Moltkeviertel

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View over the Moltkeviertel from the north (2009)
View over the Moltkeviertel from the southeast (2009)

The Moltkeviertel is a district of Essen near the city ​​center about 1.2 km as the crow flies southeast of the main train station . It is bounded by Kronprinzenstraße, Ruhrallee, Töpferstraße, Rellinghauser Straße and the Essen Hbf - Essen-Werden railway line (line S 6 to Düsseldorf and Cologne). Administratively it belongs to the districts of Essen-Südostviertel and Essen-Huttrop ; for the delimitation of the two parts of the city and the Moltkviertel see the web link below to "ESSENS BUNTE SEITE". The center of the Moltkeviertel is the Robert-Schmidt-Berufskolleg , the former Königliche Baugewerkschule Essen , on the corner of Moltkestraße and Robert-Schmidt-Straße.

urban planning

The Moltkeviertel was conceived as an urban unit at the beginning of the 20th century. In response to the lack of high-quality living space for the middle classes in the up-and-coming and affluent city of Essen, it was planned by the visionary city planner and alderman Robert Schmidt according to aspects that were partly still valid and were innovative at the time. This included the creation of further ventilation aisles in the form of wide streets and continuous green areas. Many streets follow the idea of ​​the "artistic town planning" propagated by Camillo Sitte with slightly curved lines. Squares and green spaces were incorporated into the composition according to functional and artistic aspects. Extensive parks with partly large play and sports areas in the immediate vicinity of the residential buildings - even the tennis courts were planned as early as 1908 - corresponded to the ideas of “reform urban development”, the Volkspark concept and the model of the garden city and are still used extensively today. The naming of the streets in the quarter after great architects like Karl Friedrich Schinkel , Gottfried Semper , Joseph Maria Olbrich and others shows the admiration for the architecture, while the naming after the Prussian General Field Marshal Helmuth Karl Bernhard von Moltke for the largest street and the largest square of the district was probably due to the zeitgeist between the turn of the century and the First World War .

Reform architecture

From 1908 the approximately 0.5 km² area bought by the city was built on: Magnificent villas as well as semi-detached and terraced houses and company headquarters were built for their clients according to individual plans and according to the respective budget - consistently in the style of reform architecture . The Königliche Baugewerkschule Essen was built between 1908 and 1911 as the center, which towers over everything with its clock tower . After the state engineering school for civil engineering was temporarily housed in the building , the commercial school III of the city of Essen went into operation on August 30, 1982, and was renamed the Robert Schmidt vocational college in August 2000 . Georg Metzendorf , Edmund Körner and other well-known architects created an architecture for the upper middle class in the immediate vicinity, which at the time provided living space for high and in some cases - especially in the form of representative villas - the highest demands and which continues to be coveted even after a hundred years Forms residential area. At Moltkeplatz, Otto Bartning built his first church in Germany (consecrated in 1910) for the Old Lutheran Church Community (now the Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church , SELK) and later planned the Church of the Resurrection, built in 1929, very close to one of the most important models of modern church building in Central Europe. At the corner of Moltkestrasse and Camillo-Sitte- Platz, Edmund Körner's residential and studio (later only studio) building was built in 1928/1929, which has elements of both New Building and industrial buildings such as the Zeche Zollverein XII . Many of the old buildings and the Moltkebrücke are now listed ; Lists of architectural monuments can be found here (in two lists, as the Moltkeviertel belongs to two districts): in the Essen-Südostviertel district and in the Essen-Huttrop district . A conservation statute has existed for a large part of the district since 1983 , for which the traditionally self-confident residents of the district had campaigned with great civic engagement.

  • Moltke Bridge; Picture from 1910

  • Moltke Bridge; today

  • Sculptures on the Moltkebrücke over the S-Bahn

  • Art Nouveau railing next to the Moltke Bridge

  • Robert Schmidt Vocational College (formerly the Royal Building Trade School Essen)

  • Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church SELK on Moltkeplatz

  • Gustav Heinemann and his family lived in Schinkelstrasse 34 until his death on July 7, 1976

  • "Villa Koppers" on Moltkeplatz: former residential building of the Heinrich Koppers family

  • Moltkestrasse; former administration building of the Heinrich Koppers company

  • Obere Schinkelstrasse

  • "Eigenheimsiedlung": Messelstrasse

  • Residential and studio house of the architect Edmund Körner; Moltkestrasse and Camillo-Sitte-Platz

  • Essen was once a mining town: mallets and irons at a house entrance on Schinkelstrasse

  • Semperstrasse / Dammannstrasse

  • Lower Ruhrallee

  • At the northern Moltkeplatz; with stele by Jo Schöpfer and outdoor work Blue Pigment by Katja Hajek

Green spaces

View over the Wiebe plant from the southeast (2009)

In addition to the parks and the many old trees, the large front gardens that belong to the houses and were specified in Robert Schmidt's planning help make the Moltkeviertel appear like a green garden city - especially from a bird's eye view. In contrast to a garden city in the original sense, there is no spatial separation into work and living areas in the Moltkeviertel. Rather, there are jobs in the Moltkeviertel - mainly in the areas of education, medicine, administration, (engineering) offices, law firms - next door to residential buildings. In a publication by the Association of German Architects and the City of Essen from 2004 (see below) it is stated that the Moltkeviertel was originally planned for around 4,000 residents and around 3,000 jobs.

In the southern part of the Moltkviertel, an unusual type of park was created in 1925 with the Wiebe facility - for the first time in Germany. The public park is located in the inner area of ​​the surrounding blocks: the rear gardens of the individual houses border directly on the park with its children's playground and green areas.

Contemporary Arts

In a strong visual contrast to the opposite row of old houses on the northern Moltkeplatz, the Essen gallery owner Jochen Krüper († 2002) has been working on the Moltkeplatz meadow together with Dr. Uwe Rüth (formerly director of the Sculpture Museum Glaskasten Marl ) put together a sculpture ensemble of high-quality contemporary art (see literature below on material and space and KUNSTAMMOLTKEPLATZ ). In addition to important works by Heinz Breloh , Hannes Forster , Gloria Friedmann , Lutz Fritsch , Friedrich Gräsel , Ansgar Nierhoff and Ulrich Rückriem , which are now sponsored by the association Kunst am Moltkeplatz KaM e. V.  , a selected young work has been exhibited for a limited time since 2010 as part of the young art project at Moltkeplatz . In other places in the district, contemporary art can be found outdoors, for example on the corner of Moltkestrasse and Schinkelstrasse, as well as on private properties such as the Moltkeplatz sculpture ensemble in Essen (see below).

  • Sculptures at Moltkeplatz by ...

  • … Heinz Breloh, Friedrich Gräsel and Hannes Forster under 100-year-old plane trees

  • ... Hannes Forster with a focus on the Old Lutheran Church (today SELK), the first church building by the architect Otto Bartning in Germany

  • … Ansgar Nierhoff and Hannes Forster

  • … Friedrich Gräsel and Gloria Friedmann

additional

The former home of Gustav Heinemann , the first elected Lord Mayor of Essen after the Second World War and the third Federal President of the Federal Republic of Germany, is located at Schinkelstrasse 34 . About her youth in this house, Uta Ranke-Heinemann u. a. in her contribution The BDM cellar in my father's house (see below). The Essen branch of the Deutsche Bundesbank is located at Moltkestrasse 31 . The hospitals of the Huyssens Foundation on Henricistraße and the Elisabeth Hospital on the other side of the Ruhrallee together with the surrounding facilities form a focus of medical care. In the Villa Koppers , Moltkeplatz 61, the former home of industrialist Heinrich Koppers which has International School Ruhr based.

In the year of RUHR.2010 European Capital of Culture , the SELK parish celebrated the 100th anniversary of its listed church building built by Otto Bartning . Later that year, the residents of Moltkeplatz celebrated its naming, also 100 years ago. The former Königliche Baugewerkschule Essen (today's Robert Schmidt vocational college ), built by Edmund Körner , celebrated the 100th anniversary of its inauguration on November 16, 2011.

literature

  • Association of German Architects, City of Essen - Office for Urban Planning and Building Regulations (Ed.): Visionary Essen - From the industrial city to the service metropolis. (Catalog for the exhibition of the same name (part 1) on the occasion of the city anniversary “1150 years of the city and Essen monastery” in 2002 and in the Vienna planning workshop of the City of Vienna, MA 18 March 17th, April 6th 2005, ViSdP Ernst Kurz.) Essen 2004 (2nd, supplemented edition).
  • KUNSTAMMOLTKEPLATZ - 10 years of art at Moltkeplatz KaM eV - 35 years of Moltkeplatz sculpture meadow ; with contributions by Dr. Uwe Rüth and Tankred Stachelhaus; 52 pp; Ed .: KaM eV; Essen 2017; see here.
  • Silke Lück: The Moltkeviertel in Essen. (= Rheinische Kunststätten , booklet 449.) Cologne 2000, ISBN 3-88094-858-5 (This booklet is out of print; more information on this at the Kunst am Moltkeplatz KaM eV association; see web links)
  • Uta Ranke-Heinemann : The BDM cellar in my father's house. In: Alfred Neven DuMont (ed.): Born 1926/27, memories of the years under the swastika. Cologne 2007, pp. 95-106.
  • Uwe Rüth (Ed.): Material and space, installations + projects, art in public space. Galerie Heimeshoff Jochen Krüper, Essen 1990/1991, ISBN 3-928417-01-0 (This book is out of print; more information on this at the Kunst am Moltkeplatz KaM eV association; see web links) .
  • Tankred Stachelhaus: The Moltkeviertel in Essen - globally unique RaumKunst (= Rheinische Kunststätten, issue 521.) Cologne 2010, ISBN 978-3-86526-051-2 (This issue is available from the Kunst am Moltkeplatz KaM eV association; see web links)

Web links

Commons : Moltkeviertel  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Sculpture ensemble on Moltkeplatz in Essen  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c memorial plaque on the object
  2. ^ Homepage of the Robert Schmidt Vocational College, History
  3. ↑ Sign on the property

Coordinates: 51 ° 26 ′ 35.3 "  N , 7 ° 1 ′ 33.7"  E