Krefeld
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
|---|---|---|
|
Coordinates: 51 ° 20 ' N , 6 ° 34' E |
|
| Basic data | ||
| State : | North Rhine-Westphalia | |
| Administrative region : | Dusseldorf | |
| Height : | 38 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 137.77 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 227,417 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 1651 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postcodes : | 47798-47809, 47829, 47839 | |
| Area code : | 02151 | |
| License plate : | KR | |
| Community key : | 05 1 14 000 | |
| LOCODE : | DE KRE | |
| NUTS : | DEA14 | |
| City structure: | 9 districts with 19 districts |
|
City administration address : |
Von-der-Leyen-Platz 1 47798 Krefeld |
|
| Website : | ||
| Lord Mayor : | Frank Meyer ( SPD ) | |
| Location of Krefeld in North Rhine-Westphalia and in the administrative district of Düsseldorf | ||
  |
||
Krefeld (until November 25, 1925 Crefeld ) is a left bank location city on the Lower Rhine northwest of the state capital Dusseldorf and southwest then to Duisburg and the Ruhr area in North Rhine-Westphalia . The independent city in the administrative district of Düsseldorf is also known as the "velvet and silk city" due to the silk fabric production of the 18th and 19th centuries. At the end of 2015, Krefeld took 14th place among the 29 major cities in North Rhine-Westphalia with around 225,000 inhabitants . Viewed across Germany, Krefeld was 34th on December 31, 2015.
The city has existed in its current boundaries essentially since August 1, 1929, when Krefeld was combined with Uerdingen to form the Krefeld-Uerdingen district on the Rhine . In 1940 the umbrella community was dissolved and renamed Krefeld. In 1975 the city was enlarged again slightly. In state planning , Krefeld is classified as a regional center . Krefeld is part of the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan region , the largest polycentric conurbation in Germany with around ten million inhabitants , and the Rhineland metropolitan region with around 8.6 million inhabitants.
Due to the silk fabric production, Krefeld was one of the wealthiest cities in Germany for a long time until the first half of the 20th century. The splendid Wilhelminian style and Art Nouveau facades from the 19th and 20th centuries, which have been preserved in many parts of the city despite the war damage, still bear witness to this today . Since the decline of the silk industry, Krefeld's economy has been dominated by the chemical industry (e.g. Evonik , Covestro , Alberdingk Boley ), mechanical and plant engineering (e.g. Siemens Mobility , Siempelkamp ) and the metal industry ( Outokumpu ) . Due to its convenient location, the city has also established itself as a sought-after logistics location in recent years.
The most important sights of the university town include the four ramparts with the east wall created as a splendid boulevard in the 19th century , the Krefeld art museums , the German Textile Museum , the medieval town center Linn (Krefeld) with Linn Castle , the Krefeld zoo and the well-preserved historical ones Centers of the formerly independent city of Uerdingen and the municipality of Hüls . In addition, Krefeld is known for its numerous green spaces and garden monuments. There are numerous parks in the urban area, many of which have emerged from the private gardens of former silk manufacturers. B. the Krefeld city forest , the Sollbrüggenpark and the Schönwasserpark .
geography
Spatial location
Krefeld lies in the "Krefeld-Kempener Platte", which is part of the Lower Rhine Plain . The city center is about seven kilometers from the banks of the Rhine, but since the incorporation of Linn the urban area has extended as far as the Rhine . The bank length in Krefeld is 6.2 kilometers (3.5 km Rhine bank Uerdingen). The width of the river varies between 320 and 400 meters. The largest expansion of the urban area is 12 kilometers in north-south direction and 13.1 kilometers in west-east direction. The height of the city center is 39 m above sea level. NN . The highest elevations in the entire urban area are the Hülser Berg at 63 m above sea level. NN and the artificial elevations Inrather Berg , an old rubble dump from the ruins of the Second World War at 87 m above sea level. NN and the Kapuzinerberg ( 77 m ), which has also been accessible to the general public since 2004 , a former household waste dump.
climate
Macroclimatically, Krefeld belongs to the Atlantic-maritime climatic area of north-west Germany, with mild winters with little snow and moderately warm summers, in which the maximum annual precipitation is. The long-term mean of the annual precipitation in Krefeld is 760 mm. The annual mean temperature in Krefeld is between 10.6 ° C and 11.1 ° C. The air temperature maxima are between 33.9 ° C and 35.5 ° C, the minima between -5.9 ° C and -7.6 ° C.
| Krefeld station Tönisvorst | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate diagram | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Krefeld
station Tönisvorst
Source: DWD, data: 2015–2020
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
geology
The city of Krefeld is located in the Lower Rhine lowlands . The near-surface layers mainly consist of gravel and sand deposits from the Ice Age . The up to 30 m thick layers were deposited by the Rhine here. Years ago, 240,000 of these layers were partially from the edges of Eisschildmassen to crush moraines pressed that today Niederrheinische heights form. The Hülser Berg is an example of this. Under the gravel and sand layers there are sea sands that were deposited there in the Tertiary (2.4 to 65 million years before today). They reach down to a depth of 250 m. Among them are marine deposits (mainly consisting of sandstone , claystone and limestone ) from older geological phases . On the northern outskirts of the city, coal-bearing layers from the carbon can also be found at greater depths , which are connected to the coal regions in Belgium and on the Ruhr.
On the higher-lying areas of the Krefeld urban area, you will find predominantly parabrown soils and brown soils . These make good arable sites.
The Kempen plate, which is located in the western part of the city, is slightly raised by fracture tectonics and has an approximately 1 m thick top layer of loess . This was deposited here during the last ice age . The resulting fertile clay soils are valued as grain and beet fields.
In the oxbow gullies of the Rhine ( Kendeln ) , Niedermoor peat arose , which was also extracted at the Niepkuhlen , but is no longer of economic importance today.
At the end of the last Ice Age, the Rhine, east of the terrace edge of Dießem - Inrath - Hüls, deposited sandy to loamy sediments . Under the influence of groundwater , gley soils were created in the lower areas . These areas are such. B. the Hülser and Latumer Bruch used as grassland and forest. In the flood-prone Rheinaue, fertile soils were created from alluvial soil material.
Urban area
The city of Krefeld is divided into the 9 city districts : city center, west, north, Hüls, south, Fischeln, Oppum-Linn, east and Uerdingen. Each city district has its own district council and a district head . The district council is elected by the population of the city district in each local election. Furthermore, there are 19 districts , these are divided into several statistical districts.
The 19 districts with their official numbers:
|
|
Neighboring cities
The city of Krefeld borders in the north on the cities of Neukirchen-Vluyn and Moers in the Wesel district , in the east and northeast on the independent city of Duisburg , in the south on the cities of Meerbusch in the Rhine district of Neuss and Willich in the district of Viersen and in the west on the cities Tönisvorst and Kempen in the Viersen district.
Demographics
In 1861 Krefeld had more than 50,000 inhabitants. In 1890, the city's population exceeded 100,000, making it a major city . By 1957, that number had doubled to 200,000. In 1994 the population reached its historical high of around 250,000. In December 2018 there were 227,020 people in Krefeld. 116,275 (51.21%) of these were female.
The population density is 17.4 inhabitants per hectare. The unemployment rate in July 2020 was 11.7 percent. The proportion of foreigners is 13.6%. Of the approximately 84,000 employees who are subject to social security contributions , around 30% are employed in the manufacturing industry, only 0.5% in agriculture. 17.5% of Krefeld residents are under 18 years of age, 62.5% are between 18 and 65 years old and 20% are over 65 years old.
history
This section focuses on the history of the village of Krefeld. The history of today's city of Krefeld, however, includes the history of the individual communities of origin and the city of Uerdingen. These were shaped very differently due to their affiliation to the Electorate of Cologne or to the county of Moers or to the house of those of Orange and the respective economic development. There is therefore no history of the city of Krefeld until the last few decades. Rather, it consists of a large and interesting variety of urban historiography.
From the beginning to the 17th century
In the 1st century. AD. Built the Romans on the Rhine in the area of today's Krefeld district Gellep the fort Gelduba . In 1962, the grave of the Franconian prince Arpvar , famous for its outstanding furnishings and unspoilt condition, was discovered in a group of five notable "princely graves " (which, however, were largely looted in ancient times) on the grave field in front of the fort, which was constantly occupied from antiquity to the early Middle Ages. . The remains of Roman country houses and those of a temple complex in the “Elfrath” area were found in various other places in the Krefeld city area.
A fortified camp of the Roman general Marcus Hordeonius Flaccus , the "Castra Ordeonii", was located in Uerdingen. A six-part Roman grave find has been exhibited in the British Museum in London since 1868 under the name "Uerdingen Hoard". As the first place in today's urban area, Uerdingen received city rights from the Archbishop of Cologne, Konrad von Hochstaden, in 1255. The first documentary mention of Uerdingens was in 809 AD, so one can assume a settlement as early as the 8th century.
In the 12th century began Otto von Linn after his return from the Third Crusade , the castle Linn expand into a fortress. The city of Linn was founded in the 1st half of the 14th century by Count Dietrich VIII von Kleve in the east of the outer bailey to Linn Castle. Around 1200, the gentlemen von Rode built Rath House as a fortified customs post on Hohen Strasse in what is now the Elfrath district . House Rath is first mentioned as a fiefdom in 1246 in a document from the Count of Geldern.
Krefeld is first mentioned in 1105 in the land register of the Werden monastery . It was not until the High Middle Ages that a farming settlement grew in a place called "Krinvelde". It has not yet been clarified whether a “crows field” is the name giver. The fortified castle of Krakow, built later, was located east of the city walls in the middle of what is now the city. "Krah-Kau" in the Krefeld dialect means crow cage, so that Krefeld can also be related by name to a crows field.
In 1361, Emperor Charles IV allowed Count Dietrich VI. von Moers for the Villa Krefeld to grant the right for an annual and weekly market with the usual privileges. This was followed on October 1, 1373 by Emperor Karl IV. To Count Friedrich von Moers to equip and fortify the "Villa" "Crefeld" with the usual privileges and rights of a town. This date is generally regarded as the birthday of the city of Krefeld. On October 30th of the same year, two seven-day annual fairs were also approved, which also included the assurance of a “safe conduct” for visits and participation.
Around 1400 Kraków Castle was built around 800 meters east of the city to better defend Krefeld . It existed until the 17th century, today only a few remains of the walls of the fortifications on Bogenstrasse are left. The oldest church in Krefeld, the Dionysius Church (today the Old Church ), was built on top of a 12th century building and received a new tower in 1472. With permission to build a city fortification, the place, which in contrast to Uerdingen ( Diocese of Cologne ) belonged to the county of Moers , was better protected from attacks by robber gangs. In particular, the gentlemen at the nearby Linn Castle practiced robber barons. At that time the castle belonged to the county of Kleve . Heinrich von Strünkede was the bailiff of Mechthild von Kleve at the Linner castle and was sent out on raids against Krefeld.
Just a few generations later, the ideas of the Reformation spread throughout Europe, and in 1560 the county of Moers became Protestant according to the principle of cuius regio, eius religio . This also applied to the northern part of the glory of Hüls at that time , which as "Moersische" Strasse was under the sovereignty of the Counts of Moers as a result of an inheritance. However, in the turmoil of the following years there were still Catholics in Krefeld and the surrounding area, the Catholic parish was only abolished by the neutrality agreement of 1607, and Catholics were also tolerated afterwards.
In 1584 Krefeld was completely destroyed in the Truchsessian War and remained almost uninhabited for two decades. In 1594, Countess Walburga , the widow of Count Adolf von Neuenahr -Moers, gave the glory of Krefeld to Prince Moritz of Orange . The county of Moers, and thus also Krefeld (like the northern part of Hüls), were declared neutral on July 4, 1598 by the States General and Archduke Albrecht VII of Austria . The importance of this neutrality for the political and economic development of Krefeld cannot be overestimated. It was renewed in several follow-up treaties and related to the Dutch struggle for independence , the Thirty Years' War and the period that followed.
The neutral Krefeld now became a place of refuge for Mennonites who were persecuted in the neighboring Catholic regions for their beliefs. More people of different faiths came than the long-established Krefelders wanted to endure. Last but not least, these pious people were often skilled artisans and business people, and therefore many of them were soon quite wealthy. This fueled envy and thus spread displeasure among the otherwise rather poor Krefeld population. In 1646 the Reformed pastors of Krefeld publicly complained to the Count of Moers that the Mennonites were holding meetings in Krefeld. Because of these meetings, which were not transparent to non-Mennonites, the Mennonites were accused of rebellion and conspiracy. The settlement of the Mennonite Adolf von der Leyen, who was expelled from Radevormwald in 1656, was of great importance for Krefeld . His sons founded silk weaving in Krefeld. Von der Leyen was the progenitor of an entire dynasty of silk manufacturers, among them the so-called silk barons , who helped Krefeld achieve great prosperity.
The flow of religious refugees of all denominations continued steadily - there were more than the city could hold. The city was only specifically enlarged during the first city expansion in 1693. Soon there were riots and attacks on those of different faiths. In 1683, the first 13 families emigrated to America on a ship called the " Concord " and founded the village of Germantown (actually Deitscheschteddel ) in Pennsylvania . They were mainly Quakers and Mennonites, who were lured by the absolute freedom of expression and religion guaranteed by Governor William Penn in Pennsylvania . Today Germantown is a district of Philadelphia . These 13 families were the first Germans to emigrate to America as a closed group. In 1983, the Deutsche Bundespost took the occasion of the 300th anniversary of "Germans in America", which was celebrated in Philadelphia and Krefeld as the " Philadelphiade ", to issue a special stamp.
18th century
Wilhelm III died in 1702 . of Orange , and Krefeld then fell to Prussia . The two brothers Friedrich and Heinrich von der Leyen left their parents' business in 1731 and founded their own textile company, which over the next few years developed into a company with an international reputation and increasingly exerted influence on the conditions in the city. Friedrich was the company's representative, Heinrich its organizer. The two rich brothers supported their Mennonite congregation by paying the preachers, donating a poor house, and buying a new church organ. Nevertheless, the wealth of the von der Leyens with their princely lifestyle has displaced the former beliefs such as piety and modesty. During his visit to Krefeld in 1738, Friedrich Wilhelm I recognized:
“ The Mennonists are not real Mennonists here, but bastards, but otherwise good Christians and honest people. "
He made the Von der Leyens anyway, or precisely because of it, concessions:
“ You can rely on me, I will protect you at all times so that no one can harm the factory and the business. "
The city was again affected by several wars in the 18th century (see War of the Spanish Succession , War of the Polish Succession ). The next Prussian King Friedrich II allowed the Catholics in Krefeld to build their own church, the Dionysius Church. The foundation stone was laid on August 9, 1754 when the state of construction was already advanced.
51 ° 19 ′ 43 ″ N , 6 ° 33 ′ 46 ″ E
Through monopolies , Friedrich II promoted silk weaving in Krefeld. Thus a strong textile industry developed in Krefeld . This situation made the city of Krefeld very wealthy, and it got its nickname "Velvet and Silk City", which is still valid today. A hundred years later, half of Krefeld's population was employed in the silk industry. To the many Weber reminded the city today on Südwall corner Ostwall , the statue, the silk weavers monument of a silk weaver with shouldered cloth roll from the Krefeldern Master Ponzelar called. The picture below the statue, embedded in the base, shows a weaver's house typical of that time . At the time, weaving was done at home in a weaving room in a weaver's house that was specially equipped for this purpose with a loom . Some of these typical houses survived the bombings in World War II and several city modernizations unscathed and are now listed .
The name of the city went down in war history through the “ Battle of Krefeld ”: On June 23, 1758, during the Seven Years' War , Prussian troops under the command of Prince Ferdinand of Braunschweig and a French army met on the southern outskirts. Despite their overwhelming power, the French were defeated - a memorial stone on the former battlefield, the Hückelsmay , still commemorates the over 2,800 fallen soldiers who are buried there. Friedrich II visited the city of Krefeld twice: in 1751 and 1763. On his second visit, he gave the von der Leyen family monopoly rights for silk production, so that emerging competitors were forced to migrate to the neighboring Duchy of Jülich-Berg or the Electorate of Cologne . Around 4,000 citizens already worked for the Von der Leyens, about half of the city's population. 80% of the goods produced were also exported to America and Russia. The portfolio comprised silk and velvet ribbons, paraments , braids, neck scarves, handkerchiefs and silk stockings as well as cloth goods, all in exclusive and exquisite qualities. Around 1768 there were over 700 looms for the two von der Leyen brothers alone. The second largest silk manufacturer in Krefeld, the Floh company, owned around 100 silk looms. The looms were always the property of the respective manufacturer and were only loaned to the employed weavers. Most of the weaving was done at home . In 1781 Frederick II , King of Prussia noted :
“ I see Crefeld and the local manufacturers as a jewel from which advertisers have to stay away; show me, therefore, only those regiments more closely that are guilty of such excesses. I will already know how to block the way to the city and its manufacturers. They may advertise abroad as much as they want, but they should definitely stay away from such useful factories. "
This meant that from now on no recruits could be recruited by the army in Krefeld. The usual method of the advertisers was to lie in wait for drunk young men in front of the bars in the evening and immediately pay them an amount as an advance on their pay. Anyone who accepted this " hand money " undertook almost immediately to do military service. While in other places entire permanent workforce went to war, in Krefeld the usual high quality could also be produced in war times with almost the same quantity. In addition, through this protection, Krefeld had the highest density of master weavers who delivered just such masterful work.
In 1794 the business assets of the Von der Leyens amounted to an enormous 1,280,000 thalers . At that time, a journeyman weaver earned around 10 thalers a month, a silk weaver twice that, and ribbon weaver even up to 30 thalers. A simple apartment cost 1 thaler rent per month. For a loom you had to pay 80 thalers, a rye bread of 500 g cost 4 Deut and a liter of beer 1 Stüber and 3 Deut. One thaler was equal to 60 stüber and one stüber had 8 deut. A thaler from 1770 is equivalent to around 25 euros today.
The prosperity also attracted crooks and bandits. Often the devout and gullible Mennonites became their victims. Gangs of robbers wandered around Krefeld and spread fear and terror. The " Krefeld gang " was one of many. The Grefrather Mathias Weber , better known to many as “Der Fetzer” because of his type of fight , was probably the most prominent and feared member of this group at the time.
In the French Revolution following coalition wars Krefeld was first occupied on November 16, 1792 by revolutionary troops under General La Marlière. A war contribution of 300,000 Dutch guilders was required from the French , which the city of Krefeld was unable to raise. To secure this demand, the representatives of the wealthiest Krefeld families were taken hostage. The claim could not be paid until the end of January. During the autumn campaign of 1794, Krefeld, like the rest of the territory on the left bank of the Rhine, was occupied by the French revolutionary troops. The city, like the entire left bank of the Rhine, was annexed by France and in 1798 made the administrative seat of an arrondissement of the Département de la Roer . 1801 became the Département de la Roer together with the Arrondissement de Crévelt French national territory. In 1802, freedom of trade was introduced under French law . During this time, the wandering bandits and robbers were specifically hunted down. Most of them were made short work. This is how Matthias Weber's life on a guillotine in Cologne ended in 1803 .
19th century
The ideas of the revolution were well received by many citizens, who also cheered Napoleon Bonaparte on his visit to the city in 1804. The following emerges from the records of the von Beckerath family about Napoleon's visit to Krefeld:
“ Bonaparte was received in the field at the royal court. The emperor had a yellowish complexion, gray eyes, dark hair and his features were not unpleasant. After the Maire von der Leyen had read his speech, he nodded his head in a friendly manner, looked at his watch and ordered to continue. He was hardly in town when we saw him walking arm in arm with the mayor. After Bonaparte inspected the factories, he had the local council meet and asked, among other things, how many millionaires were in Crefeld. "
The French era ended on January 14, 1814 - from then on Krefeld was again Prussian.
In 1816 Krefeld became the seat of the Krefeld district , which in 1929 became part of the Kempen-Krefeld district. In 1828, silk weavers at the von der Leyen company rebelled against wage cuts. Prussian hussars put down the rebels.
Sixth city expansion and the four walls
Between 1817 and 1870 Krefeld was expanded and redesigned several times. For this purpose, the builder and architect Adolph von Vagedes was commissioned to draw up a city expansion plan in 1815 . The old city walls limited the growing city too much and new building projects outside the walls took place almost haphazardly and without order. In 1817 the first plans by Vagedes were presented to the city council and approved by the city council until 1819. The original plan was for a floor plan in the form of a Greek cross . However, this project was rejected again. Probably the most decisive detail from this plan was the erection of the boulevards (north, west, south, east wall) that still characterize the cityscape today in the form of a rectangle. The four walls are a bit outside the former city fortifications and therefore not in their place, as is often rumored. Vagedes plan also took up the already existing classicist character of the city, according to which new buildings were also built in the same style. The planting of the four walls was very likely designed between 1838 and 1840 by Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe and his younger son Wilhelm August. There is evidence of other designs by his older son Joseph Clemens Weyhe .
Seventh city expansion
The construction of the train station around 1849, which was not included in Vagede's plan, later made it necessary to extend the east wall, the stylistic integration of which into the existing cityscape was also planned by Joseph Clemens Weyhe. The trees on the four walls, which are 150 years old today, date back to this time. In 1843 Krefeld was expanded to today's ring roads according to plans by Umpfenbach. The March Revolution of 1848 was also noticeable in Krefeld - in January 1849 there was even a death in street fighting. The technical age began in Krefeld in 1849 with the opening of the railway from Aachen to Oberhausen ( Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft ).
In 1863 there was a scandal during the visit of King Wilhelm I. Apart from the members of the Prussian Association, most of the Krefeld residents refused to give the king the usual honorary certificates and simply stayed at home. When a memorial was to be erected for him in 1870, Wilhelm, who had not forgotten the insult, demanded that he turn his back on the city. The base of this monument can still be seen today in the Krefeld city garden. The statue itself was melted down for armor during World War II . On June 17, 1894, the aviation pioneer Hermann Lattemann died in Krefeld in a fatal experiment when he tried to convert his balloon into a parachute.
With effect from November 23, 1872, the city of Krefeld left the district of Krefeld and formed its own urban district . According to official announcements, the name Crefeld was changed to Krefeld on December 26, 1897. But that was reversed on November 8, 1900. The final spelling with "K", which is still valid today, was ordered on November 25, 1925 by the Düsseldorf district government.
20th century
51 ° 19 ′ 54 ″ N , 6 ° 33 ′ 45 ″ E
On June 9, 1902, Gustav Mahler's Third Symphony was premiered in Krefeld under Mahler's direction. Eleven days later, the Krefeld Kaiser Wilhelm II cheered - the reluctance they had shown his grandfather Wilhelm I was forgotten.
In 1914 Krefelder also moved into the First World War - the pacifist privileges had been history since 1794. After the end of the war, Krefeld was occupied by Belgian troops on December 6, 1918 (until January 31, 1926 - see Allied occupation of the Rhineland ). Initially 7,500, later up to 6,000 soldiers were stationed in Krefeld. According to the Versailles Treaty, the German Reich had to provide them with adequate accommodation. From 1918 to 1921 over 1,220 square meters in private houses were confiscated, from 1923 to 1924 around 900. In 1921 the first residential houses for officers were built - in what has since been known as the “Belgian Quarter”. The Belgians censored the daily newspapers and cut connections to the other bank of the Rhine.
On October 22, 1923, Rhenish separatists stormed the Krefeld town hall. There were dead and injured; the action had no political consequences.
In 1901, the community of Linn am Rhein was incorporated into Krefeld, although this did not yet provide direct access to the Rhine from Krefeld. In 1907 there was a major expansion of the urban area, at that time Bockum , Oppum and Verberg were incorporated. Only with the incorporation of Oppums was a direct connection to the Linner Rheinhafen established. In 1929 Fischeln , Gellep-Stratum , Traar and other communities were incorporated into the city of Krefeld. Hohenbudberg and part of Kaldenhausen (Hagschinkel) were incorporated into the city of Uerdingen . The municipalities of Krefeld and Uerdingen, both of which have been part of the Rhenish City Code since 1856 , have merged to form the urban district and the municipality of Krefeld-Uerdingen am Rhein (special purpose association contract). The remainder of the district was renamed the Kempen-Krefeld district . See also the law on the municipal reorganization of the Rhenish-Westphalian industrial area §§ 4,6 and 7.
On November 9, 1938 ( November pogroms ) the synagogues in Krefeld were burned down and Jewish merchants' shops were destroyed and / or looted.
On April 1, 1940, the twin town and umbrella community Krefeld-Uerdingen am Rhein , which is still unique in its construction, was dissolved and (according to the town's legal opinion of January 1946) unlawfully renamed the town of Krefeld .
During the Second World War , the British Air Force carried out air raids on cities in Germany from May 1940 . As a result, 30 bunkers (mostly high-rise bunkers ) were erected in Krefeld as a protective measure (" emergency guide program ") . In the night of 2/3 October 1942, 38 people died in the first major air raid on the city. On the night of June 21-22, 1943, a heavy British air raid (1,033.5 tons of high explosive bombs and 1,041.9 tons of incendiary bombs) as part of the morale bombing strategy hit large parts of the east of Krefeld; the city center was significantly destroyed by a firestorm caused by incendiary bombs . 1036 Krefeld died; 9349 were injured. The large main train station, however, remained almost intact.
On December 31, 1944, January 11 and January 24, 1945, Western Allied bombers attacked railway lines. 441 people died in the attacks. An air raid on Krefeld on 28/29. January 1945 caused about 650 dead and missing.
On March 2, 1945, US troops marched into Krefeld during Operation Grenade . One goal of the advance was to conquer the Krefeld-Uerdingen Bridge (between Krefeld-Uerdingen and Duisburg-Mündelheim); this failed. Henry Kissinger , the future US Secretary of State, who served as a simple soldier in the intelligence service of the 84th Infantry Division, was tasked with organizing an interim civilian administration.
In June 1945 British occupation troops replaced the US troops, from then on Krefeld belonged to the British zone of occupation . After the end of the war, the Krefeld steel works were originally supposed to be dismantled , but this could still be averted. In the 1950s the steel mills experienced an upswing; There were steel crises in the late 1960s, 1970s and 1990s . The textile industry flourished until around 1955 and then experienced a sustained decline. In 1975 Hüls von Krefeld was incorporated (as part of the regional reform in North Rhine-Westphalia ).
On October 16, 1980 in Krefeld at a conference of the peace movement (among others with Petra Kelly and Gert Bastian ) the " Krefeld Appell " against the NATO double decision was formulated. On June 25, 1983 demonstrated during a state visit by George HW Bush (1981-1989 US Vice President under Ronald Reagan; 1989-1993 US President) on the occasion of the Philadelphiade in Krefeld over 20,000 people; there were serious clashes between militant demonstrators and the police.
City expansions
Before industrialization
| Niedertor ( Hülser Tor) | A, B, C |
| Obertor ( Fischelner Tor) | D, E |
| New Gate ( Linner Gate) | F. |
| Bröcksken (bridge over the city moat) | G |
| Gate to Cracau | H |
| West gate (gate to St. Tönis ) | I. |
Incorporation and merger in the 20th century
The following municipalities or districts were incorporated into Krefeld or part of the association / community town.
| year | Incorporated areas |
|---|---|
| 1901 | Linn (town charter from the beginning of the 14th century to 1856) |
| September 19, 1907 | Bockum , Verberg and Oppum (all Bockum mayor's office) |
| August 1, 1929 | Formation of the urban district of Krefeld-Uerdingen am Rhein (renamed the city of Krefeld in 1940) by the interest group (umbrella community) of the two cities: |
| City district of Krefeld (city rights since 1323) with the municipalities of Fischeln , district of Krefeld, Traar , district of Krefeld, Gellep-Stratum ( district of Lank ), district of Krefeld, Forstwald (district of Vorst), district of Krefeld, Benrad and Hülserberg (district of Hüls), incorporated in 1929, Kempen district | |
| and
City of Uerdingen , district of Krefeld (city census 1255), with Hohenbudberg incorporated in 1927/1929 , mayor's office Friemersheim, and the southern part of Kaldenhausen (Hagschinkel) |
|
| 1st January 1975 | Hüls , since January 1, 1970 part of the city of Kempen , district of Kempen-Krefeld (1936 expanded to include parts of the dissolved municipality of Orbroich ) |
Religions
Denomination statistics
According to the 2011 census , 43.1% of the population of Krefeld were Catholic, 20.3% Protestant and 36.7% belonged to any other or no religious community. The number of Protestants and Catholics has fallen since then. The statistics of the Diocese of Aachen showed 89,930 Catholics for Krefeld for December 2018. The statistics of the city of Krefeld (as of December 31, 2018) for Krefeld showed that 89,185 (38.1%) Catholics , 40,046 (17.1%) Protestants and 104,722 (44.8%) either had a different religion or no religion at all.
Christians
Krefeld initially belonged to the Archdiocese of Cologne and was subordinate to the archdeaconate of the cathedral dean or the dean's office Neuss. In 1561 the Counts of Moers also introduced the Reformation in Krefeld . By pledging Krefeld to the Orange people, there was limited religious freedom in Krefeld, which was limited to private religious life. The Johannes Baptista monastery continued to be used by the Catholics. Baptisms, weddings and funerals were reserved for the Reformed pastor. This religious freedom, albeit restricted, brought many people of all denominations who were persecuted for religious reasons into the city. A particularly strong group were the Mennonites , who were able to build their own church as early as 1693. Only under the Prussians from 1744 onwards were Catholics allowed to carry out baptisms, weddings and funerals themselves. In 1748 the Lutherans built their own church; In 1755 the Catholic Dionysius Church was completed.
Although the majority of the population was always Catholic, the Reformed dominated the city. All public offices down to night watchman were held by Reformed people. The social structure of the denominations could be reduced to a simple common denominator: the Mennonites had the money, the Reformed the shots and the Catholics the work.
It was different in Uerdingen . Due to the city's uninterrupted membership of the Archdiocese of Cologne, it remained Catholic even during the Reformation. All Catholic parishes in today's urban area belonged to the Archdiocese of Cologne until 1802 ( secularization ). After its dissolution, the parishes came to the diocese of Aachen , which was however already abolished again in 1821/1825, so that they came again to the re-established Archdiocese of Cologne from 1821, but the former glory Hüls and Benrad came to the diocese of Münster . Krefeld became the seat of a deanery. In 1930 all parishes in the entire area were assigned to the newly established diocese of Aachen. The dean's office in Krefeld was divided into the three dean's offices center, south and east. Today all parishes in the city of Krefeld belong to the deaneries center, east, Bockum / Oppum, west, south and northwest within the "Krefeld region", which includes other areas outside of Krefeld. The main church of the city of Krefeld is the parish church of St. Dionysius . Other churches are St. Andreas , St. Anna , St. Antonius , St. Bonifatius , Christ the King , St. Clemens , St. Cyriakus , St. Elisabeth , St. Elisabeth of Thuringia , St. Franziskus, St. Gertrudis , Holy Guardian Angels , St. Heinrich , Herz-Jesu Königshof , Herz-Jesu Bockum , St. Hubertus , St. Johann Baptist , St. Josef Krefeld-Mitte , St. Josef Krefeld-Nordwest , Liebfrauenkirche , St. Karl Borromäus , St. Margareta , St. Assumption of the Virgin Mary , Maria Waldrast , St. Martin , St. Michael , St. Norbertus, St. Paul , Pax-Christi , St. Peter , St. Pius X. , St. Stephan and St. Thomas More .
With the transition to Prussia, the Protestant parishes of Krefeld belonged to the Rhenish provincial church of the Evangelical Church in Prussia . In 1947 the ecclesiastical province became an independent regional church as the Evangelical Church in the Rhineland . Krefeld became the seat of a superintendent , which later became the Krefeld church district (today Krefeld-Viersen) within the Evangelical Church in the Rhineland. The parishes were divided into several parishes or new parishes were created. Today's Krefeld-Viersen parish includes the Krefeld parishes and many parishes outside the city of Krefeld.
In Krefeld there are (as of around 2010) the following churches (in brackets the associated parish and, if known, the year of construction of the church): Old Church , Erlöserkirche and Johanneskirche (all parish in Alt Krefeld), Friedenskirche (Friedenskirchengemeinde, 1874), Pauluskirche (Pauluskirchengemeinde, 1900/1901), Luther Church (1904) and Markuskirche (both parish Krefeld Süd), Christuskirche (parish Krefeld Ost), Resurrection Church (parish Oppum), Lukaskirche , Thomaskirche and the Common House (ecumenical) in Elfrath (all parish north), Kreuzkirche (Parish of Hüls), Michaelskirche and Johanneskirche (both parish of Uerdingen).
In addition to the Mennonite congregation mentioned above, there are other free churches in Krefeld , including a Seventh-day Adventist congregation, a congregation of the Apostolic Community , an Evangelical Free Church ( Baptist ) congregation , a Free Evangelical congregation and the Salvation Army . Together with the Roman Catholic Church and the Protestant Churches, they are members of the Working Group of Christian Churches (ACK), as well as the Old Catholic Parish , the Greek Orthodox Holy Spirit Church and the Russian Orthodox St. Barbara Church .
The Christian Community and the New Apostolic Church are also based in Krefeld.
Jews
According to the order of the Jewish communities from the Napoleonic period , Krefeld was the most important Jewish community in the Rur department . The consistory , the administration of all communities in the department, was based in Krefeld. As chief rabbi , the Krefeld rabbi was responsible for a wide area from Kleve in the north to Cologne in the south. The Jewish community in Krefeld also had a special position because it did not represent the only minority in the city. At the beginning of the 1930s, about 1,600 Jews, about one percent of the population, lived in Krefeld, including the Hüls district that was later incorporated. The tendency was rather downward as the younger people migrated to larger cities, especially to Berlin . There were synagogues and prayer houses in Krefeld-Mitte, Fischeln, Hüls, Linn and Uerdingen . There was and is a Jewish cemetery . Successful merchants and academics of Jewish origin were largely socially accepted, especially if the families had lived in Krefeld for several generations. Nonetheless, anti-Semitic attacks also occurred in Krefeld from the mid-1920s, which culminated in the November pogrom in 1938 . By 1939 half of Krefeld's Jews had emigrated or fled from Germany. At least 737 Krefeld Jews were murdered during the National Socialist era .
The Jewish community of Krefeld stretches from Krefeld to Kleve today . In 1980 it had around 130 members, and in 2010 there were 1,200. Most of them come from Eastern Europe and immigrated to Germany after the fall of the Iron Curtain . In July 2005 the foundation stone was laid for the construction of a new synagogue on Wiedstrasse in the eastern city center; it was opened on September 14, 2008. On May 1, 2007, Yitzhak Mendel Wagner became a rabbi, the first rabbi since the Shoah .
Muslims
About 25,000 Muslims live in Krefeld , around 11 percent of the Krefeld population. Most of them came to the velvet and silk city from Turkey , mainly as guest workers , from the 1960s on and found a new home here. Krefeld Muslims come together in eight mosques and pray, eat, celebrate and mourn together. The Merkez Mosque is the first mosque of the Krefeld Muslims and was founded in 1974 by the association “Islamische Gemeinschaft Krefeld e. V. “founded. The congregation initially had its premises on Spinnereistraße, later the house of prayer moved to Gerberstraße. The mosque was finally built in 1988 after the old Deutsche Bank hall on Viersenerstrasse had been converted. The Merkez Mosque is the only mosque that is independent and does not belong to any major umbrella organization. Since summer 2016, the Yunus Emre mosque community in Stahldorf has had a silent minaret that reflects the history of mosque construction. The 25 m high minaret is not intended as a platform for a muezzin. The African mosque is the youngest place of prayer in the Lehmheide district. There is also a Muslim cemetery on Lake Elfrather.
The Krefeld Muslims came together under the umbrella organization “Union of Turkish and Islamic Associations in Krefeld and Surroundings”. V. (UNION) ”together. The UNION is an association of currently 16 associations from different areas, which has an area of activity of 25,000 to 30,000 people. In addition to the mosque communities in Krefeld, sports, educational and women's clubs are also represented in the UNION. It was launched in 1993 as the only one of its kind on a nationwide basis. In Krefeld, the UNION is the central point of contact for most of the Turkish and Islamic population. The voluntary board consists of the representatives of the member associations, who are elected for a two-year period.
Others
There is also a Buddhist center in the city center.
politics
At the head of the old village of Krefeld there was initially a bailiff who acted on behalf of the counts. After the town was given town rights in 1373, the lay judges headed the town administration. They were later joined by mayors and councilors. In the 15th century people in common also took part in the city administration as representatives of the citizens. Aldermen, mayors and common people later formed the magistrate . From 1738 the magistrate became permanent. It consisted of four mayors, a lay judge, a secretary and three people in common. After 1740 the magistrate was a royal authority of the state of Prussia, to which Krefeld already belonged at the time. During the French period, the municipal constitution was introduced in 1800. Krefeld became the capital of a canton with a mayor at its head. There was also a municipal council. In 1845 the Rhenish Rural Community Code and in 1856 the Rhenish City Code were introduced. After that, a mayor headed the city administration, and there was still a council.
In Uerdingen there was a council and several mayors after the town was raised in 1255 (first mentioned in 1317). A bailiff from Liedberg and Uerdingen, Knight Rembodo von Budberg, is mentioned as early as 1297. Through the "Drei Uerdinger Weisthümer" from 1454, the independent jurisdiction with lay judges and mayor is occupied. From 1648 there was only one mayor. Alt-Uerdingen was four times the size of Alt-Krefeld. For centuries, the city on the Rhine was larger and more important than the neighboring city of Krefeld as a trading and transhipment point and as the northern customs town of the Diocese of Cologne. During French times, Uerdingen also became the seat of a canton headed by a mayor. In Prussian times a mayor ran the city. Since 1856 Uerdingen belonged to the district of the Rhenish town order. After the merger of the two cities into a special purpose association, there was a Lord Mayor for the new independent city of Krefeld-Uerdingen on the Rhine as well as a Mayor for the two independent municipalities, districts of Krefeld and Uerdingen. The mayor of Uerdingen was on an equal footing with the mayor of Krefeld-Uerdingen am Rhein. The structure of the umbrella community Krefeld-Uerdingen am Rhein is unique in German local government law and has thus gone down in history.
51 ° 20 ′ 23 ″ N , 6 ° 32 ′ 42 ″ E
During the time of the National Socialists , the Lord Mayor and the Mayor of Uerdingens were appointed by the NSDAP . After World War II , the Military Government of the British Occupation Zone appointed a new Lord Mayor, and in 1946 it introduced the British-style municipal constitution. Then there was a “city council” elected by the citizens, whose members are called “city councilors”. The council initially elected the mayor from among its members as chairman and representative of the city, who was active on a voluntary basis. Furthermore, from 1946 the council also elected a full-time senior city director as head of the city administration. In 1999 the dual leadership in the city administration was given up. Since then there has only been the full-time mayor. He is chairman of the council, head of the city administration and representative of the city. He was elected directly by the people for the first time in 1999. The Lord Mayor is Frank Meyer (SPD).
Mayor since 1848 and Lord Mayor since 1945
|
|
City directors 1946–1999
- 1946–1949: Johannes Stepkes , CDU
- 1949–1964: Bernhard Heun
- 1964–1986: Hermann Steffens
- 1986–1988: Alfred Dahlmann
- 1988–1999: Heinz-Josef Vogt
Results of mayoral elections (since 2004)
| 2004 | 2009 | |
|---|---|---|
| Gregor Kathstede (CDU) | 44.43% | 39.59% |
| Ulrich Hahnen (SPD) | 34.21% | 39.12% |
| Harry van Bargen (Green) | 8.73% | 9.16% |
| Joachim C. Heitmann (FDP) | 7.70% | 7.25% |
Results of city council elections (since 2004)
| SPD | CDU | GREEN | FDP | The left | Others | voter turnout | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| September 26, 2004 | 28.64% | 42.45% | 12.65% | 9.13% | - | 7.13% | 48.44% |
| August 30, 2009 | 30.70% | 35.54% | 14.44% | 10.21% | 3.70% | 5.41% | 48.78% |
| May 25, 2014 | 34.7% | 33.7% | 11.2% | 6.4% | 4.6% | 9.4% | 45.2% |
Allocation of seats in the city council (since 2004)
| SPD | CDU | GREEN | FDP | The left | AfD | PIRATES | UWG / FW | The party | KB | KWG | KK | KK / UKB | Fractional / groupless | total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 18th | 25th | 8th | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | 2 | - | - | 3 | 1 | 62 |
| 2009 | 18th | 21st | 8th | 6th | 2 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | 58 |
| 2014 | 20th | 20th | 6th | 4th | 3 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - | 58 |
After the local elections in 2004, some members of the council coalition of the CDU and FDP resigned. Lord Mayor Kathstede no longer had a majority of the seats in the city council.
MP for Krefeld
Ansgar Heveling (CDU), who was elected by direct mandate, has been a member of the German Bundestag for the constituency of Krefeld I - Neuss II since 2013 . Kerstin Radomski (CDU) has represented the Bundestag constituency Krefeld II - Wesel II as a direct candidate since 2017 . The Krefeld Otto Fricke (FDP) and Ulle Schauws (Greens) moved into the Bundestag via the state lists of their parties.
Directly elected members of the North Rhine-Westphalian state parliament are Britta Oellers (CDU) in the southern constituency I - Viersen III and Marc Blondin (CDU) in the northern constituency II in the 16th electoral period (since 2017) .
Indebtedness
The total debt of the City of Krefeld at the end of 2017 was 870 million euros. Each resident is thus in debt with 3,864 euros.
For the 2014 budget year, the city of Krefeld has estimated a budget surplus in ordinary income and expenses (including financial income and expenses) of EUR 1.3 million (EUR 6 per inhabitant) in the overall result plan. The city of Krefeld is thus (along with Düsseldorf and Münster ) one of only three independent cities in North Rhine-Westphalia that did not show a budget deficit in the overall result plan in 2014.
City arms
- for the history and further information see coat of arms of the city of Krefeld
The city coat of arms approved by a ministerial decree of July 3, 1950 was designed by the heraldist Wolfgang Pagenstecher . The split shield shows in front in silver Saint Dionysius of Paris with a halo and red regalia , the bishop's staff in his right hand, the severed head in his left, at his feet a golden shield with a black bar, behind in blue over a red divided field two turned away golden keys, accompanied by silver shields with black bar crosses. The severed head of St. Dionysius, who in the third century became the first bishop of Paris and later the Franconian national saint, hints at his martyrdom. The Moers coat of arms at his feet reminds of the earlier affiliation of the city and glory of Krefeld to the county of Moers.
The rear part of the city coat of arms shows the coat of arms of the city of Uerdingen, which is first documented in the city seal in 1314. The shields of the Electorate of Cologne in the coat of arms of Uerdingen indicate the rule of the Archdiocese of Cologne over the city of Uerdingen and at the same time symbolize the affiliation of some parts of the old Linn-Uerdingen office to today's urban area.
City colors
The colors of the city of Krefeld are black and gold . The colors of necessity are blue and red .
Town twinning
| City partnerships: | |
|---|---|
|
Venlo in the Netherlands, since 1964 |
|
Leicester in Great Britain, since 1969 |
|
Dunkirk in France, since 1974 |
|
|
Leiden in the Netherlands since 1974 |
|
Charlotte in the US since 1986 |
|
Oder-Spree district in Brandenburg, since 1990 |
|
Ulyanovsk in Russia, since 1993 |
|
Kayseri in Turkey since May 2008 |
The Dutch border town of Venlo was Krefeld's first official twin town. The town twinning was officially established in 1964, even if contacts between the Krefelders and the neighbors from Venlo were already cultivated before the Second World War. The best-known achievement of the partnership is the annual visit of the " Sinterklaas " (Nikolaus), who with his Zwarte Pieten always moored on the first Advent at the Rhein-Steiger in Uerdingen and is received by an enthusiastic audience.
On May 14, 1969, the English city of Leicester became a twin town. There have been numerous contacts between the two cities for years. Visits are organized on a regular basis in the fields of culture, politics and sport. Apprentices from the Krefeld city administration and apprentices in the craft sector use the opportunity of an internship abroad in the twin city.
The French town of Dunkirk has been a twin town since June 15, 1974. The town twinning is maintained by athletes, schools and those interested in languages, among others.
Shortly thereafter, on October 3, 1974 , Leiden became Krefeld's twin town. Like Krefeld, Leiden in southern Holland is a traditional textile city.
Charlotte in the American state of North Carolina has been Krefeld's twin town since May 23, 1986. One of the focal points of the partnership is youth exchanges: through the Concord Society, young people from Krefeld regularly visit Charlotte and young Charlotteans in the silk city.
The Oder-Spree district (then Beeskow district ) has been a partner of the city of Krefeld since September 22, 1990 . With the establishment of a “Krefeld office”, the city of Krefeld provided the district with active support in establishing local self-government. Today, schools, choirs and parties, among others, maintain contacts with the Oder-Spree district.
The penultimate town twinning was concluded on May 19, 1993 with the Russian Ulyanovsk . The partnerships in Lenin's birth town are maintained by the German-Russian Society, the municipal works, the Krefeld Clinic and church and social associations.
Furthermore, the city of Krefeld maintains a friendly relationship with the Japanese city of Hamamatsu .
In May 2008 Krefeld entered into a partnership with the Turkish city of Kayseri .
Sponsorship
In 1953 Krefeld sponsored the city and the district of Insterburg in East Prussia . Since 1979 there has been an office of the association and the Insterburger Heimatstube in the old Uerdingen town hall . A bear sculpture by Anneliese Langenbach stands on Insterburger Platz in the Gartenstadt district as a symbol of the Insterburger heraldic animal.
Public institutions and education
Krefeld is the seat of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (IHK) Mittlerer Niederrhein - corporation under public law , whose chamber district includes the independent cities of Krefeld and Mönchengladbach as well as the Rhine district of Neuss and the district of Viersen . The German Fashion Institute has been located in Krefeld since 2004 . Furthermore, the Geological Service of North Rhine- Westphalia and the Chemical and Veterinary Investigation Office Rhein-Ruhr-Wupper are located here. A district court , a regional court and a labor court have their seat in Krefeld.
In Krefeld there are 31 primary schools, four secondary schools, six secondary schools, ten grammar schools, seven comprehensive schools, four vocational colleges and seven special schools.
Krefeld is also the headquarters of the Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences . It was founded in 1971 through the merger of 13 technical and engineering schools . The departments of chemistry, design, electrical engineering and computer science, mechanical and process engineering, industrial engineering and health care are located in Krefeld. Further departments of this university are located in Mönchengladbach.
The Medicoreha Welsink Academy , with its state-approved technical schools for physiotherapy and occupational therapy , conducts practical training for 450 trainees at the Königshof Clinic. Furthermore, the medicoreha Welsink Academy cooperates with the Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences so that the trainees can take the "Applied Therapy Sciences" course.
Healthcare
The largest hospital in Krefeld is the Helios Klinikum Krefeld (founded in 1845) with a total of 1,193 beds (as of 2017). Other hospitals in the Krefeld city area are the Alexianer Hospital (founded in 1863), the Maria Hilf Hospital (founded in 1913) and the St. Josef Hospital (founded around 1380).
Culture and sights
dialect
Krefeld dialect is spoken in Krefeld. The Krefelders call this language Krieewelsch or Krieewelsch- Platt , a dialect of southern Lower Franconia . In the Krefeld districts, e.g. B. Fischeln , Oppum or Hüls and Uerdingen (Oeding'sch Platt) there are sometimes considerable linguistic differences. The dialect of the district of Hüls , north of the important Uerdinger line with the “ik / I border” - the Hölsch Plott (Hülser Platt) - already belongs to the northern Lower Franconian language area.
theatre
The Stadttheater Krefeld has been cooperating with the Mönchengladbach municipal theaters since 1950 and offers modern and classical performances from opera, operetta, ballet and drama. The symphony concerts of the Lower Rhine Symphony Orchestra have made a name for themselves beyond the borders of Krefeld. Today's theater building (architect: Gerhard Graubner (1899–1970)) with its striking copper roof was opened in 1963; it offers space for 832 visitors (details in the article United City Theaters of Krefeld and Mönchengladbach ).
Since 1989, the old Heeder wallpaper factory on Virchowstrasse, opposite the rear of the main train station , has been used as the city's cultural center under the direction of the Krefeld City Cultural Office. It offers a diverse cultural program. Among other things, the KRESCH - Children's and Youth Theater Center of the City of Krefeld - brings its own productions and guest performances here.
The Krefeld living room theater PODIO offers productions from the fields of theater, cabaret, cabaret, comedy, literature and music. With around 60 seats, the living room theater was Krefeld's smallest stage. Since 2013, it has only been a guest in various Krefeld institutions, as the living room theater had to be closed due to the space required by the adjacent Königshof brewery. Well-known events of the PODIO include the Krefeld mulled wine cabaret or the laugh blossoms , which take place every year in the botanical garden.
The Marionette Theater Krieewelsche pappköpp , which has existed since 1979, offers cabaret in Krefeld dialect ( Krieewelsch ).
The Theater am Marienplatz ( TAM ) enjoys its reputation in the field of modern and experimental music. It has specialized in little-known as well as contemporary works for nearly 30 years of continuous work.
The KulturPunkt-Friedenskirche Krefeld offers an international cultural program with well-known artists all year round. Exhibitions, concerts, readings, cabaret and much more take place in the parish hall and church as well as in the tower.
The Werkhaus Krefeld e. V. has been a traditional promoter of culture and communication in Krefeld for over 20 years with its program (further education, culture). Its affiliated factory stage offers a wide range of programming in terms of cabaret, cabaret, theater and music.
nightlife
Live music
Culture factory
In the Kulturfabrik, or KuFa for short , there are live performances by bands and solo artists, cabaret artists, comedians as well as theater groups and small artists all year round; the spectrum of the previous guests ranges from the doctors and the Beatsteaks , Monster Magnet to Dieter Nuhr and Herbert Grönemeyer to Helge Schneider , Harald Schmidt and Klee . The Kulturfabrik is known nationally and internationally through regular festivals, especially in the electro and rhythm-'n'-noise area (Pluswelt festivals). There are also regular theme parties (80s, 90s, etc.). The culture factory has two halls, a small one for 350 visitors and a larger one for around 1100. It is housed in a part of the old city slaughterhouse.
Culture ramp
The culture ramp has established itself on the wholesale market since 2006 and complements the flair in the old wholesale market halls alongside restaurants, artists and the traditional wholesale market. Up to 15 live events take place per month. Over 879 artists have performed there in seven years.
Jazz cellar
Known beyond the borders of Krefeld is the Jazzkeller Krefeld , which has existed since 1958 and is now on Lohstrasse. Some jazz greats and various bands, most of which can be classified as blues, jazz or rock, have performed here. The JazzAttack event, an organized jam session with well-known musicians from the German jazz scene as well as a few international guests, takes place regularly .
slaughterhouse
In the slaughterhouse there are regular parties, Funkhaus Europa events and open mic events.
Traffic Club
The Traffic Club - an earlier milestone - is located directly at the main train station and consists of a main station, the boiler and an outdoor area. Here you can dance to house, black, pop & chart hits.
movie theater
A multiplex cinema of the CinemaxX chain with its ten projection halls is located right next to the main train station. After the construction of the Cinemaxx, the Passage movie theater with the cinemas Royal, Studio 55, Chrystal and Passage and the miniature Hollywood cinemas were closed. The atrium became today's Blue Movie as early as the 1970s . A few years ago the silk thread with the intimate had to give way to the new building of the Dresdner Bank . The Cinema / Casablanca (formerly Primus and Lux) was the only other cinema to withstand the competition thanks to an alternative program in two halls, before it traded as Cinema in 2011 with only one hall . It has been named Primus Palast since 2013 .
Museums and galleries
Art museums Krefeld
The Krefeld art museums are particularly dedicated to modern and contemporary art . The Kaiser Wilhelm Museum on Joseph-Beuys-Platz serves as the exhibition building. Furthermore, the museum with the villa ensemble Haus Lange and Haus Esters on Wilhelmshofallee has presentation locations for special exhibitions.
Kaiser Wilhelm Museum
The building of the Kaiser Wilhelm Museum goes back to the school councilor Hermann Keussen . After the Emperor's death in 1888, he took up a suggestion by the architect Hugo Koch to build a Kaiser Wilhelm Museum "for the maintenance of works of peace, art, education and morality". The museum was built in 1894–1897 based on plans by Hugo Koch and inaugurated on September 5, 1899.
The museum was expanded as early as 1910–1912. While the focus was initially on modern arts and crafts, since 1922 this has shifted more to the fine arts. In 1942 the museum was closed due to the war; it survived the war undamaged. Contemporary art became more and more important after the war. 1960 to 1969 the museum closed for renovation work and was reopened on April 30, 1969.
Between 2012 and 2016, the house was renovated again and equipped in accordance with international museum standards for climate and safety.
House Lange / House Esters
Museum Haus Lange on Wilhelmshofallee was built in the Bauhaus style between 1928 and 1930 by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe as a home for the family of Hermann Lange (director of the United Silk Weaving Mills, Krefeld) . In 1955 the family made the house available to the city for exhibitions of current art. In 1968 the son of the client and art collector donated the house to the city on the condition that it would host exhibitions of contemporary art for 99 years. In 1976 the city of Krefeld was able to acquire the neighboring Esters house. It was also built by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe between 1928 and 1930. In 1981, Museum Haus Esters was opened as a further exhibition institute for temporary exhibitions of contemporary art. Both houses were extensively renovated between 1998 and 2000. In the course of Euroga 2002+, the gardens were also able to be brought back to their original state two years later. The two houses are themselves to be seen as a museum for architectural history.
Museum Center Burg Linn
Burg Linn Castle, The Hunting Castle and the Lower Rhine Landscape Museum are summarized under the umbrella term Museum Center Burg Linn .
At Linn Castle , which dates back to the 12th century , a polygonal round castle, one of many castle types in Kurköln, exhibitions on the origins of the castle and the life there at that time are shown.
The hunting lodge in the Baroque is in the fore-castle area of the castle Linn. It was built in the 18th century for Elector Clemens August . You can see contemporary inventory from two centuries and a collection of mechanical musical instruments, which are demonstrated on Sundays. Particularly noteworthy is the mechanical carillon with bells made of Meissen porcelain on the front of the castle, which plays a melody every hour.
The Lower Rhine Landscape Museum shows finds from the Roman and Franconian burial grounds in Gellep and the former Castell Gelduba there . Among other things, the famous princely grave of the Franconian prince Arpvar with his spangenhelm made of gold can be visited. There are also other exhibits on the history of the area as well as a 13th century Rhine barge that was recovered in 1972 during dredging work at the Rheinhafen, which, after having been bathed in a special wood protection solution for over 30 years, is now on display in a specially built hall.
Other museums
The German Textile Museum in Linn is one of the most important international collections with historically valuable textiles and clothing from different eras. The collection includes over 25,000 objects from all over the world. The variety of exhibits ranges from antiquity to the present. However, not all textiles are available to the public.
The House of Silk Culture is located in the former Hubert Gotzes parament weaving mill. In 2000 it was set up as a museum. In addition to changing exhibitions on technology, arts and crafts, jacquard looms that are more than 100 years old can also be viewed in the industrial monument .
literature
The city's literary life experienced an upswing from around 1970. The book printer and former gallery owner Klaus Ulrich Düsselberg contributed to this. He was the founder of the literary workshop , the Sassafras publishing house and the magazine "Literatur in Krefeld" (later renamed "Literatur am Niederrhein"). He also organized numerous readings with regionally and nationally known writers in the literature series at Herbst Pitt and literature in the Kaiser Wilhelm Museum . In 1992, Düsselberg handed over the reading organization to the writer and literary scholar Thomas Hoeps, who continued it under the name of Lesungen in Krefeld until 2004 and added further series (including literature from the Nieder (Rhine) land , downstream in the Südbahnhof). He also developed the first German-Dutch literature festival Literarischer Sommer / Literaire Zomer, which takes place annually to this day (as of 2013) .
The other bookstore , the media library and the adult education center offer regular literary events . The Krefeld Krimi-Tage take place every autumn . Performative literature in the form of poetry slams also regularly finds its place in Krefeld. Since the beginning of 2008 there has been a monthly poetry contest in the “Jules Papp” restaurant, in autumn 2019 the series changed locations and moved to the Kulturfabrik. There has also been a poetry slam in Krefeld-Fischeln since 2014. The series of poetry slams will be moderated by Johannes Floehr , who writes and reads himself and won the “Compete” award for young people in 2014 from the Heinrich Heine Institute. In addition, he headed the “SchreibTisch” writing workshop regulars' table, where young Krefeld authors exchanged ideas about their work.
Since 1992, the city of Krefeld has awarded the Lower Rhine Literature Prize, endowed with € 5000, annually to regional authors whose works refer to the Lower Rhine.
In 1998 Eva Brües, daughter of the Krefeld writer Otto Brües, the art historian and former director of the Rheydt Castle Museum, agreed a later donation to the city in order to found the Niederrheinisches Literaturhaus der Stadt Krefeld - Brües-Haus . After the death of Eva Brües in 2009 and renovations, the Niederrheinisches Literaturhaus was opened on June 20, 2012 and has been run by the municipal culture office ever since.
The nationally known writers who were born or grew up in Krefeld include Hansjürgen Bulkowski , Herbert Genzmer , Bernhard Hennen , Henning Heske , Thomas Hoeps , Andreas Mand , Ulrich Peltzer , Matthias Schamp , Frank Schmitter , Elke Schmitter , Eckard Sinzig and Liesel Willems .
Krefeld also has a scene of poets and writers in the local southern Lower Franconian dialects .
There is a literary vending machine in Café Lentz .
music
The musical life of the city of Krefeld has a tradition that can be traced back to the 18th century, which has its roots in the affluent, music-interested middle class. Musical life experienced a particular heyday until the Nazi era (own conservatory, active musicians' association, own music theater and municipal orchestra). After the Second World War, there was a reorientation. A music school replaced the conservatory; Music theater and orchestra were merged with that of neighboring Mönchengladbach at the beginning of the 1950s . The orchestra was initially called the “Orchestra of the United Stages Krefeld / Mönchengladbach” until it was renamed “Niederrheinische Sinfoniker” in the 1990s. Some conductors who later became famous (e.g. Lothar Zagrosek , Yakov Kreizberg ) started their international careers in Krefeld / Mönchengladbach.
Choral music has a special place in Krefeld. Christoph Dohr lists over 100 male, mixed and church choirs in his Krefeld music history of the 20th century. The activities of several church musicians, e.g. B. Andreas Cavelius, Reinhold Birk, Hartmut Sennlaub, Dieter Schulte-Bunert, Hans Heinrichs, Ulrich Stuers, Norbert Jachtmann supplement (te) n the urban musical life with their own concert series. There were also privately organized concerts and concert series.
Currently, musicians such as the indie rock band Fog Joggers , the German-speaking singer / songwriter Patrick Richardt , the members of the so-called Mondoversum or songwriter Steven Hein (see N-1 , jointly responsible for the first two "Krefeld 8ung" samplers) are shaping up ) the city's musical culture.
The indie bands M. Walking on the Water and Dear Wolf from Krefeld and the ska formation The Braces are or were known nationwide. The co-founder and mastermind of the world-famous electrical band Kraftwerk , Ralf Hütter, also comes from the city. The speed metal band Blind Guardian is still active and known worldwide .
The music school of the city of Krefeld was founded in 1934 as a folk music school by Helmut Mönkemeyer . The music school is located in three buildings, which are located in and on the Sollbrügenpark. She is a member of the Association of German Music Schools e. V.
Buildings
Like many cities in the Rhineland, Krefeld suffered considerable damage in the war. On June 21, 1943, a British air raid sparked within the area bombing directive a firestorm that large parts of northern and eastern city of Krefeld destroyed. In contrast, there was only comparatively little damage in the southern and western inner city and the outskirts.
Due to the great wealth that the silk industry brought to the city in the past, Krefeld still has numerous historically significant buildings despite the war damage. In the Südstadt, the Weststadt and the eastern districts in particular, entire streets with their magnificent facades from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries have been preserved. Alexanderplatz, not far from the main train station, is an outstanding example of a closed ensemble of historicism in Krefeld. The area around Bismarckplatz, east of the city center, has a particularly high proportion of Art Nouveau buildings .
Some historical buildings that characterize the cityscape, including the Palais von der Leyen , the late Baroque House Floh and numerous churches , were exemplary rebuilt after the war. On the other hand, other significant buildings that had survived the war fell victim to the demolition frenzy of the 1960s and 70s. The water tower on Gladbacher Strasse and the Hotel Krefelder Hof on Ostwall are the biggest losses.
Many of the secular buildings that shape the cityscape of Krefeld's inner city are located on the four ramparts designed by the architect Adolph von Vagedes in the 19th century , which frame the inner city center. These include, for example
- on the Ostwall : the main post office building, the city theater , the Deutsche Bank office building, the Hansa-Haus and the main train station ,
- am Nordwall: the Krefeld District and Regional Court and the former Reichsbank building,
- on the Siegfried Line: the Krefeld town hall , the Kaiser Wilhelm Museum and the Buschhüter House,
- am Südwall: numerous representative residential buildings from the 19th century.
Krefeld is also considered the Bauhaus city of North Rhine-Westphalia. Over 25 Bauhaus architects worked in the city between the 1920s and 1960s. The Bauhaus houses Haus Esters and Haus Lange on Wilhelmshofallee were built between 1927 and 1930 by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe for the founders of the United Seidenwebereien AG (VerSeidAG) Hermann Lange and Josef Esters. Today the two houses are part of the Krefeld Art Museum (see: Museums and Galleries). Ludwig Mies van der Rohe also designed a master plan for the VerSeidAG company premises on Girmesgath. The modern Bauhaus architecture can be found in various buildings on the site. Mies van der Rohe built the so-called HE building (building for men's lining materials) and the shed hall of the dye works. His pupil Erich Holthoff built the gatehouse and the concierge, which can also be assigned to the Bauhaus architecture. Today these buildings belong to the Mies van der Rohe Business Park. In 1932 he was possibly involved in the design of another residential building that two of his employees realized: the Heusgen house on the Talring in the north of Krefeld.
The moated castle Burg Linn in the district of the same name is known beyond the borders of Krefeld . The castle began in the 12th century. Today it is accessible as a museum (see: Museums and Galleries). The historic town center of Linn with its numerous half-timbered houses is also worth seeing.
Haus Rath in the Elfrath district also dates back to the 12th century . The castle complex is considered to be the oldest secular building in Krefeld that has been preserved in its origins. Haus Rath is privately owned.
In the Hüls district you can find Hüls Castle , which has been restored in recent years and is now used for events and weddings.
The Geismühle , today located at the A57 motorway service station of the same name , was probably built as a watchtower for the Linner Castle in the 14th century. The tower first appeared as a mill in 1575. The mill has been completely restored since 2007 and is operational except for the millstone. When the weather is nice you can marvel at the sail-covered wings in the wind. In addition, two more tower windmills have been preserved in the Traar district , the Egelsbergmühle and the Elfrathmühle .
The Mennonite Church on Königstrasse was opened in 1696. The originally preserved portal on the back is historically valuable. It is the oldest cultural monument within the four walls.
The main Catholic parish church of St. Dionysius was built from 1753 to 1755 and is one of the landmarks of Krefeld. Due to the relocation of the construction site, it is not geosted . In 1769 it received a tower. From 1840 to 1844, due to the increasing number of residents, it was expanded to include a three-aisled transept according to plans by Cologne cathedral builder Ernst Friedrich Zwirner , and in 1894 it was given a new bell tower. Badly damaged in the war, it was repaired by 1954. In 1987 it was renovated. In the tower hangs a five-part chime from 1946 on cranked steel yokes. The bells were cast by the Bochum Association for Cast Steel Manufacture and have the chimes c 1 , es 1 , f 1 , g 1 and b 1 . Inside, the cycle of windows by the Krefeld glass painter Hubert Spierling is particularly worth seeing. In 2007 the church received a new organ from the Bonn organ manufacturer Klais .
The most famous building in Krefeld is the former city palace of the Von der Leyen family , which forms the core of today's town hall. It was built in 1794 in the style of Rhenish classicism . Because of the historical importance of this palace, this building can be seen as another landmark of the city. (See picture: politics)
Part of the music school is housed in the Sollbrüggen building. This old excursion castle belonging to a silk manufacturer is located in the middle of Sollbrüggenpark. The Greiffenhorst excursion palace in Greiffenhorstpark should also be mentioned. Today it is used as an exhibition space.
The municipal swimming pool on the road Neuss was the turn of the century the last century as the finest and most splendid baths of Germany. In 2000, after an earthquake damage, operations were stopped and the pool closed.
After the restoration, the former road traffic and district defense office on Westparkstraße has been shining in its old sandstone shine again since 2008. The listed ensemble from 1906 was built as part of a hussar barracks under Kaiser Wilhelm II . Today there is a health center and the Vera Beckers vocational college, right across from the Rheinlandhalle .
Krefeld Central Station is very centrally located at the "head" of the east wall . It was built in 1907 as a replacement for the too small and impractical predecessor and is one of the few large buildings in Krefeld that was hardly destroyed during the war (see picture: Infrastructure and Transport)
The Stadtwaldhaus Krefeld with the largest beer garden in North Rhine-Westphalia is located directly in the city forest and was completed in its current form in 1911. In 1959, it was able to withstand demolition plans that included a new building.
The Krefeld racecourse was built in 1912 according to the plans of the architect August Biebricher in the middle of the city forest. The racecourse with its Art Nouveau grandstands is very popular on racing days.
The Villa Merländer is the home of the merchant Richard Merländer who was murdered by the Nazis in the Treblinka extermination camp because of his Jewish beliefs . It contains wall paintings by Heinrich Campendonk and is now a memorial for Nazi victims.
The houses of the Krefeld architect Karl Buschhüter , the so-called Buschhüter-Houses, immediately catch the eye because of their design. The houses in Kliedbruch, Lindenstrasse, Westwall, Bismarckplatz and Ritterstrasse are particularly noteworthy.
The silk weaver's house on Theaterplatz offers space for various events and was regularly booked out due to the high functionality of the building. It was already controversial when it was built and has been in deficit since it opened in 1976. According to a council resolution from November 2018, the building is to be demolished and the square then redesigned.
The Behnisch -Haus between Lohstrasse and Petersstrasse houses practices, retail spaces and restaurants.
The YAYLA-Arena, the former royal palace , is a multi-purpose hall built in 2004 . The hall replaced the neighboring Rheinlandhalle . It holds 8,000 visitors and is the venue for the Krefeld Pinguine ice hockey club . The hall was built not least because of the DEL championship of the KEV penguins in 2003.
Other notable structures
- St. Matthias in Hohenbudberg; preserved Romanesque church tower from the 12th century
- House Traar
- Evangelical Pauluskirche, built in 1901 according to a design by Ludwig Hofmann , destroyed in 1943, rebuilt in 1965
- Bockum town hall
- Grotenburg Stadium , home stadium of KFC Uerdingen 05
- High school at Moltkeplatz
- Sinn-Haus, a department store built in 1906
- Hansa-Haus, around 1907 Seidenbörse, after 1980 a hotel, since 2006 retirement home and seat of the Caritas Association for the Krefeld region
- Skyscraper on Dampfmühlenweg, also called the "Mississippi steamship" by the Krefeld people
- Mediothek am Theaterplatz, opened in 2008, was considered one of the most modern libraries in Germany
- Talring 153, home of the textile manufacturer Karl Heusgen, built in 1932 according to a design by the architects Rudolf Wettstein and Willi Kaiser
- Vogelsang , an approach based on the Bauhaus style country house on the Moylandstraße, 1949-1950 after a design by Bernhard Pfau built
- Zeughaus in Krefeld-Bockum
- Town house , built 1953–1956 based on a design by Egon Eiermann as an administration and storage building for VerSeidAG.
Monuments
The "Master Ponzelar" is a silk weaver monument on the south wall, corner of the east wall. This monument can be seen as a landmark of Krefeld (see picture: history)
The Kaiser Wilhelm statue originally stood in the stairwell of the Kaiser Wilhelm Museum , which at the time was designed and furnished as a memorial hall for Kaiser Wilhelm I. The larger than life statue made of Carrara marble , which the sculptor Gustav Eberlein had created, stood in a niche on one landing of the large flight of stairs . For the renovation of the museum from 1966–1969, the imperial monument was lifted from its pedestal and moved to the former hussar barracks . In 1979 the statue was retrieved and placed on the north side of the museum in the open, provisionally and without a base. It lingers there to this day.
The synagogue monument is located on Marktstrasse and Petersstrasse - where the synagogue stood until it was destroyed by the National Socialists .
In 2005, the Krefeld City Council under the leadership of the CDU, together with the Jewish community, rejected the relocation of the Stolpersteine to honor Nazi victims, including the Krefeld member of the Landtag Fritz Lewerentz , on the grounds that the names of the victims were constantly being trampled on would be kicked. After a successful referendum with around 15,500 signatures, a compromise was found: If the respective homeowners and the relatives of the victims agree, the stumbling blocks can be moved.
The puppet fountain with moving figures from the city's history is located on the median of the south wall, where the elevated road crosses it.
The more than 800 year old yew tree on Haus Rath is a protected natural monument and is considered the oldest tree in Krefeld's urban area.
freetime and recreation
Krefeld offers a variety of recreational opportunities. These range from simple cafes to recreational areas such as the city forest to the zoo . The Elfrather See invites you to swim or beach volleyball in summer. The city of Krefeld also has three indoor pools and several outdoor pools .
Krefeld parks
- see also Krefeld parks
Krefeld is rich in green and, according to its own information, is the second greenest city in Germany. This is evidenced by the large number of avenues and public green spaces, several parks and above all the Krefeld Stadtwald , a popular recreation and forest area near the center of Krefeld in the wider area of the city.
Krefeld took part in the Euroga 2002 plus project , the decentralized state horticultural show, and renovated a large number of its historic parks for this purpose. For this purpose, these were returned to their original form. Of the Krefeld parks alone, nine, namely Haus Esters and Haus Lange, Burgpark Linn, Greiffenhorstpark, Landschaftspark and Arboretum Heilmannshof, Schönwasserpark, Sollbrüggenpark, the Krefeld Stadtwald and Schönhausenpark were added to the street of garden art between the Rhine and Maas in 2004/2005 .
Most of the historic parks are donations from wealthy textile manufacturers. One of the most generous donors was the silk baron Friedrich Heinrich von Friedrich Freiherr von der Leyen . The benefactors did not create these parks entirely unselfishly, as they liked to visit these parks for excursions and picnics themselves. That is why almost every historical park has an excursion or hunting lodge or a pavilion that is supposed to commemorate the founder. The best examples are the Sollbrüggen house, which today serves as a music school , or the Greifenhorst house, which is used as an exhibition space. The Krefeld Zoo was also created from such an excursion park, the Grotenburg House today serves as a zoo restaurant and excursion bar. Krefeld also owes a lot in terms of green spaces to the mayor Johann Johansen, who promoted the creation of a Krefeld green belt during his tenure between 1911 and 1930.
The two main cemeteries also make a major contribution to public greenery.
Largest green spaces in Krefeld:
|
|
Botanical Garden
The botanical garden in Krefeld offers the visitor many exotic and native species in a well-kept area to look at. It is located on the edge of the Schönwasser Park in the Oppum district. As early as 1928, the botanical garden developed from a small school garden. Today around 5000 plant species grow here in scientific departments and themed gardens on an area of 3.6 hectares . Entry is free, except for special events.
Krefeld Zoo
The Krefeld Zoo was founded in 1938 and is now right next to the Grotenburg Stadium . It currently houses around 1300 animals from 225 different species on an area of 13 hectares . The special attractions include the animal-geographically structured bird tropical hall, the rainforest house opened in 1998, a bird free flight facility and other rare animal species. The monkeys tropical house, in which three ape species without discs or grid lived, was destroyed on the night of January 1, 2020 through a fire. The latest zoological attractions are the penguin pool (2014), the African savannah (2016) and the meerkat lodge (2017). The zoo also gained worldwide fame through the many years of successful breeding of snow leopards and black rhinos . Around 380,000 people visit the zoo every year.
Hülser Berg
The Hülser Berg is a scree mountain (terminal moraine ) formed in the last Ice Age , which is now completely forested and serves as a destination for excursions. The Hülser Bergschenke is located on the Hülser Berg. There is also an observation tower there, making it the highest point in Krefeld. The youth department organizes a soap box race every summer on the Hülser Berg . In the immediate vicinity of the Hülser Berg on the edge of the Hülser Bruch are the two artificially heaped elevations Inrather Berg , a dump made of rubble and war debris, and the former, now greened rubbish dump Kapuzinerberg .
Elfrather See
The Elfrather See recreational area in Uerdingen offers many opportunities for water sports and a swimming lake. The lake emerged from a gravel pit between the 1970s and 2000s. Competitions in sailing , rowing and windsurfing are held on the 2.3 km long regatta course . But divers , anglers , joggers , boat model builders and walkers also get their money's worth.
The Elfrather See is the venue of the rowing Bundesliga (by the Crefelder Ruder-Club 1883 eV).
Sports
Sport (overview)
Sport is very important in Krefeld. You can practice over 200 different sports in over 250 local sports clubs . In Krefeld there is at least one municipal sports facility in every district with an ash or grass soccer field and a running track. Krefeld has three public bathing establishments and several outdoor pools.
Many clubs have their origins in the old town of Uerdingen. There are five registered football sports clubs here alone . Including the 3rd division club KFC Uerdingen 05. This club celebrated its greatest football success in 1985 (at that time under the name FC Bayer 05 Uerdingen) with the DFB Cup victory, which for the first time in Berlin, in the final of FC Bayern Munich defeated. The Bavarian corporation is of great importance in local sport . He supports several, mostly Uerdingen, sports clubs of various types of sport, which together have a membership of almost 18,000. He maintains several sports facilities of various kinds.
Ice hockey and ice sports, on the other hand, have a long tradition in Krefeld. At the end of the 50s and during the 60s, Krefeld had two clubs in the first ice hockey Bundesliga, newly founded in 1958, with the KTSV Preussen Krefeld and the Krefelder EV. Previously, Preussen Krefeld had won its first championship title in 1951. The ice hockey club Krefeld Pinguine is the best known representative of Krefeld sport. He plays in the DEL and was last able to secure the championship title in the 2002/03 season . See also: Ice hockey in Krefeld . There are three ice rinks, with the Royal Palace ( Yayla Arena from 2019 ) only being used by the Krefeld penguins . Krefeld became famous in figure skating through the multiple German champion Werner Rittberger , after whom the Rittberger jump is named.
The most successful sailing club in Germany is the sailing club Bayer Uerdingen SKBUe, with numerous national and international successes: 56 DM, 7 European Championship titles, 3 World Championship titles, more than 80 regatta successes, Olympic participation (5th place in London), multiple awarding of the anniversary cup.
The SV Bayer Uerdingen 08 and the swimming association Krefeld 1972 play water polo in the German Water Polo League . The SSF Aegir Uerdingen 07 was also first class for many years . The badminton department at SC Bayer 05 Uerdingen has won six titles as German team champions in 1993, 1994, 1995 (until then as FC Bayer 05 Uerdingen), 1998, 2002 and 2003.
For North Rhine-Westphalian standards, Krefeld is a stronghold with its three stick shooting clubs. The clubs Ski-Klub Uerdingen, EC Krefeld and Seidenstädter ES provide top teams from North Rhine-Westphalia for women, men and mixed.
In handball , the HSG Krefeld , a merger of the clubs DJK SV Adler Königshof 1919 (15th place, relegation) and SC Bayer 05 Uerdingen (8th place), who played in the third division of the West Season in the 2012/13 season, played a leading role Role. On May 19, 2020, the HSG announced that the parent club SC Bayer 05 Uerdingen will leave the syndicate and that the team will start under the name HSG Krefeld Niederrhein from the 2020/21 season. At the same time, the club will play home games in neighboring Moers. The aim is to strengthen handball in the Lower Rhine region. The TV Oppum became German field handball champions in 1931 (Deutscher Turngau) and 1966 and 1968. In tennis , Krefeld is represented in the 1st Bundesliga by the HTC Blau-Weiß Krefeld .
The Crefelder Hockey and Tennis Club was also successful in sport . He plays both on the field and in the hall in the hockey Bundesliga and was German field hockey champion in the 2005/2006 season and German indoor hockey champion in the 2006/2007 season.
In roller hockey , the women of the Hülser Sportverein each play in the 1st Bundesliga , and the men's team was also represented there.
In addition, the Crefelder Ruder-Club 1883 e. V. (CRC) is a nationwide known club that rows in the rowing Bundesliga and has already provided German champions several times
The women's team of the triathlon department of the Krefeld Canoe Club is represented in the 1st Triathlon Bundesliga .
The inline skater hockey club, "Skating Bears", multiple German and European champions, is the largest skater hockey club in Germany.
In Germany, the 1. MSC Strandkaiser.de Krefeld is so far the only registered club that practices the football variants futsal , footvolley and beach soccer .
The wheelchair dance department has existed in the TC Seidenstadt Krefeld since 1995 .
In addition, many world-class riders come from Krefeld. So the brothers Peter Schiergen (racing) and Heiner Schiergen (dressage). Krefeld houses the training camp of the Spanish team (Kornaue, trainer Jean Bemelmanns) and was the location for the training of the German Olympic team in eventing (Kühnen stable, rider Ralf Ehrenbrink). The racecourse in the Krefeld city forest is also used by renowned racing stables (Mäder / Hofer).
Sporting events
Every year in June, the SSV Krefeld-Gartenstadt organizes Germany's largest DHB Masters tournament in beach handball . 16 teams (8 women and 8 men teams) compete on the sand facility at Elfrather See for master points and for a place in the final of the German championship in Cuxhaven. Furthermore, the open city championships in beach handball take place from Thursday to Sunday, in which 42 men and women teams take part.
The SC Bayer 05 Uerdingen has been organizing the Krefeld Triathlon on Lake Elfrather in the Uerdingen district every year since 1988 .
In table tennis, SC Bayer 05 Uerdingen organizes the Bayer spring tournament, which is known far beyond the borders of Germany, one week after Easter in the Uerdinger Halle every year.
The TC Seidenstadt Krefeld hosted the German Latin Championship in 2011 .
Krefeld used to be a stronghold for athletics , with Hubert Houben , Hans Geister and Arnd Krüger as well as the relay teams of Preussen Krefeld and the CSV Marathon Krefeld among the most famous representatives of this sport. Well-known trainers were Otto Peltzer and Bert Sumser .
The annual St. Martinscross run has existed since 1972 , since 1996 sports enthusiasts have been meeting at the Krefeld Whitsun run for running , walking and handbiking in the city forest , with the entry fee for the disabled-friendly playgrounds campaign .
Regular events
A large number of regular events take place in Krefeld.
As usual in the Rhineland, the year begins with the "fifth season" and many carnival meetings of numerous societies. The Krefeld Rose Monday procession is the carnival highlight with around 180,000 spectators. Significantly older, the "foolish lindworm" has been moving to the Rhine city of Uerdingen since 1860. The day before, on Tulip Sunday, around 99,000 people attended the spectacle.
The Art of Eden is held in the Botanical Garden on the first weekend in May . Around 40 international artists present their sculptures in the blooming garden that has come to life.
At the same time, the Lower Rhine Pottbäckermarkt is coming up . The stands of around 120 ceramists from several countries stretch from the Rathausplatz via Karl-Wilhelm Straße to Theaterplatz. Around 50,000 visitors are counted every year.
On the second weekend in May, as in autumn, the Brödental fair takes place on the Sprödentalplatz with over 100 showmen.
Every year on Pentecost weekend will take place at the Burg Linn and the adjacent Linner the renowned Old Town flat market place. The medieval craft market is the largest craft market in Germany. Over 300 dealers now offer their goods here.
On the first weekend in September, the airfield festival takes place every two years with up to 10,000 visitors at the Krefeld-Egelsberg airfield . In addition to the aerobatic program, the organizing aviation clubs also offer family-friendly attractions.
A large number of events are offered as part of the Krefeld cultural summer , for example the jazz festival Jazz on a summer evening at Linn Castle. Regional jazz musicians and well-known jazz greats perform at the festival organized by the jazz club. Another event of the Krefeld cultural summer is the folklore festival (folk and world music festival) held on the last weekend of the summer holidays "free & outside" on the square at the old church. In late summer, the Bottermaat , a medieval craft market, takes place in the Hüls district .
From 1992 to 2014, Krefeld hosted the world's largest street fashion show every year in early autumn . Retailers , designers and manufacturers turned the center of the velvet and silk city into a large catwalk for a weekend . On large stages, models presented the latest trends in fashion and design to mostly more than 500,000 spectators. Music, moderation and special events complemented the exhibition. This event continues to this day in varying forms (Krefelder Laufmasche, Krefeld Fashionworld, Krefeld PUR). At the events, the city awards the recognized fashion marketing prize “ Die Goldene Seidenschleife ” every year and the German Tie Institute selects the “ Tie Man of the Year ”.
The Suedgang takes place in Krefeld on the 1st and 2nd Advent , an open studio day. The year will end with the Christmas market , which also opens in Advent . The stands extend from Dionysiusplatz over Rheinstrasse to Hochstrasse.
Furthermore, the retail sector organizes the so-called Krefeld Saturdays at non-specified intervals throughout the year . Thematic exhibitions, consultations and campaigns take place in many shops in the city center, but also in the pedestrian zone.
Markets
Krefeld was granted market rights in 1361 . The oldest trading place in Krefeld is the "Schwanenmarkt" , a place not far from Krefeld's oldest church, the "Old Church". The name comes from a fountain with a swan that was in the square. Nowadays, markets are no longer held here, but in 1971 the “Schwanenmarkt-City-Center” , a modern shopping center in the middle of the city center, was opened. The main entrance is on Schwanenmarkt.
In 1900 the Krefeld market hall was opened on Friedrichstrasse. 120 stands were housed in the magnificent hall. The hall was badly hit in World War II , but market operations resumed after makeshift repairs. 65 years later - in 1965, the market hall was history. It gave way to the new building of a department store . Also on Friedrichstrasse, near Gartenstrasse, a new market hall opened in the same year, although it only offered space for 25 dealers. In 1986 it finally closed after only a small pile of dealers remained and the property owner was planning a new building there.
In politics, the revival of the market hall tradition has been discussed again and again without result. In 2006 this topic took care of itself. The “Krefeld Stadtmarkt” was launched on a private initiative . Around the Behnisch-Haus every day, 20 permanent market feeders and additionally changing stands continue the market hall tradition, albeit without a hall.
Furthermore, there are now 17 weekly markets in the Krefeld city area. One of the largest markets takes place every Tuesday and Friday on the Westwall.
Culinary
Brewing art
Altbier has a long tradition in Krefeld. There used to be a large number of breweries with well-known names such as Tivoli, Wienges or Rhenania. Of the large number of breweries , however, only Gleumes survived, which is still not only brewing for the house itself in Krefeld. Gleumes also brews the beer for the reopened and equally traditional Krefeld brewery Herbst Pitt according to the original recipe.
The Rhenania brewery in Krefeld-Königshof was the last of the abandoned breweries. Rhenania Alt is now brewed by the Krombacher brewery in Kreuztal-Krombach. On the site of the former Rhenania brewery, the Königshof brewery was reopened in 2003 and has been brewing and selling beer under its own name since then and acts as a contract brewery for third-party brands.
Since 2018, the Nordbahnhof restaurant has been running its own brewery, where various types of beer are brewed and sold outside of the house in addition to serving.
The well-known “ Krefelder ” is usually a mixed drink made from Altbier and Cola. Originally, however, this meant the mixture of Alt with dark beer (malt beer). In the Krefeld area this beer is called "Alt-Schuss".
gastronomy
- The "Gasthof Korff - Zum Königshof" on Kölner Strasse is believed to be the oldest inn in Krefeld. Its origins go back to the "Großbeekerhof" in 1792, where many famous people descended from history, such as Napoleon Bonaparte in 1811 and King Friedrich Wilhelm III ten years later . of Prussia . Since this royal visit, the house has been allowed to use the nickname “royal court”. The name "Königshof" gave the district its name. The inn was named "Gasthof Korff" in 1869 by the owner of the same name at the time.
- The "Dachsbau" on Hubertusstrasse has been located in the same place since 1858 and today offers not only regional cuisine, but also 18 draft beers and another 25 bottled beers.
- In the “Nordbahnhof” on the Oranierring, the station for the historic Schluff steam train , there is a Rhenish restaurant in the old waiting room . The “Blue Wagon” was used for companies until the beginning of 2018, an old dining car on its own track at the station. At the beginning of 2018 this had to give way because the Nordbahnhof is building its own brewery on the site.
- The "Blue Angel" on Schwertstr. has been an institution in Krefeld for over 35 years and is very popular as a pub and restaurant with young people, students and fans of alternative gastronomy and culture.
Sweets
As early as 1863, the Dutch master baker Johann Wilhelm Gruyters was producing biscuits and other pastries on Petersstrasse. To this day, the company W. Gruyters has grown out of this small bakery, according to its own information the leading German pastry supplier in the communal catering market, especially for hospitals and canteens. Production is still taking place in the center of Krefeld, but has been on Tannenstrasse since 1940.
The diamond-shaped nougat pieces with a chocolate coating of the " Nappo " brand were sold by Dr. from 1925 until the plant was closed at the end of 2006. Helle produced in Krefeld.
The product of the company Dextro Energy is manufactured in its familiar form at Cargill (formerly Cerestar, before that Maizena ) in Krefeld-Linn.
Infrastructure and traffic
air traffic
The Krefeld-Egelsberg airfield is located in the Traar district . The special airfield is operated by the Krefeld-Egelsberg eV airfield community.
The former Krefeld-Bockum airfield was built from 1916 to 1918 and fell into the hands of the Belgian occupation after the end of the First World War. In 1926 the airfield in Bockum was reopened with regular Lufthansa service. 228 scheduled and 348 unscheduled flights took place in the first year. On February 24, 1945, the Bockum airfield was blown up, unless it had already been destroyed. After the end of the Second World War, the destroyed Krefeld-Bockum airfield was designated for agriculture and settlement by politicians. The Gartenstadt estate was then built on the site as a completely new district of Krefeld.
The Dusseldorf airport is about 20 km from Krefeld city center and is accessible via the A57 and A44 to reach.
shipping
In the Linn district is the port of Krefeld with a connection to the Rhine , with port facilities and a turning basin at the rear end. A historic swing bridge leads over the harbor entrance . The port and swing bridge are operated by Hafen Krefeld GmbH & Co.KG.
There is a landing stage in Uerdingen, the Uerdinger Steiger. Ships sometimes go here for day trips or river cruises. The White Fleet and the MS Calypso of the Phoenix shipping company dock regularly.
The Uerdinger Rhine front is 3.6 km long and was very important for the handling of goods in the old trading town. The Uerdinger shipyard received its present form mainly during the modernization building in 1887/1888. The Rhine front at Chempark Krefeld-Uerdingen is still used by Lanxess to unload and load various types of inland waterway vessels.
Rail transport
The Krefeld main station is located on the double-track electrified
DB Kursbuch route 425 on which the rail transport hourly of " Nier-Haard-Express " ( RE 42 ), and every half an hour the "Rhein-Niers train" ( RB 33 run), then that a supply of three trains per hour gives .
In addition to the main train station, there are train stations or stops on this route, Forsthaus , Krefeld-Oppum , Krefeld-Linn , Krefeld-Uerdingen and Krefeld-Hohenbudberg Chempark .
The runs between the main train station and the Oppum train station
from Kleve to Düsseldorf (KBS 495) parallel to the above connection. Here the “Niers-Express” ( RE 10 ) runs every half hour on weekdays and the “ Rhein-Münsterland-Express ” ( RE 7 ) runs every hour from Krefeld to Cologne (- Rheine ).
The closest ICE train stations are in Duisburg and Düsseldorf. The earlier importance of Krefeld as a railway junction declined after the closure of the large Hohenbudberg marshalling yard (on the route to Duisburg; formerly in Krefeld's urban area, today located directly behind the city limits) and the freight station east of the main train station, as well as after the long- distance passenger transport was largely abandoned . The KKROX Krefeld-Oppum repair shop , where ICE trains are serviced, is an important facility .
Transportation
Local public transport is served by four meter-gauge tram lines and numerous local and regional bus routes operated by the Krefeld SWK Mobil . In addition, the standard gauge U76 Stadtbahn line of the Rheinbahn connects the central Rheinstrasse transfer point with the state capital. Night buses also operate on weekends and public holidays. The Krefeld trolleybus also ran in the city between 1949 and 1964 .
For the entire public transport (public transport) falling within the true Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr (VRR) and collective space border of NRW fare .
Streets
- See also: Important streets and squares of Krefeld
The federal autobahn A 57 ( Cologne - Nijmegen ) runs through the city of Krefeld in a north-south direction , which crosses south of Krefeld at the Meerbusch junction with the A 44 ( Aachen - Kassel ) and north at the Moers junction with the A 40 Venlo - Dortmund .
Furthermore, the federal highways B 9 and B 57 run through Krefeld , which merge into the A 57 at the Krefeld-Zentrum junction . The B 288 begins in Krefeld, while the B 509 ends here.
The inner-city road network has a total length of 760 km, 370 km of which are marked as 30 km / h zones (136 zones). Krefeld is one of the few cities in North Rhine-Westphalia in which an extensive Tempo 30 zone regulation has been implemented: Between 1988 and 1998, the city designated all of its residential areas as "30 zones".
For the first time in Krefeld, the Krefeld pillows named after her were used to calm traffic.
bicycle
Krefeld has a high density of cyclists and bike shops, bike-friendliness is very important. More than 250 km of designated cycle paths as well as several one-way streets for cyclists in both directions and the chairmanship of the working group of cycle -friendly cities in North Rhine-Westphalia testify to this . The NiederRhein route runs through Krefeld . Furthermore, Krefeld is a start / destination of the Niederrheinischer Radwandertag .
The ADFC local association has an info shop on the southern edge of the city center. At the western end of the main train station there is a bicycle station with guarded parking and a repair service. The ADAC awarded Krefeld in its test: "Cycling in cities" 2004 with the grade "Good".
Historic steam train
One of the oldest private railways in Germany, which was founded in 1868, operates in Krefeld . This path is popularly known as silt . What is meant is the Lower Rhine word for " slipper ", the " silt ", reminiscent of the hissing sound of the steam locomotive . The silt was included in the list of monuments of the city of Krefeld.
Only one connection between St. Tönis and the Hülser Berg remains of the original route network . A museum railway has been running on this route since May 1, 1980 , every Sunday and public holiday between May and October with a stopover at the historic Krefeld Nordbahnhof. Bicycles can be carried in a luggage cart.
economy
Due to its development into a velvet and silk city, Krefeld's economy was predominantly one-sided towards the textile industry. With the umbrella community of the two cities of Krefeld and Uerdingen ( Krefeld-Uerdingen am Rhein ) in 1929, the economy in the city area expanded to include many important and well-known companies, among others. a. vehicle construction, metal construction, the vegetable oil industry and the chemical industry. After the decline of the textile industry in the 1970s, Krefeld's economy benefited from it. Industrial companies in the chemical industry (5.3% of employees), metal industry (5.2%), mechanical engineering (4.2%) and vehicle construction (4.1%). Despite everything, the textile industry still has a relatively high priority. In the course of structural change, however, the city has had to accept a significant decline in jobs in the last few decades (minus 19.3 percent in the period 1976–2009).
In 2016, Krefeld achieved, within the city limits, a gross domestic product of € 8.451 billion, making it 41st in the ranking of German cities by economic output . The GDP per capita in the same year was € 37,399 per capita (North Rhine-Westphalia: € 37,416 / Germany € 38,180). In 2017, around 133,300 people were employed in the city. The unemployment rate in December 2018 was 9.7% and thus well above the average for North Rhine-Westphalia of 6.4%.
Chemical industry
Due to its proximity to the Rhine, the chemical industry is particularly well represented in the Uerdingen district. Today around 8,000 employees work in the chemical industry and associated companies. With 5.3% of all employees, this area is the fifth strongest branch within the Krefeld economy.
Until the outsourcing of individual plants, the chemical group Bayer AG had its second largest and, when it was founded in 1877 by Edmund ter Meer, also its second oldest plant in Uerdingen . It was the foundation stone for today's Chempark Krefeld-Uerdingen, a chemical park on which around 40 different independent companies that mainly produce plastics are located on an area of 260 hectares . The operating company of the Chempark is Currenta GmbH und Co. OHG. BAYER AG no longer has a location in Uerdingen since 2017. In addition, Bayer gradually withdrew from the majority holdings in its subsidiaries located there, such as B. Currenta, Covestro or Lanxess out. Europe's only producer of castor oil and linseed oil derivatives , Alberdingk Boley GmbH , is located in the Uerdingen district . There are many other smaller companies in the chemical industry near the Rhine.
Another chemical company is Evonik's Krefeld plant , formerly Stockhausen GmbH. Evonik employs around 900 people in Krefeld on an area of 19.7 hectares. These produce a wide range of products in Krefeld. As the world market leader, the Evonik plant in Krefeld produces superabsorbents for the hygiene industry on the one hand, and skin protection products, skin care products and special polymers for agriculture, the cable and packaging industry and fire fighting on the other . In this segment, the products are among the market leaders in Europe. Henkel also has a fragrance center in Linn at the port. Here z. B. developed new fragrances. The Dreiring-Werk and its predecessors have been producing fine soap bars and similar products in the Rheinhafen since 1905.
Metal industry
From August Thyssen and other industrialists in 1900 were in the near neighboring community Fischeln a steel plant with a focus on tool steels built. With the incorporation of Fischeln in 1929, the city of Krefeld took over the great work. It developed into one of the largest Deutsche Edelstahlwerke AG plants in the city. The later ThyssenKrupp Nirosta GmbH on Oberschlesienstraße was taken over by the Finnish group Outokumpu in 2013 . The Krefeld plant of Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Specialty Steel (DEW) is located at the same location . ThyssenKrupp has been operating a newly built steel service center at the Krefeld port since 2010.
Electronics industry
After the decline of the Krefeld textile industry, companies from the electronics sector also settled in Krefeld, which process copper braids instead of threads made of silk. Despite the different materials, there are similarities in the processing of these products. These companies include the cable assembly company CiS electronic GmbH, which operates throughout Europe.
mechanical engineering
Mechanical engineering companies, primarily for textile machines, also settled there as suppliers for the many textile companies in the city. The decline of the textile industry in Krefeld, also due to the growing competition from the Far East, therefore drew many mechanical engineering companies with it, including well-known names such as Zangs . Jagenberg is a still existing textile machine building company .
However, many companies did not survive the crisis in the metalworking industry at the end of the 1970s. Examples include: Becker & van Hüllen, Reining Werkzeugtechnik (Lenzen Fräser), Peltzer & Ehlers and, later, the boiler manufacturer Koerver & Lersch.
Andritz Küsters, which emerged from the textile machine manufacturer Küsters in 2006, now manufactures systems for nonwovens and paper production. On the other hand, Volkmann, a company belonging to the Swiss Saurer Group, which manufactures twisting machines, is still active in textile machine construction. WUMAG texroll in Linn manufactures stainless steel cylinders, textile dryers, rollers and machines for the textile, paper and plastics industries. The Siempelkamp Group is a manufacturer of machines and systems, in particular press systems for the wood processing and rubber industries. The casting technology division produces u. a. Container body for the castor container .
Vehicle construction and repair
Another important branch of industry is rail vehicle construction. The Uerdingen wagon factory founded in Uerdingen (Casino) in 1898 , later part of DUEWAG, produced the Uerdingen rail bus , among other things . Today the Siemens Mobility plant is one of the most modern rail vehicle production facilities in Europe. Only passenger trains have been built here since the 1990s. The Uerdingen plant is considered the competence center for high-speed trains in Germany (ICE). At the Krefeld-Uerdingen location, high-speed trains are manufactured for the whole world. About 2500 people are employed here.
The first railway repair shop was built in the Oppum district in 1891. Today the ICE maintenance plant in Krefeld is one of the most modern plants for heavy vehicle maintenance on the railway . Almost 700 people are employed here. ICE and electric multiple units of the local traffic are overhauled, that means, all components of the vehicles are checked, renewed or reconditioned. This includes bogies , wheel sets , but also small parts such as shock absorbers .
DDV GmbH Dulevo in Uerdingen produces vacuum sweepers, wet scrubbing machines and street cleaning machines .
Textile industry
The flourishing textile industry made Krefeld big in the 18th century. Velvet , silk and silk brocade were the best sellers . Emperors and kings from all over the world and last but not least the Catholic clergy liked to dress in sumptuous robes made of the precious fabrics from Krefeld. Companies such as Floh , Von Beckerath or Von der Leyen , to name just the three largest, supplied prominent customers such as Napoleon Bonaparte or the Prussian King Friedrich II .
The decline of the velvet and silk industry in Krefeld began in the 19th century. A process took place which reached its lowest point for the time being during the First World War. The larger companies, including the three largest mentioned at the beginning, had already been consolidated and merged to form the United Seidenwebereien AG , or VerSeidAG for short (today Verseidag), and have thus survived to this day. On the other hand there was the velvet and ribbon goods factory " Scheibler & Co " founded by Johann Heinrich Scheibler in 1834 , which also took over shares in the silk weaving mill from der Leyen and which more and more companies later joined, such as the velvet factory "Gebrüder Peltzer" in 1965 , whereupon the name was changed to “Scheibler & Peltzer GmbH”, and in 1985 the traditional company “Christoph Andreae” from Cologne with its worldwide sales network and the subsidiary, “Sametex” in Kraslice .
Tie production is still part of Krefeld's velvet and silk tradition today. The manufacture of tie fabrics and ties , scarves and their weaving patterns was the specialty of a large number of Krefeld companies. In the meantime, manufacturing has moved to cheaper locations and the number of companies is no longer comparable to the heyday. However, two thirds of all ties designed, made up and traded in Germany still pass through the city limits. The former silk industry is only represented here with a few companies - but they still exist, tie designs, weaving mills, clothing manufacturers, and tie makers.
Some textile manufacturers now specialize primarily in industrial textiles, technical textiles and their finishing and finishing . The product range of today's Verseidag , to which the carpet specialist TAG has belonged since 2011, ranges from woven materials for architecture and roof constructions, to functional textiles for safety and protective clothing, to advertising displays and truck tarpaulins.
In 2010 the textile competence network teXellence was formed on the basis of the NRW Objective 2 funding framework on the Lower Rhine . In this network of companies, associations, business development institutions and the Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences , the textile industry is to be highlighted as an important part of the regional economic and knowledge competence and future strategies for the textile industry in the region are to be developed.
media
The headquarters of the local radio operator association Krefeld / Viersen e. V. - Operating company for local radio Krefeld / Viersen GmbH & Co. KG. These organize the private radio program " Welle Niederrhein ".
In Krefeld there is also a press house for the “ Westdeutsche Zeitung ”. This daily newspaper is published in Düsseldorf with a local edition as "Krefelder Zeitung". The " Rheinische Post ", which also appears in Düsseldorf and has several local editions, also reports on regional events in Krefeld . Originally (until 1970) the "Westdeutsche Zeitung" was an independent Krefeld newspaper published by C. Busch-du Fallois Söhne. Two local weekly newspapers appear in Krefeld: the "Stadt Spiegel Krefeld" (Wednesdays) - formerly "Stadtanzeiger" (Thursdays) - and the "Extra Tip Krefeld" (Sundays) - formerly "Schöne Sonntag". "KRONE" and "port01" appear monthly, and the independent magazine "Seidenspinner" appears every two months.
Creative industries
The creative industry in Krefeld is a young branch that is based on a long tradition. The design department at the Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences emerged from the Werkkunstschule . Names like Joseph Beuys and Mies van der Rohe with the houses Haus Lange and Haus Esters are known far beyond Krefeld. The creative industry in Krefeld is dominated by mostly small agencies in the design and advertising sector . To support this industry, there is a joint initiative of the Krefeld Economic Development Agency, the Krefeld cultural office, the Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences , the city marketing of the city of Krefeld and some actors from the creative industries themselves. The initiative builds on the state cluster CREATIVE.NRW . The initiative began with a kick-off event in the Heeder factory in February 2011. This was followed by another network meeting at the Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences . The first partial results of this work were regular creative forums and the first published creative industries atlas, which gives an overview of the creative people in Krefeld.
Food and luxury food industry
The well-known Dujardin Imperial brandy has been produced in Uerdingen since the early 19th century , along with the clear juniper brandy "Uerdinger". Likewise, the Katrein malt coffee factory. The Dutch CJ Van Houten & Zoon (see Coenraad J. van Houten ) previously existed in Krefeld. A well-known company based in Krefeld is Dextro Energy . Cargill , one of the world's largest food groups and the largest privately owned US company, has an important site in Krefeld-Linn , formerly known as Maizena , for the production of corn starch .
Others
- CiS Electronic is headquartered in the Europark Fichtenhain, Krefeld. CiS is a cable manufacturer and system provider in the electronics industry.
- The headquarters of the pet supplies franchise company Fressnapf is located in Krefeld .
- Lumino Licht Elektronik, a manufacturer of dynamic passenger information technology , is based in Krefeld.
- The Austrian company EVVA produces mechanical locking cylinders and other security technology products at its Krefeld location.
- Kawai , a Japanese and world's second largest manufacturer of musical instruments such as wings , pianos , pianos and synthesizers , has its headquarters in Germany Krefeld.
- Canon , also a Japanese manufacturer of consumer electronics equipment , has its German headquarters in Krefeld.
- The Japanese sporting goods manufacturer Asics has its largest European central warehouse in Krefeld.
- Toshiba , also a Japanese company, has its German headquarters in Krefeld for the cash register, identification and printing systems division.
- With Afterbuy eBay has a branch in Krefeld. Afterbuy is a 100% subsidiary of eBay.
- The Danish logistics service provider DSV has had a large warehouse and transshipment center in the Krefeld-Fichtenhain industrial park since 2015.
- Amazon maintains a sorting center in the Gellep-Stratum district .
- The world's largest logistics center in the Bauhaus chain is located in Krefeld's Rheinhafen .
Personalities
Honorary citizen
The city of Krefeld has granted the following people honorary citizenship (chronological list by year of award):
|
|
|
Daughters and sons of the city of Krefeld
Musicians and music groups
(sorted alphabetically)
- Andrea Berg , pop singer
- Stefan Bossems aka DJ Bossi, DJ and music producer
- Blind Guardian , protagonists of German Power Metal
- Hans-Jörg Böckeler , cantor, composer, choir director.
- Pete Doherty , British rock musician; lived in Krefeld for a short time in his childhood
- Albert Dohmen , opera singer
- Everon , progressive rock band
- CC Tennissen , country singer
- Claus Terhoeven alias Nic Chagall, DJ and music producer
- Dear Wolf , independent band
- Gerd Grochowski , opera singer
- Klaus-Dieter Grosser , physician
- Listen , dedicated a hip-hop song to the city of Krefeld
- Horst Hansen Trio , jazz band
- Ralf Hütter , co-founder of the German band Kraftwerk
- Japanese combat radio plays , grindcore band
- Michael Krücker , concert pianist and composer
- Bernd Liffers , church musician and organist
- N-1 , Krautrock band
- The Fog Joggers , indie rock band
- M. Walking on the Water , independent band
- Patrick Richardt , songwriter
- Studio Grande , indie rock band
Authors
(sorted alphabetically)
- Johannes Floehr (* 1991)
- Bernhard Hennen (* 1966)
- Henning Heske (* 1960)
- Thomas Hoeps (* 1966)
- Christian Krumm (* 1977)
- Ernst Loewy (1920–2002)
- Viktoria Lösche (* 1952)
- Hans Neuenfels (* 1941)
- Ulrich Peltzer (* 1956)
- Werner Pepels (* 1952)
- Matthias Schamp (* 1964)
- Elke Schmitter (* 1961)
- Frank Schmitter (* 1957)
- Burkhard Voss (* 1963)
Artist
(sorted alphabetically)
- Joseph Beuys (1921–1986), artist
- Heinrich Campendonk (1889–1957), painter and graphic artist
- Wilhelm Gause (1853–1916), painter and illustrator
- Fritz Huhnen (1895–1981), painter
- Willy Kiwitz (1896–1978), painter and graphic artist
- Hans Kruzwicki (1885–1971), painter
- Helmuth Macke (1891–1936), painter and graphic artist
- Heinrich Nauen (1880–1940), painter
- Theo Windges (* 1943), graphic artist
- Herbert Zangs (1924–2003), painter
literature
- Heinrich Silbergleit (ed.): Prussian cities. Memorandum for the 100th anniversary of the city ordinance of November 19, 1808 on behalf of the board of the Prussian City Council. Berlin 1908.
- Erich Keyser (Ed.): German city book. Urban History Handbook. Vol. 3, T 3: Rheinisches Städtebuch. on behalf of the working group of historical commissions and with the support of the German Association of Cities, the Association of German Cities and the Association of German Municipalities. Stuttgart 1956.
- Reinhard Feinendegen, Hans Vogt: Krefeld. The history of the city. 4 vols. Krefeld 1998 ff., ISBN 3-9804181-6-2 , ISBN 3-9804181-7-0 , ISBN 3-9808235-2-0 , ISBN 3-9806517-9-7 .
- Ernst Klusen , Hermann Stoffels, Theo Zart: The musical life of the city of Krefeld 1780–1945. 2 vols., (Contributions to Rhenish music history, vol. 124). Cologne 1979/1980, DNB 206048432 .
- Christoph Dohr: Musical life and composers in Krefeld. The 20th century. (Krefeld Studies, Vol. 5, also contributions to Rhenish music history, Vol. 144). Kassel / Krefeld 1994, ISBN 3-87537-247-6 .
- Christiane Lange: Mies van der Rohe. Architecture for the silk industry. Nicolai Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-89479-668-6 . (German and English verse)
- Hans Vogt: silk ball and flying box. A history of aviation in Krefeld and on the Lower Rhine. In: Der Oberstadtdirektor (Ed.): Krefelder Studien 7. Druck- und Verlagshaus Enger, Willich, 1993, ISBN 3-9801610-8-0 , pp. 267-306.
- Hans Joachim Mathias: Krefeld - an old aviation city. In: Aero-Club Krefeld e. V. (Hrsg.): Flugtag 1969. Pöhling printing works, Krefeld-Traar.
- Association for local history V. Krefeld:
- Krefeld yearbook die Heimat (Volume 1 from 1921; Volume 83 appeared in 2012)
- Krefeld Archive series (with sources and research on the history of the city of Krefeld and the Lower Rhine)
- further individual publications
further reading
- Christoph Dautermann: On the way to the modern age. Krefeld architecture of the 1920s , Pagina, Goch 2015, ISBN 978-3-944146-12-6 .
Web links
Wikinews: Thematic portal Krefeld - in the news- Official website of the city
- Literature from and about Krefeld in the catalog of the German National Library
- Link catalog on Krefeld at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
- Archeology in the urban area
- Krefeld can do something! Online platform for the specialist initiative for the Krefeld location
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population of the municipalities of North Rhine-Westphalia on December 31, 2019 - update of the population based on the census of May 9, 2011. State Office for Information and Technology North Rhine-Westphalia (IT.NRW), accessed on June 17, 2020 . ( Help on this )
- ^ Rolf Eckers: Back when Krefeld towered over Düsseldorf . West German newspaper. December 18, 2017. Accessed December 23, 2019.
- ^ Daniel Gonzales: A short film about Krefeld's former splendid boulevard . West German newspaper. July 17, 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
- ^ Christiane Trunz: Seidenstadt Krefeld (NW) . ... textil ... eV, science, research, education (fv-textil). November 5, 2017. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
- ↑ Wolfhard Petzold: New companies are looking for skilled workers in Krefeld . Rheinische Post. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
- ↑ Norbert Stirken: Bauhaus celebrates topping-out ceremony for its European headquarters in the Rhine port . Rheinische Post. June 3, 2016. Accessed December 23, 2019.
- ↑ Martin Heuchel: Amazon opens its first German sorting center in Gellep . Rheinische Post. August 31, 2017. Accessed December 23, 2019.
- ↑ Werner Dohmen: Krefeld is so green . West German newspaper. April 17, 2019. Retrieved December 23, 2019.
- ↑ Discover Krefeld - Leisure Planner . City of Krefeld. 2016. Accessed December 23, 2019.
- ↑ a b c W. Kuttler, A. Graf, S. Blankenstein, A.-B. Barlag: City-wide climate analysis Krefeld with special consideration of four planning areas. Carried out on behalf of the City of Krefeld, prepared by the Department of Applied Climatology and Landscape Ecology at the University of Essen. Essen 2003, p. 10 ( PDF ).
- ↑ Kuttler et al.: Overall urban climate analysis Krefeld ... 2003, p. 27.
- ^ German weather service: Climate information Krefeld. wetterdienst.de, accessed on April 20, 2020 .
- ^ Population in the administrative district of Düsseldorf. ( Memento of the original from March 12, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on: it.nrw.de
- ^ Krefeld - statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. In: statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. Retrieved August 11, 2020 .
- ^ "Krefeld - Linn" monument area . kuladig.de. Retrieved May 9, 2020.
- ↑ Lacomblet, Theodor Joseph: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cologne, certificate no. 613 . Volume 3, 1853, pp. [527] 515. Digitized edition ULB Bonn
- ↑ Heinrich Gottfried Philpp Gengler: Regesten and certificates of constitutional and legal history of German cities during the Middle Ages , Erlangen 1863 S. 664th .
- ^ Theodor Joseph Lacomblet, in: Document book for the history of the Lower Rhine or the Archbishopric of Cöln, document 749 , 1853, part 3, 1301–1400, p. [656] 644.
- ↑ Guido Rotthoff: History of the City of Krefeld , City of Krefeld 1998, Volume 1, p. 355.
- ↑ a b The ramparts in Krefeld. In: The home. Issue 77, 2006, pp. 62-66.
- ^ Official journal for the administrative district of Düsseldorf 1872, p. 425
- ^ Official gazettes of the Prussian district government Düsseldorf
- ↑ Irmgard Bernrieder: When Krefeld was Belgian . ( Memento of the original from August 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Rheinische Post . August 19, 2010.
- ↑ Historical factual novel "The Stolen City" ISBN 978-3-7497-3275-3
- ↑ Eyewitness accounts from the night of the bombing
- ^ Elisabeth Kremers: The night when Krefeld went under - June 22, 1943: German cities in the bombing war . Wartberg, 1st edition 2003, ISBN 978-3-8313-1339-6
- ↑ from 1945. ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on: rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de
- ^ US War Report, pp. 173-178. ( Efforts To Seize a Bridge )
- ↑ Isaacson, Walter. Kissinger: A Biography . New York. Simon & Schuster 1992. ISBN 0-671-66323-2 . P. 48
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from March 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Barbara Lukas u. a. (Ed.): 6/25/83 Krefeld Documentation. Hamburg 1987. (PDF; 3.1 MB)
- ↑ Based on the contract of December 20, 1906 and the law of June 19, 1907, Preussische Gesetzsammlung pp. 140–144
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 291 .
- ↑ City of Krefeld 2011 census data population in regional comparison by religion -in% -
- ↑ https://www.wz.de/nrw/krefeld/krefeld-mehr-als-650-katholiken-traten-aus-der-kirche-aus_aid-44831941
- ↑ Information: This is Krefeld in numbers Statistics 2018 Fig. 15 of 16 , accessed on June 10, 2020
- ↑ The city of Krefeld's 2018 statistical yearbook is available
- ↑ Map with links
- ↑ http://www.ack-krefeld.de/kirchen/
- ↑ www.jg-krefeld.de
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from April 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ wz.de January 9, 2008: Jewish Community: The first rabbi in 70 years
- ↑ Jens Voss: Krefeld: How Muslims live their religion in Krefeld. In: RP ONLINE. Retrieved September 1, 2016 .
- ^ UNION of the Turkish and Islamic Associations in Krefeld and the Surrounding Area. Accessed on January 17, 2017 .
- ↑ http://www.wahlresults.nrw.de/kommunalwahlen/2014/aktuell/a114000kw1400.html
- ↑ RP ONLINE: Krefeld: The per capita debt in Krefeld drops by 30 euros. Retrieved August 27, 2019 .
- ↑ Product area results planning in the 2014 budget of the 22 independent cities in North Rhine-Westphalia in comparison. Household control.de, accessed on November 21, 2014 .
- ↑ Insterburg sponsorship certificate ( Memento of the original from October 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Homepage of the CVUA-RRW.
- ^ Website of the medicoreha Welsink Academy
- ↑ Annual financial statements of Helios Klinikum Krefeld GmbH for the 2017 financial year from February 22, 2019. Available at www.bundesanzeiger.de with search for Helios Krefeld.
- ↑ www.kresch.de ( Memento of the original from September 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Theater Without Name eV Krefeld. Retrieved August 28, 2017 .
- ↑ www.friedenskirche-krefeld.de ( Memento of the original from September 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ www.werkbuehne-krefeld.de
- ↑ www.kulturrampe.de , list of artists
- ↑ Atrium cinema at www.filmtheatertechnik.de
- ↑ Seidenfadenkino at www.filmtheatertechnik.de
- ↑ Primus-Palast at filmtheatertechnik.de ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ For the history of the Krefeld cinemas see also Krefeld cinemas at www.filmtheatertechnik.de
- ↑ Velvet, silk, lousy. In: Monuments Online 5.2012.
- ↑ www.literarischer-sommer.eu
- ↑ Homepage (accessed June 7, 2019)
- ↑ Lisa-Maria Bosch: Krefelder comes second: annual finale of the poetry slamers. Retrieved October 22, 2019 .
- ↑ 2012-06-18: City of Krefeld opens the Niederrheinisches Literaturhaus. Press release of the city of Krefeld, on: krefeld.de , accessed on October 2, 2012.
- ^ Association for local history Krefeld e. V. (Ed.): Dialect in Krefeld, jedeit - jeseit - jeschrieeve. Verlag van Acken, Krefeld 2007, ISBN 978-3-923140-56-5 .
- ^ Marit Blossey: Krefeld: Culture instead of Kippe: Literature from the machine. Retrieved November 12, 2017 .
- ↑ The Mondoversum beckons with bananas . In: Westdeutsche Zeitung . August 20, 2015 ( wz.de [accessed April 4, 2017]).
- ↑ KREFELD 8UNG - The Krefeld rock community. Retrieved April 4, 2017 .
- ↑ Westzeit - M. WALKING ON THE WATER. Retrieved December 11, 2018 .
- ^ "Dear Wolf" - theundergroundconcert in the Jazzkeller. In: KR-ONE. Accessed December 11, 2018 (German).
- ↑ The Braces - Ska Got Soul! Retrieved December 11, 2018 .
- ↑ RP ONLINE: Krefeld: Ralf Hütter - Kraftwerker is 70. Accessed on December 11, 2018 .
- ↑ Norbert Stirken: Blind Guardian brings out ten new albums. In: RP Online. September 14, 2018, accessed December 14, 2018 .
- ↑ Blind Guardian: A metal band from Krefeld conquers the world - pictures & photos - WELT. Retrieved December 11, 2018 .
- ↑ Kirsten Hinte, Thomas Bethge: Experience Krefeld: The most beautiful sides - At its best . 1st edition. Sutton Verlag GmbH, Erfurt 2013, ISBN 978-3-95400-154-5 , p. 18 .
- ↑ Kirsten Hinte, Thomas Bethge: Experience Krefeld: The most beautiful sides - At its best . 1st edition. Sutton Verlag GmbH, Erfurt 2013, ISBN 978-3-95400-154-5 , p. 18 .
- ↑ Kirsten Hinte, Thomas Bethge: Experience Krefeld: The most beautiful sides - At its best . 1st edition. Sutton Verlag GmbH, Erfurt 2013, ISBN 978-3-95400-154-5 , p. 21 .
- ↑ Petra Diederichs: Germany 2019: Krefeld becomes Bauhaus city . RP Online. February 2, 2016. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
- ↑ 2019-05-17: Five Bauhaus exhibitions in Krefeld . City administration Krefeld. May 17, 2019. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
- ↑ Krefeld Perspektiven - Bauhaus in the Velvet and Silk City . Tourism NRW eV. Retrieved December 29, 2019.
- ↑ Jens Voss, " Why the Dionysius Church is a landmark ", December 13, 2009, RP (Rheinische Post) online (accessed January 3, 2019)
- ^ " Krefelder Seidenweberhaus will be demolished ", November 27, 2018, WDR.de (news) (accessed January 3, 2018)
- ↑ Fire in the Krefeld Zoo - all animals in the monkey house perished. In: Rheinische Post. January 1, 2020, accessed January 1, 2020 .
- ↑ Penguin Pool. Krefeld Zoo, accessed on October 24, 2018 .
- ↑ African savannah. Krefeld Zoo, accessed on October 24, 2018 .
- ↑ Meerkat Lodge. Krefeld Zoo, accessed on October 24, 2018 .
- ^ Westdeutsche Zeitung: Zoo Krefeld: Young rhinoceros Najuma becomes English. Retrieved March 13, 2019 .
- ^ RP ONLINE: Krefeld: On a mountain tour in Krefeld. Retrieved December 11, 2018 .
- ^ Ice hockey history Krefeld Pinguine. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Wheelchair dance in the TC Seidenstadt Krefeld , accessed on October 30, 2011.
- ^ Krefeld Whitsun Run , accessed on May 22, 2012.
- ^ RP ONLINE: Krefeld: Krefeld's Altbier boom. Retrieved March 19, 2019 .
- ^ RP ONLINE: Krefeld: Krefeld's new beer from the Nordbahnhof. Retrieved March 10, 2019 .
- ^ KR-TV: "Schlüffken" brewery at Krefeld North Station - opening. July 3, 2019, accessed March 10, 2019 .
- ↑ Westdeutsche Zeitung: Kultkneipe: New owner for the Blue Angel. Retrieved March 19, 2019 .
- ^ Structural analysis for the city of Krefeld, pp. 5–10
- ↑ Current results - VGR dL. Retrieved January 7, 2019 .
- ^ Federal State of Lower Saxony. Federal Employment Agency, accessed on January 7, 2019 .
- ↑ Chempark key figures , accessed on December 21, 2012.
- ^ Albert Gieseler - Koerver & Lersch. Retrieved December 11, 2018 .
- ↑ Volkmann - COMPETENCE IN TWISTING. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Mechanical and plant engineering - Siempelkamp. In: Siempelkamp. Retrieved December 14, 2018 .
- ^ Scheibler & Co. In: 75 years of textile research in Krefeld. P. 12. (PDF; 43 kB)
- ↑ Verseidag homepage
- ↑ Objective 2 program (2007-2013) - previous funding as of December 31, 2009. (PDF; 191 kB) on: target2.nrw.de
- ↑ www.texellence.de
- ↑ www.krefeld.de
- ↑ How do culture and economy find each other? ( Memento of the original from October 6, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 338 kB) at: kultur-in-krefeld.de
- ↑ Network meeting creative industries Krefeld. ( Memento of the original from December 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on: hs-niederrhein.de , November 23, 2011.
- ↑ creative industries. ( Memento of the original from November 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. on the website of the Krefeld Economic Development Agency
- ^ Provider of food, agriculture, financial and industrial products and services to the world. | Cargill. Retrieved December 10, 2018 .
- ↑ RP ONLINE: Krefeld: Asics opens largest warehouse in Europe. Retrieved December 12, 2018 .
- ↑ Martin Heuchel: Amazon opens its first German sorting center in Gellep . Rheinische Post. August 31, 2017. Accessed December 28, 2019.
- ↑ Norbert Stirken: Bauhaus celebrates topping-out ceremony for its European headquarters in the Rhine port . Rheinische Post. June 3, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
- ^ Cosmic Gate Bio . In: Magnetic Magazine . ( magneticmag.com [accessed October 12, 2017]).
- ^ Cosmic Gate Bio . In: Magnetic Magazine . ( magneticmag.com [accessed October 12, 2017]).
- ↑ www.heimat-krefeld.de ( Memento from September 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ table of contents; Link list ( memento from September 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ); Keyword index of all volumes ( Memento of September 27, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
Independent cities: Aachen | Bielefeld | Bochum | Bonn | Bottrop | Dortmund | Duisburg | Düsseldorf | Food | Gelsenkirchen | Hagen | Hamm | Herne | Cologne | Krefeld | Leverkusen | Mönchengladbach | Mülheim an der Ruhr | Munster | Oberhausen | Remscheid | Solingen | Wuppertal
Districts and city regions: City region Aachen | Borken district | Coesfeld district | District of Düren | Ennepe-Ruhr district | District of Euskirchen | District of Gütersloh | District of Heinsberg | Herford district | Hochsauerlandkreis | District of Höxter | District of Kleve | Circle lip | Märkischer Kreis | District of Mettmann | District of Minden-Lübbecke | Oberbergischer Kreis | District of Olpe | Paderborn district | Recklinghausen district | Rhein-Erft district | Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis | Rhein-Kreis Neuss | Rhein-Sieg-Kreis | District of Siegen-Wittgenstein | District of Soest | District of Steinfurt | District of Unna | District of Viersen | District of Warendorf | Wesel district
from 1,000,000 inhabitants:
Berlin |
Hamburg |
Cologne |
Munich
from 500,000 inhabitants:
Bremen |
Dortmund |
Dresden |
Düsseldorf |
Food |
Frankfurt am Main |
Hanover |
Leipzig |
Nuremberg |
Stuttgart
from 250,000 inhabitants:
Augsburg |
Bielefeld |
Bochum |
Bonn |
Duisburg |
Gelsenkirchen |
Karlsruhe |
Mannheim |
Mönchengladbach |
Munster |
Wiesbaden |
Wuppertal
from 100,000 inhabitants:
Aachen |
Bergisch Gladbach |
Bottrop |
Braunschweig |
Bremerhaven |
Chemnitz |
Cottbus |
Darmstadt |
Erfurt |
Erlangen |
Freiburg im Breisgau |
Fürth |
Göttingen |
Gütersloh |
Hagen |
Halle (Saale) |
Hamm |
Heidelberg |
Heilbronn |
Herne |
Hildesheim |
Ingolstadt |
Jena |
Kassel |
Kiel |
Koblenz |
Krefeld |
Leverkusen |
Lübeck |
Ludwigshafen am Rhein |
Magdeburg |
Mainz |
Moers |
Mülheim an der Ruhr |
Neuss |
Oberhausen |
Offenbach am Main |
Oldenburg |
Osnabrück |
Paderborn |
Pforzheim |
Potsdam |
Recklinghausen |
Regensburg |
Remscheid |
Reutlingen |
Rostock |
Saarbrücken |
Salzgitter |
Victories |
Solingen |
Trier |
Ulm |
Wolfsburg |
Wurzburg
