Therese Giehse
Therese Giehse , nee Therese Gift (born March 6, 1898 in Munich ; † March 3, 1975 there ), was a German actress .
Live and act
Therese Gift was born in 1898 as the daughter of the Jewish merchant couple Gertrude and Salomon Gift. From 1918 to 1920 she took acting lessons from Tony Wittels-Stury. In 1920 she took the stage name Giehse. Her seasonal engagements from 1920 to 1926 (“my learning years”) took her through the provinces: Siegen / Westphalia , Gleiwitz / Upper Silesia , Landshut / Lower Bavaria , the Bavarian State Theater, Breslau with Paul Barney . From 1926 to 1933 she was a member of the Münchner Kammerspiele with Otto Falckenberg .
Giehse founded the cabaret " Die Pfeffermühle " in Munich in early 1933 together with the musician Magnus Henning , her partner Erika Mann and her brother Klaus Mann (who later dedicated his novel Mephisto to her) . With this she emigrated in the same year, because as a Jew and artist on the left, she had to reckon with persecution by the National Socialists . The first stop on their escape was Zurich . Her escape route then ran from 1934 to 1936 via Belgium , the Netherlands, Luxembourg and Austria to Czechoslovakia. On April 26, 1936, the "pepper mill" had its 1000th presentation in Amsterdam .
On May 20, 1936, the lesbian Giehse married the homosexual English writer John Hampson († 1955) in order to obtain a British passport in this way and thus to avoid being attacked by the National Socialists. In 1937, performances of the “Peppermill” that had begun in America were stopped after a short time due to unsuccessfulness. She returned to the Zurich Schauspielhaus , to which she remained loyal all her life. After 1945 she was on stage in Munich, Berlin, Salzburg and also in Vienna.
As a temporary member of Bertolt Brecht's Berlin Ensemble , Giehse was a sought-after interpreter of his works after the war. Her recitation evening Ein Bertolt Brecht evening with Therese Giehse appeared on several records in both the FRG and the GDR .
Therese Giehse died in Munich in 1975 three days before her 77th birthday. During the memorial service at the Münchner Kammerspiele, director Paul Verhoeven died of heart failure when he collapsed during the first sentences of his obituary for Giehse. Therese Giehse was buried at her own request in the Fluntern cemetery in Zurich.
Important engagements and roles
During the period from 1937 to 1966 Giehse was engaged at the Schauspielhaus Zurich both as a permanent member of the ensemble and as a guest. She took part in the Brecht world premieres of Mother Courage and Her Children on April 19, 1941 and of Mr. Puntila and his servant Matti on April 23, 1948. On 22 September 1949 she played in the first premiere following their emigration at the Kammerspiele in Munich in The Beaver Coat of Gerhart Hauptmann with. From 1949 to 1952 Giehse was a member of the Berliner Ensemble and from 1949 to 1973 he was also a member of the Münchner Kammerspiele.
At the Zurich Schauspielhaus Giehse took part in the world premieres of Friedrich Dürrenmatt's theater plays The Visit of the Old Lady (in the leading role) on January 29, 1956 and in Die Physiker on February 21, 1962. The author dedicated the physicists to her. Dürrenmatt made the statement about this piece that he changed the originally male head of the institution to a female one after talking to Therese Giehse. A statement that he later relativized. At the Kammerspiele in Munich she took part in the world premiere of Die Landshuter Erzählungen by Martin Sperr on October 4, 1967 .
Awards, appreciations
On June 24, 1955, Giehse received the silver film tape for her role in the feature film Children, Mothers and a General .
On November 10, 1988 a stamp from the definitive series Women of German History with a face value of 100 Pfennig, Michel no . 1390 with a portrait of Giehse at the post office counter. Since the value of the stamp was the standard postage for letters at the time, Giehse became known to a wider public again.
In 1975 the Therese-Giehse-Allee in Neuperlach was named after her in Munich (which gave its name to the Therese-Giehse-Allee subway station in 1980 ), and the Therese-Giehse-Realschule in Unterschleißheim in 1995. There is a Therese-Giehse-Strasse in Zurich- Oerlikon . In the Hamburg district of Bergedorf, a street in the Neuallermöhe district is also named after her, the Therese-Giehse-Bogen. There is also a Therese-Giehse-Strasse in Berlin-Spandau . Germering named Therese-Giehse-Platz after her.
The Intercity 815 Wismar - Munich bore her name in 1998/1999.
Filmography (selection)
movie theater
- 1928: The Foreign Legionnaire
- 1932: The Bartered Bride - Director: Max Ophüls
- 1940: The abused love letters
- 1941: People who pass by - Director: Max Haufler
- 1942: The Ghost House - Director: Franz Schnyder
- 1945: The Last Chance - Director: Leopold Lindtberg
- 1947: The Mark of Cain
- 1948: Anna Karenina - Director: Julien Duvivier
- 1952: Heart of the World - Director: Harald Braun
- 1952: Father needs a woman - Director: Harald Braun
- 1953: Do you have to get a divorce right away? - Director: Hans Schweikart
- 1955: Children, Mothers and a General - Director: László Benedek
- 1955: Novel by a seventeen year old - Director: Paul Verhoeven
- 1956: Tender Secret - Director: Wolfgang Schleif
- 1957: May 10th
- 1958: Petersburg Nights
- 1958: Girls in Uniform - directed by Géza von Radványi
- 1960: Storm in a glass of water
- 1973: Lacombe, Lucien ( Lacombe Lucien ) - Director: Louis Malle
- 1975: Black Moon - Director: Louis Malle
watch TV
- 1961: The lesson
- 1963: Wassa Schelesnowa - Director: Egon Monk
- 1963: Have - Director: Rolf Hädrich
- 1964: Die Physiker - Director: Fritz Umgelter
- 1965: The Scapegoat - Director: Fritz Umgelter
- 1966: The Brecht Evening of the Giehse
- 1969: Sturm im Wasserglas - Director: Theodor Grädler
- 1970: The mother
- 1974: Munich Stories - Director: Helmut Dietl
- 1975: Further prospects… - Director: Franz Xaver Kroetz
theatre
- 1951: Gerhart Hauptmann : The Beaver Fur and the Red Rooster (Frau Fielitz) - Director: Egon Monk ( Berliner Ensemble in the Deutsches Theater Berlin )
- 1952: Heinrich von Kleist : Der Zerbrochne Krug - direction (Berliner Ensemble in the Deutsches Theater Berlin)
Radio plays
- 1932: Saint Joan of the slaughterhouses by Bertolt Brecht
- 1940: (Original broadcast) and 1974 The interrogation of Lukullus by Bertolt Brecht
- 1953/1955: Novella by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , radio play adaptation and direction: Max Ophüls , ISBN 3-89584-025-4
- 1958: The Beaver Coat of Gerhart Hauptmann
- 1973: Lemsomd (bairisch for retirement ) by Dieter Kühn / Martin Sperr . Content: Monologue of an old woman who is sitting on a bench in the park of a nursing home and is becoming more and more talkative. As a podcast / download in the BR radio play pool.
Discography
- A Bertolt Brecht evening with Therese Giehse 1st episode
- A Bertolt Brecht evening 2nd episode
- A Bertolt Brecht evening 3rd episode
- Therese Giehse speaks Dürrenmatt (with Friedrich Dürrenmatt)
- The mother (3 LP)
- Further prospects
literature
- “I have nothing to say.” Conversations with Monika Sperr . C. Bertelsmann, Munich 1973, ISBN 3-570-08405-1 .
- Anna Beck: Therese Giehse . In: Andreas Kotte (Ed.): Theater Lexikon der Schweiz . Volume 1, Chronos, Zurich 2005, ISBN 3-0340-0715-9 , p. 706 f.
- Tobias Hoffmann: Giehse, Therese. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Helga Keizer-Hayne: Erika Mann and her political cabaret “Die Pfeffermühle” 1933 - 1937. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1995 ISBN 3-499-13656-2
- Michaela Karl: Therese Giehse: The mother courage. In: Bavarian Amazons - Twelve Portraits. Pustet, Regensburg 2004, ISBN 3-7917-1868-1 , pp. 132-150
- Renate Schmidt: Therese Giehse. "Well, then we want to offer the gentlemen something!" Biography. Langen Müller, Munich, new edition 2008, ISBN 978-3-7844-3166-6
- Gunna Wendt : Erika and Therese: Erika Mann and Therese Giehse - A love between art and war. Piper, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-492-30941-7
- Giehse, Therese , by Björn Siegel, in: Encyclopaedia Judaica , Vol. 7, Ed. Fred Skolnik, Macmillan Reference USA & Keter Publishing House, 2nd ed. Detroit 2007, p. 598.
- Kay Less : 'In life, more is taken from you than given ...'. Lexicon of filmmakers who emigrated from Germany and Austria between 1933 and 1945. A general overview. ACABUS-Verlag, Hamburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-86282-049-8 , p. 193 f.
Web links
- Literature by and about Therese Giehse in the catalog of the German National Library
- Therese Giehse in the Internet Movie Database (English)
- Therese Giehse at filmportal.de
- FemBiographie Therese Giehse
- Therese Giehse in the exile archive
- Therese Giehse - your ancestors from Hainsfarth and Ichenhausen
- Profile of Therese Giehse at the Forum Queeres Archive Munich
Individual evidence
- ^ Therese Giehse - Charlies Jewish grandmother , br.de, September 8, 2011
- ↑ Violation of the "healthy public feeling". Accessed January 24, 2021 .
- ↑ Topic History Path »History of Lesbians and Gays«. (PDF; 3 MB) published by the cultural department of the City of Munich
- ^ BR radioWissen: Therese Giehse - A strong character from November 11, 2014
- Jump up to: Ritter: Friedrich Dürrenmatt: Die Physiker , p. 101.
- ^ Heinz Ludwig Arnold (ed.): Friedrich Dürrenmatt: The classic on the stage. Talks 1961–1970. Diogenes, Zurich 1996, ISBN 3-257-06111-0 , p. 206.
- ↑ I'm the darkest comedy writer there is
- ↑ Helga Pfoertner: Living with history. Vol. 1, Literareron, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-89675-859-4 , p. 160 ( PDF; 1.1 MB ( Memento from April 28, 2014 in the Internet Archive ))
- ↑ The beaver fur at deutschlandfunk.de
- ^ BR radio play Pool - Kühn / Sperr, Lemsomd
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Giehse, Therese |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Gift, Therese (maiden name) |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German actress |
DATE OF BIRTH | March 6, 1898 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Munich |
DATE OF DEATH | March 3, 1975 |
Place of death | Munich |