
• Lonely people (BR 1962). Editing and direction: Rudolf Noelte . With Paul Hartmann (Vockerat), Mila Kopp (Mrs. Vockerat), Thomas Holtzmann (Johannes), Gertrud Kückelmann (Käthe), Gerd Vespermann (Braun), Ellen Schwiers (Anna Mahr), Friedrich Maurer (Pastor Kollin), Ellen Mahlke (Mrs. Lehmann), Claudia Bethge (wet nurse)
• Elga (BR / ORF 1962). Director: Otto Ambros
• Fuhrmann Henschel ( HR / SR / DRS 1962). Editing and direction: Ulrich Lauterbach . With Walter Richter (Henschel), Ingeborg Stein (Mrs. Henschel), Krista Keller (Hanne), Rudolf Hofmann (horse dealer Walther), Hans Caninenberg (Siebenhaar), child Borek (Karlchen), Leopold Biberti (1894–1969) (Wermelskirch), Agnes del Sarto (1892–1965) (Mrs. Wermelskirch), Helga Feddersen (Franziska), Arnim Süssenguth (Hauffe), Otto Mächtlinger (1921–1985) (Franz), Curt Bock (George), Eric Schildkraut (1906–1999) ( Fabig), Willy Buser (Master Hildebrandt), Ulrich Lauterbach (Grunert)
• The rats (RIAS 1962). Editing and direction: Hans Lietzau . With Fritz Tillmann (Hassenreuter), Lu Säuberlich (Mrs. Hassenreuter), Christa Oenicke (Walburga), Arthur Schröder (Pastor Spitta), Konstantin Paloff (? –1969 [?]) (Erich Spitta), Maria Wollek (Alice), Helmut Ahner (Käferstein), Klaus Krauleidis (Dr. Kegel), Ernst Wilhelm Borchert (John), Charlotte Joeres (Mrs. John), Günter Pfitzmann (Bruno), Ida Krottendorf (Piperkarcka), Käthe Braun (Sidonie Knobbe), Elisabeth Wiedemann (Selma) , Otto Matthies (1899–1979) (Quaquaro), Else Ehser (Mrs. Kielbacke), Otto Czarski (Schierke)
• Rose Bernd ( SDR 1962). Editing: Otto Heinrich Kühner ; Director: Gustav Burmester . With Solveig Thomas , Erwin Linder , Marianne Hoppe , Bruno Dallansky , Hans Helmut Dickow , Herbert AE Böhme (1897–1984)
• Before sunset (BR / ORF 1963). Editing: Valerie Stiegele ; Director: Heinz-Günter Stamm . With Heinz Hilpert (privy councilor Matthias Clausen), Martin Benrath (Wolfgang Clausen, professor of philosophy), Gisela Uhlen (Clothilde Clausen, his wife), Angela Sallocker (Bettina Clausen), Ilse Lore Eberhardt (Ottilie Clausen), Benno Sterzenbach (Erich Klamroth, her husband), Thomas Braut (Egmont Clausen), Ernst Walter Mitulski (Sanitätsrat Steynitz), Paul Dahlke (Professor Geiger), Gert Westphal (Justizrat Hanefeldt), Edith Schultze-Westrum (Mrs. Peters), Fritz Rasp (Pastor Immoos) among others
• The beaver fur (DGR 1963). Director: Heinz Schimmelpfennig . With Theo Lingen (Wehrhahn), Eduard Wandrey (Krüger), Michael Chevalier (Dr. Fleischer), Rolf Bogus (Philipp), Reinhold Bernt (Motes), Marina Ried (Ms. Motes), Lucie Mannheim (Ms. Wolff), Erich Thormann ( Julius Wolff), Ruth Breitag (Leontine), Edith Hancke (Adelheid), Erich Dunskus (Wulkow), Otto Czarski (Glasenapp), Herbert Weißbach (Mitteldorf)
• The rats (BR 1964). Editing: Jutta Leskien. Director: Walter Ohm. With Heidemarie Hatheyer (Mrs. John), Hanns Ernst Jäger (1910–1973), Lina Carstens , Heidi Treutler , Heidemarie Theobald , René Deltgen , Siegfried Lowitz , Elisabeth Flickenschildt
• The rats ( radio of the GDR 1976). Editing: Marion Rausch; Director: Werner Grunow . With Walfriede Schmitt (Mrs. John), Erik S. Klein (John), Jutta Wachowiak (Piperkarcka), Jörg Gudzuhn (Bruno), Wolfgang Brunecker (Hassenreuter), Kristof-Mathias Lau (Spitta), Siegfried Wittlich (Dr. Kegel), Wolfgang Penz (Käferstein), Georgia Kullmann (Mrs. Hassenreuter), Werner Lierck (1920–1985) (Quaquaro), Blanche Kommerell (Selma)
• Before sunset (GDR 1985). Editing: Ulrich Griebel; Director: Walter Niklaus ; Music: Günter Neubert . With Günter Grabbert (Matthias Clausen), Friedhelm Eberle (Wolfgang), Jörg Lichtenstein (Egmont), Regina Jeske (Bettina), Marylu Poolman (Paula), Ursula Werner (Inken), Carla Valerius (Mrs. Peters), Peter Sodann (Steinitz) , Lutz Riemann (Eibisch), Horst Schönemann (1927–2002) (violinist), Hilmar Eichhorn (Erich), Ellen Hellwig (* 1946) (Otilie), Gert Gütschow (Hanefeld), Wolf Goette (1909–1995) (Pastor Imoos )
• Michael Kramer (RIAS 1987). Editing and direction: Hans Ulrich Minke . With Ernst Wilhelm Borchert (Kramer), Lieselotte Rau (Mrs. Kramer), Erika Skrotzki (Michaline), Sylvester Groth (Arnold), Ernst Jacobi (Lachmann), Conny Diehm (Liese)
• The great fighter pilot, country driver, juggler and magician Till Eulenspiegel adventures, pranks, jokes, faces and dreams (WDR 1989). Editing and direction: Rolf Henniger

Settings

Stage, radio play and film music

• to Bahnwärter Thiel (novella [1887])
  • Karl-Ernst Sasse : Film music (1981/82)
• to Die Weber (1888-1892):
  • Kurt Weill : incidental music (1927?)
• to The Beaver Fur (1892/93):
  • Pasquale Perris: Silent Film Music (1927/28)
  • Leo Leux : film music. Premiere December 3, 1937 in Breslau
  • Ernst Roters (1892–1961): Film music (1949)
  • Eugen Thomass : Film music (1975)
• on Hanneles Ascension (1893):
  • Max Marschalk (1863–1940): incidental music. Premiere November 14, 1893 Berlin ( Royal Theater )
  • Karl Flodin (1858–1925): incidental music (~ 1900)
  • Hubert Bath : incidental music. WP ~ 1901/13 London ( His Majesty's Theater )
  • Erkki Melartin : incidental music (1912)
  • Alexander Kastalski (1856–1926): incidental music (1920)
  • Max von Schillings : Silent Film Music. Premiere April 22, 1922 Berlin ( State Opera Unter den Linden )
  • Hermann Unger (1886–1958): incidental music (undated)
  • Gottfried Huppertz : Film music (1933/34)
  • Werner Wemheuer (1899–1977): incidental music. Premiere 1952 Wiesbaden
  • Karl Robert Marz : incidental music (~ 1962/77 Hannover?)
  • Peter Kiesewetter : radio play music. Original broadcast on the BR school radio (1990s?)
• about Florian Geyer (1891–1895):
  • Edmund Nick : incidental music (undated)
• to The Sunken Bell (1891-1896):
  • August Brunetti-Pisano : Prelude (1897)
  • Konrad Heubner (1860–1905): incidental music (undated)
  • Max Marschalk: incidental music (1906)
  • Flor Alpaerts : incidental music ( De verzonkene klok ; 1907), for string orchestra, harmonium and piano
  • Edmund Uhl (1853–1929): Overture (undated)
  • Hans Hermann (1870–1931): incidental music (undated)
  • Wilhelm Grosz (1894–1939): incidental music (1932)
  • Robert Kahn (1865–1951): incidental music (undated)
  • Bruno Hinze-Reinhold (1877–1964): incidental music (undated)
  • Eduard Lerch: incidental music (undated)
  • O. Stamm: incidental music (undated)
• to Fuhrmann Henschel (1897/98):
  • Alois Melichar : Film music (1956)
• on Schluck und Jau (1899):
  • Max Marschalk: incidental music. Premiere February 3, 1900 Berlin ( Deutsches Theater ). - New version (?): Premiere September 4, 1916 Berlin ( Neue Freie Volksbühne , conductor: Michael Koppelmann)
  • Leoš Janáček : incidental music (1928, fragment). Premiere September 13, 1979 Prague (Künstlerhaus Rudolfinum ; Czech Philharmonic , conductor: Václav Neumann )
  • Paul Hertel : incidental music. Premiere 1986 Bregenz (Theater for Vorarlberg, today Vorarlberger Landestheater Bregenz)
• on Poor Heinrich (1897–1902):
  • William Keiper: Radio Play Music ( NWDR 1949)
• to Rose Bernd (1903):
  • Giuseppe Becce : Silent Film Music (1919)
  • Herbert Windt : Film music (1956/57)
  • Siegfried Franz : Film music (1962)
  • Bert Wrede (* 1961): incidental music. Premiere 2006 Hamburg ( Thalia Theater )
• to And Pippa is dancing! (1905):
  • Max Marschalk: incidental music. Premiere January 19, 1906 Berlin (Lessing Theater)
  • Benno Bardi (1890–1973): incidental music. Premiere 1919 Berlin
  • Edmund Nick (1891–1974): incidental music (undated)
  • Mark Lothar (1902–1985): incidental music (undated)
  • Max Lang (1917–1987): incidental music (undated), for violin, ocarina  / harmonium  / piano / celesta , percussion
• to Die Jungfern vom Bischofsberg (1904–1906):
  • Hans Ebert (1889–1952): Film music. Premiere May 28, 1943 in Breslau
• to The Rats (1909/10):
  • Werner Eisbrenner : Film music (1955)
• on The White Savior (1912–1917):
  • Max Marschalk: incidental music (1928)
• to Phantom (film adaptation [1922] of the story [1915–1921]):
  • Leo Spies : Silent Film Music. WP 13 (15?) November 1922 Berlin ( Ufa-Palast am Zoo )
• on Dorothea Angermann (1925):
  • Siegfried Franz : Film music (1958/59)
• to Wanda (novel [1927]):
  • Michael Jary : Soundtrack ( Queen of the Arena ). Premiere December 19, 1952
• to Before Sunset (1928–1931):
  • Wolfgang Zeller : Film music ( The Ruler , 1936/37)
  • Werner Eisbrenner : Film music (1956)
  • Günter Neubert : radio play music (1985)
  • Werner Puntigam / Marcus Huemer: incidental music. WP 2004 (?) Linz (State Theater)
• on The Golden Harp (1933):
  • Hermann Zilcher : incidental music (op. 72). Premiere October 15, 1933 (?) Munich ( Kammerspiele ) (?)
• on Herbert Engelmann (1924–1941):
  • Kurt Heuser : Film music (1959)
• on Agamemnon's death (1942):
  • Herbert Baumann : incidental music. Premiere November 10, 1947 Berlin ( Deutsches Theater , Kammerspiele)
• on Elektra (1944):
  • Herbert Baumann: incidental music. Premiere November 10, 1947 Berlin (Deutsches Theater, Kammerspiele)
• on Iphigenia in Delphi (1940):
  • Mark Lothar : incidental music. Premiere November 15, 1941 Berlin ( State Theater )

Setting of individual poems to music

• Paul Graener : A Voice and a Cello make music op. 113 (1943). Texts from The Colorful Book

1. It  's such a quiet, holy day - 2.  Weltweh and heavenly longing ("Like a wind harp be your soul ...") - 3.  I came from the plow of the earth (=  Ms. Julie Schubert in the family book )

• Robert Kahn :

• Seven songs (op. 27; 1897) for low voice and piano. Texts from The Colorful Book . Premiere November 6, 1897 Berlin ( University of Music )

1.  World woes and longing for the sky ("Like a wind harp be your soul ...") - 2. It  's such a quiet, holy day - 3.  Chasing screeching seagulls (from thunderstorm moods by the sea ) - 4.  Fog ("Where mine Looking through fog sees ... ") - 5th  evening (" Purple shimmer soaks the vine hills ... ") - 6.  A cricket song (" I am attracted by the scent ... ") - 7.  Gray fog covers lake and land

• Five songs (op.40; 1903)

1.  Do not know where I'm coming - second  mica spark in the ashes smoke - 3.  Sidselills song - fourth  gloomy clouds rise - the fifth  rise

• Gesang der Engel from Hanneles Himmelfahrt (op. 70,2; 1919), from: Drei Gesänge for three-part female choir with piano

• Ulf Lachmund: Zwei Lieder (2004?) For voice and guitar. WP 2004 (?)

1.  The sea blows incessantly ( Moonlight Lark , from The Colorful Book ) - 2.  A black ship quietly cruises by

• Max Marschalk : The sun on those hills . Text from Hanneles Himmelfahrt (1893)
• Willy von Möllendorff : In the night train for male choir. Text from The Colorful Book . Premiere July 1914 Leipzig ( Paulinerkirche ?)
• Paul Natorp (1854-1924): songs (title not determined)
• Carl Prohaska : Five songs op. 7 (1901?) For a lower voice with piano accompaniment. Texts from The Colorful Book

1.  's is a quiet, heil'ger day - 2.  Where my eye sees through fog (=  fog ) - 3rd  hunt Screaming gulls - 4.  Purple shimmer together: water the vines hill (=  evening ) - 5.  Gray fog cover Lake and country

• Arnold Schering (1877–1941): songs (title not determined)
• Hermann Simon (1896–1948): songs (title not determined)
• Otto Sprinzel (life data not determined): From Drei Lieder und Gesänge op. 7 for a voice with pianoforte

1.  Rautendelein am Brunnen - 2.  Rautendelein am Heerd

• Fritz Lissauer (born October 20, 1874 Berlin; † March 7, 1937 Berlin): Reiterlied (op. 52,1; 1914), from: Three patriotic songs for voice and piano
• Fritz Vogel (life data not determined): Gerhart-Hauptmann-Lieder op.7 (Berlin 1947)

1.  Consolation - 2.  Sing me the lullaby, O eternal sea

Concert pieces, program music

• Adolf Becker: Nickelmann  / Rautendelein (1899). Illustrations for The Sunken Bell . Versions for piano / string quartet / string orchestra
• Richard Mors (1874–1946): And Pippa Dances (1906). Symphonic poetry
• Hubert Bath : The Visions of Hannele . Symphonic poem (1913, revised 1920)
• Oskar von Chelius : And Pippa dances (op. 28; 1922). Symphonic poetry
• Hermann Josef Ullrich (1888–1982): Hanneles Himmelfahrt (1922). Symphonic poetry

Musical theater

• The sunken bell . Parodic joke game. Libretto : Paul Kasten. Music: Walter Kollo . Premiere July 27, 1897 Königsberg (Tivoli)
• The sunken bell . Music drama in 5 acts. Libretto and music (op. 80): Heinrich Zöllner . Premiere July 8, 1899 Berlin ( Theater des Westens )
• The sunken bell . Opera in 4 acts. Libretto: Viktor Burenin (1841–1926). Music: Alexei Davidoff (1867–1940). Premiere 1903 Saint Petersburg . German premiere September 30, 1908 Mainz ( City Theater )
• Roždestvenskaja ëlka ( The Christmas Tree ). Musical drama in one act. Libretto:? (after Fjodor Dostojewski , Hans Christian Andersen and Gerhart Hauptmann). Music (op. 21; 1900/01): Wladimir Rebikow . Premiere October 30, 1903 Moscow
• And Pippa is dancing! Opera plan by Arnold Schönberg . Fragment (short score, 68 bars: prelude and recitative; August 1906 – March 1907)
• Elga . Opera. Libretto:?. Music: B. Lowski. Premiere 1909 Düsseldorf
• Hanneles Ascension . Opera plan by Giacomo Puccini (1911)
• Hannele Mattern. Rêve lyrique in 5 acts (1911). Libretto: Jean Thorel and Louis de Gramont . Music: Camille Erlanger . Premiere January 28, 1950 Strasbourg ( Opera House )
• La cloche engloutie . Opera plan by Maurice Ravel (sketches 1906–1912 / 13; not preserved). Original text: The sunken bell in the French translation by A. Ferdinand Hérold
• Elga. Nocturnus in 7 scenes. Libretto: Martha von Zobeltitz (pseudonym Hans von Theruten ?). Music: Erwin Lendvai . Premiered December 16, 1916 Mannheim ( court theater ); Premiere of the 2nd version 1918 Leipzig ( Opera House )
• The sunken bell . Opera in 4 acts (not listed). Libretto:?. Music (1915–1918): Fidelio F. Finke
• The Sunken Bell . Libretto: Charles Henry Meltzer (1853–1936). Music (fragment, 1912–1923; sketches preserved): Carl Ruggles
• Před slunce východem ( Before sunrise ). Opera in one act. Libretto: Bedřich Bělohlávek. Music: Emil František Burian . Premiere November 1925 Prague ( National Theater )
• And Pippa is dancing! Opera plan by Alban Berg (1927)
• Hanneles Ascension . Opera in 2 acts. Libretto: Georg Gräner . Music: Paul Graener . Premiere February 17, 1927 Dresden ( State Opera ) and Breslau (?)
• La campana sommersa ( The Sunken Bell ). Opera in 4 acts. Libretto: Claudio Guastalla. Music: Ottorino Respighi . Premiere (in German translation by Werner Wolff) November 18, 1927 Hamburg ( State Opera ). Italian premiere: April 1929 Rome
• Elga . Opera (1933/34). Libretto: D. Arbenini. Music: Artur Lemba . Premiere March 15, 1934 Tallinn
• Tkalci ( The Weavers ). Opera in 5 pictures. Libretto (based on the Czech Weber translation by Jakub Rydvan and L. Janoušek): Vít Nejedlý (born June 22, 1912 Prague, † January 1/2 [?] January 1945 Dukla). Music: Vít Nejedlý (1939, fragment; supplemented by Jan Hanuš [1915–2004]). Premiere May 1961 in Pilsen
• And Pippa is dancing! Opera in 4 pictures. Libretto:?. Music: Walter Schartner . Premiere June 13, 1948 Halle (Opera House); with Anny Schlemm (Pippa)
• Gulp and Jau . Opera. Libretto:?. Music (1951): Friedrich Radermacher (1924–2020). Premiere 1954 Cologne ( University of Music )
• Elga . Opera. Libretto: Harald Kaufmann . Music: Rudolf Weishappel (born March 25, 1921 Graz, † January 2, 2006 Vienna). First broadcast November 12, 1952, ORF
• (?) Florian Geyer . Opera. Libretto: Joseph Gregor (unclear whether based on a presentation by Hauptmann). Music: Hans Ebert (1889–1952). Premiere 1952
• Michael Kramer . Opera (1957/58). Libretto:?. Music: Wolfgang Streiber (born November 25, 1934 Zurich, † January 5, 1959 Hanover).
• (?) Florian Geyer . Opera in 6 pictures. Libretto:? (Unclear whether according to Hauptmann's presentation). Music: Alfred Böckmann . Premiere 1959
• Hanneles Ascension . Opera. Libretto:?. Music: Erich Urbanner . Premiere May 1962 Vienna
• The winter ballad or the doppelganger . Opera in 3 acts (1966/67). Libretto and music: Jan Meyerowitz . Premiere January 29, 1967 in Hanover
• And Pippa is dancing! Opera in 3 acts (1982). Libretto:?. Music: Peter Richter de Rangenier (born March 25, 1930 in Prague). WP Leipzig (Opera) (?)
• The black mask ( Czarna maska ). Opera in one act. Libretto: Harry Kupfer and Krzysztof Penderecki . Music (1984–1986): Krzysztof Penderecki. WP August 15, 1986 Salzburg ( Kleines Festspielhaus ); Director: Harry Kupfer, Conductor: Woldemar Nelsson
• And Pippa is dancing! Rock opera. Libretto: G. Theobald. Music: Otto Beatus. Premiere June 8, 1996 in Wuppertal ( Schauspielhaus ). Director: T. Mega
• overburden . composition for music theater. Libretto: Jörg Milbradt (based on motifs from Und Pippa tanzt! ). Music (1996/1997): Jörg Herchet . Premiere 1997 Leipzig
• Poor Heinrich . Opera in 3 scenes. Libretto:?. Music (op. 69; after 1995?): Raimund Schwedeler (1925–2011)
• The sunken bell . Opera in 3 acts. Libretto:?. Music (op. 75; ~ 2002?): Raimund Schwedeler
• Railway attendant Thiel . Opera in 8 pictures. Libretto: Julia Cloot and Enjott Schneider . Music: Enjott Schneider. Premiere February 28, 2004 Görlitz (theater); Director: Aron Stiehl , conductor: Eckehard Stier

See also

• Civil tragedy
• Gerhart Hauptmann Society
• Gerhart Hauptmann House (Düsseldorf)
• Captain's archive in Radebeul
• Gerhart Hauptmann Museum (Erkner)
• Gerhart Hauptmann Museum (Hiddensee)

Web links

Wikisource: Gerhart Hauptmann  - Sources and full texts

Commons : Gerhart Hauptmann  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

Wikiquote: Gerhart Hauptmann  - Quotes

Wikiversity: Thomas Mann and Gerhart Hauptmann  - course materials

• Literature by and about Gerhart Hauptmann in the catalog of the German National Library
• Works by and about Gerhart Hauptmann  in the German Digital Library
• Newspaper article about Gerhart Hauptmann in the 20th century press kit of the ZBW - Leibniz Information Center for Economics .
• Works by Gerhart Hauptmann in Project Gutenberg ( currently usually not available for users from Germany )
• Works by Gerhart Hauptmann in the Gutenberg-DE project
• Levke Harders: Gerhart Hauptmann. Tabular curriculum vitae in the LeMO ( DHM and HdG )
• Information from the Nobel Foundation on the award ceremony in 1912 to Gerhart Hauptmann (English)
• Gerhart Hauptmann Museum Association
• Gerhart-Hauptmann-Gesellschaft e. V., Berlin
• Annotated link collection of the university library of the FU Berlin ( Memento from September 4, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) ( Ulrich Goerdten )
• Gerhart Hauptmann House Foundation
• Gerhart Hauptmann collection in the archive of the Academy of Arts, Berlin

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Helmut Scheuer: Gerhart Hauptmann, Der Biberpelz. Frankfurt am Main 1986, p. 46.
2. Jump up ↑ Landkreis Görlitz, branch office Umgebung (Ed.): In love with the environment - landscapes, houses, people. / Překrásnou krajinou podstávkových domů - Krajina, domy, lidé . 2002, ISBN 978-3-929744-73-6 , pp. 98 ( Online ( Memento from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 7.0 MB ]).
3. ↑ Klemens Dieckhöfer: Gerhart Hauptmann (1862-1946) and Nietzsche. Nietzsche's influence on Gerhart Hauptmann and his experience of nature. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015, pp. 123–128, here: p. 123.
4. ^ Letter from Hans Baluschek, Fritz Rhein, Ludwig Stutz, Leo von König, Hans Dammann, Max Liebermann, Heinrich Hübner, Fritz Klimsch, Georg Kolbe, Robert Breyer, Ulrich Hübner, Walter Leistikow, Ernst Oppler, Jacob Alberts, Käthe Kollwitz, August Endell, Julius Klinger, Paul Baum, Lovis Corinth and August Kraus from the Berlin Secession to Gerhart Hauptmann. In: Europeana . November 3, 1905, accessed February 1, 2015 . 
5. ↑ “Today the people have taken their fate into their own hands. Nobody will stand back now, whose forces can be used in the national service. The new government may also count on us wherever it considers our work to be fruitful. None of us will hesitate to do our utmost heartily and to the best of our ability in the welfare service of peace. ”According to Hugo Ball : Die Fingerfertigen . textlog.de
6. ↑ The Gerhart Hauptmann House in the monastery on Hiddensee , Gerhart Hauptmann Museum Association.
7. ↑ ^{a b} Ernst Klee : The cultural lexicon for the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945 . S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-10-039326-5 , p. 223.
8. ↑ Jan-Pieter Barbian: The perfect powerlessness? : Writer, publisher and bookseller in the Nazi state; selected essays . Klartext, Essen 2008, p. 42 f.Barbian refers to a reference in Harry Graf Kessler, Tagebücher 1918–1937, edited by Wolfgang Pfeiffer-Belli, Frankfurt am Main 1961, p. 729 (October 20, 1933), according to which Hermann Count Keyserling rumored this; see Harry Graf Kessler: Das Tagebuch . 1926-1937. Ed .: Sabine Gruber and Ulrich Ott with the collaboration of Christoph Hilse. tape 9 . Cotta, Stuttgart 2010, ISBN 978-3-7681-9819-6 , pp. 610 ( full text in Google Book Search). . Compare also for the confirmation of the application made around August 1, 1933 by Felix A. Voigt 1961 Walter A. Reichart to Rüdiger Bernhardt : Gerhart Hauptmann: a biography . Verlag Atelier im Bauernhaus, Fischerhude 2007, p. 159; Bernhardt leads the negative decision of the application back to the membership ban of the NSDAP .
9. ↑ Othmar Plöckinger: History of a book: Adolf Hitler's "Mein Kampf": 1922–1945 ; a publication by the Institute for Contemporary History. Oldenbourg, Munich 2006, p. 448.
10. ↑ ^{a b c d e} “This is supported by the communication strategy that he pursues when dealing with emigrated Jewish acquaintances. It boils down to ignoring the political compulsion that drove them abroad and assuming that those affected were free to choose a location, which was by no means given. ” Peter Sprengel: The poet stood on the high coast. Gerhart Hauptmann in the Third Reich. Berlin 2009.
11. ↑ ^{a b} Klaus Kreimeier: Cowardly looking away in the Hitler dictatorship. Retrieved June 9, 2020 . 
12. ^ Quotation from Ernst Klee: Das Personenlexikon zum Third Reich . Who was what before and after 1945 (= The time of National Socialism. Vol. 16048). 2nd updated edition. Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2007, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 , p. 232.
13. ↑ Poetry / Hauptmann's estate: Triumphant . In: Der Spiegel . No. 17 , 1962, pp. 59 ( Online - Apr. 25, 1962 ).
14. ↑ Oliver Rathkolb : Loyal to the leader and God-gifted. Artist elite in the Third Reich. Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1991, ISBN 3-215-07490-7 , p. 176; see also: Ernst Klee: Das Kulturlexikon zum Third Reich . S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main 2007, p. 222.
15. ^ Weidner's sanatorium. In: Dresdner-Stadtteile.de. Retrieved February 1, 2018 . 
16. ^ Centenar edition, Vol. 11, p. 1205.
17. ↑ Martin Halter: The expulsion from the Silesian Kingdom of Heaven in Berliner Zeitung from 27/28. 01.2018 p. 8 (magazine)
18. ↑ When the Germans were gone. What happened after the expulsion: East Prussia, Silesia, Sudetenland. Rowohlt, Reinbek 2007, ISBN 978-3-499-62204-5 .
19. ↑ Flimclub in the Culture Forum: The captain transport. District Office Marzahn / Hellersdorf, Department of Culture, March 3, 2016, accessed on July 29, 2016 (press release). 
20. ↑ Ivo Hauptmann: Words of Remembrance. Spoken at the celebration in Hamburg City Hall. July 4, 1946. From Hans von Hülsen (Ed.): Seven speeches given in his memory. Publishing house Deutsche Volksbücherei, Goslar 1947.
21. ^ Albert Rode: Captain and Nietzsche. A contribution to understanding the "sunken bell". 2nd edition Hamburg 1897.
22. ↑ Klemens Dieckhöfer: Gerhart Hauptmann (1862-1946) and Nietzsche. Nietzsche's influence on Gerhart Hauptmann and his experience of nature. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015 (2016), pp. 123–128.
23. ^ Ferdinande Nückel: Captain and Nietzsche. Philosophical dissertation Munich 1923.
24. ↑ Klemens Dieckhöfer: Gerhart Hauptmann (1862-1946) and Nietzsche. Nietzsche's influence on Gerhart Hauptmann and his experience of nature. 2015 (2016), p. 125.
25. ↑ Klemens Dieckhöfer: Gerhart Hauptmanns view of psychiatry. In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 11, 1993, pp. 341-349, here: pp. 342-345.
26. ^ ^{A b} Franz-Josef Payrhuber: Literature Knowledge Gerhart Hauptmann. Stuttgart 1998, p. 20.
27. ↑ Peter Sprengel: Gerhart Hauptmann. In: Hartmut Steinecke (ed.): German poets of the 20th century. Berlin 1996, pp. 31-42, here p. 33.
28. ↑ ^{a b c} Letter of February 19, 1885 to the Danish literary critic Georg Brandes. Quoted from: Peter Sprengel: Gerhart Hauptmann. In: Gunter E. Grimm, Frank Rainer Max (ed.): German poets. Stuttgart 1993, p. 525.
29. ↑ Hans Schwab-Felisch: Gerhart Hauptmann: Die Weber. 3. Edition. Ullstein, Berlin 1998, ISBN 3-548-24047-X .
30. ↑ Kurt Rothmann: Small history of German literature. Stuttgart 1980, p. 212.
31. ^ Verlag Felix Bloch Erben GmbH [1] . Retrieved March 5, 2011
32. ^ Verlag Felix Bloch Erben GmbH [2] . Retrieved March 5, 2011
33. ^ Verlag Felix Bloch Erben GmbH [3] table of contents. Retrieved March 5, 2011
34. ^ Verlag Felix Bloch Erben GmbH [4] . Retrieved March 5, 2011
35. ^ Verlag Felix Bloch Erben GmbH [5] table of contents. Retrieved March 5, 2011
36. ↑ Reinhild Schwede: Wilhelmine Neo-Romanticism - Escape or Refuge? Frankfurt am Main 1987, p. 93. Peter Sprengel cites the quotation and Hauptmann's reply to it in The Reality of Myths (Berlin 1982) p. 101f (fn. 104) in the Google book search.
37. ^ Georg Lukács: Gerhart Hauptmann. In: Hans Joachim Schrimpf (Ed.): Georg Hauptmann , Darmstadt 1976, pp. 82–95.
38. ^ Günter Kunert: On the edge of the world: An island. In: Marion Magas: Hiddensee - Hidden Island in the Lost Land. GDR contemporary testimonies from island friends and bon vivants . Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-018132-0 , p. 200.
39. ^ W. Vocke: Daten der Deutschen Literatur Gerhart Hauptmann
40. ^ Gerhard Schulz: Gerhart Hauptmanns dramatic work. In: Walter Hinck (Ed.): Handbuch des Deutschen Dramas. Düsseldorf 1980, pp. 311–326, here p. 311.
41. ↑ Peter Sprengel: Gerhart Hauptmann. In: Gunter E. Grimm, Frank Rainer Max (ed.): German poets. Stuttgart 1993, p. 530.
42. ↑ Gustav Erdmann: Gerhart Hauptmann on Hiddensee. With an introduction to the life and work of the poet. Kloster auf Hiddensee 1991, p. 23.
43. ↑ Honorary Members: Gerhart Hauptmann. American Academy of Arts and Letters, accessed March 10, 2019 (first name misspelled). 
44. ↑ Klemens Dieckhöfer: Gerhart Hauptmann (1862-1946) and Nietzsche. Nietzsche's influence on Gerhart Hauptmann and his experience of nature. In: Medical historical messages. Journal for the history of science and specialist prose research. Volume 34, 2015, pp. 123–128, here: pp. 125 f.
45. ^ Austrian award for Gerhart Hauptmann. In:  Neue Freie Presse , December 9, 1937, p. 5 (online at ANNO ).
46. ^ Heinz Dieter Tschörtner: Gerhart Hauptmann. A bibliographical contribution to his 100th birthday. Berlin 1962, pp. 103-118.