Karlsruhe

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Karlsruhe
Karlsruhe
Map of Germany, position of the city of Karlsruhe highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 1 '  N , 8 ° 24'  E

Basic data
State : Baden-Wuerttemberg
Administrative region : Karlsruhe
Height : 115 m above sea level NHN
Area : 173.42 km 2
Resident: 308,436 (Dec 31, 2020)
Population density : 1779 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes : 76131-76229
Area code : 0721
License plate : KA
Community key : 08 2 12 000
City structure: 27 districts

City administration address :
Karl-Friedrich-Strasse 10
76133 Karlsruhe
Website : www.karlsruhe.de
Lord Mayor : Frank Mentrup ( SPD )
Location of the city of Karlsruhe
in Baden-Württemberg
Frankreich Schweiz Österreich Bodensee Rheinland-Pfalz Hessen Freistaat Bayern Alb-Donau-Kreis Baden-Baden Landkreis Biberach Landkreis Böblingen Bodenseekreis Landkreis Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald Landkreis Calw Landkreis Emmendingen Enzkreis Landkreis Esslingen Freiburg im Breisgau Landkreis Freudenstadt Landkreis Göppingen Heidelberg Landkreis Heidenheim Landkreis Heilbronn Heilbronn Hohenlohekreis Landkreis Karlsruhe Karlsruhe Landkreis Konstanz Landkreis Lörrach Landkreis Ludwigsburg Main-Tauber-Kreis Mannheim Neckar-Odenwald-Kreis Ortenaukreis Ostalbkreis Pforzheim Landkreis Rastatt Landkreis Ravensburg Rems-Murr-Kreis Landkreis Reutlingen Rhein-Neckar-Kreis Landkreis Rottweil Landkreis Schwäbisch Hall Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis Landkreis Sigmaringen Stuttgart Landkreis Tübingen Landkreis Tuttlingen Ulm Landkreis Waldshut Zollernalbkreismap
About this picture
The statue of Grand Duke Karl Friedrich von Baden in front of the Karlsruhe Palace
The castle is located in the center of the radial inner city plan.
Aerial view from the east (front left Durlach , back right the Rheinhafen )

Karlsruhe (pronunciation [ˈkaɐ̯lsˌʁuːə] , listen to ? / I , local South Franconian Kallsruh ) is the third largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg with 308,436 inhabitants after the state capital Stuttgart and Mannheim . It is the administrative seat of the administrative district of Karlsruhe and the district of Karlsruhe and itself forms an urban district ( independent city ). The city is the regional center for the Middle Upper Rhine region and transnational for parts of the southern Palatinate . Audio file / audio sample

Karlsruhe, founded in 1715 from today's Durlach district as a planned Baroque town , was the capital and residence of the former state of Baden . Characteristic of the original city map are the 32 streets all around, radiating from the castle into the parks and the Hardtwald of the Upper Rhine Plain. Only the southern quarter was built close to the center; Karlsruhe owes the nickname “fan city” to its fan-shaped floor plan. Friedrich Weinbrenner's classicist buildings shape the image of the city expansion from the early 19th century.

Karlsruhe has been the seat of the Federal Court of Justice and the Federal Prosecutor General at the Federal Court of Justice since 1950 and of the Federal Constitutional Court since 1951 , which is why the city is also known as the “Residence of Law”. Numerous authorities and research institutions of supraregional importance are located in Karlsruhe. Of the city's nine universities, the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) is the oldest and largest, and since 2019 it has once again been a university of excellence . Large infrastructure facilities such as the two Rhine ports and the second largest refinery in Germany are opposed to an otherwise predominantly medium - sized economy. Karlsruhe is one of the most important European locations for information and communication technology . The Center for Art and Media (ZKM), one of the most important cultural institutions in the city, ties in with this . Others, such as the Badisches Landesmuseum or the Staatliche Kunsthalle , belong to the legacy of the residence period. In 2019, UNESCO included Karlsruhe as a "City of Media Art" in its network of Creative Cities .

geography

Marking of the 49th parallel in the city ​​garden
The 144 m high communication tower Grünwettersbach is close to the highest point in the city. The antenna tip reaches 460  m above sea level. NN .
View from the Turmberg over Durlach and Karlsruhe to the Palatinate Forest on the western edge of the Upper Rhine Plain

position

The Karlsruhe urban area lies entirely on the right bank of the Rhine and predominantly in the Upper Rhine Plain . In the east it includes the Turmberg and the adjacent heights but also the edge of the hill country at the transition from the southern Kraichgau to the northern Black Forest . The districts of Durlach, Wolfartsweier, Hohenwettersbach, Grünwettersbach, Palmbach and Stupferich have been part of the Black Forest Middle / North Nature Park since January 2021 .

The Rhine , one of the world's most important waterways, forms the western city limits to which the state of Rhineland-Palatinate connects. Measured from the market square, the city ​​center is 7.5 km from the river. The small tributaries of the Rhine, Alb and Pfinz, flow through the city from the Black Forest and Kraichgau in a north-westerly direction. The city of Karlsruhe was founded away from the floodplain zones of the rivers on the lower terrace of the Upper Rhine (Hochgestade), which towers above the basement of the Rhine floodplains in the west and the Kinzig-Murg Gully in the southeast and east of the hills in front of the hills . In the Rhine floodplains there are several old Rhine waters and the Baggersee Knielinger See , the largest lake in Karlsruhe with an area of ​​80.5  hectares .

The lowest point of the urban area is at the oil port on the Rhine at 100  m above sea level. NN , the highest in the wild boar enclosure in the Grünwettersbach district at 323.2  m above sea level. NN and the market square in the city center at 114.9  m above sea level. NN .

The total area of ​​the city is 173.46 square kilometers. In terms of area, it ranks 30th among the major German cities (see: List of major cities in Germany ). The largest extension in north-south direction is 16.8 km, in east-west direction 19.3 km.

The 49th parallel runs through Karlsruhe. The city is thus on the same geographical latitude as a large part of the state border between the USA and Canada and (approximately; viewed in west-east direction) the cities of Vancouver (Canada), Paris (France), Regensburg , Prešov (Slovakia) and Hulun Buir (China).

The city is part of the agglomeration of Karlsruhe / Pforzheim, which also includes some municipalities in the Karlsruhe district (especially the large district towns of Bruchsal , Ettlingen , Stutensee and Rheinstetten ), the city of Pforzheim , the north-western part of the Enzkreis, as well as the city of Mühlacker and the municipality of Niefern -Öschelbronn in the northeastern Enzkreis. Within the Middle Upper Rhine region, Karlsruhe is one of the 14 regional centers in Baden-Württemberg that are designated according to the 2002 regional development plan. Cross-border Karlsruhe is part of the trinational metropolitan region of the Upper Rhine . There is also the euro District Pamina ( Pa latinat , Mi ttlerer Upper Rhine and N properly A lsace ) links with communities in the Southern Palatinate and Lower Rhine .

Neighboring communities

The following cities and municipalities border the city of Karlsruhe. They are in a clockwise direction , starting from the north, called:

Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Stutensee , Weingarten (Baden) , Pfinztal , Karlsbad , Waldbronn , Ettlingen and Rheinstetten (all districts of Karlsruhe ) and, on the opposite side of the Rhine, Hagenbach and Wörth am Rhein (both districts of Germersheim in Rhineland-Palatinate)

climate

With an annual mean temperature of 11.0 ° C, Karlsruhe is one of the warmest cities in Germany and, with an average annual sunshine duration of 1805 hours, also one of the sunniest. With 21.4 hot days and 68.0 summer days per year (averages for the reference period 1981–2010), Karlsruhe has the highest values ​​of all German weather stations in both categories. The mean annual total precipitation of 783 mm (reference period 1981-2010), however, is close to the German average of 789 mm.

The protected location in the Upper Rhine Valley has the consequence that in the summer often oppressive in Karlsruhe sultriness prevails. The winters, on the other hand, are mostly mild and often characterized by the high fog typical of the Rhine Valley. On a long-term average, Karlsruhe has 60.7  frost days and 11.1  ice days per year.

On August 9 and 13, 2003, the then official German heat record, which had existed since 1983, was set in Karlsruhe with an absolute maximum temperature of 40.2 ° C, although it only lasted until summer 2015. The lowest temperature ever recorded in Karlsruhe was −25.4 ° C and was measured on January 18, 1940.

Karlsruhe
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
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Temperature in ° Cprecipitation in mm
Source: Temperatures, precipitation and rainy days: DWD, data: 2015–2020, hours of sunshine: The International Climate Index, humidity: wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Karlsruhe
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 5.9 9.0 12.2 16.9 20.4 25.4 28.1 27.4 22.5 16.3 10.3 7.4 O 16.9
Min. Temperature (° C) −0.1 0.7 2.2 4.4 8.9 13.2 15.0 14.4 10.0 6.8 3.2 1.5 O 6.7
Temperature (° C) 3.1 4.6 7.2 10.9 14.8 19.5 21.7 20.7 16.0 11.3 6.8 4.5 O 11.8
Precipitation ( mm ) 63 61 55 46 72 68 58 37 52 53 51 56 Σ 672
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 1.5 2.7 3.9 5.4 6.8 7.3 7.9 7.1 5.7 3.6 2.0 1.5 O 4.6
Rainy days ( d ) 18th 15th 15th 13th 14th 12th 12th 11th 11th 13th 15th 16 Σ 165
Humidity ( % ) 85 80 74 69 69 69 67 71 77 82 84 84 O 75.9
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5.9
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9.0
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8.9
25.4
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28.1
15.0
27.4
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Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
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  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: Temperatures, precipitation and rainy days: DWD, data: 2015–2020, hours of sunshine: The International Climate Index, humidity: wetterkontor.de

City structure

The urban area of ​​Karlsruhe is divided into 27 districts, which are further subdivided into districts, formerly also known as city ​​districts . The eight inner districts are marked in red on the map below, the 19 outer districts in green and yellow. Apart from Oberreut , the Waldstadt and Weiherfeld-Dammerstock , three new housing developments from the 20th century, the outer districts go back to formerly independent towns and villages that are significantly older than Karlsruhe itself.

Waldstadt Südstadt Weststadt Nordweststadt Oststadt Mühlburg Daxlanden Knielingen Grünwinkel Oberreut Beiertheim-Bulach Weiherfeld-Dammerstock Rüppurr Rintheim Hagsfeld Durlach Grötzingen Stupferich Hohenwettersbach Wolfartsweier Grünwettersbach Palmbach Neureut NordstadtKarlsruhe districts
About this picture
The Knielinger See , a quarry pond in the nature reserves Burgau and Altrhein Maxau

Protected areas

The following eight nature reserves exist in the city of Karlsruhe . This means that 728.74 hectares of the urban area are under nature protection, that is 4.2 percent.

  1. Old Karlsruhe airfield : 69.1 ha
  2. Altrhein Kleiner Bodensee : 216.8 ha (of which 87.8 ha in the city of Karlsruhe)
  3. Old Rhine Maxau : 34.6 ha
  4. Burgau : 291.1 ha
  5. Erlachsee : 16.4 ha
  6. Fritschlach : 86.8 ha
  7. Kälberklamm and Hasenklamm : 21.1 ha (of which 0.1 ha in the city of Karlsruhe)
  8. Weingartener Moor-Bruchwald Grötzingen : 255.6 ha (of which 142.8 ha in the city of Karlsruhe)

The 17 landscape protection areas in Karlsruhe take up around 5,760 hectares and thus a third of the urban area. They extend over all natural areas of Karlsruhe. Immediately next to the castle in the city center is the park of the castle garden and the northern Hardtwald, a 15 km long forest area that extends into the neighboring district of Karlsruhe and is designated as a landscape protection area. To the south-east of the main train station is the Oberwald, a 583 hectare protected landscape area close to the densely populated Südstadt.

story

The medieval old town of Durlach
Margrave Karl Wilhelm , founder of the city of Karlsruhe, painting by Johann Rudolf Huber , 1710

Before the city was founded

In the vicinity of the planned city of Karlsruhe, which was only founded in the Hardtwald in 1715, there were several villages as well as the cities of Durlach and Mühlburg . These places, which are now incorporated into Karlsruhe as districts, have a much longer history than today's core city.

In Knielingen , Rüppurr and Durlach there is evidence of hatchets and bronze ingots from the Bronze Age . In 1911 a cemetery was found with ten burials from the younger Iron Age . On the edge of a Roman settlement in the Grünwinkel district , three brick kilns and a pottery kiln were uncovered in 1922–1927, which were believed to have been in operation from the end of the 1st century AD to the end of the 2nd century. A grave field with 44 burials and many other traces such as individual graves, brick kilns or coins indicate a Roman settlement.

The oldest district Knielingen was first mentioned in a document in 786. The Counts of Hohenberg built the castle complex on the Turmberg near Durlach in the 11th century . In 1094 they donated the Benedictine monastery Gottesaue, on whose grounds the Gottesaue Castle has stood since the late 16th century . The monastery favored the growth of nearby settlements such as Mühlburg, Knielingen or Neureut . In the year 1196 Durlach was first mentioned as a town.

In 1525 Mühlburg, Durlach and Neureut joined the peasant uprising . Baden-Durlach became Protestant in 1556 and as a result the Neureuters bought themselves free from serfdom in 1563. When Margrave Karl II moved his residence from Pforzheim to Durlach in 1565 , the city experienced an economic and cultural boom.

In the Thirty Years' War were Rintheim , Durlach, Hagsfeld and Mühlburg destroyed. During the Palatinate War of Succession , French troops destroyed the royal seat of Durlach, Schloss Gottesaue, Rintheim, Mühlburg, Knielingen and Daxlanden in 1689, but Rüppurr was not destroyed.

In 1699, refugee Huguenots settled in Neureut. A new district developed, which was called Welschneureut . In contrast, the old district was called Teutschneureut .

18th century

Karlsruhe is one of the last major European city foundations on the drawing board . Karl Wilhelm , Margrave of Baden-Durlach, swapped the mediaeval narrowness of his former residence in Durlach for a new city that was open in structure and spirit.

Idealized view of the city of Karlsruhe, copper engraving by Heinrich Schwarz 1721

According to legend, Karl Wilhelm fell asleep while riding a hunt in the Hardtwald. He dreamed of a splendid castle that lay like the sun in the center of his new residence, the streets of the city were like the rays of the sun. Karl Wilhelm had his dream city designed ( see also: planned city ) and founded the residence named after him ("Carols Ruhe") on June 17, 1715 with the laying of the foundation stone for the Karlsruhe castle tower .

The actual motives for the establishment have not been passed down. The radial system, which is also seen as the urban embodiment of absolutism , corresponds to the typology of a hunting star and opened up the Hardtwald as a hunting area. The tower initially served as a hunting and pleasure palace. Karlsruhe only became the residence of the margraviate of Baden-Durlach in 1718 .

The city complex has been preserved to this day: The castle is located in the center of a circle from which roads radiate into the city to the south and avenues through the Hardtwald to the north. From the castle tower in the center you can see all the rays. There are a total of 32 streets and avenues. This number corresponds exactly to the division of the compass rose . The southern quarter of the full circle formed the built-up urban area and extended to the Durlach – Mühlburg road, today's Kaiserstrasse . The floor plan is reminiscent of a fan , which is why Karlsruhe is known as the “fan city”. The streets were named after the members of the House Order of Loyalty , founded on the occasion of the laying of the foundation stone . The planning, which was entirely geared towards the prince, initially provided neither a town hall nor a market square.

With the letter of privilege dated September 24, 1715, which summarized his idea of ​​a model city and already bore many signs of an ultra-modern image of the state and people, Karl Wilhelm created incentives to colonize Karlsruhe. Much appears in the “privileges” that the European peoples fought for in the revolutions of the following years, up to the 20th century, as a good right for every human being: personal freedom, economic freedoms, equality before the law, political participation. People from France, Poland, Italy, Switzerland and many German countries took part in the construction of Karlsruhe. The city's first mayor, Johannes Sembach , was from Strasbourg .

After the reunification of Baden-Durlach with the Margraviate of Baden-Baden in 1771, Karlsruhe was the residence of the entire Margraviate of Baden .

19th century

The pyramid on the market square, the tomb of the city's founder Karl Wilhelm . Left the town church, right the town hall
The city ​​church of Karlsruhe was built by Friedrich Weinbrenner based on Greek temples

From 1806 the city was the residence of the Grand Dukes of Baden . In 1818, Grand Duke Carl in Karlsruhe enacted the Baden constitution , which was very liberal for the time . In 1822, the first specially built parliament building on German soil was built in Karlsruhe ( Ständehaus memorial ). One of the deputies of the Badische States General belonged Friedrich Hecker , a leader of the Baden Revolution 1848/49 .

In 1825, Grand Duke Ludwig I founded the Polytechnic as the nucleus of the University of Karlsruhe, and since 2009 the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology . In 1846, one of the first volunteer fire brigades was established in Durlach alongside the Heidelberger .

In the course of the Baden Revolution , Grand Duke Leopold fled to Koblenz in May 1849 . Until the suppression of the insurgents in Rastatt by Prussian troops in July, Baden was de facto a republic. With the first German administrative court and with it the first possibility in Germany to sue civil rights against legal violations of the state, Karlsruhe 1863/64 marks a milestone on the way to turn subjects into citizens.

From September 3rd to 5th, 1860, the Karlsruhe Congress took place in Karlsruhe , the first international specialist congress of a natural science discipline. In 1862 - earlier than anywhere else - the proverbial Baden liberality found its expression in the civil equality of the Jews .

On November 4, 1876, the first symphony in C minor, Opus 68 by Johannes Brahms, was premiered by the Grand Ducal Badische Hofkapelle in Karlsruhe . The first horse-drawn tram in Karlsruhe ran on January 21, 1877 . On September 16, 1893, the first German girls ' grammar school was opened in Karlsruhe, today's Lessing grammar school .

20th century

Karlsruhe around 1900 (view from the castle tower in south direction)
Karlsruhe around 2005 (view from the castle tower in south direction)
The Kaiser Street in 1966, then still no pedestrian
Lake in the city ​​garden and Black Forest Hall during the Federal Horticultural Show in 1967

In 1901 the population exceeded 100,000, making Karlsruhe a major city . In the course of time, numerous neighboring communities were incorporated or incorporated, including Durlach, from where the city of Karlsruhe was founded.

During the First World War , the city with its armaments factories (including German arms and ammunition factories ) and its train station was the target of 14 air raids with a total of 168 dead and 344 injured. During the heaviest attack on June 22, 1916, around 40 bombs hit the area at Ettlinger Tor, where a performance by the Hagenbeck circus was taking place. 120 people, including 71 children, were killed.

After the November Revolution of 1918, Karlsruhe lost its function as a residence and became the capital of the Free State of Baden . In addition, as in the times of the monarchy, Karlsruhe was the seat of the regional commissioner district of Karlsruhe .

The 21st German Fire Brigade Day took place in Karlsruhe from August 3 to 8, 1932 . It was the last one before Nazi rule and World War II.

During the Second World War lost Karlsruhe in political importance, as the unofficially the Greater German Reich Affiliate Alsace with Baden to Gau Baden-Alsace , the planned Reichsgau Upper Rhine combined and the political center of Strasbourg was moved. In the Wagner-Bürckel-Aktion , the Jews still living in the area of ​​this Reichsgau were deported to the Camp de Gurs camp . Likewise, the families of the Sinti and Roma , who mainly lived in the “ Dörfle ”, were deported to Auschwitz from the police headquarters on the market square via Hohenasperg in May 1940 .

Between 1940 and 1945, 135 air and artillery attacks by the Allies on Karlsruhe are documented, including 13 major attacks with more than 100 bombers. At least 12,000 tons of high explosive and incendiary bombs were dropped over the city. 1,754 people died and 3,508 were injured. Karlsruhe was, depending on the calculation basis, 24 to 38% destroyed. On April 4, 1945, the French 1st Army occupied the city after little resistance.

After the war, Karlsruhe was added to the American occupation zone and the state of Württemberg-Baden , and since the creation of the state of Baden-Württemberg in 1952, Karlsruhe has belonged to it.

In the Federal Republic of Germany, Karlsruhe became the “residence of law”: in 1950 the Federal Court of Justice began its work there. The Federal Constitutional Court followed on September 28, 1951 . The first president was the FDP politician Hermann Höpker-Aschoff . From 1952 to 1972 Karlsruhe was the seat of the administrative district of North Baden , since January 1, 1973 it has been the seat of the administrative district of Karlsruhe .

The Federal Horticultural Show in 1967 took place in Karlsruhe. On this occasion, the city ​​garden, zoo and palace park were, in some cases, significantly redesigned and adapted to the leisure needs of the citizens.

In 1969, the city of Karlsruhe was awarded the European Prize awarded for their outstanding efforts to European integration thoughts.

In 1972 the city began to set up pedestrian zones on Kaiserstraße . The current state of a continuous pedestrian zone from Kronen- to Europaplatz was achieved in 1984.

On January 1, 1972 Hohenwettersbach and Stupferich were incorporated. Wolfartsweier joined on January 1, 1973. Grötzingen, Grünwettersbach and Palmbach followed on January 1, 1975. The municipality of Neureut was the last to be incorporated on February 14, 1975, despite fierce resistance from the residents there, following a decision by the State Court . Colloquially, people still speak of “compulsory” incorporation or “compulsory incorporation”.

On April 7, 1977, Federal Prosecutor General Siegfried Buback was murdered on the way to work, together with his driver and a judicial officer, by terrorists from the Red Army Faction .

On January 12 and 13, 1980, the federal party Die Grünen was founded in the congress center.

Germany's first real e-mails were received and sent on August 2, 1984 in the computer center of Karlsruhe University: The Karlsruhe internet pioneer Werner Zorn answered the official welcome message from the US American CSNET , a manufacturer-independent platform for electronic communication by scientists.

From July 20 to 30, 1989, the third alternative World Games took place in Karlsruhe , an international competition for athletes whose sports are not represented in the Olympic program. 1965 athletes took part in 19 disciplines.

Baden-Airport GmbH was founded on June 13, 1995. In Rheinmünster-Söllingen, 30 km to the south-west, the company expanded a former Canadian military airfield to the Karlsruhe / Baden-Baden airport , thereby connecting Karlsruhe to the international air traffic network.

21st century

2003 in neighboring Rhein Stettener district Forchheim the Karlsruhe Exhibition Center opened to the alignment of national and international trade fairs and exhibitions.

On September 7, 2005, the ECE shopping center Ettlinger Tor opened its doors after around two years of construction, the largest inner-city shopping center in southwest Germany. Around four years earlier, on September 27, 2001, the first inner-city shopping center in Karlsruhe was opened in the former main post office on Europaplatz with the Postgalerie .

On May 25, 2009, the city received the title “ Place of Diversity ” awarded by the federal government . On January 21, 2010, Prime Minister Günther Oettinger , State Secretary Rainer Bomba and the Lord Mayor of Karlsruhe Heinz Fenrich broke ground for the construction of the tram tunnel on Europaplatz as part of the combined solution , which is supposed to relieve the main shopping street from rail traffic.

In the second quarter of 2014, the population of Karlsruhe exceeded 300,000 for the first time.

In 2015, the city held a summer festival called KA300 to celebrate the city's 300th birthday . The Schlosslichtspiele Karlsruhe , which took place for the first time on the city's birthday, has now established itself as an annual event.

population

According to the figures from the Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office, Karlsruhe is the second largest city in Baden-Württemberg with 308,436 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2020) behind Stuttgart and ahead of Mannheim and ranks 21st among the largest German cities . The city's population register recorded 308,326 eligible residents in September 2019, including 304,248 with primary residence .

Population development

Population growth from 1871 to 2017

From its foundation to around 1810, the residential city of Karlsruhe had fewer than 10,000 inhabitants. By 1850, the then capital of the Grand Duchy of Baden had around 25,000 inhabitants. With industrialization in the second half of the 19th century, the population grew faster. In 1901, Karlsruhe became a major city when it exceeded the limit of 100,000 inhabitants . By 1939 the population increased to around 190,000, to which several incorporations between 1907 and 1938 contributed. The Second World War brought a major turning point. As a result of evacuation, flight, deportations and air raids, the population temporarily fell to around 60,000 in April 1945. Just two months later it was back over 100,000 and in 1950 the number had increased to around 200,000. By 1975 it grew to an intermediate high of 280,000, also through further incorporations in the early 1970s. It fell slightly until the late 1980s and was corrected in the course of the 1987 census by a further 8,000 people to 260,000. By 2005 the population rose again by 25,000 people. On December 31, 2018, the "official population" for Karlsruhe, according to an update by the Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office, reached a historic high of 313,092 (only main residences and after comparison with the other state offices). The proportion of migrants as of December 31, 2014 was 18.2%.

The population development has been shaped for a long time by the birth deficits of the German residents. Although Karlsruhe recorded sustained migration losses to the surrounding cities and municipalities, migration gains have also been made by immigrant and German citizens in recent years. The most important countries of origin are Turkey (6079), Italy (4267), Romania (3083), Poland (2606), Croatia (2223), France (1770), Russia (1732), China (1442), Spain (1239), Ukraine (1169), Bosnia-Herzegovina (1072) as well as Serbia-Montenegro (1067) and Greece (976). 18,805 non-Germans (41.1%) are from one of the 26 EU member states (as of 2012). 29,411 German citizens have a migration background.

19,770 and thus 43.2% of the 42,850 migrants in Karlsruhe have been living in the city for at least eight years; 4,820 were born in Karlsruhe.

labour market

As of March 31, 2011, 160,031 employees subject to social security contributions had their place of work in Karlsruhe. More than 80% of them work in the service sector and 19% in the manufacturing sector. In 2010, around 91,500 of the people employed in Karlsruhe were commuters . 96,912 people living in Karlsruhe were employed subject to social security contributions, including 30,585 out-commuters. In December 2011, 7,855 Karlsruhe residents were registered as unemployed. The unemployment rate was thus 5.3%, compared with the national average of 6.6%. In a comparison of the independent cities in Germany, Karlsruhe has a low level of youth and old age unemployment .

religion

The Christ Church at the Mühlburger Tor

In 1556 the Lutheran Reformation was introduced in the margraviate of Baden-Durlach . When the Margraves of Baden-Durlach founded, Karlsruhe was Protestant. In order to settle the area around his new castle Carols Ruhe , city founder Karl Wilhelm created a number of incentives for new residents in his letter of privilege of September 24, 1715. In the first place, freedom of religion was mentioned . The first Catholics and Jews soon moved here. In 1771, Karl Friedrich von Baden-Durlach inherited the possessions of the now extinct line of Baden-Baden , which had remained Catholic, and, like Karl Wilhelm, promoted religious tolerance. In this tradition, the Garden of Religions was created in 2015.

Denomination statistics

Up until 1987 there were more Protestants than Catholics in Karlsruhe. According to the results of the census on May 9, 2011 , 92,054 residents of Karlsruhe belonged to the Catholic Church, 86,753 residents were Protestant, 110,365 residents were assigned to the categories "Other", "Not belonging to any Austrian religious society" or "No information" . According to a calculation from the census figures for people with a migration background, the proportion of Muslims in Karlsruhe in 2011 was 5.6 percent (around 16,300 people). At the end of 2017, the proportion of Catholics was 28.6%, that of Protestants 26.0%. 45.4% of the residents were non-denominational or belonged to a third denomination or religion. From 1970 to 2017 this share increased by more than 37 percentage points and since 2000 by more than 15 percentage points. In 2020, the proportion of Catholics was 27.0%, the proportion of Protestants was 24.6% and 48.5% of the residents were non-denominational or belonged to a third denomination or religion. According to the Protestant Church in Karlsruhe, there were 70,000 church members in Karlsruhe at the beginning of 2021 (around 22.4% of a total population of 312,000).

Catholic Church

At the beginning of the 19th century, the Roman Catholic Christians in the city received their own church, St. Stephen's Church , consecrated in 1814. The Roman Catholic parishioners belong to the city ​​dean of Karlsruhe within the Middle Upper Rhine-Pforzheim region of the Archdiocese of Freiburg . Karlsruhe is the seat of the regional office, to which the deaneries Baden-Baden , Bruchsal , Karlsruhe , Pforzheim and Rastatt belong. In 1992, the 91st German Catholic Day took place in Karlsruhe under the motto "A new city arises". Services to traditional and Taizé - liturgy be celebrated.

Evangelical regional church

Karlsruhe is the seat of the Evangelical Church in Baden . The regional bishop also resides here. Unless they are members of a free church, the Protestant parishioners belong to the parish “Karlsruhe and Durlach” within the parish of North Baden . The deanery for the church district is also located in Karlsruhe, but the deanery for the church district Karlsruhe-Land, to which the Neureut district also belongs, is in Bruchsal. The partially independent Evangelical Community Association (AB) was founded in Durlach and had its headquarters in Karlsruhe until the 21st century.

Association of Evangelical Free Churches

The following churches represented in Karlsruhe are full or guest members of the Association of Evangelical Free Churches : An Adventist congregation , an Apostolic Community , an Evangelical Free Church congregation ( Baptists ), Free Evangelical congregation , six congregations of the Evangelical Methodist Church , an Evangelical Anabaptist congregation in Durlach and one Mennonites - and a Salvation Army community . The Bund Freikirchlicher Pentecostal congregations is represented by seven congregations ( Agape congregation including the Ethiopian subsidiary congregation , Alive Church, Christian congregation Jesus for all nations, Free Christian congregation, Gospelhouse Karlsruhe, International Christian congregation Karlsruhe and Meeting Point Life).

Other Christian communities

The Christ Cathedral of the Missionary Work Path to Joy

In Karlsruhe there are other free church congregations, including two brother congregations , the old Catholic congregation "Christ Resurrection", the Christian Association of Young People , a congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Baden and congregations of the New Apostolic Church . Of the numerous charismatic and Pentecostal churches in the Network Forum Leben: Christian Center Karlsruhe, Mosaik Gemeinde Karlsruhe and Fabrik88. There is also the Free Pentecostal Church Mission in Karlsruhe , the City- Congregation , icf Karlsruhe and a Congregation of God . In addition, there are various foreign-language groups, such as a Latin American evangelical group, an Anglican and three Orthodox congregations: a Greek Orthodox, a Romanian Orthodox and a Serbian Orthodox.

Other groups with a Christian connection include: the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) with a church in Southwest City, Christian Science , the Christian Community , Jehovah's Witnesses, and an " early Christian community " (universal life).

Judaism

Mayor Mentrup at the 2016 Hanukkah celebration

Karlsruhe is the seat of the Jewish religious community in Baden , a synagogue , a Chabad rabbi and several Jewish cemeteries .

Before the Shoah there was a large Jewish community. Personalities such as the Talmud scholar Nathanael Weil , the politician Moritz Ellstätter and the doctor Rahel Straus came from Karlsruhe. The Karlsruhe synagogues were built by leading Karlsruhe architects, in 1806 by Friedrich Weinbrenner and the successor in 1871 by Josef Durm . There was also an Orthodox synagogue by Gustav Ziegler and a parish hall by Curjel & Moser . In 1933, according to the census of June 16, there were 3,358 citizens of the Jewish faith in Karlsruhe and today's districts.

The synagogues were destroyed in the November pogroms in 1938, and 893 Jews were deported from the city to Camp de Gurs in southern France during the Wagner-Bürckel campaign in the summer of 1940 . In 1988 the city archives compiled a memorial list for the more than 1000 murdered. With the help of voluntary sponsors, it is supplemented by biographies on the memorial book for the Karlsruhe Jews .

In 1971 a new synagogue was inaugurated on Knielinger Allee, and in 2006 the Jewish community again had 830 members.

Islam

There are ten prayer rooms and a German-speaking Muslim group in the city for Muslims living in Karlsruhe .

Other religious communities

There is also a Baha'i community, centers for Kadampa , for Diamond Way , for Vipassana and for Zen Buddhism, a city group of Eckankarn and a Sathya Sai center.

Cityscape and landmarks

The Karlsruhe fan from the castle tower
The castle tower in the castle garden , recreation area in the city center

As a relatively young city, the core city of Karlsruhe lacks the medieval alleys of many other major German cities. The city north of the present imperial road was in the years after the city was founded in 1715 planned created. In the center is the tower of the Karlsruhe Palace with the palace garden and palace square . The botanical garden is located in the palace garden. The circle , together with Ahaweg etc., circles the castle with the castle square and garden. Historically, other civil buildings were only allowed to be erected south of the circle. Strict guidelines were given for the development, especially with regard to the height of the building, in order to make the overall impression of the city more uniform. The buildings near the castle are from more recent times and belong to the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology on the east side and to the Federal Constitutional Court on the west side . The Schwedenpalais was built for the margravial Privy Councilor Georg Ernst Ludwig von Preuschen von und zu Liebenstein in 1768/70 by Johann Friedrich Weyhing (1716–1781).

Outside the circle, 32 streets or avenues run straight away from the castle tower like the rays of the sun embodied by the castle. This number corresponds exactly to the compass rose. Even the first development was concentrated on the south side of the palace, so that the city center looks less like the sun than a fan open to the south . Today the Badisches Landesmuseum is housed in the castle .

Parish Church of St. Stephan

In the first half of the 19th century, the classicist architect Friedrich Weinbrenner shaped the image of the city spreading south across Kaiserstraße. Many of his works can still be found in the city center of Karlsruhe today. The market square with the Protestant town church (1807–1815) and town hall (1821–1825) on the north-south central axis developed into the Via Triumphalis is one of the most striking classicist plazas in Europe (largely reconstructed after being destroyed in the war from 1950). Also noteworthy is the parish church of St. Stephan , which was built between 1808 and 1814 and is not only one of Weinbrenner's main works, but also one of the most important classicist domed buildings in southern Germany.

New building on the Dammerstock

From the second half of the 19th century, the urban growth due to industrialization gave rise to new districts such as Südstadt and Südweststadt , whose street grid no longer followed the fan-shaped floor plan. In 1911, the cooperative construction of the Garden City of Karlsruhe began in the Rüppurr district . It is one of the oldest German garden cities on the basis of shared house and land ownership. In 1928 the city of Karlsruhe announced a competition for the development of the city's own southern part of the Dammerstock site near Rüppurr, with the stipulation that the site should be built by mid-1929. The first prize went to the design by Walter Gropius , who had recently given up the management of the Bauhaus. The plan envisaged a row construction in order to be able to use the daylight equally well for all residents. Due to the global economic crisis in 1929, only the first construction phase with 228 apartments was completed. Nevertheless, the settlement is one of the most important testimonies to the art of New Building in Germany. The Karlsruhe-born architect Otto Bartning built the Markuskirche in his hometown in 1935, the Franz-Rohde-Haus in 1938 and one of his emergency churches , the Friedenskirche, in 1949 .

The cityscape of Karlsruhe changed already before, but especially after the Second World War. After 1945, many vacant lots were filled with concrete purpose-built structures. New districts such as Waldstadt and Oberreut emerged from the 1950s on the model of the car-friendly city . The Kriegsstraße was expanded into a multi-lane expressway through the city center, while the Kaiserstraße was gradually converted into a pedestrian zone in the 1970s and 1980s. In the course of the renovation of the village, also known as the old town , in the 1970s, there was a change from the large-scale demolition of the small houses to preservation in accordance with listed buildings. After the withdrawal of American and French troops in the 1990s, urban design was characterized by the use of fallow and conversion areas. New residential areas close to the city center could be created, such as the Südstadt-Ost on the area of ​​the former freight station and repair shop and the Nordstadt on the site of the former American settlement.

The center for art and media

In the south-west of the city , on the site of the former weapons factory, there is a large cinema complex, the new building for the Employment Agency, the Federal Prosecutor's Office and, in the ammunition factory building itself, the ZKM (Center for Art and Media) , the HfG (University of Design) and the Karlsruhe City Gallery been housed. With the opening of a large, covered shopping center at Ettlinger Tor in autumn 2005, the shopping area , which until then had been concentrated almost exclusively on Kaiserstraße, was extended to the south.

politics

The town hall on the market square

Mayor and Lord Mayor

After the castle was founded in 1715, a settlement was built near it, in which a mayor was appointed from 1718. From 1812 the mayors received the title of Lord Mayor . Acting Lord Mayor has been Frank Mentrup ( SPD ) since March 1, 2013 , who was elected in the first ballot on December 2, 2012 with 55.26 percent to succeed Heinz Fenrich ( CDU ), who has been incumbent since 1998 . For the first time in 42 years, the Lord Mayor of Karlsruhe is no longer provided by the CDU. On December 6, 2020, Mentrup was re-elected Lord Mayor in the first ballot with 52.6 percent of the vote. The mayor's term of office is eight years.

There are also five other mayors:

Area of ​​responsibility Current mayor Political party comment
Human Resources, Elections and Statistics, Citizen Service and Security, Culture Albert kauflein CDU
Youth and social affairs, schools, sports, pools Martin Lenz SPD
Finance, economy and work, city marketing, congresses, exhibitions and events, tourism, supply and ports, real estate and market affairs Gabriele Luczak-Schwarz CDU at the same time, as first mayor, permanent representative of the mayor
Environment and climate protection, health, cemetery office, waste management, forestry, fire and disaster control Bettina Lisbach Green
Planning, building, real estate management, people's apartment and zoo Daniel Fluhrer non-party SPD candidate

Municipal council

Distribution of seats in the
Karlsruhe municipal council in 2019
          
A total of 48 seats

The municipal council has 48 seats and is directly elected for a five-year term. In addition, the mayor is the chairman of the municipal council with voting rights. According to Baden-Württemberg's local electoral law, voters have the option of accumulating and spreading . Local councils are elected in seven localities .

The 2019 local elections led to the following result (in brackets: difference to 2014):

City council election 2019
Party / voter group voices Seats
GREEN 30.1% (+10.2) 15 (+6)
CDU 18.7% (−8.0) 9 (−4)
SPD 14.3% (−7.6) 7 (−3)
FDP 7.3% (+1.2) 4 (+1)
AfD 7.1% (+1.5) 3 (± 0)
THE LEFT. 7.0% (+1.9) 3 (+1)
Karlsruhe List (KAL) 5.0% (+0.8) 2 (± 0)
The party 4.6% (+3.5) 2 (+1)
Free voters (FW; previously FW-BÜKA) 3.2% (+0.5) 2 (+1)
FOR Karlsruhe (FOR KA; previously: GfK) 2.7% (−0.5) 1 (−1)
Turnout: 58.7% (+13.5)

coat of arms

DEU Karlsruhe COA.svg
City logo

The coat of arms of the city of Karlsruhe shows on a red background a golden sloping bar framed in silver on both sides, on which the word FIDELITAS is written in black Latin capital letters. The city flag is red-yellow-red.

The color of the coat of arms is a reversal of the Baden state coat of arms , which shows a golden shield with a red sloping bar. The city's founder, Karl Wilhelm von Baden, proposed the coat of arms and recommended that the motto of the house order Fidelitas ( loyalty ), founded on the day the city was founded , be included. But this motto was only used in the city's seal from 1733 onwards. The color scheme proposed by the margrave has only been in use since 1887; before that, the color scheme of the national coat of arms was used.

Town twinning

The Nancy Fountain at the Zoological Garden

Karlsruhe maintains a city ​​partnership with the following cities :

The Karlsruhe city partnerships since
Blason Nancy 54.png Nancy FranceFrance France 1955
  Nottingham United KingdomUnited Kingdom United Kingdom 1969
Coat of arms of Halle (Saale) .svg Halle (Saale) GermanyGermany Germany , then GDR 1987
ROU TM Timisoara CoA.svg Timisoara RomaniaRomania Romania 1992
Coat of Arms of Krasnodar (Krasnodar krai) .png Krasnodar RussiaRussia Russia 1998

City finances

In 2009, Karlsruhe's income amounted to EUR 893.86 million. The expenditures in the same year amounted to 902.75 million euros. One of the city's most important sources of income is business tax. In 2009 they received 228.9 million euros. At the end of 2008, Karlsruhe had a debt of 159,884,000 euros, of which 22,264,000 euros had to be repaid. No new debt was taken out.

Since 2017, the assessment rate for property tax A and property tax B has been a uniform 470%. The assessment rate for trade tax has been 430% since 2015. In addition, a dog tax of 120 euros per dog and year and an entertainment tax of 50 to 400 euros per device and month are levied.

Federal and state politics

The city of Karlsruhe is included in the Karlsruhe-Stadt constituency . The CDU politician Ingo Wellenreuther is the directly elected member of the Bundestag .

At the state political level, Karlsruhe is divided into the constituencies of Karlsruhe I and II . In the former, Ute Leidig ( Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen ) is the owner of this direct mandate. She took over this on February 1, 2019 from Bettina Lisbach, who became mayor for the environment and climate protection of the city of Karlsruhe. The Green Alexander Salomon won the direct mandate in the electoral district of Karlsruhe II in 2016.

Economy and Infrastructure

In 2016, Karlsruhe generated a gross domestic product (GDP) of € 19.505 billion. The city took 19th place in the ranking of German cities according to economic output . The share in the economic output of Baden-Württemberg was 4.1%. In the same year, GDP per capita was € 63,147 (Baden-Württemberg: € 43,632, Germany € 38,180) and thus well above the regional and national average. In 2016, the city's economic output recorded nominal growth of 3.3%. In 2016 there were around 235,500 gainfully employed people in the city. The unemployment rate in September 2020 was 4.5% and thus slightly below the average for Baden-Württemberg at 4.6% and well below the nationwide unemployment rate, which was 6.2%.

Karlsruhe is a member of the regional action group for the Karlsruhe Technology Region . In 2009, Karlsruhe achieved sixth place in the INSM ranking of the most successful cities in Germany. In an evaluation of the inter-regional cooperation network of the fifth EU framework research program, Karlsruhe was represented in the top group of the most active industrial research regions in 2009 as the only region without significant participation by major companies.

In the Future Atlas 2016 , the city of Karlsruhe was ranked 46th out of 402 districts and cities in Germany, making it one of the places with "high future opportunities". In the 2019 edition, it was ranked 23rd out of 401.

traffic

Road traffic

The southern bypass as B 10 between Entenfang and Kühler Krug
Road (left) and railway bridge over the Rhine near Maxau

Karlsruhe can be reached via three motorways and several federal highways . The European roads E 35 ( Amsterdam - Rome ) and E 52 ( Strasbourg - Salzburg ) run over the motorway network here.

The A 5 ( Frankfurt am Main - Basel ) runs through the eastern part of the city as a European north-south axis . It has the five connection points Karlsruhe-Nord, Karlsruhe-Durlach, Karlsruhe-Mitte, Ettlingen and Karlsruhe-Süd near Karlsruhe . At the Karlsruhe motorway triangle , the A 8 branches off to the east in the direction of Stuttgart ; its junction at Karlsbad is located in the Karlsruhe districts of Palmbach and Stupferich . On the Rhineland-Palatinate side of the Rhine, the A 65 runs in an arc via Landau and Neustadt on the Weinstrasse northwards to Ludwigshafen . Only after the state border at Lauterbourg in northern Alsace does the French A 35 begin in a south-westerly direction to Strasbourg with a branch to Paris and Mulhouse .

A 5 Frankfurt am Main  - Darmstadt  - Heidelberg  - Karlsruhe  - Freiburg im Breisgau  - Basel
A 8 Karlsruhe  - Pforzheim  - Stuttgart  - Ulm  - Augsburg  - Munich  - Salzburg

Three federal highways cross Karlsruhe. In a north-south direction, the B 3 runs from Heidelberg to Freiburg on the eastern edge of the Rhine Plain and the B 36 from Mannheim to Lahr along the towns near the Rhine . The B 10 from Stuttgart to Wörth crosses the urban area in an east-west direction before it merges into the A 65 on the other side of the Rhine near Wörth. To the west there is a connection to Saarland via other sections of the B 10 and A 8 . In the neighboring town of Pfinztal in Karlsruhe , the B 293 branches off from the B 10 to Bretten and Heilbronn as a diagonal in the A 5 / A 8 / A 81 / A 6 motorway rectangle.

B 3 Hanover  - Kassel  - Frankfurt am Main  - Darmstadt  - Heidelberg  - Karlsruhe  - Freiburg im Breisgau
B 10 Wörth  - Karlsruhe  - Pforzheim  - Stuttgart  - Ulm  - Augsburg
B 36 Mannheim  - Karlsruhe  - Kehl  - Lahr

The southern bypass has an important function as a feeder road . It also creates the east-west connection from the A 5 / A 8 to the A 65. It begins at the eastern Karlsruhe district Wolfartsweier first as B 3, then performs a highway-like -developed county road west, has at junction Karlsruhe-Mitte connection to A 5 and leads from the exit "cooler jug" as B 10 next to the Rhine. There the Südtangente or B 10 with the Rhine Bridge Maxau is the only Karlsruhe road connection across the Rhine. Plans for the north bypass as a further east-west connection and a second Rhine bridge for road traffic are under discussion .

Since January 1st, 2009 there is an environmental zone in Karlsruhe . It encompasses the city districts downtown east and west, Südstadt, Südweststadt and parts of Mühlburg and Oststadt. Since 2012 only vehicles with a yellow or green sticker have been allowed to enter the area; since January 1, 2013, a green sticker has been required.

According to a study by the Federal CarSharing Association, Karlsruhe had 2.71 car sharing cars per 1000 inhabitants in 2017, by far the best developed car sharing offer of all German cities with more than 50,000 inhabitants.

railroad

The Karlsruhe main train station

Since the construction of the Baden Main Railway from Mannheim in the 1840s and the Rhine Valley Railway to Basel , Karlsruhe has developed into an important railway junction . The Karlsruhe Train Station is a stop on the European high-speed network and is one of the 21 stations of the highest price category  1 of DB Station & Service . There are direct connections with the German ICE and some French TGV train pairs to Berlin , Hamburg , Cologne , Munich , Amsterdam , Marseille , Paris and Zurich as well as to Frankfurt Airport . There are direct Nightjet connections to Berlin and Hamburg.

TGV in Karlsruhe main station

The Rheintalbahn Mannheim – Basel and the Badische Rheinbahn from Mannheim to Rastatt (formerly to Haguenau ) are two of the busiest railway lines in Germany. As the northern main feeder to the Gotthard Base Tunnel, the Rhine Valley route to Basel will be expanded to include four tracks. In east-west long-distance traffic, the main thoroughfare for Europe ( TEN 17) from Paris to Bratislava via Karlsruhe is being expanded into a high-speed line. The Karlsruhe – Mühlacker railway towards Stuttgart and the Winden – Karlsruhe railway also run in an east-west direction . The private Albtalbahn as well as many regional rail and overland tram services are served by light rail vehicles, see the section on local public transport .

The long-distance trains stop at the main station, some also at Karlsruhe-Durlach station . Both stations were relocated in 1913 and 1911 respectively. In particular, the location of the first Karlsruhe train station, built in 1843, on the ground floor on the edge of the city center, hampered both rail operations and the development of the city. It was therefore rebuilt in an elevated position south of the city ​​garden , 1.7 km from the market square. The old station hall was initially used as a market hall, and the Badisches Staatstheater has stood there since 1975 . In 2008, Karlsruhe Central Station received the Train Station of the Year award. The arrival and departure points for national and international long-distance buses are on the southern side of the main train station, opposite the forecourt.

Karlsruhe is the location of one of seven operating centers of Deutsche Bahn and a traction current converter plant . The Karlsruhe repair shop was in operation until 1997 . The freight yard near the city center was shut down until 1996, some functions such as a container terminal can now be found on the site of the otherwise largely shut down marshalling yard . Further tracks for freight traffic can be found in Karlsruhe-West. Most of the numerous sidings were also closed. Only to the Rhine port , the refinery and the paper factory are there still goods traffic within Karlsruhe.

Transportation

Two-system light rail in Karlsruhe main station ...
... and in the pedestrian zone Kaiserstraße , the main shopping street in Karlsruhe

In local public transport , the city center can be reached from most parts of the city with one of the seven tram lines or one of the light rail lines without having to change trains; In the outskirts, the offer is rounded off with buses. In addition to three single-system light rail lines, eight other dual-system light rail lines also lead to the surrounding area. At system changeover points, the dual-system trams switch between 750 V direct current of the tram network and 15 kV alternating current of the rail network of Deutsche Bahn AG (DB) (→  Stadtbahn Karlsruhe ). These " tram-trains " invented here have increased the number of passengers in local rail transport in the Karlsruhe region significantly since 1992, which on the one hand aroused the interest of other transport companies in the " Karlsruhe model ". For example, the number of passengers on the Karlsruhe – Bretten route rose by 560% after the tram went into operation. On the other hand, however, capacity bottlenecks are noticeable in the city center due to the bundling of the lines.

Six tram and light rail lines run on just one track in each direction through the Kaiserstraße pedestrian zone . An extensive urban development project, the combined solution , aims to ease the situation in the city center within a decade: First, in the urban railway tunnel project section, rails will be laid under Kaiserstraße from Durlacher Tor in the east to Mühlburger Tor in the west, and as a southern branch with a level triangle from Market square to the congress center under Karl-Friedrich- or Ettlinger Straße. In addition, the main artery for road traffic, which has already been partially lowered, is being converted into a car tunnel to the east of Mendelssohnplatz in the War Street project part. Then a new railway line will be laid on the Kriegsstrasse tunnel to Karlstor. As the last part of the project, the pedestrian zone between Kronenplatz and Europaplatz and southwards from Marktplatz is to be free of trams.

The combination solution is not without controversy. In 2002, the city was able to get the majority of the population behind it in the second attempt with 56% (voter turnout: 74%) after the previous project was rejected in a referendum in 1996 with 67%, with a voter turnout of 45%. The project is still being discussed in the city. A new petition for citizens reached the required number of signatures at the end of 2009, but it failed on the judicial process. The construction of the tram tunnel therefore began in spring 2010. The initial cost estimate of € 500 million was forecast in 2013 at just under € 870 million. Unlike the initial estimate, this is not the pure construction costs, but the extrapolated (also indexed for the first time) production costs, which include which include financing costs. In this respect, the numbers are not comparable.

The inner-city tram and bus lines as well as the S 2 light rail line are operated by Verkehrsbetriebe Karlsruhe (VBK). Most of the tram lines to the surrounding area run for the Albtal-Verkehrs-Gesellschaft (AVG).

Furthermore, Karlsruhe is the end point of the S 3 line of the Rhein-Neckar S-Bahn from Germersheim via Heidelberg , Mannheim and Bruchsal , which is operated by DB Regio . Similar vehicles to this one, namely the ET 425 , will also run the routes via Graben-Neudorf to Mannheim in advance of the S-Bahn and to Stuttgart. Diesel vehicles drive to the Palatinate in the direction of Landau and Neustadt. Regional Express trains with double-decker coaches go to Stuttgart and via Offenburg and the Black Forest Railway to Constance .

All public transport can be used at uniform tariffs of the Karlsruhe Transport Association (KVV).

Also worth mentioning from a tourist point of view are the Schlossgartenbahn Karlsruhe , which runs a circuit in the castle park on Sundays and public holidays in the summer months, and the Turmbergbahn on Durlacher Turmberg, a lookout point.

bicycle

City route south : Sophienstrasse at the bend in the route into Waldstrasse

With its location in the flat Rhine plain, Karlsruhe offers good conditions for cycling. Karl Drais from Karlsruhe invented the forerunner of today's bicycle with the walking machine . Karlsruhe is a founding member of the working group for bicycle-friendly municipalities in Baden-Württemberg (AGFK-BW) and was one of the first three cities in Baden-Württemberg to receive the state award “ bicycle-friendly municipality ” in 2011 due to its success in promoting bicycles .

In 2002, cycling in the city of Karlsruhe made up 16% of total traffic and 18% of domestic traffic. In October 2005 the local council passed a 20-point program to promote cycling in order to make Karlsruhe much more bike-friendly. The aim was to increase the share of cycling in the modal split to 21% by 2012 and to 23% by 2015. According to the latest mobility study, the share of bicycles was 25% in 2012 and 27% in domestic traffic. Accordingly, in 2013 the target was extended to 30% in 2020. The objectives of the 20-point program for road safety and bicycle parking have also been adjusted by the unanimous decision of the planning committee.

To bypass the pedestrian zone in Kaiserstraße , which is closed to cyclists during shop opening times, the city routes north and south were set up , some of which, like other streets in the cycle route network , have been designated as cycle roads . In numerous road redesigns, four-lane roads were previously improved by means of cycle lanes or protective lanes and separate turning lanes for cyclists. In many places, the conflict with right-turners was defused by cycle lanes on the left of the right-turn lanes. The cycle route network is mostly provided with bicycle signposts . So far, only 33% of the one-way streets have been opened for bicycle traffic in the opposite direction. In addition to numerous bicycle parking spaces in the city center, in densely populated residential areas and at schools, two bicycle parking garages were built at the main station .

In Karlsruhe, there was an offer from DB Rent for the Call a Bike Flex bike rental system in the expanded inner city area until 2013 , which was financially supported by the city. In 2014 this system was replaced by the fan wheel , which was operated in cooperation with nextbike . In 2019 it became KVV.nextbike with the Karlsruher Verkehrsverbund as the client and spreading to the surrounding area.

Karlsruhe was recognized by the ADFC as the most bicycle-friendly city in Germany in 2018 and 2020, in the class of cities between 200,000 and 500,000 inhabitants.

shipping

The Rhine port seen from space

With the Rhine ports of Karlsruhe , the city has - after Mannheim - the second most important inland port in Baden-Württemberg. In 2017, the port was in 6th place among German inland ports with a cargo turnover of 7.27 million tons (according to the figures from the Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office). On the German side, it is the southernmost lock-free access to the North Sea across the Rhine .

The six basins of the Rhine port, also known as the city harbor, extend like a finger to over three kilometers from the river into the city. A gate in the access basin has been protecting the port area, where numerous companies are based, from flooding since 1987. Almost eight kilometers down the Rhine from the city port is the oil port where the Karlsruhe refinery ships its finished and semi-finished products. The oil port has the greater share in the cargo handling of the Karlsruhe Rhine ports.

The excursion ship MS Karlsruhe starts from the Rhine harbor on tours to Strasbourg, Speyer and other round trips.

Karlsruhe engineers, in particular Johann Gottfried Tulla , planned the straightening of the Upper Rhine in the 19th century . Plans made in the early 19th century to build a ship canal from the Rhine to the city several kilometers away were not implemented. Leopoldshafen , ten kilometers to the north, was given this name (after Grand Duke Leopold ) in 1833 after the port there had started regular shipping also for Karlsruhe. As 1862 maxau railway Karlsruhe opened to the Palatinate, the city built the harbor Maxau on the Rhine bridge . It did not meet the requirements of the transport sector and is now used as a marina. In 1901, today's Rheinhafen, planned by Max Honsell , went into operation, which was later expanded several times. In 1909 the Rhine was expanded to such an extent that reliable shipping was possible. The oil port opened in 1963.

Because the hydraulic engineering laboratory of the then technical university was available in Karlsruhe, today's Federal Institute for Hydraulic Engineering (BAW) was located in the city after the Second World War and continues to have its headquarters here.

Air traffic

Approach to the airport Karlsruhe / Baden-Baden from the southwest. Karlsruhe on the horizon.

Large parts of the upper airspace in Germany are monitored by the Karlsruhe control center of the German Air Traffic Control (DFS). It has the radio call sign Rhein Radar and is one of four DFS control centers in Germany. Over 450 air traffic controllers are employed in Karlsruhe. The radio navigation in air traffic is used by the rotating radio beacon with the name Karlsruhe DVOR / DME and the identifier KRH , which is located east of the city limits near Wöschbach .

The city of Karlsruhe has a stake in Karlsruhe / Baden-Baden Airport , the second largest airport in Baden-Württemberg with around one million passengers annually. It is located in Rheinmünster - Söllingen , about 40 kilometers by road from Karlsruhe, and serves as a base for the low-cost airline Ryanair , among others . Larger international airports in the area are Frankfurt am Main Airport, around 130 kilometers away, and Stuttgart Airport (around 80 km). Strasbourg Airport is around 100 km away .

Before the First World War, the parade ground in the north-west of the city served as Karlsruhe's first airfield and anchorage for airships . From 1924 it was expanded to serve as an airfield for scheduled services. After the Second World War, the American armed forces confiscated the area near the city and used it as a military airfield with little intensity until 1993. Today it is a nature reserve. In 1957, Karlsruher Flughafen GmbH started operating the Karlsruhe-Forchheim airfield in the neighboring Rheinstetten district of Forchheim , approx. 8 km south of Karlsruhe. It was given up in 2000 as part of the rededication of the Canadian military airfield in Söllingen as a regional airport. The Karlsruhe Exhibition Center was built on the Forchheim site by 2003 . Business and tourist air traffic has been relocated to Karlsruhe / Baden-Baden Airport. In Forchheim, the “Rheinstetten glider airfield”, which opened in 2004, remained near the former airfield site.

Drinking water supply

The extraction, treatment and distribution of the drinking water is carried out by the Stadtwerke Karlsruhe . The drinking water for Karlsruhe is obtained exclusively from groundwater . Under the city there are four layers of gravel and sand that carry groundwater and extend to a depth of over a hundred meters. At the moment, only the top two layers are used to produce drinking water. In this way, future generations will also have sufficient water reserves.

Four waterworks treat 25 million m³ of raw water annually (Durlacher Wald , Hardtwald , Mörscher Wald and Rheinwald ). The Mörscher Wald waterworks is currently (2021) being completely rebuilt. To treat the raw water, only iron removal and manganese removal are carried out. There are a total of 64 wells, the five water protection areas have a total area of ​​183 km². In addition to the urban area of ​​Karlsruhe, some surrounding communities and the Albgau water supply association are also supplied. The high-altitude districts of Hohenwettersbach , Grünwettersbach , Palmbach and Stupferich receive their drinking water from the "Association for the water supply of the hill country between Alb and Pfinz". World iconWorld iconWorld iconWorld icon

After treatment, the drinking water is fed into the 913 km long pipeline network. With a total hardness of 3.25 mmol / l (18.2 ° dH), the water falls into the "hard" range.

The gross consumption price is 2.51 euros per cubic meter.

Sanitation

The city of Karlsruhe is responsible for discharging and cleaning the wastewater. The 1,100-kilometer canal system conveys the wastewater to the central sewage treatment plant . 57% are built as a mixed sewer system, the rest as a separation system . The maximum flow distance is 11 kilometers, the longest flow time is 11 hours. 52 pumping stations convey wastewater from deeper drainage areas where the natural gradient to bodies of water or collecting canals does not exist or is too small. World icon

The plant was put into operation as early as 1913. Until after the Second World War, wastewater was only treated mechanically using rakes . At the beginning of the 1950s, sand traps, settling basins and drying beds were added, and the activated sludge process has been used since 1977 .

Today 64,000 m³ of wastewater is cleaned every day (up to 340,000 m³ when it rains) and discharged into the Rhine. The sewage treatment plant has an expansion size of 875,000 population equivalents . The sewage sludge produced is dried and then incinerated together with the fat traps and screenings in a separate incinerator with a fluidized bed furnace . A previous digestion of the sewage sludge with sewage gas generation does not take place - unlike in many other plants of this size. The waste heat from the furnace is used to generate electricity and to dry the sludge. The ash produced (10 m³ / day) is used as an aggregate for backfilling in mines.

Local businesses

EnBW's Rheinhafen steam power plant. Two chimneys, 233 and 230 m high, are the tallest structures in Karlsruhe.

With the dm drugstore , the largest drugstore group in Germany has its headquarters in Karlsruhe. The EnBW , an international energy company, has its headquarters in Karlsruhe and operates here the Rhine port steam power plant . The MiRO mineral oil refinery in Knielingen is the second largest oil refinery in Germany. It is the destination of two crude oil pipelines , the South European Pipeline (SEPL) from Fos-sur-Mer (France) and the Transalpine Oil Pipeline from Trieste (Italy). The company Cronimet , a dealer in steel scrap and alloying elements, has its headquarters in Karlsruhe's Rheinhafen. Siemens has one of its largest and oldest locations in Germany in Karlsruhe and, with 4,500 employees, is the city's largest private employer.

The United Internet AG, known under the brands 1 & 1, Web.de and GMX, operates Europe's largest data center in Karlsruhe. Around 40% of all German websites are administered in Karlsruhe. The Frankfurt IT service provider Fiducia & GAD IT AG has a location in Karlsruhe and is one of the largest private employers in the region. Around 2,500 Internet and telecommunications companies have sprung up in the vicinity of the university.

Other important employers come from the banking and insurance sectors. Karlsruhe is one of the headquarters of the Landesbank Baden-Württemberg as well as the headquarters of the L-Bank (Landeskreditbank Baden-Württemberg - Förderbank), the supra-regional cooperative bank BBBank , the Deutsche Bausparkasse Badenia and the BGV / Badische Versicherungen . Regional banks are the Sparkasse Karlsruhe , the Volksbank Karlsruhe and the PSD Bank Karlsruhe-Neustadt .

The
Karlsruhe State Mint designed by Weinbrenner

The State Mint of Karlsruhe is one of the five state mints in which the German euro coins are minted. Coins from Karlsruhe bear the letter of origin "G". The Karlsruhe Mint was founded in 1827 and has been operating under the name Staatliche Münzen Baden-Württemberg since 1998 together with the Stuttgart mint .

The French tire manufacturer Michelin has its German headquarters and a tire factory in Karlsruhe and publishes the German edition of the Michelin Hotel and Restaurant Guide here . Rosenbauer Karlsruhe manufactures turntable ladders and aerial rescue platforms for fire brigades. The Stadtwerke Karlsruhe is a major supplier to the local electricity, water and district heating supply and operate the west power plant in Mühlburg. Stora Enso produces magazine paper at its Maxau mill on the Rhine . In Durlach, the manufacturer of medicinal products made from herbal raw materials, Dr. Willmar Schwabe his headquarters. The cosmetics manufacturer L'Oréal operates its only German plant in Karlsruhe, which is also the company's largest production facility outside of France. Even physics instruments and the logistics service provider Simon Hegele are headquartered in Karlsruhe. In 1948 one of the leading German manufacturers of professional microphones, Schalltechnik Dr.-Ing. Schoeps GmbH and has its headquarters and production facility there to this day. The sanitary ware wholesaler Pfeiffer & May was founded in Karlsruhe in 1906 and, with a turnover of over 680 million euros in the 2017 financial year, is one of the most important wholesalers in the industry.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Karlsruhe was the third largest brewery location in Germany after Munich and Dortmund. Today's industrial breweries are the Hoepfner private brewery and the Hatz-Moninger brewery . Vogelbräu , founded in 1985, is a pioneer among home breweries in southern Germany.

Commercial centers

The Siemens industrial park in Karlsruhe emerged from the location of Siemens AG in 1997. The space on offer is aimed in particular at companies in the high-tech and service sectors. In the east of the city there is the technology factory start-up center in a former sewing machine factory and the newly built technology park . Numerous start- ups (often university spin-offs) are offered a first home here.

Event centers

Karlsruhe Exhibition Center

To the south of Karlsruhe, in Rheinstetten , directly on the B 36 , the Karlsruhe Messe- und Kongress-GmbH opened its new exhibition center, the Karlsruhe Exhibition Center, in November 2003 . Exhibitions, trade fairs and other events can be held in the four halls, each 12,500 m² in size. Events with up to 14,000 visitors take place in the dm-arena . The gross exhibition area is approx. 52,000 m². The exhibition sparked the downtown Karlsruhe Convention Center from the largest Convention Center, the Karlsruhe region to over 20,000 square meters of exhibition space in four halls and the 10,000 square meter fairground features. The congress center includes the town hall with event rooms for 4,000 people, the Black Forest Hall, the concert hall and the garden hall.

The Europahalle , opened in 1983, is a large sports hall that was also used for concerts and events with up to 9,000 visitors. Since summer 2014 it has been closed to major events for fire protection reasons. As a replacement, the DM arena received additional stands and sports facilities. The Badnerlandhalle Neureut, built in 1977, is a smaller multi-purpose hall with 1,200 seats.

At the measuring station at the Durlacher Allee major fairs take Spring Mess ' and autumn Mess' and large flea markets and circus performances.

media

radio

The Karlsruhe studio of Südwestrundfunk (SWR) is located on Kriegsstrasse . The regional program Badenradio is broadcast from here on SWR4 Baden-Württemberg . In addition, the Karlsruhe studio of the radio station Radio RPR (Rhineland-Palatinate Broadcasting), which is editorially responsible for the northern Baden and southern Palatinate region, is located at Kriegsstrasse 130 . As a private local provider broadcasts Die neue Welle (until December 31, 2006 Hit1 - the reporter radio ), which was still licensed as Hitradio RTL by the State Office for Communication Baden-Württemberg . However, in mid-2003, RTL withdrew. Originally, the broadcaster Welle Fidelitas was the license holder. Apart from the commercial and public broadcasters, there is also a free radio , the transverse radio , which broadcasts its programs in the afternoons, evenings and on weekends. In the mornings and in the early evening hours, the LernRadio of the University of Music Karlsruhe and the campus radio of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology alternate on the FM 104.8 MHz frequency , and on Mondays the radio station Radio Fri and transverse radio alternate. The private broadcaster Radio Regenbogen also operates a studio in Karlsruhe.

TV

The SWR studio in Karlsruhe on Kriegsstrasse is the seat of two television editorial offices. The ARD television editorial office Law and Justice produces the ARD law advice for Das Erste and reports ARD-wide on legal issues such as the decisions of the local supreme courts. The Mittelbaden TV editor of the SWR produces reports from the region for SWR TV and ARD in Karlsruhe . As the city ​​closest to Baden-Baden as a film production location , Karlsruhe is a regular location for filming by SWR, including the Tatort episodes set in Constance, Ludwigshafen and Stuttgart .

Regional private television stations in Karlsruhe are BW Family.tv (since February 2006) and Baden TV (since May 2011). R.TV (2003–2011) and B.TV Baden (1995–2004) are no longer on the air .

newspaper

The Badische Neuesten Nachrichten (BNN) is the only daily newspaper that is published as a print medium in Karlsruhe. It has a sold circulation of 105,174 copies and appears with nine local editions in the districts of Karlsruhe , Rastatt , Ortenau and Enz district as well as in the urban districts of Baden-Baden and Pforzheim .

There are also some free weekly newspapers : The BNN publisher also publishes the Sunday newspaper Der Sonntag and is involved in the Karlsruher Kurier , which is accompanied by the city ​​newspaper Karlsruhe , the official journal of the city of Karlsruhe, which can also be accessed online via the city's homepage. The weekly paper is distributed in the city and region on Wednesdays . Inka , Klappe auf and RaumK are free news magazines with an emphasis on cultural events.

Internet

Place name sign in August 2009 on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of Germany's first email

Karlsruhe plays an important role in the development of the Internet in Germany. Germany's first e-mails were received at the University of Karlsruhe in 1984 and all German domains were administered from 1994 to 1998 . The first Internet connection to the People's Republic of China was also established from Karlsruhe . As a result of a study of active users, web offers and the internet climate, Karlsruhe was named as the "internet capital of Germany" in 2003. On May 6, 2014, a public, freely accessible WLAN was put into operation in Karlsruhe . This enables citizens and tourists to use the Internet wirelessly with a WLAN-enabled device free of charge and for an unlimited period of time after registering.

Since the BNN long time possessed offer online does not have, the regional news portal could regardless of this ka-news .com establish. This has been published since 2000, making it one of the first regional online daily newspapers in Germany. The Stadtwiki Karlsruhe , founded in 2004, was named in a list that ran until 2009 as the largest city wiki in the world.

The online magazine meinKA , a city portal for Karlsruhe and the region , has also been available since 2019 .

City magazine

In addition to the newspapers, there are various free city ​​magazines such as Klappe auf , INKA Stadtmagazin or FRIZZ Das Magazin . These can be found monthly in many display locations in the city of Karlsruhe and contain event information as well as local topics of all kinds.

Educational media offers

Karlsruhe is one of the two locations of the Baden-Württemberg State Media Center , which is subordinate to the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of Culture, Youth and Sport . The other location is Stuttgart.

The non-profit association Stadtjugendausschuss e. V. operated Internet café for children and young people Info-Line at Kronenplatz 1 serves children and young people as a research and communication space with the help of an educational staff. Other media facilities of the City Youth Committee e. V. are located in the Jubez media workshop and in many of the association's children's and youth houses.

courts

The judges' building of the Federal Constitutional Court in the Karlsruhe palace district
The Hereditary Grand Ducal Palace , headquarters of the Federal Court of Justice

With the Federal Constitutional Court and the Federal Court of Justice , Karlsruhe is the seat of a constitutional body and the supreme court of justice . The concentration of the judiciary is taken up in advertising slogans such as “Residence of the Law” or “ Capital of Culture 2010 - rightly”. In popular expressions such as “go to Karlsruhe” or “Karlsruhe has cashed the law”, the name of the city becomes a synonym for the highest courts.

The Federal Constitutional Court had its first official seat from 1951 in the Prinz-Max-Palais . In 1969 it moved into the modern pavilion building, which the architect Paul Baumgarten built on the site of the theater on Schlossplatz that burned out during World War II . The headquarters of the Federal Court of Justice has been the Hereditary Grand Ducal Palace on the southern edge of the western inner city since 1950 , on the site of which several new buildings for the court were also built.

Furthermore, there is one in the ordinary courts Court of Appeal (with Attorney General's Office ) and a land and two district courts ( Karlsruhe and Karlsruhe-Durlach ). There is also an administrative court , a labor court and a social court in Karlsruhe. The army maintained until 1 September 2012 in Karlsruhe two chambers of the troop service court south , which is headquartered in Munich has.

Authorities

The seat of the Attorney General in the south-west of the city
The highest skyscraper in Karlsruhe houses the German Pension Insurance Baden-Württemberg

Karlsruhe is the seat of various federal, state and district authorities. Some have their origins in the time of Karlsruhe as the capital of Baden, numerous others were settled here to compensate for the loss of the capital city function after the Second World War.

The Federal Public Prosecutor at the Federal Court of Justice has had his own building in Brauerstrasse since 1999. Previously, it was based on the grounds of the Federal Court of Justice.

The Court of Baden-Württemberg , based in Karlsruhe Weststadt is equated as a supreme state ministries. The Oberfinanzdirektion Karlsruhe was founded in 1826 as the tax office of the Grand Duchy of Baden and has been the only central tax administration authority in Baden-Württemberg since 2005 . The Landesoberkasse Baden-Württemberg, which is also located here, reports to it, the central state and court treasury with an average monetary turnover of around 1.2 billion euros per booking day. The two tax offices of Karlsruhe-Stadt and Karlsruhe-Durlach share responsibility for the city of Karlsruhe in tax matters. Karlsruhe-Durlach also looks after parts of the Karlsruhe district.

The municipal examination institute Baden-Württemberg , the municipal supply association Baden-Württemberg and the state institute for the environment Baden-Württemberg are institutions or corporations under public law that are subject to ministerial supervision and have their headquarters in Karlsruhe. There is also an employment agency as well as a forestry directorate and a main customs office . The Karlsruhe correctional facility in Weststadt serves as a pre-trial detention center for male prisoners. The Karlsruhe Police Headquarters is responsible for the city and district of Karlsruhe. The Federal Police Inspectorate in Karlsruhe guarantees the protection of the Federal Constitutional Court and acts as a railway police force. The Karlsruhe District Armed Forces Replacement Office was closed at the end of November 2012 as part of the Bundeswehr reform.

The regional council of Karlsruhe is responsible as an intermediate authority for the administrative district of Karlsruhe , in some areas also for the entire federal state. It operates the state reception center for refugees , also located in Karlsruhe , which until 2014 was the only reception center in Baden-Württemberg for asylum seekers and other refugees with a capacity of around 1000 people. As the seat of the Middle Upper Rhine region and the district of Karlsruhe , to which the city itself does not belong, Karlsruhe also houses their administrations.

Karlsruhe has been the seat of the federal and state pension institutions since 1952 . The Deutsche Rentenversicherung Baden-Württemberg has its seat in the city as well as a location of the social insurance for agriculture, forestry and horticulture (SVLFG), as well as district administrations of the professional association for the construction industry and the professional association for health service and welfare . The municipal association for youth and social affairs in Baden-Württemberg with a branch in Karlsruhe replaced the state welfare association of Baden in 2005 .

The local branch of the Deutsche Bundesbank is located in Südendstrasse .

Healthcare

Buildings of the Karlsruhe Municipal Clinic

The Städtische Klinikum Karlsruhe, founded in 1907 in the north-west of the city, is the largest hospital in the Middle Upper Rhine region with 1,400 beds and over 4,000 employees. A private clinic for cardiac surgery with 89 beds, which belongs to the Helios-Kliniken group , has been adjacent to it since 1995 . The St. Vincentius clinics have around 800 beds and the Diakonissenkrankenhaus Karlsruhe-Rüppurr around 500 beds.

The Paracelsus Clinic in Durlach had 157 beds and was closed at the end of February 2018.

The rescue helicopter Christoph 43 of the DRF Luftrettung is stationed at the St. Vincentius clinics . The air rescue center in Karlsruhe has existed since 1975.

Education and Research

South campus of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, view from the physics tower
Gottesaue Castle, seat of the University of Music
State Academy of Fine Arts

The seven public and two private universities in Karlsruhe had around 41,800 students in the 2013/2014 winter semester. The main focus of study lies in the natural sciences, technical and artistic subjects. With numerous research institutions located here, Karlsruhe has a high density of researchers. With the theme of the challenge of democracy , Karlsruhe was one of the ten German cities that carried the title of meeting point for science in the 2009 Science Year. In 2012, Karlsruhe was awarded the title City of Young Researchers, jointly awarded by the Körber Foundation , the Robert Bosch Foundation and the Deutsche Telekom Foundation , and won the title City of Science 2013 as one of ten cities . Karlsruhe continues to be a "Corporate Supporting Member" of the Max Planck Society.

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)

The Karlsruhe Institute of Technology is a university in the state of Baden-Württemberg and a national research center in the Helmholtz Association . It has approximately 25,000 students and 9,400 employees. KIT is the largest research center in Germany and the largest employer in Karlsruhe. It was formed on October 1st, 2009 as a merger of the University of Karlsruhe and the Research Center Karlsruhe. The previous cooperation between the two institutions has thus become a single entity, a single legal entity. KIT enjoys a high reputation in subjects such as physics, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, civil engineering, industrial engineering, computer science and information technology. The physicist Heinrich Hertz discovered the existence of electromagnetic waves during his professorship in Karlsruhe. Ferdinand Braun , inventor of the cathode ray tube and Nobel laureate in physics, held a professorship in Karlsruhe from 1883 to 1887. The chemist and Nobel laureate Fritz Haber developed the ammonia synthesis during his time as a professor at the Technical University , Ferdinand Redtenbacher established the scientific basis of mechanical engineering here. Karlsruhe University had Germany's first computer science faculty and was one of the first three universities in Germany to be awarded the title of Elite University in 2006 as part of the Excellence Initiative , which it held until 2012.

Other universities

  • Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (HKA), founded in 1878 as the Grand Ducal Badische Baugewerkeschule , later State Technical College, from 1971 University of Applied Sciences and since 2005 University of Karlsruhe (until 2021 with the addition of "Technology and Economics"). With around 8,200 students (as of 2013/2014) it is the second largest university in the city.
  • Karlsruhe University of Education , founded in 1958 from the former teacher training institute (1942–1952) and teacher training college (1936–1942), which goes back to the school seminar founded in Karlsruhe in 1768. University statutes since 1965 and academic university since 1971. Around 3900 students (as of 2013/2014).
  • The Karlsruhe Regional Center of the Distance University in Hagen , which has been in the city center since 2013, offers part-time distance learning courses. It is a member of the Baden-Württemberg training network. Around 4,500 students in the region are assigned to it.
  • The Baden-Wuerttemberg Cooperative State University Karlsruhe was founded in 1979 as a vocational academy . The approximately 3000 students (as of 2013/2014) from the fields of business and technology are trained by the DHBW together with numerous partner companies in the region.
  • State Academy of Fine Arts Karlsruhe , founded in 1854 as a painters' academy by the Prince Regent, later Grand Duke Friedrich I, and expanded in 1869 by a school of applied arts. The two schools merged in 1926 under the name Badische Landeskunstschule . Well-known professors included Hans Thoma , Georg Baselitz and Markus Lüpertz .
  • State University of Design Karlsruhe (HfG), founded in 1992 in connection with the Center for Art and Media (ZKM). The focus is on media art, design, scenography, art studies and media philosophy.
  • The Karlsruhe University of Music goes back to the singing establishment founded in 1812. In 1837 a music education institute was founded, which was merged with the municipal conservatory in 1910. This resulted in the Badische Hochschule für Musik in 1920, which the state of Baden-Württemberg took over in 1971 and has been running as the Hochschule für Musik ever since . It has had its headquarters in Schloss Gottesaue since 1989 . The composer Wolfgang Rihm is one of the professors working there .
  • Karlshochschule International University , state-recognized private business school with an intercultural profile and over 500 students.
  • EC Europa Campus , private university with 250 students (as of 2013/2014) in the study center in Karlsruhe.

General and vocational schools

In Karlsruhe there are 20 primary schools, 12 special education and advice centers and 12 secondary schools as well as 11 general high schools, 3 vocational high schools and 5 independent high schools.

Today's Lessing-Gymnasium was founded in 1893 as the first girls ’s grammar school in what is now Germany. The European School Karlsruhe , which opened in 1962, is one of 14 European Schools that guarantee that children of parents who work in EU institutions are taught in their own mother tongue. The Goethe-Gymnasium , which opened in 1908, is the only school in Karlsruhe that offers a bilingual English train. The Carlo Schmid School in Karlsruhe is a state-recognized vocational school independently sponsored by the International Federation .

Further education and training

The Volkshochschule Karlsruhe, founded in 1947, is one of the largest adult education centers in Baden with 3700 events annually (as of 2006) and over 36,000 customers . The VHS Karlsruhe is also the sponsor of the evening schools in Karlsruhe for catching up on school leaving certificates and the Karlsruhe Youth Art School.

The Baden-Württemberg Leadership Academy, headquartered in the Schwedenpalais in Karlsruhe, offers an educational program for executives from the public sector. It was founded in 1986 as a management academy for the state of Baden-Württemberg and made independent as an institution under public law in 2001.

Karlsruhe is home to three state seminars for didactics and teacher training at vocational schools, grammar schools and secondary schools as well as a pedagogical specialist seminar with departments for music-technical teachers and special education.

One of the ten Bundeswehr technical schools in Germany is located in the south of the Karlsruhe forest city . With the suspension of compulsory military service, the former civil service school at the main train station became the Karlsruhe Education Center in 2011 , the largest of 17 such institutions in Germany that prepare for federal voluntary service .

Research centers and institutes

Federal Research Institute for Nutrition and Food (Max Rubner Institute)

The name of Karlsruhe is associated with high-ranking institutions that are located in the former (core) research center Karlsruhe , which is located in the Hardtwald near Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , and is now the North Campus of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. The Institute for Transuranium Elements (JRC-ITU), founded in 1957, is a research institute of the European Commission specializing in the fields of nuclear safety and security. The Karlsruhe reprocessing plant was in operation from 1971 to 1990 and is also being dismantled, as are several research reactors on the site.

With the Fraunhofer Institute for Optronics, System Technology and Image Evaluation (IOSB) and the Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI), two institutions of the Fraunhofer Society and the ANKA Synchrotron Radiation Research Laboratory, a member of the Helmholtz Association, have their headquarters in Karlsruhe. In addition, the Max Rubner Institute, a federal agency of the Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture, resides in the city. IT research and industry play an important role in the Karlsruhe technology region . Part of this is also the Computer Science Research Center , which was founded out of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. Other research institutions based in the fan-shaped city are:

Archives

General State Archive Karlsruhe

The General State Archives Karlsruhe was founded in 1803 as the main archive of the State of Baden. Today in Baden-Württemberg it has the task of securing the official archives of bygone eras for the administrative district of Karlsruhe. These are court files, documents from the state authorities, documents, archives from monasteries and orders of knights, church files and the like. In addition, many aristocratic and private archives are kept.

The South West German Archive for Architecture and Civil Engineering (saai) preserves and researches architecture documents from South West Germany. The establishment of the state of Baden-Württemberg at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, which was founded in 1989, is located on the KIT premises in the east of the city center.

The Karlsruhe City Archives have been archiving documents that are important to the history of the city since 1885 . It researches the history of Karlsruhe and publishes media about the city and its history. Other public archives are the district archive of the district of Karlsruhe, which has existed since 1992, and the regional church archive of the Evangelical Church in Baden.

Libraries

The academic and public libraries in Karlsruhe contain over six million books and other media.

The Badische Landesbibliothek is a scientific universal library with a holdings of over 2.8 million media. As a regional library, it is responsible for the administrative districts of Freiburg and Karlsruhe and exercises the right to deposit copies . It has its origins in the Margravian-Badischer Hofbibliothek, founded around 1500 as the Pforzheimer Schlossbibliothek . Since 1987 it has been housed in a new building planned by Oswald Mathias Ungers on Erbprinzenstrasse. The collections include numerous historical manuscripts from the holdings of the aristocracy and monasteries in the country, including, since 2001, the Donaueschingen Nibelung manuscript C and the Donaueschingen Wigalois manuscript (Cod. Don. 71).

The KIT library (library of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) is the largest of the Karlsruhe university libraries. It emerged at the end of 2009 from the Karlsruhe University Library, which was founded in 1840 as the library of what was then the Polytechnic, and the library of the Karlsruhe Research Center. The library has a total of over two million books and 28,000 magazines as well as multimedia documents and microforms. The focus is on the fields of natural science, technology and economics. Registered users can use the KIT Library South around the clock and borrow and return books via a self-booking system. The KIT library operates the Karlsruhe Virtual Catalog , a meta search engine for German and international online library catalogs.

Since 2009, the KIT library has also been supplying the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences - Technology and Economics with the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences (FBH) library in Moltkestrasse. The university library in Karlsruhe, previously used jointly by the PH and Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, has since been geared towards the needs of the Karlsruhe University of Education. The joint library of the ZKM and the State University of Design has around 50,000 books with a focus on 20th century art. The libraries of the State Academy of Fine Arts, the University of Music and the Cooperative State University are primarily available to students.

The New Ständehaus , seat of the city library

The Karlsruhe City Library is the city's public library with a holdings of over 300,000 items. It was founded in 1921 and has been based in the rebuilt new Ständehaus since 1993 . The city library includes district libraries in Durlach, Grötzingen, Mühlburg, Neureut and Waldstadt. One of its branches is the American Library, which was created in 1996 as a gift from the withdrawn US garrison and has around 35,000 English-language books. The city library also operates a children's and youth library in the Prinz-Max-Palais and a media bus that travels to the outskirts of the city.

The art library of the Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe is one of the largest publicly accessible museum libraries in Germany with over 150,000 volumes.

The library of the Federal Constitutional Court with around 400,000 volumes is an in-court, not generally accessible scientific specialist library. The library of the Federal Court of Justice is also accessible to external users to a limited extent.

Culture

Culture awards

Some important cultural prizes are awarded in Karlsruhe or, in some cases, are deeply rooted in the city. The Bambi , which is Germany's oldest media prize, was launched in 1948 by the Karlsruhe publisher Karl Fritz and awarded in Karlsruhe between 1948–1964 and 1998. Other important prizes awarded include:

During the ARD Radio Play Days , which have been taking place annually at the Center for Art and Media since 2006 , the ARD German Radio Play Prize , the ARD Online Award , the Newcomer Prize Premiere on the Net , the German Children's Radio Play Prize and the Children's Radio Play Prize of the City of Karlsruhe are presented.

dialect

The Karlsruhe dialect is a mixture of the dialects of the surrounding regions that has emerged over the past three centuries . South Franconian influences can be felt from the north and east, Palatine influences from the north-west , Swabian influences from the south-east and Lower Alemannic influences from the south . The latter, however, have left the slightest trace in “Karlsruhe” .

Linguistically, the dialect of Karlsruhe belongs to the South Franconian dialects, colloquially the dialect is called Badisch or "Brigandedeutsch" .

A linguistic peculiarity is the "Karlsruhe accusative", which is characterized by the fact that the Karlsruhe people do not use it: "It doesn't make a good impression."

theatre

Baden State Theater

The Badisches Staatstheater Karlsruhe is a multi-branch theater that includes opera, ballet and drama as well as the Junge Staatstheater, founded in 2011 . It is sponsored by the state of Baden-Württemberg, the city of Karlsruhe pays half of the subsidy requirement. Since 1975 it has been housed in a new building at Ettlinger Tor with a large house (1000 places), a small house (350 places) and a studio (150 places, since 2011). The State Theater emerged from the Grand Ducal Court Theater, whose building on Schlossplatz was destroyed in an air raid in 1944. The theater Die Insel in Karlstrasse has been the venue of the State Theater since 1997, previously it was an independent private theater. The Karlsruhe Handel Festival takes place annually at the State Theater and the Karlsruhe European Culture Days are held every two years .

The Karlsruhe Theater Night takes place every year on the last Saturday of the summer vacation .

There are also several private, independent and amateur theaters in Karlsruhe:

  • Sandkorn-Theater , founded in 1956, in the Theaterhaus Karlsruhe
  • Jakobus-Theater, founded in 1972, in the Theaterhaus Karlsruhe
  • Puppet theater "marotte", founded in 1987, in the Karlsruhe theater
  • Chamber theater, founded in 1956
  • Theater "Die Käuze", basement theater founded in 1967
  • Theater in der Orgelfabrik e. V., founded in 1987
  • Theater "Die Spur", founded in 1961
  • Bluemix children's and youth theater e. V., founded in 1994, closed in 2004 after the city grant was redeployed
  • "Badisch Bühn", dialect theater with restaurant, founded in 1982
  • UniTheater Karlsruhe e. V., founded in 1990
  • Social Theater Werkraum: Karlsruhe e. V., founded in 2006
  • Puppet theater "One World Theater" at the old slaughterhouse
  • The Physics Theater at KIT, founded in 2002
  • The island theater was operated privately from 1950 to 1999.

movie theater

The film palace at the ZKM

The largest cinema in Karlsruhe is the Filmpalast at the ZKM . It has ten cinema halls with a total of almost 3000 seats. Karlsruhe's oldest cinema, the Schauburg film theater , shows not only current blockbusters, but also alternative films and original versions and organizes open-air cinema screenings at Schloss Gottesaue in the summer. In both houses, as in the Universum-City cinema on Europaplatz, a weekly sneak preview is on offer. The cinema Die Kurb , which had to close in 2010 after more than 50 years, reopened as a cinema cooperative in the same year, but had to close for good in August 2018. Connected to this was the municipal cinema Kinemathek Karlsruhe in Studio 3, which now exists independently and continues to show films. There are also regular demonstrations organized by the student cultural group AFK at the University of Karlsruhe.

Cultural centers

The youth and meeting center ( Jubez ) on Kronenplatz is run by the Stadtjugendausschuss e. V. operated. Concerts and other stage events as well as a wide range of workshops and courses are offered here. The Tollhaus cultural center offers a cultural program from the fields of music, dance, cabaret, circus, comedy and puppet theater that changes almost daily. Other cultural centers are the Tempel cultural center in Mühlburg, the Gotec cultural center, the Substage music club, and the KOHI-Kulturraum e. V. and the Durlach organ factory.

The working group for culture and communication (AKK) with the event location in the old stadium of the university and the student-organized culture and communication center Z10 are involved in student cultural life .

Cabaret

In addition to various cabaret events such. For example, in the Tollhaus cultural center or in the Sandkorn Theater, Karlsruhe also has a very active cabaret scene. Well-known artists in this scene include the chanteuse Annette Postel , the comedian Boris Meinzer , the singer and comedian Gunzi Heil , the comedy cabaret rastetter & wacker , the clown Schorsch , the cabaret group Die Spiegelfechter , the magician and pantomime Peter Herrmann, the humorist Pierre M. Krause and the dialect poet Harald Hurst . Members of the pyramidal cabaret club PKV since the 1990s, organizing annual acrobatics meetings and juggling conventions , including the European Juggling Convention EJC 2000 and 2008, the world's biggest juggling meetings.

music

Choirs

The Karlsruhe Bach Choir is the oldest and largest oratorio choir in the city of Karlsruhe. Specialized almost exclusively in oratorio works until 1996, the choir is now also at home in modern choral literature. Together with the CoroPiccolo, it belongs to the Protestant town church . The Schrillmänner - gay choir Karlsruhe is a German male choir of homosexuals. It was founded in 1988 with the aim of gay emancipation. Fetz Domino is a gospel choir with a band from Karlsruhe. His style is a mix of gospel, soul, pop and worship. The Karlsruhe Oratorio Choir at the Christ Church is one of the most traditional choirs in Karlsruhe. He dedicates himself to the whole range of classical and modern choral music. In addition to the oratorical literature, the choir also studies demanding a cappella works and is involved in the organization of festive cantata services at the Christ Church.

Other choirs are:

  • Cantus Solis
  • Cantus Juvenum Karlsruhe
  • the choir of the Protestant student community
  • the choir of the Catholic university community
  • the St. Stephan choir
  • the Durlacher Kantorei
  • the chamber choir Studio Vocale
  • the choir at the Luther Church (Oststadt)
  • the Karlsruhe Chamber Choir of the Helmholtz Gymnasium , 1985 first prize winner of the German Choir Competition.
  • the Unibigband Karlsruhe , the (Bigband of the University of Karlsruhe)
  • the university choir and chamber choir of the university
  • vocal resources - choir of the Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences
  • the vocal ensemble milagro and
  • the berufstatt choir

orchestra

The Badische Staatskapelle Karlsruhe is the concert and opera orchestra of the Badisches Staatstheater. Its origins go back to a court chapel of the margraves of Baden-Durlach mentioned in 1662. The Chamber Orchestra Ensemble 13 , which was founded in 1973 by Manfred Reichert, has performed in premieres of works by Wolfgang Rihm , Luigi Nono and Iannis Xenakis , among others . The Police Music Corps Karlsruhe , founded in 1981, is the largest police orchestra in Germany with over 70 musicians (as of 2012).

Other orchestras in Karlsruhe are:

  • the Academic Chamber Orchestra Karlsruhe
  • the BA Orchestra , Orchestra of the Karlsruhe University of Cooperative Education.
  • the Bartholdy Orchestra
  • the Collegium Bismarckianum (orchestra of former members of the chamber orchestra of the Bismarckgymnasium )
  • the Collegium Musicum (university orchestra )
  • the university and chamber orchestra of the University of Music
  • the Youth Orchestra of the City of Karlsruhe e. V.
  • the Air Force Music Corps 2
  • the Weiherfeld Chamber Orchestra
  • the Karlsruhe Chamber Philharmonic
  • the Seniorenorchester Karlsruhe e. V.
  • the symphony and chamber orchestra at the university and
  • the Waldstadt Chamber Orchestra
  • the early music ensemble Les Escapades

Rock, metal and pop scene

Karlsruhe has a lively live club scene with numerous performance opportunities. In 2002 an overarching initiative to promote pop music in Karlsruhe and the region was launched. The city and the initiative are partners in the Regionet project of the Popakademie Baden-Württemberg in Mannheim. The young band competition new.bands.festival has been held under various names for more than 25 years in cooperation with the organizers of Das Fest .

With the music club Substage, the old Hackerei, the NCO club and the city center, there are also stages on which artists and groups from the metal and hardcore scene regularly play. There is also the annual Knockdown Festival, a one-day indoor metal festival in the Black Forest Hall . From 2006 to 2018 there was also the New Noise Festival, most recently a decentralized, out and indoor hardcore festival.

Museums

State Art Hall

The Center for Art and Media (ZKM for short) was opened in Karlsruhe in 1997 and is the largest institution for media art in the world. It sees itself as a platform for the encounter between art, science, politics and business. In addition to research facilities, it includes the Media Museum and the Museum of New Art (MNK for short). The municipal gallery is also housed in the hall of the ZKM, a former ammunition factory . The ZKM was visited by 233,264 people in 2010.

The Baden State Museum in Karlsruhe Palace is the largest museum of culture, art and regional history in the Baden region of Baden-Württemberg. It was opened for the first time in 1921. Due to the destruction in the Second World War, it was rebuilt in 1953 and was accessible again 3 years later. It is often the site of special exhibitions, including major state exhibitions on a regular basis . A centerpiece of the collection, which includes cultural and historical exhibits from over 5000 years, is the “ Turkish booty ” of Margrave Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden-Baden . The State Museum had over 180,000 visitors in 2010.

The State Museum for Natural History Karlsruhe (SMNK for short) is a scientific research museum . Its origins lie in the margravial Baden collections of curiosities and natural objects that were set up in the middle of the 18th century. In addition to fossils, minerals and preparations from native and exotic animals, the permanent exhibitions also show live animals in the vivarium. It was visited by 162,545 people in 2010.

The Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe is a museum of fine arts and houses paintings by mainly German, French and Dutch masters from a total of eight centuries. The foundation of the collection consists of 205 mostly French and Dutch paintings from the 17th and 18th centuries, which Margravine Karoline Luise acquired between 1759 and 1776. In 2010 the State Art Gallery had 96,216 visitors.

The State Majolica Manufactory Karlsruhe is the only ceramic manufacture in Germany and was founded in 1901. The museum in the majolica manufactory offers an overview of the production of the grand-ducal, later state-owned manufacture.

In the Ständehaus , a “Ständehaus memorial site” reminds of its former use as a parliament .

The Badisches Schulmuseum Karlsruhe in the Palmbach Waldensian School shows school history from the last two hundred years.

Regular events

The Günther Klotz facility is a place of relaxation
The festival attracts tens of thousands of visitors to the Günther Klotz facility every year

Many events take place annually. In particular, “Das Fest” gained nationwide fame as it is one of the largest open-air events. Other notable festivals and performances are mentioned below.

  • End of January: AStA Uni-Winterfest
  • February / March: International Handel Festival , since 1985
  • Mardi Gras Sunday: Mardi Gras parade in Durlach
  • Mardi Gras Tuesday: Mardi Gras parade in Karlsruhe
  • April: Shrill in April , lesbian-gay cultural festival (1990 / 1991–2013)
  • May: Independent Days Filmfest, independent low- and no-budget film festival
  • May / June: Spring Mass , fair on the measuring site
  • May / June (at Pentecost): Hoepfner Castle Festival
  • May / June: Christopher Street Day
  • June: Tribute to Carl Benz. Classic car show on Schlossplatz with a parade of automobiles through the city center (rotation: every two years)
  • End of June: AStA university summer party, large open-air event
  • End of June: Science Festival Effects, since 2013 (every two years)
  • Last weekend in June: Car park festival, festival organized by student residences
  • Last full weekend in June: Harbor Festival
  • June / July: Linden blossom festival on Gutenbergplatz
  • First weekend in July: Durlach Old Town Festival
  • Mid / end of July: Das Fest , one of the major German open-air music festivals
  • End of June – beginning of August: Zeltival in the Tollhaus cultural center
  • July / August: open-air cinema at Gottesaue Castle
  • July: African Summer Festival
  • First Saturday in August: KAMUNA (Karlsruhe Museum Night ), since 1999
  • August / September: Festival of lights in the city ​​garden (every two years in August, uneven years)
  • Beginning of August – mid-September: Castle light shows
  • Beginning of September: Beer exchange on Schlossplatz, since 2002
  • Last Saturday in the summer holidays: theater night
  • September / October: Culture market on Kronenplatz
  • October: Pride Pictures in the Kinemathek
  • October / November: Herbstmess' , fair on the measuring site
  • November / December: Christmas market on the market square
  • December: Knock Out Festival , Heavy Metal Festival in the Europahalle and Schwarzwaldhalle

Personalities

Heinrich Hertz, the discoverer of electromagnetic waves

Honorary citizen

The city of Karlsruhe has granted honorary citizenship to 48 people since 1821 , but six people have been revoked. Among the honorary citizens of the city of Karlsruhe are Chancellor Otto von Bismarck and Federal President Heinrich Lübke .

sons and daughters of the town

Important personalities who were born in Karlsruhe are the inventors and pioneers of transport Karl Drais (1785–1851) and Carl Benz (* 1844 in Mühlburg). The first key typewriter and the draisine , an archetype of today's bicycle, came from Drais . Benz developed the first automobile with a combustion engine . The important architect of classicism Friedrich Weinbrenner was born in Karlsruhe, as was the writer Joseph Victor von Scheffel , author of the verse epic Der Trumpeter von Säckingen , and the painter Karl Hubbuch . Wolfgang Rihm , one of the most important contemporary composers, was born in Karlsruhe in 1952 and still lives there. The philosopher Peter Sloterdijk holds the chair for philosophy and aesthetics at the State University of Design in Karlsruhe, of which he was also rector. He comes from Karlsruhe, as does the choreographer Sasha Waltz , the director Maren Ade and the contemporary architect Ole Scheeren . Well-known athletes born here are the national soccer players Oliver Bierhoff , Oliver Kahn , Renate Lingor and Mehmet Scholl , the boxer Regina Halmich and the table tennis player Steffen Fetzner .

Personalities who worked in Karlsruhe

Those working in Karlsruhe include scientists and university lecturers such as the physicist Heinrich Hertz , the Nobel Prize winners Ferdinand Braun and Fritz Haber or the architect Egon Eiermann , artists who worked at the Baden court or the art academy such as Horst Antes , Georg Baselitz and Markus Lüpertz , the poet Johann Peter Hebel , Baden politicians like the father of the Baden constitution, Karl Friedrich Nebenius, or federal and constitutional judges like the later Federal President Roman Herzog .

Garrison town

Former American school

Even before joining the Rhine Confederation in 1806, the first barracks were built or furnished in Karlsruhe and billeting was suspended for peacetime. In 1803 the Dragoon barracks was built on the eastern Kaiserstraße , in 1804 the infantry barracks were built east of the Mühlburger Tor (today's Europaplatz), which was completed in 1827 and demolished in 1899. From 1818 the Gottesau Castle became an artillery barracks. A military hospital was set up as early as 1845. With the completion of the front building in Kaiserallee in 1843, the new Grenadier barracks began and was completed in 1898. The Königlich-Prussische Kadettenanstalt Karlsruhe was built in the extended Moltkestrasse in 1892. It was handed over to the state in 1919 and is now the seat of the regional tax office in Baden-Württemberg. The infantry barracks were built to the west of the cadet institution in 1895. The Telegraphen-Kaserne was built in Hertzstrasse from 1906–1907 and became the seat of the Technical University after 1945 until the old buildings on Kaiserstrasse were rebuilt. Karlsruhe belonged to the demilitarized zone until 1936, after which it immediately became a garrison town again. The Rhein barracks and the Mackensen barracks were rebuilt as early as 1937 .

From the end of World War II until 1995, Karlsruhe was a military base for the American armed forces. The stationing took place as part of the occupation and later the NATO mission of the United States Army . The barracks buildings are now used exclusively for civilian purposes. The apartment blocks in the northern part of the city ​​were renovated, added one floor and converted into rental or owner-occupied apartments. The 516th Sig Gp , the 29th Sig Bn , the 17th Sig Bn , and the 532nd FA Obsr Bn were stationed in it. The Neureuter barracks was the only barracks in Karlsruhe that was built by the Americans after the end of the Second World War. Since the end of the Second World War and until 1991, the 135eme Régiment du Train was stationed in Karlsruhe and was housed in the infantry barracks, which was renamed General Pagezy barracks by the French army at that time. A second location was the grenadier barracks on Kaiserallee.

After the establishment of the Bundeswehr , the first units moved into the Karlsruhe Dragoons barracks on February 27, 1957. Within the framework of NATO, units of the German armed forces took over tasks from the other NATO armed forces. On April 1, 1958, Unit K of the US Navy Rhine River Patrol was officially replaced by the German Army’s 791 River Pioneer Company. This was the first task assigned by the US Army to the German Armed Forces since the occupation. Further barracks were built by the Bundeswehr. So in the Rintheimer Querallee and in the Kirchfeldsiedlung. The villa, which was also used in Kantstrasse 1A by the two previously existing chambers of the Troop Service Court South, was handed over to the Federal Agency for Real Estate Tasks in 2012 .

Sports

Home game of the Karlsruher SC in the Wildpark Stadium
The Europahalle

The most important sports facilities in the city are the Wildparkstadion football stadium and the Europahalle sports hall , which has been of limited use since 2014 for fire protection reasons. Before its completion in 1983, the Black Forest Hall was the scene of major sporting events, such as the 1955 Wrestling World Championships . Since 2003, the DM arena at Messe Karlsruhe has been another venue.

In 1989 the World Games , the world games of non-Olympic sports, with 1965 participants in 19 sports took place in Karlsruhe. In 2008, Karlsruhe hosted the Special Olympics , Germany's largest sporting event for people with intellectual disabilities.

Alpine sports

One of the largest sports clubs in Karlsruhe is the Karlsruhe section of the German Alpine Club , with the DAV climbing center Karlsruhe (Art of Climbing) and several alpine huts. It was founded in 1870.

basketball

Currently the most successful basketball team in town are the PS Karlsruhe Lions , who have been playing in the ProA league since 2017, after having been promoted several times in a row , and in which they reached the playoffs in 2018. They play their home games in the Europahalle .

The basketball club BG Karlsruhe played in the 1st basketball league from 2003 to 2007  and then for several years in the ProA league.

Karlsruhe was one of the organizers of the 1985 European Basketball Championship .

Soccer

The city's most successful soccer club is Karlsruher SC , which played in the Bundesliga in 1963 . In the 2019/20 season he plays in the 2nd Bundesliga . The greatest successes were the German championship title of the predecessor club Phönix Karlsruhe in 1909, two DFB Cup victories in 1955 and 1956 and the triple participation in the UEFA Cup under coach Winfried Schäfer with reaching the semi-finals in 1993/94 . National players such as Oliver Kahn , Mehmet Scholl and Jens Nowotny began their professional careers at KSC . The club plays its home games in the Wildpark Stadium .

With the Karlsruher FV , German Champion 1910, there was a second, similarly important club in the early days of football, but after the Second World War it gradually disappeared into insignificance. The women's soccer team of ASV Karlsruhe-Hagsfeld played in the 2nd Bundesliga from the 2007/08 season to the 2009/10 season .

Cycling

The city of Karlsruhe has repeatedly celebrated its cycling tradition (see section on cycling ) by hosting major cycling events. In 1987 Karlsruhe was the starting point and in 2005 the destination of a Tour de France stage. The city was the starting point in 2004 and the destination in 2006 of the most important German stage road race, the Deutschland Tour . From 1996 to 2003, a couple time trial was held here every year with world-class cyclists. For cyclists, the Karlsruhe area offers both flat training routes and mountain routes in the nearby northern Black Forest .

athletics

Two important annual athletics events take place in Karlsruhe: The International Indoor Athletics Meeting, which was last known as the Indoor Meeting and took place in the Europahalle from 1985 to 2014. The international athletics meeting has been taking place in the Karlsruhe Exhibition Center (Hall 2) since 2015. The Baden Marathon , which has been held every September since 1983, is a large city marathon.

Boxing

Regina Halmich comes from Karlsruhe and was boxing world champion from 1995 to 2007. Former boxing world champions and Olympians Markus Bott and Sven Ottke started for Karlsruher SC. Other successful boxers of the club were Horst Rascher and Alexander Künzler .

Other sports

  • In the Grünwettersbach district, ASV Grünwettersbach has been playing in the table tennis Bundesliga since the 2015/16 season . The club also has a team in the 3rd Bundesliga South.
  • The tennis club TC Rüppurr in the south of the city had a long tradition of belonging to the men's tennis league until the women's team was promoted to the league in 2005 and they switched to promoting it. In the following years 2006 and 2007 the women were able to win the German championship title and in 2008, 2015, 2016 and 2018 the second place in the table was achieved.
  • The SSC Karlsruhe volleyball players have been playing in the second South Volleyball Bundesliga since 2017 .
  • The Karlsruhe rock 'n' roll club RRC Golden-Fifties Karlsruhe e. V. is one of the largest German rock 'n' roll clubs. The club's figureheads are the boogie formation “Boogie @ Motion” (world champion 2007, vice world champion 2005, German vice champion 2005 and 2006) and the rock 'n' roll formation “Gofi-Team” (German vice champion 2004 and vice world champion 2003 and 2004). In the past, the association organized several important international tournaments in the Europahalle in cooperation with the KMK.
  • The canoe racers of the Rheinbrüder Karlsruhe association achieved numerous German championship titles and several medals at world championships.
  • The TSV Grünwinkel 1862 e. V. is particularly successful in the Indiaca area and can record several championship titles as well as the organization of the beach indiaca tournament, which takes place once a year and is one of the largest in Germany.
  • The 1. AFC Badener Greifs was founded in 1982 in Eggenstein . 1986 to 1993 the team played in the 1st Bundesliga for American Football . In 1987 the German runner-up was won.
  • With Karlsruher SV , Karlsruhe has a club that plays in the 3rd rugby league.
  • Karlsruhe is the seat of the Reitinstitut von Neindorff , founded by Egon von Neindorff , one of the most important places of preservation and training in classical riding .
  • The SC 147 Karlsruhe was founded in 2004 and has been playing in the 2nd Bundesliga snooker since the 2006/07 season .
  • The PBC Karlsruhe was German pool team champion in 1989, 1991 and 1993 .
  • The TanzSportClub TSC Astoria Karlsruhe e. V. has a wheelchair dance group that is trained by Andrea Naumann, the German runner-up in wheelchair dance standard and Latin.
  • There is a large sport climbing scene in Karlsruhe . This is mainly thanks to the nearby sport climbing areas such as Battert , Murgtal , Südpfalz or Schriesheim. Two climbing halls enable training in winter too. In addition to The Rock , a privately operated hall at the Westbahnhof, the DAV section Karlsruhe has its climbing and section center in the Traugott-Bender-Sportpark in Waldstadt.
  • Karlsruhe is the birthplace of the modern variant of the Slavic game Gorodki with light throwing sticks made of robust plastic. There are two of the most modern playgrounds in the world here. In 2006 the Gorodki World Championship took place in Karlsruhe. Participating countries were Germany, Finland, Russia, Sweden, Ukraine and Belarus.
  • The RocKArollers are the Roller Derby Team of the SSC Karlsruhe . It was founded in 2010, has been a full member of the WFTDA since 2015 and has also played in the 3rd Bundesliga South since 2015.
  • The TackleTigers are the Karlsruhe Jugger Team. They were founded in 2013 and have since taken part in numerous tournaments and championships in Germany and Europe. Since 2015 there has been a second team - Die KuschelKitten - to give less experienced players the opportunity to gain gaming experience.
  • The KIT SC Engineers (until August 2013 Karlsruhe Engineers) are an American football team.

literature

  • Dorothea Wiktorin (Ed.): Atlas Karlsruhe - 300 years of city history in maps and pictures. Emons, Cologne 2014, ISBN 978-3-95451-413-7 .
  • City of Karlsruhe City Archives (Ed.): Karlsruhe. The city history. Badenia, Karlsruhe 1998, ISBN 3-7617-0353-8 .
  • Georg Patzer: Small history of the city of Karlsruhe . G. Braun, Karlsruhe 2014, ISBN 978-3-7650-8488-1 .
  • Hubert Doerrschuck, Herbert Meininger: Karlsruhe. City history and image documentation. G. Braun, Karlsruhe 1984, ISBN 3-7650-8041-1 .
  • Erich Keyser: Badisches Städtebuch. Kohlhammer , Stuttgart 1959 ( German city book. Handbook of urban history. , Volume IV 2).
  • Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): Regional district Karlsruhe. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1976 ( The state of Baden-Württemberg. Official description by districts and municipalities. , Volume V), ISBN 3-17-002542-2 .
  • LUBW State Institute for the Environment, Measurements and Nature Conservation Baden-Württemberg (Ed.): Naturführer Karlsruhe . Regional culture publishing house, Ubstadt-Weiher 2006. ISBN 978-3-89735-424-1 .
  • Horst F. Pampel : Karlsruhe - Between the lines of the chronicle. Karlsruhe undated (1988).
  • Horst F. Pampel: Karlsruhe - 275 years of perspectives, periods and personalities. Karlsruhe undated (1990).
  • David Depenau, Ernot Drücke: Karlsruhe then and now - comparative city views , Verlag Regionalkultur, Heidelberg and others. 2006, ISBN 3-89735-461-6 .
  • Heinz Schmitt (Ed.): Everyday life in Karlsruhe. The way of life in a city through three centuries . Badenia-Verlag, Karlsruhe 1990, ISBN 3-7617-0262-0 .

See also

Portal: Karlsruhe  - Overview of Wikipedia content on the topic of Karlsruhe

Web links

Commons : Karlsruhe  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Karlsruhe  - sources and full texts
Wiktionary: Karlsruhe  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations
Wikivoyage: Karlsruhe  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. Baden-Württemberg State Statistical Office - Population by nationality and gender on December 31, 2020 (CSV file) ( help on this ).
  2. ↑ Electoral Palatinate metropolis again second largest city in the country. In: SWR Aktuell. Retrieved April 8, 2021 .
  3. KIT is again an elite university. In: www.bnn.de. Badische Latest News , July 19, 2019, accessed on January 6, 2020 .
  4. EU Commission: Karlsruhe top in IT. In: Stadtzeitung Karlsruhe from May 23, 2014.
  5. Two German cities included in the network of UNESCO Creative Cities. In: unesco.de. UNESCO , October 31, 2019, accessed January 6, 2020 .
  6. ^ Karlsruhe. Creative Cities Network. UNESCO, accessed January 6, 2020 .
  7. ^ Karlsruhe - UNESCO City of Media Arts. City of Karlsruhe, accessed on January 6, 2020 .
  8. a b c City of Karlsruhe, Office for Urban Development, Statistics Office (Ed.): Statistisches Jahrbuch 2016 . Karlsruhe 2017, p. 9 ( karlsruhe.de [PDF; 6.0 MB ]).
  9. http://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatendeutschland/mittelwerte/temp_8110_fest_html.html?view=nasPublication&nn=16102 , German Weather Service , February 22, 2019
  10. http://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatendeutschland/mittelwerte/sonne_8110_fest_html.html?view=nasPublication&nn=16102 , German Weather Service , February 22, 2019
  11. http://pflanzenklima.ch/klima_de_hitzetage_1981-2010.html , http://pflanzenklima.ch/klima_de_sommertage_1981-2010.html , https://www.dwd.de/DE/service/lexikon/begriffe/S/Sommertage_nummer_bild .jpg? __ blob = poster & v = 4
  12. http://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatendeutschland/mittelwerte/frosttage_8110_fest_html.html?view=nasPublication&nn=16102 , http://www.dwd.de/DE/leistungen/klimadatendeutschland/mittelwerte/eistage_8110_fest_html.html ? view = nasPublication & nn = 16102
  13. https://www.wetterdienst.de/Klima/Wetterrekorde/Deutschland/Temperature/
  14. ^ Climate Karlsruhe (Baden) - Weather Service , German Weather Service, on wetterdienst.de
  15. The International Climate Index - Climate Table Germany. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on July 18, 2011 ; Retrieved August 29, 2011 .
  16. Climate table of Karlsruhe. Retrieved March 27, 2013 .
  17. Protected area statistics from the State Agency for the Environment (LUBW)
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