Wins

Siegen (229 m) 2008-2018
Climate diagram
	Temperature in ° C , precipitation in mm
	Source: wetterdienst.de

Basic data
State :	North Rhine-Westphalia
Administrative region :	Arnsberg
Circle :	Siegen-Wittgenstein
Height :	267 m above sea level NHN
Area :	114.69 km 2
Residents:	102,770 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	896 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes :	57072-57080
Primaries :	0271, 02732 , 02737
License plate :	SI, BLB
Community key :	05 9 70 040
LOCODE :	DE SGE
City structure:	6 districts with 23 districts
; City administration address :	Markt 2 ; 57072 Siegen
Website :	www.siegen.de
Mayor :	Steffen Mues ( CDU )
Location of Siegen in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district

View from the district building towards Upper Town with the Nikolaikirche in the center

View of the city center and the Lindenberg in the background from the west.

Upper Town

Siegen is a large district town and the district town of the Siegen-Wittgenstein district in the administrative district of Arnsberg in North Rhine-Westphalia ( Germany ). With just over 100,000 inhabitants, Siegen is a big city . Siegen has been called the University City since July 2012 .

The city is located northwest of the triangle North Rhine-Westphalia - Hesse - Rhineland-Palatinate , is the seat of the district administration and classified in the state planning as a regional center in the South Westphalian agglomeration . It is the birthplace of the famous baroque painter Peter Paul Rubens , which is why victories, as Rubens city designated.

geography

Geographical location

Siegen is located in the Siegerland in a branched basin of the upper Sieg , into which the Ferndorf and Weiß rivers flow within the urban area . Numerous side valleys branch off from the basin. Unless populated, the heights of the surrounding mountains are covered by coppice. The Sauerland joins to the north, the Wittgensteiner Land in the Rothaar Mountains to the northeast , the Westerwald to the south and the Wildenburger Land to the west .

The next larger cities in the vicinity of Siegen are (at an average traffic distance) in the north Hagen (83 km), in the south-east Frankfurt am Main (125 km), in the south-west Koblenz (105 km) and in the west Cologne (93 km). The spatial distances (as the crow flies ) to the surrounding cities are around 65 km (Hagen), 95 km (Frankfurt), 65 km (Koblenz) and 75 km (Cologne).

The city is on the German-Dutch holiday route Oranier Route .

mountains

There are eight mountains in the central area of Siegens:

Giersberg ( 358 m )
Siegberg ( 307 m )
Lindenberg ( 373 m )
Häusling ( 364 m )

Rosterberg ( 326 m )
Fischbacherberg ( 371 m )
Wellersberg ( 346 m )
Heidenberg ( 315 m )

Other mountains in the Siegen urban area are, for example, the Gilberg between Eiserfeld and Hengsbach or the Pfannenberg between Eiserfeld and Salchendorf with a peak in Eiserfeld.

Expansion of the urban area

View from the Upper Castle in northern direction

The total area of the urban area is around 115 square kilometers. The maximum west-east extension is eleven kilometers, in north-south direction twelve kilometers. The city limits are 48 kilometers long. The highest point in the city is the summit of the Pfannenberg at 499 m above sea level. NN at the southern city limits. The lowest point of the circle is 215 m above sea level. NN near Niederschelden on the southwestern city limit, which also forms the state border with Rhineland-Palatinate here. The proportion of forest in the urban area is around 51 percent.

Neighboring municipalities and towns

The city of Siegen borders the city of Kreuztal in the north, the city of Netphen in the east, the municipality of Wilnsdorf in the southeast, the municipality of Neunkirchen and the city of Herdorf in Rhineland-Palatinate to the south, and the municipality of Mudersbach ( district of Altenkirchen ( Westerwald) in Rhineland-Palatinate ), in the west to the city of Freudenberg and in the northwest to the municipality of Wenden ( district of Olpe ).

City structure

Outline of the urban area

The urban area of Siegen is divided into six districts , which consist of several districts or districts . Each district has a district committee consisting of 15 voting and 15 non-voting members. The committee members are appointed by the city council , according to the voting shares of the local election of the parties in the respective district. The district committees decide on certain tasks of the district. These tasks are set out in the main statute of the city of Siegen.

The districts of Weidenau, Geisweid, Birlenbach, Langenholdinghausen, Buchen, Sohlbach, Dillnhütten, Niedersetzen, Obersetzen and Meiswinkel formed the town of Hüttental from July 1, 1966 to December 31, 1974 , and the districts of Eiserfeld, Eisern, Gosenbach, Niederschelden and Oberschelden from 1 July 1966 to December 31, 1974 . July 1966 to December 31, 1974 the city of Eiserfeld .

The six districts of Siegens and their associated districts

Borough	district	Residents
I (Geisweid)	Birlenbach	1.005
I (Geisweid)	Meiswinkel	644
I (Geisweid)	Langenholdinghausen	1,502
I (Geisweid)	Geisweid	13,314
I (Geisweid)	Dillnhütten	285
I (Geisweid)	Sohlbach	527
I (Geisweid)	Book	746
I (Geisweid)	Sit down	657
I (Geisweid)	Put on	864
I (Geisweid)	Siegen-Geisweid overall	16,393
II (Weidenau)	Weidenau	15,117
II (Weidenau)	Siegen-Weidenau overall	15,117
III (east)	Kaan-Marienborn	3,440
III (east)	Alt-Siegen (Giersberg)	s. District IV
III (east)	Bürbach	1,862
III (east)	Volnsberg	246
III (east)	Breitenbach	336
III (east)	Feuersbach	392
III (east)	Siegen-Ost total (without city center)	6276
IV (middle)	Alt-Siegen (not part of district III and V)	37,666
IV (middle)	Siegen-Mitte overall	37,666
V (west)	Seelbach	2,204
V (west)	Trupbach	1,851
V (west)	Alt-Siegen (Wellersberg)	s. District IV
V (west)	Alt-Siegen (Fischbacherberg)	s. District IV
V (west)	Alt-Siegen (Achenbach)	s. District IV
V (west)	Alt-Siegen (Rothenberg)	s. District IV
V (west)	Siegen-West total (without city center)	4,055
VI (south)	Oberschelden	1,164
VI (south)	Niederelden	5,270
VI (south)	Eiserfeld	8,067
VI (south)	Iron	2,343
VI (south)	Gosenbach	2,366
VI (south)	Siegen-Süd overall	19,210
	City of Siegen	101,871

District

In addition to the division of the urban area into districts and city districts, a distinction is also made between areas with their own names, whose boundaries and names are not clearly defined. Examples include the lower and upper town, Hammerhütte , Lindenberg , Charlottental , Haardter Berg (with the university ) or the Dreisbach . These areas can also be located in the area of several official city districts, as in the case of the Sieghütte area , which is partly in the Siegen-Mitte district and partly in Weidenau , and there is also spatial overlap between individual areas. The areas are most comparable to the districts , Veedeln or Kiezen known from other cities and have only traditional, but no statistical or administrative significance. In addition to their sometimes far-reaching significance for the self-image of their residents, they can be found for orientation on city maps, in the naming of bus routes and on information and traffic signs. For example, several exits on the Hüttentalstrasse (HTS) city motorway are named after the corresponding areas.

climate

Siegen's climate is determined by its altitude. An average of 938 millimeters of precipitation falls per year. Most of the rain falls in late autumn and winter (November to January). This is also the time with the most precipitation days. The spring months of March, April and May have the lowest amounts and days of rain. The annual mean temperature is 9.8 ° C. With 18.8 ° C it is warmest in July, in the coldest month January the average temperature is 1.4 ° C.

The main wind direction is southwest to west. The climate type according to Köppen and Geiger is oceanic / maritime climate (Cfb).

Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Siegen (229 m) 2008–2018

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C )	4.2	5.0	10.5	16.0	19.2	22.0	24.6	23.8	19.7	14.3	9.2	5.4	O	14.5
Min. Temperature (° C)	-1.5	-1.6	0.3	3.8	7.4	10.6	13.0	12.1	8.9	5.4	3.0	0.0	O	5.2
Temperature (° C)	1.4	1.7	5.2	10.0	13.5	16.4	18.8	17.8	14.0	9.6	6.0	2.7	O	9.8

Precipitation ( mm )	107	66	63	41	67	75	84	83	58	78	96	112	Σ	930

Rainy days ( d )	20th	18th	15th	14th	15th	15th	16	16	12	17th	18th	22nd	Σ	198

Source: wetterdienst.de

history

General story

Early history and the Middle Ages

The name Siegen goes back to the perhaps Celtic river name of the river Sieg , a relationship with the name of the Celtic-Germanic tribe of the Sugambrer , who lived in parts of today's North Rhine-Westphalia in pre-Christian times , is uncertain . The first documentary mentions of the place Sigena go back to the year 1079.

The spade research has for the Siegerland ore mining and "a considerable Latène period iron smelting" for the period of about 500 BC. Until 100 AD. Individual such sites can also be found in today's area of the city of Siegen, such as melting furnaces in Engsbach-Seifen near Achenbach. They are among the oldest in the Siegerland. This oldest iron smelting was interrupted for several centuries, only to be resumed in the early Middle Ages (10th / 11th centuries). Ore mining and smelting continued until a few decades ago.

On a coin that was made around 1175, Siegen is named under the name “civitas” (German: city).

In 1224 Siegen was mentioned as a newly built or rebuilt city or rural community (more precisely Latin wording: "oppidi Sige de novo constructi") in a nine-line document in Latin, which Archbishop Engelbert I of Cologne gave the Count of Nassau , Heinrich the rich , half of the co-ownership. It is possible that the old settlement site was moved from the Weißtal valley to the mountain spur on which the old town is located. There is evidence that the Upper Castle already existed at that time. On October 19, 1303, the city received the city charter of Soest . The first mention of the Winterbach farm to the right of the Leimbachtal was on August 21, 1345 . Until February 1, 1381, the city had two owners. Only then did it pass entirely into the hands of the Nassauer . The oldest seal dates from March 25, 1309.

Early modern age

The city of Siegen was a fortified sight in the 16th century. It was surrounded by huge walls with 16 towers and three city gates and had a mighty castle. The three gates of the Siegen city fortifications were the Cologne Gate to the west, the Löhrtor to the south and the Marburger Tor to the east. Several city fires struck the city, of which those of August 16, 1593 and April 10 to 20, 1695 are documented. The major fire in the midday hours of August 16, 1593, when almost all of the Siegen people were outside the city for harvest, was due to the blacksmith Johann Busch in Marburger Strasse. Sparks had flown into the flax there, which led to 25 houses and 15 barns being destroyed and 11 houses and 12 barns badly damaged in a short time.

Regarding the second city fire mentioned, it is reported that it broke out in the early evening of April 10, 1695 in the house of the baker Johann Daub in the Barstewende and destroyed the city from the market downwards. A total of 252 houses and 52 “buildings” as well as the Nassauischer Hof were destroyed by flames. The fire, driven by strong winds, almost exclusively hit thatched-roof houses. In this fire, 11 people died in the hospital because the old people could not be saved. 20 farm animals were also killed in the flames. In this context there is a report of condolences from the Herborn High School Siegen to the reformed princess, in which Siegen is referred to as "the eye and ornament of Nassau". On April 12, 1869 around 9 p.m., a large fire broke out in which Siegen's “Klubb” burned down, a block of houses with 25 houses close to the Nikolaikirche on the market, in which 49 families with around 200 people lived, but they remained intact.

The Nassau Count Wilhelm der Reiche (1487–1559) set up a pedagogy in the buildings of the former Franciscan monastery in 1536 , from which the high school at the Löhrtor of the city of Siegen emerged. In the years 1594 to 1599/1600 and from 1606 to 1609 Siegen and the pedagogy were the location of the Nassau High School , the Count Johann VI. the elder of Nassau-Dillenburg (1535–1606), a brother of Wilhelm the Schweigers, Count of Nassau and Prince of Orange (1533–1584), had built in Herborn in 1584 and moved to Siegen. The high school, named Johannea after its founder, Count Johann VI., Was a stronghold of the Calvinist-Reformed federal theology .

The rector of the high school during the relocation to Siegen in 1599/1600 was the constitutional lawyer and Calvinist political theorist Johannes Althusius (formerly Althaus) from Diedenshausen in the county of Sayn-Wittgenstein , whose main work Politica Methodice Digesta (1603), the first systematic political theory of the early modern corporate state , made him one of the most important German state theorists of the 16th and 17th centuries and one of the fathers of the development of the theory of federalism in the early modern period. During his time as a professor in Siegen, Althusius married the young widow Margarethe Keßler, the daughter of Siegen rentmaster Friedrich Neurath (Naurath). Althusius (1563-1638) was from 1604 on city syndic in the Calvinist Emden .

Johann the Middle (1561–1623), the eldest son of Count Johann VI., Set up a knightly war school in 1616 in the old armory on Burgstrasse, which still exists today. He built the Lower Palace on the site of an old Franciscan monastery . His son Johann the Younger converted to the Catholic Church again in 1612 and wanted to force this for the citizens too. Johann Moritz von Nassau-Siegen , the Dutch commander in Brazil, deposed him and from 1650 to 1651 under his government the Siegerland was divided into denominations.

Siegen - Excerpt from the Topographia Hassiae by Matthäus Merian , 1655

On February 19, 1673, an earthquake terrified the population. On February 10, 1679, other secondary sources mention February 19, 1679, the blockade by Osnabrück troops began. On January 15, 1682, a flood in the Siegtal caused great damage. February 20, 1716 was the day on which an order was made to enclose all courtyards and gardens in Siegen, which had previously been fenced off, with hedges.

From 1699, under Wilhelm Hyacinth , there were acts of violence between the two denominations. However, it was not the denominational disputes that led to the removal of Wilhelm Hyacinth, but rather his exorbitant lifestyle. The entrepreneurial family Flender, as one of the most highly taxed, refused to pay the overwhelming tax burden and one member, Friedrich Flender, was beheaded in the rabbit garden of Siegen Castle without trial. After the beheading of the citizen Friedrich Flender von der Hardt (1674–1707) on March 29, 1707 Wilhelm Hyacinth was deposed and driven out. With him ended the Catholic line of rulers in Nassau-Siegen in 1743. Since the Reformed line had also expired with Friedrich Wilhelm in 1734, Emperor Karl VI transferred. the government of the Prince of Orange and Prince of Nassau-Diez . Siegen was now the main town of the Principality of Siegen within Orange -Nassau.

The construction of the Löhrtor Bridge on the first West German art route Hagen-Olpe-Krombach-Siegen is recorded for September 6, 1777 in Siegen. On March 15, 1806, Napoleon's elite dragoon regiment entered the coronet town. For January 8, 1809, it is reported that there was again Te Deum in Siegerland churches as thanks for Napoleon's successes.

In 1816 there were already 572 houses with 3421 inhabitants in Siegen, after 18 years earlier there were only 555 houses, 58 of them on the Sieghütte , 41 on the Hammerhütte and 26 in Hain .

19th century to the end of the German Empire

Victories around 1850

The mining in the Siegerland , the main source of wealth and agriculture developed positively. When Prince Wilhelm of Orange refused to join the Confederation of the Rhine initiated by Napoleon , he was deposed. The Siegerland became part of the Victory Department within the Grand Duchy of Berg . After Napoleon's defeat in the Battle of Leipzig , Wilhelm Friedrich, as Prince of Orange , took possession of his German hereditary lands again in December 1813, which he ceded to Prussia in 1815 , for which he received the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg in return . The city was assigned to the district of Siegen , initially in the district of Koblenz ( province of the Grand Duchy of Lower Rhine ), from 1817 in the district of Arnsberg ( province of Westphalia ).

Up until November 8, 1813, 16,000 Blucher soldiers and 8,000 horses passed through the Siegerland for four days . About a year later, on November 15, 1814, Siegen was able to have street lighting in the form of 16 petroleum lamps for the first time. On September 1, 1841, the first “Royal Land-Footer-Postler” started his service in Siegen. September 9, 1875 was the day when a horse-drawn street sweeper was used for the first time on Sandstrasse and Koblenzer Strasse in Siegen.

On July 20, 1881, a storm caused severe damage to the city after weeks of persistent heat.

The connection to Prussia dissolved the historical ties to the south. The Siegerland was aligned towards Westphalia, from which it had been separated by a centuries-old political, cultural, linguistic and denominational border.

Weimar Republic

Against the background of the November Revolution, a workers 'and soldiers' council was also set up in Siegen. He set himself the task of ensuring "peace, order and security". The old city authorities continued to dictate the course of events. The previous mayor Anton Delius resigned at the end of 1918 for reasons of age. His successor was the national conservative Alfred Fissmer.

On March 1, 1923, the city of Siegen left the Siegen district and became a district , but remained the administrative seat of the Siegen district.

On December 6, 1927, a new tax office was opened at Herrengarten in Siegen. This is where the office was based until the move, which began in December 1981, to the current location in the new Weidenau building.

On December 27, 1929 the council of the city of Siegen consisted of nine members of the DNVP, eight of the center and four each from the DVP, SPD and NSDAP. The remaining four seats were occupied by “Others”.

In the Reich presidential elections on April 10, 1932, Hindenburg received 50.8 percent of the vote (Reich: 53 percent), Hitler 44.8 percent (36.8 percent) and Thälmann 4.4 percent (10.2 percent). Since the state elections on April 24, 1932, the NSDAP (45.6 percent; Prussia: 36.3 percent) has been by far the strongest party. The second position at this point was the center (18.4 percent).

National Socialism

After the handover of government power to the NSDAP and its German national allies ("Cabinet Hitler") on January 30, 1933, the KPD party office in Siegen was closed, house searches and confiscations, then arrests, after the elections that were already taking place under irregular conditions on March 5, systematic arrests, and also deportations of members and supporters of the KPD, SPD, center and free trade unions to the basement of the Brown House of the NSDAP, where they were abused and tortured. On February 25, 1933, the establishment of labor camps began in the Siegerland.

On November 10, 1938, the synagogue of the Jewish community in Obergraben was ravaged and set on fire by a group of National Socialists, most of them members of the SS, in front of a large number of onlookers. She burned out completely. There were at least isolated attacks on Jewish shops in the Upper Town and at least one attack on a private house. The men from the community, at least as far as they had shops, were deported to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in order to press the shops off them and to drive the families abroad, which resulted in further substantial property losses. The expulsions and “cold” redistributions that began before the pogrom were given a considerable boost. Today, numerous stumbling blocks are reminiscent of the victims of National Socialism .

The inauguration of today's House of Seel , named after the painter Anna Seel , dates back to December 4, 1938 as what was then the “ House of Art ”. After the building, which was originally located on Löhrstrasse , was completely destroyed during the great bombing raid on December 16, 1944, Haus Seel is now located on Siegener Kornmarkt . Since 1962 there has been a library and the city gallery.

On November 30, 1940, the construction of 16 air raid shelters began in Siegen, Weidenau and Geisweid. Planning for this began in 1939 before the war began.

In accordance with the advance of the Wehrmacht, foreign forced laborers were brought into the city from 1939 . Shortly before the peak of the workload in the first half of 1944, 2,310 people from nine countries were registered in 22 Siegen camps and in a few private quarters. Almost two thirds of the forced laborers came from the Soviet Union. 141 of them were children of different age groups.

On April 28, 1942, the first deportation of Jewish Siegen people to the Zamość camp in Poland. A second deportation followed on July 27, 1942 to the Theresienstadt concentration camp , the third wave of deportations took place on February 27, 1943, which led to the Auschwitz extermination camp . Only a few deportees survived. The property of the deportees was expropriated and became the property of the majority population and the state.

In September 1944, people who were married to non-Jews as well as “first degree half-breeds” were transported for forced labor to various camps in the Old Reich, such as Kassel-Bettenhausen and Berlin ( Jewish hospital ). These prisoners survived.

On December 16, 1944, the city center was the target of a heavy British air raid that destroyed 80 percent of the urban area. 348 Germans died as well as an undisclosed number of foreign forced laborers and there were numerous seriously injured. At around the same time, a V 2 run from the Siegen control room detonated in a packed cinema in the Rubens City of Antwerp , killing 567 people and seriously injuring 291. From the end of January to March 1945 there were further bomb attacks with deaths and considerable damage to property in parts of what is now the city area (January 29, February 1, 4, 14, March 12, 17, 23). The aerial warfare over the Siegerland thus entered its dramatic phase late. The population got off relatively lightly, as many shelters were built during early war preparations and the population offered protection during the air raids. In the Siegerland, too, the air war did not bring the population to resistance against the leadership.

There were also a large number of end- stage crimes in the area of today's city of Siegen . The victims, Germans and foreign slave laborers, advocated the end of the war as quickly as possible, were suspected of doing so, mistaken for opponents of the regime or faced other accusations.

In heavy ground fighting in the final phase of the war at the beginning of April 1945, units of the Wehrmacht tried to delay the end of the war despite great inferiority. The troops ignored an offer of surrender by the US Army and continued the fighting, in which a large number of US soldiers were killed. On April 6, 1945, the US troops succeeded in taking the barracks on the western edge of the city, three days later they were able to close their command post in Siegen. This ended the war for the city. Overall, of the 4,338 buildings with 10,452 apartments that existed in the city before the start of the war, over 90 percent, namely 4,096 buildings with 10,169 apartments, were damaged or destroyed. All bridges over the Sieg had been blown up by the Wehrmacht. In Eiserfeld alone, five railway and five road bridges were destroyed on March 30 and 31, 1945.

Since 1945

After the end of the fighting, the US combat units surrendered the city to the British military administration on April 9, 1945. On April 24, the military government appointed the Social Democrat Fritz Fries as Lord Mayor.

Between 1945 and 1994, thousands of soldiers from the Belgian armed forces were stationed with their families in Siegen.

In execution of the law on the reorganization of the district of Siegen , the city of Siegen was incorporated into the district of Siegen on July 1, 1966. At the same time, six previously independent municipalities were incorporated. The regulations for independent cities were applied with exceptions. In addition, the official titles of Mayor and City Director were initially retained. This special status of the city was repealed by the Sauerland / Paderborn law on January 1, 1975. In the course of this law, Siegen was combined with ten other municipalities to form a new district, which on January 1, 1984 was named the district of Siegen-Wittgenstein .

As a result of this municipal reorganization, the number of inhabitants exceeded the limit of 100,000 for the first time in 1975, making Siegen a major city. As a result of the 2011 census , which showed a population of 99,187, Siegen lost its status as a major city. In the census of December 31, 2014, the mark was exceeded again with 100,325 inhabitants.

In 2004 a diary was created in a residential area in Siegen on the Rosterberg . Houses were in danger of collapsing. This damage to the mountains came to be known as the Siegener Loch .

In 2017 Siegen was included in the 27th edition of the Duden .

Religions

history

The tower of the Nikolaikirche with the little crown at night

Marienkirche on Siegberg

The city of Siegen initially belonged to the territory of the Archdiocese of Mainz or to its dean's office in Arfeld . In the city there was a convent for white women , which was abandoned in the 15th century. A Franciscan monastery was dissolved in 1533 after the Reformation introduced in 1530 by the rulers of the time, the Nassauers . After that, the city was initially Lutheran , and in 1550 the Principality of Nassau converted to the Reformed Confession. Siegen was a predominantly Protestant city. From 1623 the Counter Reformation was able to gain a foothold, so that around a fifth of Siegens and the surrounding area became Catholic again. From 1626 there was a Jesuit monastery in the city.

After the transition to Prussia in 1815, the union between Lutheran and Reformed communities was introduced in Siegen, as in all of Prussia, between 1819 and 1835 , but the communities of the city retained their Reformed character. Siegen as part of the Westphalian provincial church (today Evangelical Church of Westphalia ) became the seat of a superintendent . Today this administrative district is called the church district, to which all parishes in the region belong, with the exception of the free churches . The church district of Siegen includes the old district of Siegen and part of the district of Olpe.

The city's Catholics continued to belong to the Archdiocese of Mainz even after the Reformation. With the restructuring of the Catholic Church at the beginning of the 19th century, Siegen was assigned to the diocese of Paderborn and the seat of a district synod, today the deanery , to which all the Catholic parishes in the district belong. In 1929 Paderborn became an archbishopric .

In addition to the Roman Catholic Church, there is a Greek Orthodox and a Romanian Orthodox parish in Siegen .

Siegen is the seat of the Evangelical Community Association Siegerland-Wittgenstein , to which 70 pietistic communities are affiliated. Various free churches are also located in Siegen, including several Evangelical Free Churches ( Baptists ), a Church of the Methodist Church , a Church of the Salvation Army (Siegen Corps), an Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church (SELK), an Adventist church , and several Free Protestant congregations (FeG), the Christian congregation Achenbach, several Christian assemblies , Calvary Chapel and the mission congregation Siegen-Meiswinkel.

Other religious communities in Siegen include the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , Catholic Apostolic Congregations , the New Apostolic Church , Jehovah's Witnesses , the Early Christian Congregation and the Baha'i religion, as well as a Yezidi community.

There are seven mosques: Since 1995 a mosque has been operated in Königstrasse under the umbrella organization IGMG . The umbrella organization DITIB maintains the Selimiye Mosque in the Geisweid district. The VIKZ heads the Siegen Mosque in Hagener Strasse. There is also the Al-Nur mosque and the BILAL mosque in the Weidenau district, the Masjed Ibrahim mosque in Daimlerstrasse and a mosque of the Albanian association IKRA Siegen on the Effertsufer.

Denomination statistics

According to the 2011 census , on May 9, 2011 the proportion of Catholic citizens was 21.4%, the Protestant majority 46.4% and the rest of the population 32.1%. The number of Catholics and especially Protestants has fallen since then . Currently (as of December 31, 2018), the proportion of Catholic citizens is 20.4%, Protestant 38.8% and the other 40.8%

Territorial reform

The following communities and districts were incorporated into Siegen:

April 1, 1902: parts of Buschgotthard huts
April 1, 1912: Parts of Buschgotthard huts
August 1, 1934: Parts of Achenbach
April 1, 1937: Achenbach and parts of Buschgotthardshütten
July 1, 1966: Trupbach , Seelbach , Breitenbach , Bürbach , Kaan-Marienborn and Volnsberg
January 1, 1969: Feuersbach
January 1, 1975: City of Hüttental and City of Eiserfeld

Population development

Population development from 1871 to 2017. The short red graph shows the population development of Alt-Siegen

In 1897 Siegen had 20,000 inhabitants, by 1939 this number had doubled to 40,000. During the Second World War , the city lost around 30% of its population (12,000 people). The population sank to 28,000 by 1945 and reached the pre-war level again in 1952.

On January 1, 1975, the population had an all-time high with 117,224 inhabitants due to the incorporation of Hüttental (38,867 inhabitants 1974) and Eiserfeld (22,354 inhabitants 1974). At the end of June 2005, according to an update by the State Office for Data Processing and Statistics North Rhine-Westphalia, 105,328 people had their main residence in Siegen . Since 1975 the population has decreased by around ten percent (12,000 people). On June 30, 2017, the total population of Siegen was 101,986, of whom 52,033 were female.

Alt-Siegen as a district

Population of Alt-Siegen as a district:

year	Residents
1986	40,867
1994	41,880
2004	38.109
2006	37,975
2008	37,539
2010	37,165

year	Residents
2012	37,673
2013	37,839
2014	38,249
2015	38,962
2016	39,388

politics

City council

Town hall in the upper town on Siegberg in Siegen

The 66 seats in the city council will be distributed as follows after the local elections on May 25, 2014:

year	CDU	SPD	Green	FDP	UWG	left	AfD	total
2014	23	19th	8th	4th	5	4th	3	66

Then there is the mayor Steffen Mues (CDU).

The CDU, the Greens and the FDP have formed a Jamaica coalition since 2014. The total debt of the city in 2007 was around 320.5 million euros. 100.7 million are accounted for by the core budget, 118.1 million by municipal companies and 101.6 million by cash loans.

The statutory committees are made up of the council. Further, in the town of Siegen, an existing 21 members exist Integration Council . This consists of 14 elected migrant representatives and seven appointed council members. In the city of Siegen, a 36-member (18 full members and 18 deputies) senior citizens ' advisory board and a 22-member (eleven full members and eleven deputies) advisory board for disabled people are appointed by election.

mayor

Several mayors can be identified at the top of the city since the 13th century. 1304 and 1305 a council (consules) was mentioned for the first time. Since 1224, however, there were "castle men" and three mayors who change each year. From 1500 onwards, only two mayors were elected each year. In the 18th century, the guilds gained increasing influence in the city. Afterwards the “ruling” or “standing” old master shoemaker represented the “common citizenship” at the council. The medieval city constitution was in effect until 1809, in some cases until 1815. From 1815 a council with twelve members ruled, which supplemented itself. The mayor presided over him. From 1824 the suburbs received their own heads who were subordinate to the Siegen mayor. In 1836 the Prussian town order was introduced. After the city left the district of Siegen in 1923, the mayor held the title of Lord Mayor . Alfred Fissmer , who has been mayor since 1919 , remained in office during the National Socialist era .

After the Second World War , the military government of the British Zone of Occupation appointed a new Lord Mayor and in 1946 introduced the local constitution based on the British model. Then there was an elected council of the city , whose members were called city councilors . The Council elected from among its honorary mayor as chairman and representatives of the city. Furthermore, from 1946 the council elected a full-time senior city director as head of the city administration.

With the reintegration of the formerly independent city of Siegen into the Siegen district in 1975 (from January 1, 1984 Siegen-Wittgenstein district), the council chairmen were given the title of mayor and the heads of administration became city directors. The so-called dual leadership, which existed until 1999, consisting of the honorary mayor elected by the city council and the city director as head of administration, ceased to exist with the amendment of the North Rhine-Westphalian municipal constitution. Since then there has only been the full-time mayor . He is also chairman of the city council and head of the city administration. He is directly elected, previously for five years, after a change in the municipal code of North Rhine-Westphalia with the local election in 2009 to six years.

Steffen Mues (CDU) was re-elected as mayor on May 25, 2014 with 55.12%.

Mayor or Lord Mayor

1815–1836: Friedrich Carl Trainer , Royal. mayor
1836–1837: Carl von Viebahn , mayor
1837–1838: Johannes Oechelhäuser , Mayor
1838–1862: Heinrich Jacob Achenbach , mayor
1862–1876: Eduard Brasse , Mayor
1876–1881: Carl Hermann Lamprecht , mayor
1882–1918: Anton Delius , mayor, from 1917 mayor
1919–1945: Alfred Fissmer (from 1937: NSDAP), from 1923 Lord Mayor
1945: Fritz Fries (SPD), Lord Mayor
1945–1946: Otto Schwarz (SPD), Lord Mayor
1946–1948: Ernst Weißelberg (CDU), Lord Mayor
1948–1956: Ernst Bach (CDU), Lord Mayor
1956–1961: Erich Pachnicke (SPD), Lord Mayor
1961–1966: Karl Eckmann (CDU), Lord Mayor
1966–1975: Karl Althaus (SPD), Lord Mayor
1975–1979: Friedemann Keßler (CDU), Lord Mayor
1979–1989: Hans Reinhardt (SPD), mayor
1989–1994: Hilde Fiedler (SPD), mayor
1994–1999: Karl Wilhelm Kirchhöfer (SPD), mayor
1999–2007: Ulf Stötzel (CDU), mayor
since 2007: Steffen Mues (CDU), mayor

Upper town directors and town directors 1946–1999

1946–1954: Max Baumann, City Director
1954–1975: Kurt Seibt, City Director
1975–1985: Hans Mohn, City Manager
1985–1989: Volker Oerter, City Director
1989–1995: Otto-Werner Rappold, City Director (premature termination of office at his own request with effect from December 2, 1995)
1995–1999: Ulrich Mock, City Director (initially only as a general representative of O.-W. Rappold until January 31, 1997, then appointed as City Director)

coat of arms

Blazon : In silver a red pinnacle wall with a gate lined with low pointed towers, growing above it an archbishop in blue regalia, with a blue miter and a silver pallium, who holds in his right hand a silver staff with turned golden bend and in his left an open book; in the gate a blue shield, inside a red armored golden lion.

The coat of arms of the city of Siegen consists of three parts. In the upper area the bishop of Cologne is depicted, the wall symbolizes the city itself and the Nassau lion can be seen in the gate. The colors blue and yellow are the colors of the House of Nassau .

Seal, flag and banner

In addition to the coat of arms, the city of Siegen has a seal, a flag and a banner. Approval in this regard was given by the Arnsberg Regional Council on August 20, 1975. The black and white seal contains the coat of arms of the city of Siegen, which is circumscribed in a clockwise direction and beginning at the bottom with the capital letters STADT SIEGEN . The flag is blue and yellow (or orange) striped lengthways and centered with the city coat of arms. The banner is also striped lengthways in these colors and also in a 1: 1 ratio. The coat of arms sits there in the middle of the upper third.

Town twinning

Siegen maintains city partnerships with the following cities and districts:

Spandau district of Berlin, since 1952
Netherlands Katwijk , Netherlands, since 1963 (continued after the reorganization of the former Rijnsburg partnership in 2006)
United Kingdom Leeds , United Kingdom, since 1966 (continued after the former twin town of Morley was incorporated in 1974)
Belgium Ypres , Belgium, since 1967
Poland Zakopane , Poland, since 1989
Plauen im Vogtland, Saxony, since 1990

Culture and sights

Natural monuments

theatre

Apollo theater

With the opening of the Apollo Theater , the former Apollo Cinema Center converted into a theater, the city of Siegen received its own theater for the first time on September 1, 2007.

Since 1992 the media and culture house Lÿz has been a venue for cabaret, cabaret, music and theater. Around 150 events take place on the two stages of the house each season.

Larger events take place in the Siegerlandhalle (1800 m ² , 2300 seats) and in the Bismarckhalle . There are also regular open-air concerts and performances in the courtyard of the Lower Castle.

Museums

The Siegen Synagogue collapsed in 1938

The Active Museum Südwestfalen has existed since 1996 in the rooms of an air raid shelter built in 1941 on the central Siegberg , which sees itself as a documentation and learning place for regional contemporary history. Until the arson on November 10, 1938, the Siegen synagogue was located on the site . The museum is also a memorial for the victims of National Socialism in the Siegerland-Wittgenstein region. It houses a permanent exhibition on 200 m ² , the focus of which is the history of the regional Jewish minority. Using local examples, the crimes against other persecuted groups are discussed: against the so-called Gypsies , the disabled , the Serious Bible Students ( Jehovah's Witnesses ), the foreign slave laborers and the politically persecuted. As part of the exhibition, the life path of the Siegen communist Walter Krämer , among others a member of the KPD in the Prussian state parliament, is traced. He was posthumously awarded the highest honor of the State of Israel , the honorary title Righteous Among the Nations, in 2000 . Regular exhibitions on special topics and public events with a wide range of topics expand the thematic offer. The Active Museum South Westphalia is sponsored by a private association.

The Siegerland Museum for Art and Cultural History emerged from the school museum of the Siegen Realgymnasium founded in 1902 and has been located in the Upper Castle since 1905. The museum's collections include paintings and graphics by the painter Peter Paul Rubens , a portrait collection from the Princely House of Nassau-Orange, exhibits on the history of the Siegerland from prehistoric times to the present, on regional mining and economic history and iron extraction, including an artificially constructed show mine, on history the Siegerland lifestyle in the 19th century and minerals. A branch of the museum, the exhibition forum, is located in the Oranienstrasse building . The city of Siegen is responsible for the Siegerland Museum.

Exterior view of the Museum of Contemporary Art Siegen

The Museum für Gegenwartskunst is dedicated to contemporary art in painting, photography, video and installations. An important part of the program is the work of the artists Bernd and Hilla Becher , who represent regional aspects of the house. With the Lambrecht-Schadeberg Collection , the museum also presents works by all the recipients of the Rubens Prize for painting, which the city of Siegen awards to artists of international standing .

The Beatles Museum operated by Harold Krämer is located in the Geisweid district . According to the Guinness Book of Records from 2000, the museum, measuring just 27 m ² , is the smallest public museum in the world about the four musicians from Liverpool . The collection includes more than 17,000 sound carriers, souvenirs, film posters and autographs.

The Reinhold Forster Erbstollen mine museum is located in the Eiserfeld district . There the Reinhold Forster Erbstollen, which was struck in 1805, is accessible over a length of around 470 meters and is open to inspection.

The South Westphalian Railway Museum has been located in some of the buildings of the former repair shop and the Siegen depot of the Deutsche Bundesbahn since 1997 . In addition to a photo exhibition on railway operations, a model railway system and the archive of the Eisenbahnfreunde Betzdorf, which are housed in old administration buildings, the roundhouse houses the vehicle exhibition , which includes more than ten locomotives (including operational DR series 52.80 and DB series V 100 ) and Contains numerous freight and passenger cars.

movie theater

In Siegen there is a Cinestar - multiplex cinema ; it is on the so-called Reichwalds corner . There used to be several cinemas in Siegen; including the Apollo-Kino (opened on November 8, 1935) (where the Apollo-Theater is today) and the Central-Theater (opened on January 31, 1913). The next cinema is the Victoria Theater in around 20 km away Dahlbruch .

music

The following orchestras and choirs are based in Siegen:

Siegen Choir
Bach Choir Siegen
Children's and youth choir Siegen Süd
Singers' circle Siegerland
Siegen wind orchestra
Siegerland miners' chapel in Niederschelden
Original Siegen Town Musicians
Collegium Musicum Siegen
Brass ensemble Pro musica sacra
VEB Choir Siegen
Ensemble Cantemus Siegen e. V.
Uni Big Band Siegen
Siegen Salon Orchestra
Siegen salon soloists
University orchestra
Siegen Gamelan Orchestra

Buildings

Upper lock

"Dicker Turm" at the Lower Castle

Although around 80 percent of the city was destroyed in the great bombing of December 16, 1944 in the Second World War , some historic buildings have been preserved in Siegen, including the two castles of the city, the Upper and Lower Castle, as well as several historic church buildings Meaning or the building of the Reichsbank from 1909.

Upper lock

The hilltop castle of the Upper Castle on the Siegberg was first mentioned in a document in 1259 and was the ancestral castle of the House of Nassau in the Middle Ages. The Siegerland Museum has been housed there since 1905.

Lower lock

At the end of the 17th century, the Lower Castle was built in its current shape, resembling an open rectangle, and served as the residence of the evangelical line of the Nassau-Siegen family . The thick tower with carillon also belongs to the castle . In 1959 the city of Siegen set up a memorial for victims of war and tyranny in the courtyard of the palace . The crypt of the Protestant part of the Nassau Princely House is also located in the castle.

The Lower Castle served as a state authority building , in which the construction and real estate company of North Rhine-Westphalia , the Arnsberg district government, Siegen branch , the Office for Occupational Safety (until 2012) the Siegen Labor Court (until 2014), and - from 1936 to January 17, 2011 - the Attendorn correctional facility and the Siegen branch were located. After interim use by research institutions at the University of Siegen in the years 2012–2013, renovation work has been taking place since 2014 for use by the University of Siegen. On the palace square of the lower palace, cultural open-air events take place regularly . For the 2006 World Cup, the broadcast of the games on a large screen attracted up to 10,000 viewers.

KrönchenCenter

On February 3, 2007, another cultural center, the so-called KrönchenCenter , opened in the former Tietz department store (later Kaufhof ) on the market square in Siegener Oberstadt ( 50 ° 52 ′ 29.5 ″ N , 8 ° 1 ′ 29.2 ″ E ) . There you will find the Siegen Adult Education Center , the city archive and the city library, the Brothers Busch memorial and event rooms . 50.874861111111 8.0247777777778

Churches

Christ Church on Giersberg (2007)

Two churches in the center of Siegen should be highlighted: Dating back to the 11th century Martini Church at the lower castle and the Nikolai Church at the market place with its extraordinary hexagonal plan - the only Romanesque halls hexagon north of the Alps - and the golden crown , the symbol of the city on the tower of the church, which defines the cityscape. Siegen is therefore also known as the crown town . From 1903–1905 the church builder Ludwig Hofmann carried out renovations .

Another historical church building is the Catholic St. Mary's Church , built by the Jesuits between 1702 and 1729 .

An example of the modern church architecture of the 1950s and 1960s, so-called brutalism , is the Christ Church on Siegener Giersberg in the residential area of Dautenbach , whose 40th anniversary was celebrated in October 2007. It has a pentagonal floor plan and, typical for this architectural style, consists of exposed concrete. The tower is not a closed body, but consists of two tall steles that form an acute angle. This design earned him the nickname "soul launch pad" among the population.

There are five other parishes around the upper town. In the lower town at the lower end of the Leimbachtal near the Siegerlandhalle stands the St. Peter and Paul Church . There are also other churches of different denominations in all parts of the city.

gasometer

Industrial monument Kugel gas tank on Friedrich-Friesen-Strasse

In the southwest of the city center, at the foot of the Ziegenberg, there is a listed spherical gas container . It is one of the oldest still preserved spherical gas containers. Another special feature is its riveted cover. Only four other gas tanks of this type are known worldwide; they are located in Schwerte , Offenburg , Lörrach and Bielefeld . During the new construction and renovation of the Hüttentalstrasse city motorway and the Ziegenberg residential area , the container was moved a few meters and forms the symbolic sun as part of a scale model of planets above the gas container.

graveyards

There are 36 municipal cemeteries in the city of Siegen. Ten are already closed and are only available for funerals due to existing rights. The Siegens cemeteries have a total size of 730,000 square meters with around 65,000 graves. Characteristic of regional cemeteries are the hillside location and a park-like design that even offers wild animals the opportunity to retreat. The Lindenbergfriedhof , founded in 1857, is the largest cemetery in Siegen. There is a crematorium in the immediate vicinity. The second oldest cemetery is the Hermelsbacher Friedhof . As in the Haardter cemetery , war victims were buried here. On the edge of the Geisweider cemetery there is a memorial to the victims of the First and Second World Wars.

Sports

The City Sports Association of Siegen comprises 160 sports clubs with a total of around 37,000 members. The men's soccer team of Sportfreunde Siegen in the Leimbachstadion achieved supraregional importance , which was promoted from the Regionalliga Süd to the 2nd Bundesliga in 2005 , but was relegated again the following year and currently plays in the fifth-class Oberliga Westfalen . As the six-time German champion , the women's soccer team of TSV Siegen was very successful in the 1990s. Another football club from the city, which gained national importance especially in the 1970s, is VfL Klafeld-Geisweid . The largest gymnastics club in the city is the TV Jahn Siegen from 1879, which with a total of 13 departments has the full range of a modern sports club. Several Olympians and German champions have emerged from the Neptun Siegerland swimming association founded in 1913 . The TG Friesen Klafeld-Geisweid has also produced athletes with nationwide success , especially in the sports of bounce ball and gym wheel . In the field of athletics, the LAG Siegen is of greater importance and has also provided Olympic participants. With RTG Weidenau , Siegen also provides one of the most successful ring tennis clubs in Germany, which has won the German youth team championship eleven times and is also a member of the Bundesliga. The Siegen billiard club BC Siegtal 89 currently plays in the 1st pool billiards Bundesliga . It includes the multiple German champions Ina and Jörn Kaplan .

Events

Schlossplatz ( Lower Castle ) during the opening game of the 2006 World Cup

Regular events

Spring: Siegerland Exhibition (SILA), every two years
March to November, always on the first Saturday of the month flea market in Siegen-Geisweid (since 1970)
June to August: "Wednesdays in" - every Wednesday different bands play on the square of the Lower Castle
June: Johannimarkt , fair for around 400 years
June / July: Siegen Summer Festival with drama, cabaret, theater, music and cinema as well as the Night of 1000 Lights (The Siegen Summer Festival took place for the 23rd time in 2011)
July: Pure Siegtal - on the car-free Sunday , the Hüttentalstrasse city motorway is closed to traffic and opened to cyclists, inline skaters and pedestrians.
July: Rubens Festival, in all years ending in odd digits
August: Siegener open-air cinema at the Upper Castle
Summer: Siegerland company run , with over 8000 starters it is one of the largest running events of its kind in North Rhine-Westphalia
August: Christopher Street Day (CSD), since 2000
Summer: Street festival on the Kornmarkt
August / September: Siegener city festival, since 2017 (2017 the city festival took place in June)
October: Geisweid Citizens' Festival, on the second Sunday in October
November: Geisweider Advent market, since around 1985
December: Christmas market, since around 1980

Single events

On March 14, 1968, the first edition of the music program “ Starparade ” was presented live from the Siegerlandhalle .
The “Star Parade” was a music broadcast that was broadcast live from various cities and halls six times a year for a total of 12 years until June 5, 1980, and was broadcast on ZDF. James Last had his first television appearance in Siegen .
On August 28, 1968, “ Games without Frontiers ” was broadcast from the Leimbach Stadium.
The 19th Chess Olympiad took place in Siegen from September 5th to 27th, 1970 .
Participants included the eventual world champions Bobby Fischer and Boris Spassky .
From September 17 to 19, 2010, the NRW Day was held in Siegen on the occasion of the establishment of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Hundreds of clubs, groups and institutions from Siegerland, as well as the state government, presented themselves on 12 different themed miles. In addition to the host city, around 70 groups from all regions of North Rhine-Westphalia presented themselves in a pageant. Stefanie Heinzmann , Revolverheld and Max Mutzke performed on a total of 16 stages across the entire city .
On May 5th, 2012 the 1st Siegener Balls Race took place. Here 10,000 balls were rolled down Kölner Strasse.
From September 2nd to 4th, 2016, the Siegen Uferfest took place on the occasion of the completed urban development project "Siegen - To New Shores".

Fabulous in Siegen

The Dilldapp is an old mythical creature from Siegerland . He lives mainly in the Siegerland Hauberg . At the beginning of the 1980s, a calendar about the mythical creature was published for the first time, designed by the author and cartoonist Matthias Kringe and written in Siegerland Platt . As a result, the word Dilldapp was reinterpreted - it is also used in many districts of the Siegerland as a name for residents of the neighboring Hessian Dillenburg and describes a clumsy but lovable person. Many Dillenburgers worked in the flourishing steel industry in the Siegerland from the 1960s to the 1980s.

Rubens Prize of the City of Siegen

The Rubens Prize of the City of Siegen, founded in 1955, is awarded every five years to a painter or graphic artist who has demonstrated a pioneering life's work in European art. The award commemorates the painter-diplomat Peter Paul Rubens , who expressed the idea of European unification in his life's work long before it could become a political reality. Peter Paul Rubens - born in Siegen, grew up in Cologne and Antwerp , had an artistic education in Italy , was appreciated in France , worked as a diplomat in Spain and England - as the main master of European baroque painting, set the artistic and European standards that the awarding of the prize met has been committed since 1957/58.

Previous winners:

Economy and Infrastructure

Pedestrian zone Alte Poststraße (Oberstadt) with the fountain system inaugurated on November 24, 1983, created by Wolfgang Kreutter .

Sieg-Carré and City-Galerie shopping centers

As a regional center, Siegen is the service and administrative center of South Westphalia . The processing industry is characterized by a high proportion of metal processing companies. The unemployment rate in November 2010 was 6.5 percent.

The city center is divided into two areas: the lower town in the Siegtal between the old B 54 or the Sieg overhang and the main train station and the upper town on the Siegberg. Siegen's shopping opportunities are concentrated in both. The Upper Town is the historical center of the city, which is around a thousand years old, with some historical architecture. Starting at the Kölner Tor over the Alte Poststraße with mainly restaurants and bars over the market square up to Marburger Straße and Marburger Tor , the upper town is mostly crossed by the steepest pedestrian zone in Germany. However, Kölner Straße has only been a pedestrian zone since November 16, 1970. In 1972 Bahnhofstrasse was also designed as a pedestrian zone , a centrally located shopping arcade in the traditional style with various retailers, which leads to the railway and bus station and the multi-storey city gallery as well as the Sieg-Carré . These shopping malls have been supplemented since the 1960s by the Sieg overhang in the lower town, a several hundred meter long overbuilding of the Sieg with a large parking lot, a parking garage and commercial buildings.

The demolition of the parking lot called the Siegplatte above the Siegbett, which was concreted over at the end of the 1960s, was only so popular in the city's politics and public in the 2000s that the city council approved the opening of Sieg to its old shores. For the Südwestfalen-Regionale 2013 , areas around the Sieg and the Kölner Tor, in the transition between Siegener lower town and upper town, are to be redesigned and make the townscape more attractive again in terms of urban planning. With the demolition of the Siegplatte, the re-exposed river, which gave the city its name, should once again become a tangible space in the center of the city. For this purpose, the Arnsberg district government approved EUR 2.94 million in funding at the beginning of September 2011 as part of the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive , while the city of Siegen itself contributed EUR 232,700 to the realization of the project.

A revolutionary change in the development of the cityscape and urban use with far-reaching consequences for the quality of urban life resulted in the closure of a large department store in the Upper Town in 1998 and the construction of two large shopping centers, City-Galerie (1998) and Sieg Carré (2006), in the Lower Town . As expected, the establishment of a “new center” on the periphery of the city center has taken the function of the old center away. It was greatly devalued, which resulted in the closure of many of the long-established shops and cafés located there and the emptying of the weekly market. The vacancy rate has since been reduced somewhat, not least due to the arrival of marginal service providers and consumer goods, the loss of quality has remained overall.

The comprehensive redesign of the urban topography, which was unique in the history of the city and was influenced exclusively by consumption, took place without questioning the citizens, as had taken place regularly in the decades before and the results of which contradict today's urban design. After the course was set, all attempts by Upper Town residents and retailers to oppose the development had to be unsuccessful.

In response to the declining importance of the Upper Town as a shopping district since the end of the nineties, the Gesellschaft für Stadtmarketing Siegen (GSS) was founded in 2002 and the Immobilien- und Standortgemeinschaft Oberstadt e. V. (ISG) founded.

traffic

Rail transport

Siegen train station

The city of Siegen lies at the intersection of the following railway lines:

the double-track electrified Ruhr-Sieg route on the

the Ruhr-Sieg-Express (RE 16), the Ruhr-Sieg-Bahn (RB 91) and the Rothaarbahn (RB 93) to Kreuztal .

the double-track electrified Dill line on the

the Main-Sieg-Express (RE 99) and

the Sieg-Dill-Bahn (RB 95) .

the double-track electrified victory line on the

the Rhein-Sieg-Express (RE 9), the Rothaarbahn (RB 93) and the Westerwald-Sieg-Bahn (RB 90) to Au (Sieg) .

Tracks and Rhein-Sieg-Express

There are a total of five local rail transport stations in the area of the city of Siegen:

Siegen Hbf , Siegen-Weidenau , Siegen-Geisweid , Eiserfeld (Sieg) and Niederschelden North . The Siegen Ost stationon the Dill route was closed.

Deutsche Bahn plans to connect Siegen to the Intercity network with line 34 from December 2021 . With the new double-decker trains of the type Intercity 2 , a long-distance line between Münster – Hamm – Dortmund / Unna – Siegen – Frankfurt am Main is to be created again. Until the summer of 2002, Siegen was served by the Interregio .

Bus transport

City bus Hübbelbummler

On March 18, 1895, the Netphener Omnibusgesellschaft started the world's first bus line with a petrol-powered bus.

The Siegen bus network distinguishes between eight different line types:

Line style	Traffic area	Specialty
City line	inner city	only runs within the city of Siegen
Local line	Neighboring places	-
Regional line	Neighboring commune	drives through at least two cities / municipalities
Uniexpress line	inner city	enables fast traffic to the university
Express bus line	Neighboring cities	only stops at certain stops
minibus	inner-city / smaller places	drives in areas with lower demand
Taxi bus	all localities	only runs on reservation at times of low demand
Night bus line	Neighboring cities	runs only on the nights from Friday to Saturday and from Saturday to Sunday
Magolves Line	Siegen - Leimbach Stadium	drives from Siegen ZOB to the stadium at home games of Sportfreunde Siegen

Since October 2006, in addition to the regular city bus and local bus lines, the so-called Hübbelbummler has been running as a city bus between the ZOB and Oberstadt. The vehicle is a yellow and red double-decker bus in a nostalgic style. A Hübbelbummler ticket allows the journey to be interrupted and continued later, VGWS season tickets are not valid on this city bus. The tariff of Verkehrsgemeinschaft Westfalen-Süd (VGWS) applies to all local public transport (ÖPNV) and the NRW tariff applies to all tariff areas . The lines have been operated solely by the Siegener Verkehrsbetriebe Westfalen-Süd since 2018 .

Streets

The Hüttentalstrasse in Siegen-Mitte at night

In the trunk road area , the city of Siegen is connected to the motorway routes

A 45 ( E 40 / E 41 ) Dortmund - Aschaffenburg (Sauerland line) and
A 4 ( E 40 ) Aachen - Görlitz

as well as the federal highways

B 54 (from Gronau in the Münsterland to Wiesbaden ) and
B 62 (from Roth near Altenkirchen to Zella-Mehlis ).

The cityscape is shaped by the Hüttentalstrasse (HTS, B 54 / B 62), which runs through the city area as an urban motorway (in large parts as an elevated road ).

Between 2001 and 2006 the A 4 was rebuilt between the AS 28 Wenden and Kreuztal . At the level of the Kreuztal district of Krombach , it turns into Hüttentalstrasse (B 54). The last construction phase was inaugurated on December 1, 2006 and opened to traffic. Eight viaducts and ten underpasses and overpasses were built on the twelve-kilometer section.

In addition to several Park & Ride parking spaces outside the city center, parking space for individual road traffic is largely provided in the city center of Siegen through the parking space management of various parking garages and isolated streets designated as temporary parking spaces. Parking garages are located in the Oberstadt area at the foot of Löhrstraße with the parking garage at Löhrtor, as well as in Hinterstraße and in the underground parking garage that serves as such under the Karstadt department store. With the Heeserstrasse multi-storey car park opened on February 14, 1974, the multi-storey car park in Morleystrasse near the Apollo Theater and the car park integrated into the City-Galerie building complex, the lower town also has the relevant infrastructure.

Bicycle traffic

The city of Siegen is located on the E1 European long-distance hiking trail , which leads from central Sweden to Umbria in Italy . Siegen is also connected to the NRW cycling network. In addition, cycle paths in the urban area are an exception. Occasionally, cyclists are allowed to use bus lanes. However, the city's traffic planning inside and outside the city is primarily aimed at promoting car traffic. For these reasons and because of the largely mountainous urban landscape with many gradients, cycling in Siegen plays a subordinate role; Cyclists are in the minority in the cityscape.

air traffic

Siegerland Airport is located in the municipality of Burbach in the south of the district .

Local media

WDR broadcaster Giersberg

With three daily newspapers, the WDR studio and the Siegen local radio station, Siegen has a comparatively diverse media landscape. The West German Broadcasting (WDR) maintains a tri-media studio, be used in the reports and news from the South Westphalian circles via radio, television, teletext and the Internet. This includes the local time Südwestfalen , the TV window Südwestfalen broadcast on weekdays after the current hour on the third television program of the WDR. In addition, the WDR operates the Siegen-Giersberg transmitter for DAB + , UKW and DVB-T (formerly also medium wave) on the Giersberg .

The daily newspapers in Siegen are the Siegener Zeitung , the Westfälische Rundschau and the Westfalenpost with local and regional editions. Until 2000, the Siegener Zeitung was one of the few afternoon newspapers in Germany. It has the highest circulation here and is the market leader in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district. The publishing house and central editorial office are in Siegen. The national newspapers Westfälische Rundschau and Westfalenpost have their central editorial offices in Dortmund and Hagen, respectively. Both belong to the WAZ media group in Essen, appear in an advertising network of the WAZ newspaper publishers and with the reorganization of the WAZ newspapers since the end of May 2009 with a joint editorial local section for the Siegerland.

Since June 1990, the local radio station Radio Siegen, which is part of the Radio NRW program, has been broadcasting in the Siegen-Wittgenstein district . The local radio is one of 45 in North Rhine-Westphalia. According to the State Broadcasting / State Media Act, it has two pillars: an editorial program under public law and an operating company that is responsible for the economic and technical operation of the local radio.

There is also the campus radio Radius 92.1 operated by students of the University of Siegen , which can be received in the city on 92.1 MHz.

Public facilities

Siegen is the seat of the district administration Siegen-Wittgenstein and a chamber of industry and commerce (IHK), whose chamber district includes the districts of Siegen-Wittgenstein and Olpe . Siegen was the seat of one until the district military replacement offices were dissolved .

With the district court of Siegen , the district court of Siegen and the labor court of Siegen , the city is a regionally important place of jurisdiction.

education

From 1594 to 1599/1600 and from 1606 to 1609 the high school in Nassau , the Johannea , was relocated twice from Herborn to Siegen and housed in buildings around the Lower Castle. The oldest school in Siegen is the Gymnasium Am Löhrtor , which was founded in 1536 by Erasmus Sarcerius as a Latin school and pedagogy. The boys' grammar school in Oranienstrasse developed from this. The largest general education school in the city is the Bertha von Suttner comprehensive school (sec. I and II) with over 1000 students . Siegen is also the location of the University of Siegen, which was founded on August 1, 1972 as the Siegen University . There is also a part-time study center of the FOM - University of Economics and Management , and the Administration and Business Academy in Siegen . There are also various general and vocational schools (vocational colleges), the Siegerland college and the advanced training college for attaining general university entrance qualifications.

There are numerous general education schools in the city of Siegen: five high schools ( Fürst-Johann-Moritz-Gymnasium , Gymnasium Am Löhrtor , Gymnasium auf der Morgenröthe, Peter-Paul-Rubens-Gymnasium and Evangelisches Gymnasium ), two secondary schools (Realschule auf der Morgenröthe and Realschule Am Oberen Schloss) as well as a secondary school (secondary school Achenbach) and the 21 primary schools Albert-Schweitzer-Schule, Birlenbacher Schule, Diesterwegschule, Eiserner Schule, Fischbacherbergschule, Friedrich-Flender-Schule, Geisweiderschule, Giersbergschule, Glückaufschule, Gosenbacherschule, elementary school on the Hubenfeld , Elementary School Eiserfeld, Elementary School Kaan-Marienborn, Hammerhütterschule, Hüttental School, Jung-Stilling School, Lindenberg School, North School, Obenstruth School, Sonnenhang School and Spandau School. In the city area there are three comprehensive schools with a grammar school upper level (Bertha von Suttner comprehensive school Siegen, Eiserfeld comprehensive school, Auf dem Schießberg comprehensive school, which is currently still under construction) and a private Waldorf school (Rudolf Steiner school). There are also four special needs schools with a special educational focus on learning (Pestalozzi School), intellectual development (Hans Reinhardt School) and language (Lindenschule) as well as the curative Waldorf School Johanna Russo School in Siegen.

There is also the Siegen-Wittgenstein football talent school and the municipal Fritz-Busch music school in Siegen .

In addition to the above-mentioned vocational schools, colleges, academies, evening secondary school and the University of Siegen, the offer of the Siegen Adult Education Center rounds off the educational offer with a wide-ranging program for general and further education.

leisure

There are three indoor swimming pools in the Siegen city area. These are the indoor swimming pool at Löhrtor, which was reopened in 1967, with a 25 × 15 meter swimming pool, the indoor swimming pool in Weidenau with a size of 25 × 12.5 meters and the indoor swimming pool Eiserfeld (also 25 × 12.5 meters). In addition to the two hot water outdoor pools in Geisweid and Kaan-Marienborn, the Seelbacher Weiher natural outdoor pool and the Eiserfeld natural outdoor pool are also located in the Siegen city area.

Linguistic joke

A winged saying in Siegen is: “What is worse than losing? Win! ”It is not known who was the first to come up with the verdict; However, it reached nationwide dissemination at the latest in 1990 when the University of Siegen took first place in a university comparison by the news magazine Spiegel .

Personalities

literature

Heinrich Silbergleit: Prussian cities: memorandum for the 100th anniversary of the city ordinance of November 19, 1808. Heymann, Berlin 1908.
Heinrich von Achenbach: The Haubergs cooperatives of the Siegerland. Newly edited after printing by Bonn in 1863. v. City of Siegen, Siegerland Research Center, Siegen 1963.
Heinrich von Achenbach: History of the city of Siegen. Erg. Reprint of the Vorländer edition, Siegen 1894. Die Wielandschmiede publishing house, Kreuztal 1983.
Heinrich von Achenbach: From the Siegerland's past. 2nd supplementary reprint of the Siegen 1898 edition. Die Wielandschmiede publishing house, Kreuztal 1982.
Walther Hubatsch (Ed.): Westphalia. In: Outline of the German administrative history 1815–1945. Volume 8 Row A: Prussia. Marburg an der Lahn 1980, ISBN 3-87969-123-1 .
Erich Keyser (ed.): Westphalian city book. In: German city book. Volume III 2nd part. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1954.
Mues, Willi: The big cauldron. A documentary about the end of the Second World War between Lippe and Ruhr / Sieg and Lenne . Erwitte 1984.
Rainer S. Elkar u. Jürgen Schawacht (Ed.): Siegen 1896. Pictures and notes from the Prussian province. Vorländer, Siegen 1996. ISBN 3-923483-21-X .
Andreas Bingener (arr.): Siegen . In: Wilfried Ehbrecht (Ed.): Westphalian City Atlas . Delivery 9, No. 4. GSV Städteatlas Verlag, Altenbeken 2004.
Achim Walder (Ed.): Sights in Siegerland and Wittgenstein. Between Sieg and Rothaargebirge Walder Verlag 2004, ISBN 3-936575-08-8 .

Web links

Further content in the sister projects of Wikipedia:
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Website of the city of Siegen
Interesting facts about the city of Siegen
Photos: alleys, streets and squares in Siegen
Siegen in the Westphalia culture atlas

Individual evidence

↑ Population of the municipalities of North Rhine-Westphalia on December 31, 2019 - update of the population based on the census of May 9, 2011. State Office for Information and Technology North Rhine-Westphalia (IT.NRW), accessed on June 17, 2020 . ( Help on this )

^ Homepage of the city of Siegen, viewed July 3, 2012 .

↑ siegen.de: Siegerlandmuseum , accessed on 14 August, 2009.

↑ siegen.de: urban forest , accessed on January 28 of 2008.

↑ Weather service: wetterdienst.de , accessed on October 1, 2018.

↑ Siegen Document Book Volume I, Siegen, 1887, p. 6, No. 3.

↑ Paul Fickeler: The winning country as an example of economic history and geogragraphischer harmony. In: Geography. Archive for Scientific Geography , Vol. VIII, Lfg. 1, 1954, pp. 15–51.

↑ Siegen Document Book Volume I, Siegen, 1887, p. 8, No. 8.

↑ Siegerländer Heimatkalender 1990, p. 20, 65th edition, published by Siegerländer Heimat- und Geschichtsverein e. V., publishing house for local literature.

^ Siegerländer Heimatkalender 1966: Milestones from the Siegerland past by Adolf Müller, Verlag für Heimatliteratur, p. 97.

^ Siegerländer Heimatkalender 1966: Milestones from the Siegerland past by Adolf Müller, Verlag für Heimatliteratur, p. 98.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Scrolled back ... , Siegener Zeitung of March 5, 2011.

^ Siegerländer Heimatkalender 1966: Milestones from the Siegerland past by Adolf Müller, Verlag für Heimatliteratur, p. 99.

↑ ^a ^b Scrolled back ... , Siegener Zeitung, September 11, 2010, p. 43.

^ Turned the page back ... , Siegener Zeitung from April 2nd, 2011.

↑ ^a ^b Siegerländer Heimatkalender 1990, p. 6, 65th edition, published by Siegerländer Heimat- und Geschichtsverein e. V., publishing house for local literature.

↑ Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 120 ( online at google books ).

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Scrolled back ... , Siegener Zeitung of December 4, 2010.

↑ Scrolled back ... , Siegener Zeitung of July 30, 2011, p. 43.

↑ Bodo-Christian Kott: The election of Alfred Fißmer as mayor of the city of Siegen. In: Siegener contributions. Yearbook for Regional History , Vol. 13/14, Siegen 2009, pp. 247-258.

↑ ^a ^b Scrolled back ... , Siegener Zeitung of December 31, 2010, p. 34.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Siegerländer Heimatkalender 1990, p. 28, 65th edition, publisher Siegerländer Heimat- und Geschichtsverein e. V., publishing house for local literature.

^ Ulrich Friedrich Opfermann : Siegerland and Wittgenstein under National Socialism. People, data, literature , Siegen 2001, p. 174f.

↑ Ulrich Wagener: Testimony of Faith and Resistance. Pastor Wilhelm Ochse (1878–1960) , Siegen 1990, p. 41f.

↑ The tradition is fragmentary. For a long time she was subject to a command of silence. It already says so from the materials of the “Synagogue Trial” (1948). The investigation has been extremely slow for years. The event has not yet been received by the literature that emerged in the home environment. See: Klaus Dietermann: Jewish Life in City and Country Siegen , Siegen 1998; Ulrich Friedrich Opfermann: “With clinking windows and yelling”. Jews and Volksgemeinschaft , Siegen 2009, p. 109 ff .; Kurt Schilde , "... accused of ... having set fire to the synagogue in Siegen". The 1948 verdict of the Siegen Regional Court against the arsonists and a commentary, in: Siegener Posts. Yearbook for Regional History 8, Siegen 2003, pp. 229-252.

^ Siegerländer Heimatkalender 1990, p. 18, 65th edition, published by Siegerländer Heimat- und Geschichtsverein e. V., publishing house for local literature.

↑ siegen.de: "Municipal Gallery House Seel" , accessed on 17 July 2011th

↑ Joachim Stahl: Bunkers and galleries for air protection in the Siegen area , Kreuztal 1980.

↑ Ulrich Opfermann: home strangers. “Foreign deployment” in Siegerland, 1939 to 1945 , Siegen 1991, p. 49, attached city map with “foreigner camps”.

↑ Ulrich Friedrich Opfermann: "With clinking windows and hooting". Jews and Volksgemeinschaft , Siegen 2009, p. 137; Klaus Dietermann: Jewish Life in City and Country Siegen , Siegen 1998, p. 111 ff.

↑ Ulrich Friedrich Opfermann: December 1944. "... een light as van een bliksemschicht en een slag as van de donder ...". In: Siegener contributions. Yearbook for Regional History 10 (2005), pp. 165–177; Dieter Pfau (Ed.): End of the war in Siegen in 1945. Documentation of the exhibition 2005 , Bielefeld 2005, p. 129 ff.

↑ Dieter Pfau (Ed.): End of the war in Siegen in 1945. Documentation of the exhibition 2005 , Bielefeld 2005, pp. 129–146.

^ Adolf Müller: War and misery in the Siegerland , Vorländer publishing house, Siegen 1981.

↑ Dieter Pfau (Ed.): End of the war in Siegen in 1945. Documentation of the exhibition 2005 , Bielefeld 2005, pp. 147–155.

↑ Ulrich Opfermann: home strangers. “Foreign deployment” in Siegerland, 1939 to 1945 , Siegen 1991, pp. 106–110.

↑ Dieter Pfau (Ed.): End of the war in Siegen in 1945. Documentation of the exhibition 2005 , Bielefeld 2005, pp. 166, 172.

↑ Association for Bürbacher history and home care e. V. (Ed.): Back then in Siegen by Dieter Tröps and Horst Braunöhler, p. 140f.

^ Adolf Müller: War and misery in the Siegerland , Vorländer Verlag, Siegen 1981, p. 46.

↑ Dieter Pfau (Ed.): End of the war in Siegen in 1945. Documentation of the exhibition 2005 , Bielefeld 2005, p. 175.

↑ Manfred Zabel: The native language of enthusiasm. Selected speeches and writings by Fritz Fries , Siegen 1990, p. 9.

^ Frido Wagener : New administration building, 2nd edition Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, p. 152 ff .

↑ 2011 census database on the city of Siegen, viewed May 31, 2013

↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original dated December 11, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ www.focus.de , August 9, 2017
^ Journal of Romance Philology .
↑ Internet presence of the Ev. Community Association Siegerland – Wittgenstein eV ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Mosques in Siegen
↑ Census 2011 City of Siegen Religion (%)
↑ City of Siegen Facts and Figures 2019 , accessed on May 11, 2020
^ ^A ^b ^c ^d ^e Stephanie Reekers: The regional development of the districts and communities of Westphalia 1817-1967 . Aschendorff, Münster Westfalen 1977, ISBN 3-402-05875-8 , p. 282 f .
↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 72 .
^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 336 .
↑ Population figures in the Arnsberg administrative region. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on April 9, 2018 ; accessed on April 9, 2018 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ siegen.de: primary residence population by districts on 31 December 2015 , accessed on February 8 2016th
^ Siegerländer Heimatkalender 1989, p. 170, 64th edition, published by Siegerländer Heimat- und Geschichtsverein e. V., publishing house for local literature.
↑ Hartmut Eichenauer: Siegen ( Memento of the original from February 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2 archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 12.2 MB) , approx. 1995

↑ Westfälische Rundschau: Netphen is bottom of the league. Local section Siegen, May 26, 2008.

^ Main statute of the city of Siegen i. d. F. dated September 5, 2012

↑ § 3 of the main statute of the city of Siegen

^ Website of the South Westphalian Railway Museum in Siegen , accessed on August 4, 2008.

↑ apollosiegen.de: The history of the Apollo cinema ( Memento of the original from July 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .

↑ Leafed back ... , Siegener Zeitung from January 29, 2011.

^ Regional Association Westphalia-Lippe: Castle Park at the Upper Castle in LWL Geodata Culture

↑ Information brochure: Law enforcement in North Rhine-Westphalia, publisher: Justizministerium NRW, 2006, p. 54f

↑ uni-siegen.de

^ "Overcoming the Challenges of Time", Siegener Zeitung, October 30, 2013

↑ Official flyer of the real estate and location community Siegen-Oberstadt e. V. and the Apollo Theater on the night of 1000 lights on August 6, 2011.

↑ "Monuments in Siegen" ( Memento of the original from January 31, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 470 kB).

↑ siegen.de: Current Economic / structural data of victories , accessed on 8 December of 2010.

↑ ^a ^b Martin Knobbe, Björn Lux: Tell me where the customers are…. In: Stern. No. 43, 2004, pp. 28-36.

↑ The West: Victory Plate Before the End ( Memento from November 4, 2012 in the Internet Archive )

^ "Demolition of the victory plate: approval granted", Siegener Zeitung of September 3, 2011.

^ Ulrich Friedrich Opfermann, Bernd D. Plaum, Kurt Schilde: Life, work and mentality in the Siegerland. Summary of available knowledge. no place, no year (Siegen 2007), accessible in the archive of the city of Siegen.

↑ Hartmut Eichenauer: Eccentric and closed - Spatial consequences of recent renovation processes for the shape and structure of Siegen city center. In: Siegener contributions. No. 5, 2000, pp. 69-92.

↑ Stop in Siegen and Kreuztal. Intercity connection from the end of 2019 is taking shape . In: Siegener Zeitung . December 10, 2015, p. 3 .

↑ Der Hübbelbummler ( Memento from July 23, 2011 in the Internet Archive )

↑ VWS prevails in Europe-wide tender by «Archive« Current «VWS Siegen. Retrieved March 17, 2020 .

↑ siegen.de: Parking in Siegen , accessed on August 8 2011th

^ Studio Siegen

↑ Your campus radio. Retrieved April 20, 2020 (German).

^ High school at the Löhrtor: History of the Löhrtor . Retrieved January 28, 2008.

^ Siegerländer Heimatkalender 1966: Milestones from the Siegerland past by Adolf Müller, Verlag für Heimatliteratur, p. 96.

↑ "The 'second starting shot' took place in 1967", Siegener Zeitung of October 30, 2013

↑ Indoor and hot water swimming pools in the city of Siegen at www.siegen.de, accessed on November 3, 2013

↑ Lose or Win? im Spiegel on January 1, 1990, accessed on July 29, 2012

[Metadaten_Einwohnerzahl_DE-NW-1] Population of the municipalities of North Rhine-Westphalia on December 31, 2019 - update of the population based on the census of May 9, 2011. State Office for Information and Technology North Rhine-Westphalia (IT.NRW), accessed on June 17, 2020 . ( Help on this )

[2] Homepage of the city of Siegen, viewed July 3, 2012 .

[3] siegen.de: Siegerlandmuseum , accessed on 14 August, 2009.

[4] siegen.de: urban forest , accessed on January 28 of 2008.

[5] Weather service: wetterdienst.de , accessed on October 1, 2018.

[6] Siegen Document Book Volume I, Siegen, 1887, p. 6, No. 3.

[7] Paul Fickeler: The winning country as an example of economic history and geogragraphischer harmony. In: Geography. Archive for Scientific Geography , Vol. VIII, Lfg. 1, 1954, pp. 15–51.

[8] Siegen Document Book Volume I, Siegen, 1887, p. 8, No. 8.

[9] Siegerländer Heimatkalender 1990, p. 20, 65th edition, published by Siegerländer Heimat- und Geschichtsverein e. V., publishing house for local literature.

[10] Siegerländer Heimatkalender 1966: Milestones from the Siegerland past by Adolf Müller, Verlag für Heimatliteratur, p. 97.

[11] Siegerländer Heimatkalender 1966: Milestones from the Siegerland past by Adolf Müller, Verlag für Heimatliteratur, p. 98.

[SZ_05.03.11-12] Scrolled back ... , Siegener Zeitung of March 5, 2011.

[13] Siegerländer Heimatkalender 1966: Milestones from the Siegerland past by Adolf Müller, Verlag für Heimatliteratur, p. 99.

[SZ_11.09.10-14] Scrolled back ... , Siegener Zeitung, September 11, 2010, p. 43.

[SZ_02.04.11-15] Turned the page back ... , Siegener Zeitung from April 2nd, 2011.

[Heimatkalender_1990_S._6-16] Siegerländer Heimatkalender 1990, p. 6, 65th edition, published by Siegerländer Heimat- und Geschichtsverein e. V., publishing house for local literature.

[PR-17] Wilhelm von der Nahmer: Handbuch des Rheinischen Particular-Rechts: Development of the territorial and constitutional relations of the German states on both banks of the Rhine: from the first beginning of the French Revolution up to the most recent times . tape 3 . Sauerländer, Frankfurt am Main 1832, OCLC 165696316 , p. 120 ( online at google books ).

[SZ_04.12.10-18] Scrolled back ... , Siegener Zeitung of December 4, 2010.

[19] Scrolled back ... , Siegener Zeitung of July 30, 2011, p. 43.

[20] Bodo-Christian Kott: The election of Alfred Fißmer as mayor of the city of Siegen. In: Siegener contributions. Yearbook for Regional History , Vol. 13/14, Siegen 2009, pp. 247-258.

[SZ_31.12.10-21] Scrolled back ... , Siegener Zeitung of December 31, 2010, p. 34.

[Heimatkalender_1990_S._28-22] Siegerländer Heimatkalender 1990, p. 28, 65th edition, publisher Siegerländer Heimat- und Geschichtsverein e. V., publishing house for local literature.

[23] Ulrich Friedrich Opfermann : Siegerland and Wittgenstein under National Socialism. People, data, literature , Siegen 2001, p. 174f.

[24] Ulrich Wagener: Testimony of Faith and Resistance. Pastor Wilhelm Ochse (1878–1960) , Siegen 1990, p. 41f.

[25] The tradition is fragmentary. For a long time she was subject to a command of silence. It already says so from the materials of the “Synagogue Trial” (1948). The investigation has been extremely slow for years. The event has not yet been received by the literature that emerged in the home environment. See: Klaus Dietermann: Jewish Life in City and Country Siegen , Siegen 1998; Ulrich Friedrich Opfermann: “With clinking windows and yelling”. Jews and Volksgemeinschaft , Siegen 2009, p. 109 ff .; Kurt Schilde , "... accused of ... having set fire to the synagogue in Siegen". The 1948 verdict of the Siegen Regional Court against the arsonists and a commentary, in: Siegener Posts. Yearbook for Regional History 8, Siegen 2003, pp. 229-252.

[26] Siegerländer Heimatkalender 1990, p. 18, 65th edition, published by Siegerländer Heimat- und Geschichtsverein e. V., publishing house for local literature.

[27] siegen.de: "Municipal Gallery House Seel" , accessed on 17 July 2011th

[28] Joachim Stahl: Bunkers and galleries for air protection in the Siegen area , Kreuztal 1980.

[29] Ulrich Opfermann: home strangers. “Foreign deployment” in Siegerland, 1939 to 1945 , Siegen 1991, p. 49, attached city map with “foreigner camps”.

[30] Ulrich Friedrich Opfermann: "With clinking windows and hooting". Jews and Volksgemeinschaft , Siegen 2009, p. 137; Klaus Dietermann: Jewish Life in City and Country Siegen , Siegen 1998, p. 111 ff.

[31] Ulrich Friedrich Opfermann: December 1944. "... een light as van een bliksemschicht en een slag as van de donder ...". In: Siegener contributions. Yearbook for Regional History 10 (2005), pp. 165–177; Dieter Pfau (Ed.): End of the war in Siegen in 1945. Documentation of the exhibition 2005 , Bielefeld 2005, p. 129 ff.

[32] Dieter Pfau (Ed.): End of the war in Siegen in 1945. Documentation of the exhibition 2005 , Bielefeld 2005, pp. 129–146.

[33] Adolf Müller: War and misery in the Siegerland , Vorländer publishing house, Siegen 1981.

[34] Dieter Pfau (Ed.): End of the war in Siegen in 1945. Documentation of the exhibition 2005 , Bielefeld 2005, pp. 147–155.

[35] Ulrich Opfermann: home strangers. “Foreign deployment” in Siegerland, 1939 to 1945 , Siegen 1991, pp. 106–110.

[36] Dieter Pfau (Ed.): End of the war in Siegen in 1945. Documentation of the exhibition 2005 , Bielefeld 2005, pp. 166, 172.

[37] Association for Bürbacher history and home care e. V. (Ed.): Back then in Siegen by Dieter Tröps and Horst Braunöhler, p. 140f.

[38] Adolf Müller: War and misery in the Siegerland , Vorländer Verlag, Siegen 1981, p. 46.

[39] Dieter Pfau (Ed.): End of the war in Siegen in 1945. Documentation of the exhibition 2005 , Bielefeld 2005, p. 175.

[40] Manfred Zabel: The native language of enthusiasm. Selected speeches and writings by Fritz Fries , Siegen 1990, p. 9.

[41] Frido Wagener : New administration building, 2nd edition Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1974, p. 152 ff .

[42] 2011 census database on the city of Siegen, viewed May 31, 2013