Otto Bartning

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Otto Bartning, before 1920

Otto Bartning (born April 12, 1883 in Karlsruhe ; † February 20, 1959 in Darmstadt ) was a German architect and architectural theorist who was best known for his church buildings. Most of the existing buildings based on Bartning's plans are now under monument protection .

Life

Otto Bartning was the youngest of five children of the Hamburg businessman Otto Bartning (1837–1911) and his wife Jenny, b. Doll, a daughter of the Protestant theologian Karl Wilhelm Doll , was born. After graduating from high school in 1902 at the Grand Ducal Gymnasium in Karlsruhe , he began studying architecture at the Technical University of Charlottenburg in the winter semester of the same year . His teachers included u. a. Julius Carl Raschdorff . From March 27 to December 5 1904 undertook Bartning a world tour (in the older literature incorrectly dated to 1902-1903) and then continued his studies in Berlin - and for one semester in Karlsruhe with Hermann Billing , Max Laeuger and Karl Moser - continued . At the same time he was a freelance architect in Berlin from the end of 1905. Otto Bartning finished his studies without a degree. (At the time of dropping out, there are conflicting sources: 1908 or 1907.)

As a student, Bartning built his first church, the Evangelical Peace Church in Peggau in Styria. In the period up to the First World War, 17 other Protestant churches in the predominantly Catholic Danube countries, so-called diaspora churches, followed. Bartnings' first church building in Germany was built in 1909–1910 in Essen.

From 1912 he was a member of the German Werkbund , from 1919 to 1923 he was a member of its board. Together with Walter Gropius , he founded the Bauhaus idea from the end of 1918 , largely formulated the program, but was then not involved in the founding (Gropius went it alone). Bartning was one of the founders of the architectural association Der Ring . In 1922 his (not executed) expressionist design of a star church caused a sensation, in 1928 he became internationally known with the construction of the steel church on the exhibition grounds of the Pressa in Cologne. After the Bauhaus moved to Dessau , Bartning was director of the newly founded State Building School in Weimar from 1926 to 1930 . After the victory of the NSDAP in Thuringia in 1930, he had to hand over this function to Paul Schultze-Naumburg , the political pupil of the Thuringian NS minister and later Reich Minister of the Interior Wilhelm Frick . After that he mainly worked in Berlin again, among other things he was involved in the construction of Siemensstadt . In 1943 he worked on the restoration of the Heiliggeistkirche in Heidelberg.

In the 1920s, Bartning was one of the participants in the Colpach Talks , which were intended to promote Franco-German understanding . However, during this time he lived in Berlin-Schöneberg , including at Friedrich-Wilhelm-Strasse 6a.

After the Second World War , Bartning became head of the construction department of the Evangelical Relief Organization in Neckarsteinach . Under his leadership, the relief organization set up two series church programs with the support of foreign churches. Bartning designed three types of emergency churches , 43 of which were built across Germany, particularly where refugees and displaced persons had been taken in. In a follow-up program, additional, now smaller, church buildings were built in three types of community center , diaspora chapel and house of the church .

In 1946, Bartning and Eugen Gerstenmaier founded the evangelical settlement service for settlement construction . He was also instrumental in the re-establishment of the German Werkbund . From 1950 he ran an office community with the architect Otto Dörzbach . At the end of this year he moved to Darmstadt and from then on resided in a wing of the Ernst Ludwig House on Mathildenhöhe . In the same year he was elected second chairman of the Deutscher Werkbund and president of the Federation of German Architects (BDA). In 1953 the Otto-Bartning-Stiftung was established with its seat in Darmstadt.

Bartning died in Darmstadt in 1959, where the Otto Bartning Archive is also located (in the history and theory of architecture department, architecture department at the Technical University of Darmstadt ). Otto Bartning was buried in the old cemetery in Darmstadt (grave site: I wall 23).

Bartning was married to Cläry (Klara) Fuchs (November 13, 1878 - November 12, 1966) since 1909. The couple had three children: Marianne married Hartmann (1910-2006), Peter (1913-1942) and Sibylle (born 1917). Theodor Heuss , who was friends with Bartning, valued the “encounter between rational understanding and inner poetry”.

Honors

plant

Buildings (selection)

Old Lutheran Church in Essen-Moltkeviertel , the first Bartning Church in Germany
Water tower, Zeipauer Dachstein- und Braunkohlenwerke AG in Zeipau (Lower Silesia)

The double-towered steel church presented at the Pressa exhibition in Cologne in 1928 made Bartning internationally known. Then there were the Bartning-Notkirchen built after the Second World War .

Chronological overview of buildings and designs:

1922: Tomb of the Aschaffenburg family, located in Mönchengladbach's colorful garden
Schmitz cloth factory
  • 1923: Cloth factory Gebr. Aschaffenburg in Mönchengladbach, formerly Aschaffenburg cloth factory, at Sachsenstrasse 30
House Wylerberg
  • 1921–1924: Schuster house, called Haus Wylerberg , near Kleve
  • 1923–1925: water tower, director's residence (destroyed) a. a. for Zeipau Dachstein- und Braunkohlenwerke AG in Zeipau (Lower Silesia) (since 1945 Szczepanów, Iłowa municipality , Poland)
  • 1924: Franz Lieck and Heider shop fitting in Berlin
  • 1924: Staircase in Friedland (Silesia)
  • 1924: Manor in Merkelsdorf in Bohemia
  • 1924–1925: Gildenhall craftsmen's settlement
  • 1925–1926: District children's home at Ruppiner See
  • 1925: Metzger's house near Potsdam
  • 1925: Office building for the German Red Cross in Berlin
  • 1926: German Pavilion for the Milan Fair, Milan (Italy)
  • 1926–1928: Housing developments in Berlin-Schöneberg
  • 1927–1928: Children's clinic at the Rittberg Hospital in Berlin-Lichterfelde
  • 1927–1928: Administration building of Elektro- Thermit GmbH in Berlin-Tempelhof
Long complaint in the large Berlin housing estate Siemensstadt
Church of the Resurrection in Essen-Südostviertel
Evangelical Church in Dornbirn
  • 1930–1931: Evangelical Church of the Savior in Dornbirn (Austria)
  • 1932–1934: Evangelical Gustav-Adolf-Church in Berlin-Charlottenburg, Brahestrasse / Herschelstrasse
  • 1932–1934: Evangelical Church in Lisbon
  • 1934: Protestant chapel in Heerlen (Netherlands)
  • 1933–1936: Maternity Hospital Grand-Duchesse Charlotte in Luxembourg , 4 Rue Ernest Barblé
  • 1934–1935: Evangelical St. Mark's Church in Karlsruhe , Weinbrennerstraße 23
  • 1936: Protestant cruciform church in Chemnitz , Andréplatz
  • 1937: Own residential building in Berlin-Westend , Nussbaumallee 42
First Church of Christ Scientists in Berlin-Wilmersdorf
Church of the Redeemer in Münster
Evang. Nassengrub Church (Czech Republic)
  • 1949–1953: around 50 more emergency churches from a follow-up program to the new types of community center and diaspora chapel, e.g. B .:
    • Diaspora chapel (today's cemetery chapel) in 1951 on Dorotheenstädtischer Kirchhof II
    • Pauluskirche in Bilshausen , today the district of Göttingen , 1951
    • Erlöserkirche / community center in Neuss-Reuschenberg 1950–1951 (emergency church type "D" added to the list of monuments)
    • Blessing Church Delbrück, 1949, type community center (today private house)
    • Erlöserkapelle Gerzen near Landshut, 1951 (emergency church, included in the list of monuments)
  • from 1952: Reconstruction of the island of Helgoland, which was destroyed in the Second World War
  • 1952–1953: Fürsteneck Castle is converted into an educational facility
Darmstadt Clinic , Women's Clinic, Otto-Bartning-Bau (2013)

Fonts

  • From the new church building. Berlin 1919. New edition: Otto Bartning: From the new church building. With notes and afterwords, ed. by Peter Schüz. Göttingen 2019.
  • Globe. 1947.
  • Earth beloved. 1956.
  • Hermann Wandersleb (Ed.): New Housing, Volume 2: Implementation of experimental settlements. Otto Maier Verlag, Ravensburg 1958.
  • Alfred Siemon (ed.): From the room of the church. From writings and speeches (= 20th century architecture , 2). Rasch, Bramsche 1958.
  • Oskar Beyer (Ed.): Otto Bartning in a nutshell. From writings and speeches of the architect. Furche-Verlag, Hamburg 1954.
  • The 48 emergency churches in Germany. Schneider, Heidelberg 1949.
  • Delighted sea voyage. Rowohlt, Reinbek 1958.
  • From the new church building. In: Planning and Building in the New Germany. Cologne / Opladen 1960, p. 158 f.

Otto Bartning Working Group on Church Construction (OBAK)

The Otto Bartning-Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kirchenbau e. V. (OBAK) is an association for the research and dissemination of Otto Bartning's work. With its website, the working group is the digital foundation of the Otto Bartning Archive at the Technical University of Darmstadt because it has made a significant contribution to the digitization of his work and continues to do so.

The association was founded on May 29, 2003 at the Ecumenical Church Congress in Berlin as an initiative of private individuals. After the founding meeting on May 4, 2006, the association was registered at the registry court in 2006. The OBAK is recognized as a non-profit organization for the promotion of non-profit purposes of promoting art and culture as well as scientific purposes.

On the occasion of the Bauhaus year 2009, OBAK organized the exhibition Otto Bartning and the (other) Bauhaus in Erfurt and a crossover art project in Berlin: The world is energy - performance, painting and sound collage and provides the visual material for numerous publications on Bartning. Since 2009 she has been running the European project eurOB for the international networking of art historians and architects on the subject of Bartning. In 2012 an initiative was started with the aim of adding the Typenkirchen and Notkirchen Bartnings, built between 1947 and 1953, to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites .

Exhibitions

  • 2017/2018 Otto Bartning (1883–1959), architect of a social modern age. An exhibition by the Akademie der Künste, Berlin, and the Wüstenrot Foundation in collaboration with the Städtische Galerie Karlsruhe, the Institut Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt and the Technische Universität Darmstadt, curator Sandra Wagner-Conzelmann. Academy of Arts March 31 - June 18, 2017, Städtische Galerie Karlsruhe July 22 - October 22, 2017, Institut Mathildenhöhe Darmstadt November 19, 2017 - March 18, 2018
  • 2019/2020 Bartning.Bartning.Bartning. Modernist architect. LVR open-air museum Kommern. Rhenish State Office for Folklore, curator Sandra Wagner-Conzelmann, October 6, 2019 - October 25, 2020, as a contribution to the project “100 Years of Bauhaus in the West” of the Ministry of Culture and Science of North Rhine-Westphalia, the Regional Association of Westphalia-Lippe (LWL) and the Rhineland Regional Association (LVR). The focus of the exhibition is Otto Bartning's contribution to the history of serial construction. The reason for this was the diaspora chapel from Overath , which has been moved to the museum grounds and is part of the Bartnings emergency church program.

literature

in order of appearance, earliest first

  • Hans Ludwig Oeser: New architecture. New buildings by Prof. Dr. Otto Bartning. Berlin. In: Die Form, Vol. 1, 1925/26, pp. 266–272 ( digitized version ).
  • Ernst Pollak: The builder Otto Bartning. Our attitude to life is shaped in his work. Kurt Schroeder, Bonn 1926.
  • Paul Girkon: The steel church. Protestant cult building at the Pressa Cologne 1928. With a foreword by Otto Bartning. Furche-Kunstverlag, Berlin 1928.
  • Robert Volz: Reich manual of the German society . The handbook of personalities in words and pictures. Volume 1: A-K. German business publisher, Berlin 1930, DNB 453960286 .
  • Hans Karl Frederick Mayer: The builder Otto Bartning and the rediscovery of space. Lambert Schneider, Heidelberg 1951.
  • Helmut Lerch, Jürgen Bredow: Otto Bartning. Materials on the architect's work. Verlag 'Das Example', Darmstadt 1983.
  • Dörte Nicolaisen: The other Bauhaus. Otto Bartning and the Staatliche Bauhochschule Weimar 1926–1930. Kupfergraben-Verlagsgesellschaft, Berlin 1996, ISBN 3-89181-406-2 .
  • Tilo Richter: The Kreuzkirche in Chemnitz-Kaßberg. A building by Otto Bartning. Passage-Verlag, Leipzig 1996, ISBN 3-9805299-1-6 .
  • Christoph Schneider: Otto Bartning's emergency church program. Tectum Verlag, Marburg 1997.
  • Chris Gerbing: The Resurrection Church in Pforzheim. Otto Bartnings church building in the field of tension between modernity and traditionalism. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 2001, ISBN 3-7954-1428-8 .
  • Marcus Frings (ed.): The star church by Otto Bartning. Analysis, visualization, simulation. vdg, Weimar 2002, ISBN 3-89739-285-2 . (with CD-ROM)
  • Svenja Schrickel: Otto Bartning's emergency churches. A serial church building production of the post-war period. Traditional signs of a new beginning after the Second World War. In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg. 34th year 2005, issue 4, pp. 201–213. ( online as PDF)
  • Chris Gerbing: Otto Bartning (1883-1959). Church builder, architect and educator between tradition and modernity. In: Gerhard Schwinge (Hrsg.): Life pictures from the Baden Protestant Church, Volume V: Culture and Education. Regional culture publisher, Heidelberg et al. 2007, pp. 245-273.
  • Wilfried Limberg: To the church in Nove Mesto pod Smrkem. A working note from the Otto Bartning Church Building Working Group (OBAK). In: EKD Service Office , Volume 23, 2009, No. 1, p. 50. ( online as PDF at www.ekd.de)
  • Evangelical Gustav-Adolf-Kirchengemeinde in Berlin-Charlottenburg, Otto Bartning-Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kirchenbau (OBAK) (Ed.): The Gustav-Adolf-Kirche in Berlin-Charlottenburg and its architect Otto Bartning. Festschrift for the 75th anniversary of the inauguration. Balthasar-Verlag, Gifhorn 2009, ISBN 978-3-937134-51-2 .
  • Hans Körner: The Holy and the Modern. Otto Bartning and the Protestant church building of the 1920s . In: INSITU. Zeitschrift für Architekturgeschichte (2/2009), pp. 241–261.
  • Ulrike Nierste: Expressionism and New Objectivity: The Gustav Adolf Church by Otto Bartning and the church building in the Weimar Republic , Berlin 2010, object metadata
  • Sandra Wagner-Conzelmann: "All building must be understood from a purpose, ... so also the church building." The tasks of architecture according to Otto Bartning. In: Hans Körner, Jürgen Wiener (Hrsg.): Liturgie als Bauherr? Modern church building in Germany. Klartext-Verlag, Essen 2010, pp. 183–190.
  • Friedhelm Grundmann: Otto Bartning (1883−1959). The innovator of Protestant church building . In: Jürgen Kampmann (Ed.): Protestantism in Prussia. Life pictures from his history , Vol. 4: From the First World War to the division of Germany . Hansisches Druck- und Verlagshaus, Frankfurt am Main 2011, ISBN 978-3-86921-036-0 , pp. 191ff.
  • Sandra Wagner-Conzelmann: The models of the star church by Otto Bartning. In: Oliver Elser, Peter Cachola Schmal (ed.): The architecture model. Tool, fetish, little utopia. Deutsches Architektur Museum, Frankfurt am Main 2012, pp. 38–44.
  • Sandra Wagner-Conzelmann: Otto Bartning (1883-1959). In: Jessica Hänsel, Jörg Haspel, Christiane Salbe, Kerstin Wittmann-Englert (eds.): Builders, engineers, garden architects. Historical Commission to Berlin, Berlin 2016, pp. 319–341.
  • Werner Durth, Wolfgang Pehnt, Sandra Wagner-Conzelmann: Otto Bartning. Architect of a social modern age . Ed .: Academy of Arts and Wüstenrot Foundation. Justus von Liebig, Darmstadt 2017, ISBN 978-3-88331-220-0 .

Web links

Commons : Otto Bartning  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Hermann Erbacher:  Doll, Karl Wilhelm. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1959, ISBN 3-428-00185-0 , p. 60 f. ( Digitized version ). Here: “Grandchildren including Otto Bartning (1883–1959), architect in Weimar a. Darmstadt."
  2. ↑ Otto Bartning on the website of the Bartning family
  3. ↑ Details on the star church design
  4. ↑ View of the steel church from the picture archive of Prussian cultural heritage  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / bpkgate.picturemaxx.com  
  5. ^ Hans Prolingheuer: Hitler's pious iconoclasts. Church & art under the swastika. Cologne 2001, ISBN 3-920862-33-3 , p. 330, note 232.
  6. ^ A b T. Heuss, Introduction, in: Planning and building in the new Germany. Cologne / Opladen 1960.
  7. ↑ Bartning, Otto; Architect . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1922, II.
  8. ↑ Karin Berkemann: Otto Bartning. In: Strasse der Moderne - Churches in Germany. German Liturgical Institute, accessed on May 18, 2019 .
  9. ↑ Sigrid Hoff: A modern church father. Otto Bartning was a pioneer of the Bauhaus movement and was heavily involved in church building . In: Christ in der Gegenwart , vol. 69 (2017), p. 183.
  10. ↑ Approval for the establishment of the Otto Bartning Foundation for Architecture and Fine Arts in Darmstadt on August 26, 1953 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1953 No. 37 , p. 801 , point 1044 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 5.3 MB ]).
  11. ↑ a b c life data of Otto Bartning in a commemorative publication for the Gustav-Adolf-Kirche in Berlin. Here: p. 18 ; Retrieved March 7, 2010.
  12. ↑ Manfred Koch: Otto Bartning. In: Stadtlexikon Karlsruhe. Karlsruhe City Archives , accessed on November 8, 2017 .
  13. ↑ For a complete catalog raisonné of sacred buildings see Immo Wittig: 53 Years of Church Construction 1906–1959. Catalog raisonné of Otto Bartning's sacred buildings. In: “I've built churches all my life.” In memory of Otto Bartning. In: Workplace Divine Service ( ISSN  1619-4047 ), Volume 23 (2009), pp. 60-78.
  14. ↑ Images in: H. de Fries (ed.): Modern Villas and Country Houses , 3rd Edition, Berlin: Wasmuth 1925, pp. 93–98.
  15. ↑ Berlin monument Landhaus Miquelstrasse
  16. ↑ Berlin architectural monument residential building Im Dol
  17. ↑ Images in: H. de Fries (ed.): Modern Villas and Country Houses , 3rd edition, Berlin: Wasmuth 1925, pp. 99-100
  18. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Ernst Pollak: The builder Otto Bartning. Our attitude to life is shaped in his work. , 1926, 35 pages
  19. ↑ Illustrations in: H. de Fries (ed.): Modern Villas and Country Houses , 3rd edition, Berlin: Wasmuth 1925, pp. 101-102.
  20. ^ The children's clinic of the Rittberghaus of the Red Cross in Berlin-Lichterfelde . In: Die Form, Vol. 4, 1929, pp. 138-144 ( digitized version ).
  21. ↑ Berlin monument administration building Elektro-Thermit
  22. ↑ Berlin area building monument Siemensstadt housing estate; together with 7 other architects
  23. ↑ Otto Bartning on the website for the Musikheim in Frankfurt / Oder ( Memento from October 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
  24. ^ Paul F. Schmidt: The Frankfurt Musikheim. Architect: Otto Bartning . In: Wasmuth's monthly magazine for architecture . tape 13 , 1929, pp. 502-504 ( zlb.de ).
  25. ↑ Berlin architectural monument Gustav Adolf Church
  26. ↑ Berlin architectural monument residential building Bartning
  27. ↑ Berlin monument First Church of Christ Scientists
  28. ↑ Entry in the work database
  29. ↑ Berlin architectural monument Revelation Church
  30. ↑ Berlin monument cemetery chapel in the Dorotheenstädtischer Kirchhof
  31. ^ Festschrift for the inauguration of the new Delbrück / Westf. Community center. on April 15, 1973, Palm Sunday, p. 5 .; see. furthermore treasures! 20th century churches. Munich 2007. p. 53
  32. ↑ Berlin architectural monument Johanniskirche
  33. ↑ Berlin monument of the Ascension Church
  34. ^ Immo Wittig: Otto Bartning. Architect of the Himmelfahrtkirche Berlin-Wedding. In: Festschrift “50 Years of the Ascension Church in May 2006”, published by the Evangelical Church Community at Humboldthain. P. 21 [1]  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.otto-bartning.info  
  35. ↑ St. Thomas Church in Karlsruhe
  36. ↑ http://publicus.culture.hu-berlin.de/sammlungen/sammlung/808
  37. ↑ Otto Bartning Archive TU Darmstadt ( Memento from October 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  38. ^ Bauhaus locations ( Memento from January 24, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
  39. ^ The Otto Bartning Archive at TUD. In: sueddeutsche.de . Retrieved May 7, 2019 .
  40. ↑ Bartning-Typenkirchen as a UNESCO World Heritage Site on the homepage of the Otto Bartning-Arbeitsgemeinschaft Kirchenbau e. V., accessed December 20, 2012.
  41. ↑ Nikolaus Bernau: And the Sternkirche still shines . In: Berliner Zeitung , April 12, 2017.
  42. ↑ Otto Bartning (1883-1959). Architect of a social modern age
  43. ↑ DNB 996689508
personal data
SURNAME Bartning, Otto
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect and architectural theorist
DATE OF BIRTH April 12, 1883
PLACE OF BIRTH Karlsruhe
DATE OF DEATH February 20, 1959
Place of death Darmstadt