Bremerhaven

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Bremerhaven
Bremerhaven
Map of Germany, position of the city of Bremerhaven highlighted

Coordinates: 53 ° 33 '  N , 8 ° 35'  E

Basic data
State : Bremen
Height : 2 m above sea level NHN
Area : 93.82 km 2
Residents: 113,643 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 1211 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes : 27568-27580
Area code : 0471
License plate : HB
Community key : 04 0 12 000
LOCODE : DE BRV
NUTS : DE502
City structure: 2 districts with 9  districts

City administration address : 		Hinrich-Schmalfeldt-Strasse
27576 Bremerhaven
Website : www.bremerhaven.de
Lord Mayor : Melf Grantz ( SPD )
Location of the city of Bremerhaven in Bremen
Stadtbremisches Überseehafengebiet Bremerhaven (zu Stadt Bremen) Bremerhaven Bremen Niedersachsenmap
About this picture
City center between Geeste and Weser
View over Bremerhaven (2019)

The municipality of Bremerhaven ( Bremerhoben in Low German ) is an independent city on the western edge of the Elbe-Weser triangle , which merges into the North Sea . As exclave it belongs to the country Free Hanseatic City of Bremen . The city with a good 113,000 inhabitants is part of the northwest metropolitan region . Bremerhaven was the 69th largest city in Germany in 2018 . It is enclosed on the land side by the district of Cuxhaven , for which it is the regional center . The history of the ports in Bremerhaven begins in 1830 with the old port . Today there is a regional structural change from an industrial city to a service and knowledge city . The Bremerhaven University of Applied Sciences and several institutes and technology centers together with the Bremen knowledge centers form a center of European cutting-edge technology. The Bremerhaven lighthouse , the German Maritime Museum , the German Emigration Center and the Bremerhaven Climate House are well known .

geography

Exclaves and enclaves of the city and state of Bremen and the city of Bremerhaven. All three areas are also enclaves of the state of Lower Saxony

Geographical location

Bremerhaven is located at the mouth of the Weser into the North Sea and the Geeste into the Weser. The urban area has a maximum extension of 15 km in length and 11 km in width. Bremerhaven, together with the Bremer exclave Stadtbremisches Überseehafengebiet Bremerhaven, forms an exclave of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen. Part of the Bremerhaven district of Fehrmoor in the northeast of the city, cut off by a narrow strip of land in Lower Saxony, is an exclave of the municipality of Bremerhaven and thus another exclave of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen.

Even if Bremerhaven is formally "only" on the Weser, whose change from inland to sea waterway only takes place a few kilometers north of Bremerhaven, Bremerhaven is still referred to as the "only German city on the North Sea" or "Seestadt" because it is located at Bremerhaven estuary funnel of the Weser gives the impression of the location directly on the sea.

Neighboring places

Neighboring communities are Geestland in the north, Schiffdorf in the east and Loxstedt in the south . In the west, the city of Bremen borders on Bremerhaven with its overseas port exclave. On the other (Lower Saxony) side of the Weser is Blexen , which connects the Weser ferry Bremerhaven – Nordenham with Bremerhaven.

Geomorphology and Natural Landscapes

The city is about 0.2  m to 2  m above sea level. NHN . The highest point is an 11.1  m high elevation in the Leherheide district ( Debstedter Weg / Brunnenstraße) as an extension of the Hohen Lieth , a geest landscape that extends north of the city between Bremerhaven and Cuxhaven . Its counterpart south of the Geeste is called the Beverstedter Moorgeest in the natural spatial structure ; together they are part of the Wesermünder Geest . Most of the old town centers of today's Bremerhaven are located on the storm surge-proof Geest: Lehe , Geestendorf and Wulsdorf . The Weser dykes reach heights between 6.2  m and 8.3  m between the city and district Weddewarden and the New Lunesiel .

The other natural area in Bremerhaven is the march : Wurster march north, Würdener marsch south of the Geeste as parts of the Weser march, as well as the Geeste march and the pipe march. The old town center of Weddewarden is located in the march. (Old) Bremerhaven was also founded in the march. In the Weser there are also smaller mudflats that are part of the UNESCO World Heritage .

The Weser, Geeste, Rohr , Lune and Aue flow through or touch the city.

City structure

The municipality of Bremerhaven is divided into two districts ( north and south ) and these are divided into nine districts . The districts are further divided into 24  districts .

City of Bremen's overseas port area of ​​Bremerhaven

The overseas port has belonged to the city of Bremen since April 1, 1938. The city of Bremerhaven is contractually responsible for part of the local government for the area.

climate

Due to the proximity to the North Sea, the climate is largely maritime balanced. In summer, longer periods of heat with temperatures above 30 ° C are rather rare; in winter there is usually little or no snow and the lowest temperatures hardly drop below −10 ° C. The annual mean temperature is approx. 9.1 ° C. The annual average rainfall is around 741.5 mm; Most of the precipitation falls in June and July. February is the driest at around 36 mm. The highest temperature ever measured was 35.8 ° C on August 9, 1992 and the lowest measured temperature -18.6 ° C on February 25, 1956 (as of October 2009).

Bremerhaven
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
56
 
3
-1
 
 
36
 
4th
-1
 
 
50
 
7th
2
 
 
48
 
11
4th
 
 
56
 
16
9
 
 
73
 
19th
12
 
 
79
 
20th
14th
 
 
72
 
21st
14th
 
 
68
 
18th
11
 
 
65
 
13
8th
 
 
71
 
8th
4th
 
 
67
 
4th
0
Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm
Source:
Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Bremerhaven
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 3.0 3.8 6.9 10.9 16.1 18.9 20.0 20.5 17.6 13.2 7.8 4.3 O 12
Min. Temperature (° C) −1.0 −0.7 1.5 4.3 8.5 11.9 13.7 13.5 11.1 7.7 3.5 0.4 O 6.2
Temperature (° C) 1.1 1.6 4.1 7.5 12.3 15.4 16.8 16.9 14.2 10.3 5.6 2.5 O 9.1
Precipitation ( mm ) 56.0 36.1 50.3 47.8 56.3 73.1 78.7 71.7 67.9 65.3 71.4 66.9 Σ 741.5
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 1.3 2.1 3.3 5.2 6.7 6.7 6.3 6.2 4.3 3.1 1.6 1.1 O 4th
Humidity ( % ) 89 85 82 78 75 77 78 78 81 85 87 89 O 82
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
3.0
−1.0
3.8
−0.7
6.9
1.5
10.9
4.3
16.1
8.5
18.9
11.9
20.0
13.7
20.5
13.5
17.6
11.1
13.2
7.7
7.8
3.5
4.3
0.4
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
e
d
e
r
s
c
h
l
a
g 		56.0
36.1
50.3
47.8
56.3
73.1
78.7
71.7
67.9
65.3
71.4
66.9
  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source:

history

Early history

In May 2019, archaeologists discovered the remains of a stable house from the Iron Age at a depth of 1.2 meters during excavations on Bütteler Straße in the Lehe district . In addition to other confirmed findings , such as storage pits and ceramic shards , a well from the last century BC First traces of settlement.

Middle Ages and Modern Times

The Wurtendorf Weddewarden was mentioned in 1091 and the church villages Geestendorf and Wulsdorf were first mentioned in 1139. Lehe was first mentioned in a document in 1275 and gained supra-local importance as an official seat and market place . Politically, the area at the mouth of the Geeste has long been in conflict between the interests of the Archdiocese of Bremen and the city of Bremen . 1648–54 the area came under the sovereignty of Sweden. The construction of the fortress town of Carlsburg began in 1672 , and in 1719, after previous Danish occupation, the area was transferred to the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , and from 1814 to the Kingdom of Hanover .

Establishment of Bremerhaven and port construction

At the quay the Europa , abeam the Bremen , 1930

Because of the increasing siltation of the Weser, Bremen bought the land and dyke foreland of the former, unfinished Swedish fortress town Carlsburg on the north side of the confluence of the Geeste into the Outer Weser in 1827 through Mayor Johann Smidt von Hannover , which was handed over on May 1, 1827 and called Bremerhaven (today: Mitte district ). The old port was completed by 1830 . In 1845 Hanover founded a place in the south of Bremerhaven not far from Geestendorf, which was named Geestemünde on June 26, 1847 . A port was also created in the competition for Bremerhaven. The New Harbor was built in Bremerhaven from 1847 to 1852 , and the city rose to become the largest emigration port in Europe by 1854. North German Lloyd (NDL) was founded in 1857 and Kaiserhafen I was laid out from 1873 to 1876. The North German Lloyd subsequently became the largest shipping company in Bremen and from 1881 the largest in the world. The Kaiserschleuse was built in 1897 and the Imperial Ports II and III until 1907/1909. Bremerhaven became known all over the world through important ship departures and arrivals . In 1927 the Columbuskaje was completed together with the Columbusbahnhof as a train station by the sea . The passenger facilities destroyed in the Second World War were gradually rebuilt. In 1962, the passenger facility II was rebuilt and the older facility demolished. The container terminal , built from 1968 onwards , has been expanded in sections since 1978 and today has a total of 14 berths with the almost 5 km long river quay.

Fishing port

In 1885, the Sagitta, built in Bremerhaven, was the first German deep-sea fishing steamer to go into service and, as a result, German deep-sea fishing was established. In 1896 the fishing port I in Geestemünde was completed, and after the merger of Geestemündes with Lehe to form the city of Wesermünde , the fishing port II was completed in 1925 . As a result, the remaining fishing port in Bremerhaven was abandoned in 1935, and in 1939 Bremerhaven became part of the city of Wesermünde. In 1947 Wesermünde was renamed Bremerhaven. In 1971, when the city was redistributed, the fishing port in the southern district became a separate district. In 2010 the Luneplate was incorporated .

Urban and district developments

In 1846 farm workers moved to Leher Haide in Leher Feldmark . In 1850 Geestemünde became a rural municipality, and in 1851 Bremerhaven received city ​​rights . In 1866 Lehe and Geestemünde became part of Prussia . Geestendorf was incorporated into Geestemünde on April 1, 1889.

Geestemünde was granted city rights in 1913 and Lehe in 1920. Wulsdorf became part of Geestemünde in 1920. On November 1, 1924, the cities of Lehe and Geestemünde were combined to form the city of Wesermünde. In 1927 Weddewarden, Schiffdorferdamm and Speckenbüttel were incorporated into Wesermünde. In 1937 the construction of settlements began in what is now Surheide . In 1938 the overseas port was separated from Bremerhaven and incorporated into the city of Bremen as an exclave. The remaining municipality of Bremerhaven, which previously belonged to the Hanseatic city of Bremen, was incorporated into the city of Wesermünde, which belongs to the Prussian province of Hanover .

After the end of the Second World War, Wesermünde and the Hanseatic City of Bremen were included in the American zone of occupation as North German exclaves ; After Wesermünde belonged to the British zone of occupation from 1946 to 1947 , the city was incorporated into the Hanseatic city of Bremen and back into the American zone in 1947 by a joint decision of the British and American military governments. After the reconstitution to the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, Wesermünde was renamed Bremerhaven. The city subsequently served as a port of embarkation for the US Army .

In 1971, the administrative levels in Bremerhaven were redistributed into two districts, nine districts and 23 districts. In 2010, through a state treaty, Luneplate, previously in Lower Saxony, became the 24th district of the Bremerhaven district of Fischereihafen.

Important buildings

The Bremerhaven lighthouse was built in 1854 and the Mayor Smidt Memorial Church in 1855 . The horse-drawn tram operated by Bremerhavener Straßenbahn AG (from 1947 VGB ) has been running since 1881, and was supplemented by a battery-powered tram in 1898 and completely converted to an electric tram with overhead line operation in 1908. In 1914 the train station in Geestemünde and the train station Lehe were opened. In 1933 the main post office in Geestemünde started operations. With the German Maritime Museum by Hans Scharoun , the seaside city received the most important maritime museum in Germany in 1972/75. The Bremerhaven University of Applied Sciences was founded in 1975 and thereafter constantly expanding. Gottfried Böhm designed the central building. The Columbus Center, designed by the Bremerhaven architect Peter Weber , was inaugurated in 1977. In 1980 the Alfred Wegener Institute , Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) was created based on plans by Oswald Mathias Ungers . The extension to the fishing port lock according to plans by Otto Steidle was occupied in 2004. The historical museum that emerged from the Morgenstern Museum was given its current building in 1991, the German Emigration Center was built in 2005 and the Climate House in 2009 .

Five months after its completion, the Kennedy Bridge and storm surge barrier saved the city ​​from sinking in the 1962 storm surge .

District and port history

Luneplate
red for Bremen,
blue for Lower Saxony

→ See under:

Incorporations

year Bremerhaven Lehe Geestemünde
1275 first written mention of Lehes
1827 founding of Bremerhaven Lehe
1845 Bremerhaven Lehe Founding Geeste Mündes
1889 Bremerhaven Lehe Incorporation of Geestendorf
1913 Bremerhaven Lehe Geestemünde becomes an independent city
1920 Bremerhaven Lehe becomes an independent city Incorporation of Wulsdorf
1924 Bremerhaven Merger of Lehe and Geestemünde
to form the independent city of Wesermünde
1927 Bremerhaven Incorporation of Weddewarden , Schiffdorferdamm and Speckenbüttel
1938 Outsourcing of the
overseas port area
to the city of Bremen 		Wesermünde
1939 Association for the city of Wesermünde without an overseas port area
1947 Incorporation into the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and renaming to Bremerhaven
2010 Integration of the Luneplate and border straightening with Lower Saxony

Population development

Population development of Bremerhaven from 1827 to 2018

In 1827 Bremerhaven had 19 inhabitants. The population rose to over 10,000 by 1871 and doubled to around 20,000 by 1900. In 1939 Bremerhaven with 26,790 inhabitants and Wesermünde with 86,041 inhabitants were united to form the new city ​​of Wesermünde with around 113,000 inhabitants.

In 1968 the population peaked at 148,931. Then the population continued to decline until a low point was reached in 2012 with 108,323 inhabitants. The population has been growing again slightly since 2012. At the end of 2016, 113,034 people lived in Bremerhaven.

Significant ship departures and arrivals

Sail Bremerhaven (2000)

The ship departures and arrivals have always been of great importance in Bremerhaven as a seaside city. Thousands of onlookers often turn up for significant events.

In 1827 the Swedish sloop Lyk good Bremerhaven was the first to call at. When the old port was completed in 1830, the American schooner Draper was the first ship to enter the port. The seaside resort traffic began in 1837, and the paddle steamer Washington came in 1847. Admiral Brommy's war fleet was here from 1849 to 1853. In 1854, 76,875 emigrants left Europe via Bremerhaven. Norddeutsche Lloyd was founded in 1857 and set up regular scheduled services to New York or Baltimore , initially with the Bremen 1 . The Hohenzollern ships in 1875 , the Elbe in 1881 , and later the Kaiser Wilhelm der Große , which won the Blue Ribbon in 1897, served as further ships of the North German Lloyd .

In 1885, the Sagitta, the first German deep sea fish steamer, was put into service. In the same year, the world's first overseas tanker , the Andromeda , sailed from Geestemünde to New York. Shipowner Riedemann , a pioneer in tanker shipping, was an important representative of the oil industry in Germany together with the Standard Oil Company (later Esso ). In 1886 the first imperial mail steamer drove to East Asia.

In 1902 the ship Kronprinz Wilhelm sailed from Norddeutscher Lloyd , and in 1929 the Bremen and Europa .

With the whaling mother ship Jan Wellem , whaling gained great importance from 1936.

1945 began the era of the US troop transports , which called at the quay thousands of times with 95 ships. The "banana steamers" have been delivering bananas since 1949 with around 500 reefer ships at around 5000 arrivals. Elvis Presley arrived here in 1958.

In 1950 the passenger journey started again with the Gripsholm . This was followed by the Amerika in 1951, the United States Blue Ribbon in 1953 and the Seven Seas in 1955 .

In 1957 the aircraft carrier Forrestal docked . The Bremen passenger ship followed in 1959 , and the Inge , the first ore freighter, unloaded its cargo in 1964. The passenger ship Europa followed in 1966 .

In 1966 the ferries Prins Hamlet went to Harwich and the Roland from Bremen to Helgoland and in 1970 the Prins Oberon to Harwich. Another passenger ship followed in 1970 with France and the cruise ship Queen Elizabeth 2 in 1987 .

As a windjammer parade, the Sail has been a regularly recurring major event since 1986.

In 2011 Faust , at that time the largest car freighter in the world, stopped at the overseas port.
In 2006 the container ship Emma Mærsk arrived , at the time one of the largest ships of its kind, in 2009 the cruise ship Queen Victoria and in 2012 the container ship CMA CGM Marco Polo .

politics

With the founding of Bremerhaven in 1827, first one appointed by the Senate of Bremen and dependent took bailiff administering it. In 1837 Bremerhaven received a provisional municipal code, but remained under strong control by the bailiff. The first municipal constitution and the city declaration followed in 1851 . The administration is now carried out by a community committee consisting of a community council and community councilors under the leadership of a chairman of the community council. However, important administrative functions such as the lower judiciary and the police remained with the bailiff. In 1879 a new city constitution came into force. The city was now represented by a full-time city ​​director and the duties of the bailiff were transferred to the municipality. The local council, which was now called the city council, was given a more independent position vis-à-vis the local councilors, who were now called city councilors. It was not until 1894 that a bailiff was reinstated as the state representative of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen.

The Prussian neighboring community Geestemünde in 1913 by royal decree to independent city and the mayor in 1917 by Wilhelm II. The mayor raised. Lehe experienced this elevation to the status of an independent city in 1920, through which its head of administration also became mayor.

A new city constitution was introduced in Bremerhaven in 1922, which brought changes due to the new political situation after the end of the First World War . So was u. a. the right to vote expanded and the rights of the city ​​council strengthened. The title of Lord Mayor has now been added to the office of the previous city director, also to align with the corresponding office designations in the neighboring Prussian communities.

After the National Socialists came to power , the last bailiff in Bremerhaven was deposed in 1937. In 1938, at the instigation of the mayor of Bremen and other representatives of Bremen, the port area was spun off and became part of the city of Bremen, before Bremerhaven was incorporated into the Prussian city of Wesermünde in 1939 at the co-initiation of the mayor of Wesermünde. From 1933 to 1945 Hans Kohnert was President of the Chamber of Commerce of the IHK Bremerhaven. From 1943 to 1945 he was also appointed military economics leader and president of the newly created Gauwirtschaftskammer Ost-Hannover.

In 1945 the military government appointed a lord mayor and a mayor as his deputy. In 1946 the first elections took place after the end of the war. In 1947, the British and American military governments jointly decided to leave Wesermünde from the state of Lower Saxony , to incorporate it into the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and to incorporate it as the fourth state in the American zone of occupation . In 1947 the city council of Wesermünde decided to rename the city to Bremerhaven, and the new city constitution in the form of a fake municipal constitution was passed.

Today, due to the constitution for the city of Bremerhaven (VerfBrhv) , the municipality of Bremerhaven has a city council and a magistrate as administrative organs .

City Council

Election to the city council assembly 2019
Turnout: 48.48%
 %
30th
20th
10
0
24.8
21.4
15.9
8.7
8.0
7.6
6.1
1.9
1.7
4.0
Gains and losses
compared to 2015
 % p
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
-10
-8.3
-3.0
+4.8
+4.0
+0.8
+0.7
+0.9
-0.1
-1.1
+1.2
Distribution of seats in 2019
          
A total of 48 seats

The Bremerhaven city council consists of 48 city councilors, whose members are elected by the city's citizens for four years. It is fundamentally responsible for all city affairs and supervises the administration of the magistrate.

In its constituent meeting, the city council elects the head of the city ​​council and a first assessor as deputy as well as at least one other assessor. It also elects the honorary members of the magistrate for the duration of their electoral term.

The city council also elects the full-time members of the magistrate for a six-year term.

Board

The head of the city council represents the city council, leads its negotiations and exercises the house rules. Together with the assessors, it forms the board of the city council.

magistrate

The Bremerhaven magistrate consists on the one hand of full-time members: the mayor , who is also the chairman of the magistrate, the mayor as his representative and other full-time city ​​councilors . On the other hand, there are also voluntary councilors, whose number always exceeds that of the full-time members.

He is the administrative authority of the city and takes care of the day-to-day administration according to the resolutions of the city council, to which he also reports.

Lord Mayor

The Lord Mayor is the head of administration. In urgent cases, he can order the necessary measures without a prior resolution from the magistrate and veto a suspensive veto against the magistrate's resolutions if, in his opinion, these violate the law.

Current situation

The magistrate is currently made up of five full-time and six honorary members. The Lord Mayor is Melf Grantz (SPD), who succeeded Jörg Schulz (SPD) in 2011 . Torsten Neuhoff (CDU) has been the mayor and treasurer of Paul Bödeker (CDU) since November 2018 .

The last election for the Bremerhaven city council took place on May 26, 2019. The constituent meeting for the 20th electoral term took place on July 1, 2019.

Since 2019 there has been an SPD-led coalition with the CDU and FDP with 25 votes. The previous grand coalition , which had existed since 2015, no longer has a majority in the new assembly with 22 seats.

Torsten von Haaren (SPD), who succeeded Brigitte Lückert (SPD) , has been the city councilor since 2019 . 1st assessor has been Irene von Twistern (CDU) since 2015 as the successor to Ulf Eversberg (Greens). In addition, Alexander Niedermeier (parliamentary group Die Grünen PP) and Harry Viebrok (SPD) are assessors.

badges and flags

Flag of Bremerhaven

Bremerhaven introduced the coat of arms and flag after the incorporation of the city of Wesermünde into the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and the subsequent renaming to Bremerhaven. The national symbols were officially accepted on May 28, 1947. The design of the coat of arms was made by the artist Waldemar Mallek from Münster .

coat of arms

The coat of arms of Bremerhaven shows in silver, over a wavy blue shield base with a silver fish, a Hanseatic ship with a blue roof on the aft fort. On the sails three coats of arms: 1 in red a silver key, above in silver a red paw cross, 2 in blue a golden anchor, 3 in red two crossed silver scythe leaves. Ship and fish indicate its importance as a port and fishing location.

flag

The flag of Bremerhaven consists of two red and one central white elongated stripe. The three areas are the same size. In the middle of the flag is the coat of arms of the municipality of Bremerhaven.

Town twinning

Bremerhaven currently has six city ​​partnerships :

FranceFrance Cherbourg-en-Cotentin , France , since June 29, 1960 (then still Cherbourg)
United KingdomUnited Kingdom Grimsby , England ( North East Lincolnshire ), since February 22, 1963
FinlandFinland Pori , Finland , since May 16, 1969
DenmarkDenmark Frederikshavn , Denmark , since June 16, 1979
PolandPoland Szczecin , Poland , since October 16, 1990
RussiaRussia Kaliningrad , Russia , since April 24, 1992

Furthermore, on May 16, 1954, Bremerhaven took over a city ​​sponsorship for the West Prussian city and district of Elbing . In Geestemünde, Elbinger Platz was named after this sponsored town.

Some motorway slip roads are named after twin cities:

  • Cherbourger Straße - motorway slip road to overseas ports
  • Grimsbystraße - Autobahn feeder center
  • Poristraße - Geestemünde junction
  • Frederikshavner Straße - Wulsdorf motorway slip road

Financial situation

The city has debts of around 1.7 billion euros in 2019. In 2020, Bremerhaven's municipal debts will be shifted to the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen.

Culture and sights

View from the ferris wheel in the Havenwelten

  • Towards the southeast

  • Towards the northeast

  • heading north

  • To the northwest

  • Direction west-northwest

  • To the west

Buildings

Delete tower
Old Harbor with Seute Deern , Sail City, Mediterraneo and Klimahaus (2011)
City Theatre
Geest farm
Architecture in the Havenwelten district

Center and ports

Lehe

Geestemünde / Wulsdorf

Geestemünde wooden harbor and Christ Church

Cultural monuments

Monuments

Cultural history trails

theatre

  • The Bremerhaven City Theater was built from 1910 to 1911 according to plans by Oskar Kaufmann .
  • The small house has been located in an outbuilding next to the large house since 1955 .
  • The Theater im Fischereihafen , Am Schaufenster 6, has existed since 1996.
  • The Figures Theater Werkstatt Packhalle V has existed in the Bremerhaven fishing port since 1998.
  • The horse stable , Gartenstrasse 5/7 (center) in the stables of a former haulage company, is the venue for theater, music and literature of the Art and Use Association .
  • The piccolo teatro - haven theater , Bürgermeister-Smidt-Straße 200, has existed since 2011. It was founded by Roberto Widmer and is Bremerhaven's only room theater.

Museums and collections

Klimahaus Bremerhaven , in the background the Atlantic Hotel Sail City
Museum submarine Wilhelm Bauer

Zoos, parks and green spaces

Willow Castle in Speckenbütteler Park
Weser lido, dike and Geestemole with beacon , on the left the directional radio tower

Regular events

  • The Sail , the largest windjammer meeting in Europe , takes place every five years.
  • May: Spring market, Long Night of Culture , Jeanette Schocken Literature Days with the presentation of the Jeanette Schocken Prize
  • May: Bremerhaven nautical mile - "Running between city and sea" (fun run)
  • June: Bremerhaven Marathon
  • June: fishing port races , dragon boat races , weekend on the Geeste
  • July: Bremerhaven Festival Week , City Marathon Bremerhaven
  • August: Bremerhaven Freimarkt, cinema in the harbor , Sail (every five years)
  • September: Weser Inline Tour, United We Stand Festival (formerly Bunt instead of Brown)
  • December: Christmas market

Culinary specialties

music

  • Bremerhaven Municipal Orchestra
  • Rock Cycle Bremerhaven
  • Big Band Bremerhaven
  • Bremerhaven Wind Orchestra
  • Lehe Wind Orchestra (formerly the Lessing School Wind Orchestra)
  • Wulsdorf Wind Orchestra
  • Glad (E) makers (formerly Prayers & Preachers)
  • Rock Center Bremerhaven
  • City Theater Children's Choir
  • Youth Music School Bremerhaven
  • Original Blue Boys marine choir from Bremerhaven

Others

The restaurant Treffpunkt Kaiserhafen on the old banana pier in Kaiserhafen III - the “last pub before New York” - is a mixture of a seaman's pub and a restaurant with a unique maritime interior. It is a tourist attraction.

The sailors found consolation in the ladies in Rickmersstrasse . What this "Reeperbahn Bremerhaven" in Lehe was, Georg-Seebeck-Strasse in Geestemünde was for the fish steamer. This “petroleum district” has been inhabited by Turkish families for decades. The African American soldiers of the United States Navy especially loved the Roxy Bar on Fährstrasse in front of the Geeste Bridge.

economy

In 2016, Bremerhaven achieved a gross domestic product (GDP) of 3.948 billion euros within the city limits . In the same year, GDP per capita was € 34,771 (Bremen: € 47,482, Germany € 38,180). The GDP per labor force is € 57,831. In 2017, around 68,300 people were employed in the city. The unemployment rate in December 2018 was 11.8% (in the city of Bremen it was 8.9%).

Since Bremerhaven was founded, the economy has been closely linked to the port. In 1895 the Geestemünder deep sea fleet already consisted of 28 ships. Between 1891 and 1896, Geestemünde expanded the tide-dependent, lock-free fishing port I and increased its fishing fleet to 93 fishing vessels by 1914. In the 1930s, the fleet reached a temporary peak with 215 ships and 7,000 employed people in 21 deep-sea fishing companies. The largest fishing port in Europe was built here by 1960. By expanding the fishing zones of Iceland and Norway to 200  nautical miles , the most important fishing grounds and more than 2000 jobs in deep-sea fishing and around 4000 jobs in the fish processing industry were lost by 1984. There are now only three fishing ships left in Bremerhaven.

To this day, the branches of industry associated with the port operations have shaped the city's economic structure. These include the Bremerhaven container terminal , the shipyards and vehicle handling (see below) and the fish processing industry, e.g. B. Deutsche See , Frosta , Nordsee restaurant chain and Frozen Fish International .

Most of the added value in Bremerhaven's industry and trade is achieved in the handling of end-to-end sea freight traffic. The proportion of goods processed on site ( Loco quota ) is low. With services related to cargo handling operations, this share of the value increases steadily. However, industrial processing takes place almost exclusively in the hinterland.

Sea freight throughput was 1.3 million tons in 1955, 8.2 million tons in 1975, 49 million tons in 2006 and over 67 million tons in 2011 (see also Container Terminal Bremerhaven ).

In the Future Atlas 2016, the independent city of Bremerhaven was ranked 387 out of 402 rural districts, municipal associations and independent cities in Germany, making it one of the places with "high future risks". The city is one of the poorest large cities in Germany.

Road vehicle envelope

BLG Logistics Group's car port and car terminal in Bremerhaven (2019)

The BLG Logistics Group , which emerged from the Bremer Lagerhaus-Gesellschaft AG founded in 1877, is now the European industry leader in vehicle logistics with 6,800 employees . BLG's car terminal has a total area of ​​three million square meters and space for 120,000 vehicles. The total value of the vehicles at full capacity is around 3.6 billion euros. With a total throughput of over two million vehicles in 2011, Bremerhaven is the leading car transshipment point in Germany. Most of the imported vehicles destined for the German market reach Germany via Bremerhaven. In 2014, 2.3 million vehicles were handled.

In addition to automobiles, around one million tons of so-called high-and-heavy goods as well as general cargo and heavy goods up to 200 tons in weight are moved in Ro / Ro transshipment. The "high-and-heavy" goods include a. construction machinery ( excavators , tracked vehicles , truck cranes), agricultural equipment ( tractors , combine harvesters and other harvesting machines), trucks , tractors and also locomotives . The ICE test train for Amtrak in the USA and the Transrapid delivered to China were shipped via Bremerhaven.

View over the connecting port to the Lloyd shipyard

Shipyards

Many of the traditional shipyard operations in Bremerhaven such as Tecklenborg , Rickmers , SSW or Siegholt closed during the global shipyard crisis . The existing companies had to reduce their workforce significantly due to the lack of orders. Nevertheless, Bremerhaven remains an important shipyard location with the Lloyd shipyard and the repair shipyards German Dry Docks, which are part of the Petram Group (a result of the merger of the Bremerhaven engine works with the Rickmers-Lloyd dock company ) and Bredo . In July 2019 Petram sold all of its shipbuilding activities in Bremerhaven (Bredo and German Dry Docks) to the Heinrich Rönner Group .

Wind energy

Bremerhaven is an important location for the offshore wind energy industry in Germany. The share of mechanical engineering grew in the first half of the 2010s due to the production of large wind turbines for locations off the coast (offshore). In the south of the city there is a large industrial area for the construction of offshore wind turbines on the North Sea with manufacturers such as Areva Wind GmbH (now subsidiary Adwen , formerly Multibrid ), Senvion , Power Blades GmbH and WeserWind GmbH . The construction of an offshore terminal (OTB) for the transshipment of wind turbines is planned on the Weser above the mouth of the Geeste . There is also criticism of this project with an estimated total cost of 200 million euros, because the offshore business is very volatile. After using the so-called ABC peninsula (BLG) or the container terminal I (Eurogate) for handling wind turbines and the like. a. These are currently (mid-2015) no longer required for offshore facilities. It is hoped for a revival for the construction of further offshore wind farms.

and display information about the image
Bremerhaven is an important location for offshore wind energy. The first erector ship Aeolus built in Germany moved to the Lloyd shipyard to use the jack-up legs; here is the Bold Tern , and on the far right the Thor is loading .

food industry

Even today, Bremerhaven is the most important fishing port of Germany, which the nickname of Fish Town and the residents nicknamed Fischköppe has introduced. The ice hockey club REV Bremerhaven has made the name Fischtown Pinguins its own.

Arose from the port handling is food processing, particularly the processing of fish and frozen food . Today the transshipment, ripening and storage of tropical fruits , such as bananas , are still carried out in the port area. As a result of the handling of fresh fish in the fishery port, later almost exclusively from frozen fish delivered by sea or on the road, a strong branch of the food industry (fish, vegetables, ready meals ) now operates in Bremerhaven . This industrial occupation changed with the change in consumer habits from the dominance of fresh produce (fish) via ready-made meals (pizzas) to frozen products without preservatives (FROSTA).

tourism

In the last few decades tourism has established itself again as a further mainstay , but it is also linked to the “harbor flair” and the maritime-oriented museums. The former "gray mouse" Bremerhaven gained a lot of color through attractive museums and high-performance restaurants. Especially the German Emigration Center (opened in 2005, awarded the European Museum of the Year in 2007 and expanded in 2012), the Klimahaus Bremerhaven 8 ° Ost (opened in 2009) and the harbor with tours are attractions for day tourists and city trips.

Bremerhaven is also gaining in importance as a starting and destination port for cruises in the North and Baltic Sea region with over 70,000 passengers at 63 calls in 2014 and a modern and efficient terminal. Today's Columbus Cruise Center Bremerhaven (CCCB) is historically known as Columbuskaje as the most important emigration port on the continent and was an important port for Germany for passenger traffic across the North Sea (to England) and the Atlantic until the 1970s .

One problem during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 was that cruise ships had to spend most of the time near the coast and increased use of the infrastructure of seaports. In the case of Bremerhaven, this meant that cruise ships were only allowed to dock at the cruise terminal in Bremerhaven on a daily basis and had to anchor in the Outer Weser, sometimes also off Wangerooge , for the rest of the time . In some cases, crew members were not allowed to leave their ship for months, not even during the docking time in the port.

Since January 2010, Bremerhaven has been the end of the German Fairy Tale Route with the legendary figure Klabautermann .

Employment situation

Due to the structural change in the port economy, the fishing and shipbuilding industry as well as the loss of purchasing power with the withdrawal of the American soldiers, unemployment in Bremerhaven rose to a West German record level by the end of the 1990s. The unemployment rate reached its historical high in January 1998 at 22.3%. Bremerhaven has slowly recovered since the turn of the millennium thanks to an improved situation in the port industry, particularly in container and car handling , as well as the development of new employment areas in tourism and offshore wind power. In August 2013, the unemployment rate in the city of Bremerhaven was 14.6%, based on all civilian labor force. In the Bremen-Bremerhaven agency district, which also includes parts of the Lower Saxony region, the rate was 10.1% in August 2013.

media

In Bremerhaven, the Nordsee-Zeitung appears as a daily newspaper in a monopoly position. In the publishing house of the Nordsee-Zeitung, the supraregional part of most of the regional daily newspapers distributed in the Elbe-Weser triangle is produced (Redaktionsgemeinschaft Nordsee). The Nordsee editorial group produces the cover pages for six other local newspapers in the Elbe-Weser triangle , namely: Bremervörder Zeitung (Bremervörde), Cuxhavener Nachrichten (Cuxhaven), Kreiszeitung Wesermarsch (Nordenham), Niederelbe-Zeitung (Otterndorf), Stader Tageblatt (Stade) and Zevener Zeitung (Zeven).

Radio Bremen maintains an outdoor studio in the Columbus Center. There is also the Bremerhaven Citizens Broadcasting Service as a television and radio program .

The radio programs of Radio Bremen are broadcast outside the Bremerhaven city area by the Telekom transmitter Schiffdorf. All NDR programs in the city can also be received. In addition, stations such as radio ffn , Hitradio Antenne and Energy Bremen can be received in the city . TV programs are only broadcast in DVB-T mode (also in Schiffdorf). In addition to the public service programs, the bouquets of the ProSieben-Sat1 group and the RTL group are also broadcast.

Event industry

Ferris wheel in front of the New Harbor

In order to prevent companies in the event industry in the state of Bremen from not generating any income for months during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, operators of small rides, Ferris wheels and sales booths were allowed to set up their facilities in public spaces. From May to August 2020, a Ferris wheel stood in Bremerhaven between the New Harbor, the Klimahaus, the Sail City high-rise and Willy-Brandt-Platz.

traffic

Overview map of the Jade and Weser estuaries

Ports

Location of the ports in Bremerhaven

The container terminal with the longest river quay in the world (4680 meters quay length, 14 berths), the tide- independent ports with car imports and exports and the Columbus quay with passenger traffic are part of the Bremen overseas port area , managed by bremenports . This company organizes the infrastructure of the ports, i.e. the locks , quays and storage areas as well as the traffic routes by road and rail. The operating companies are only responsible for the handling equipment, the so-called supra-structure, of the investment vehicles. The pilotage is the responsibility of the Bremerhaven port pilot company .

The overseas port area, as a free zone of control type I ( free port ), represents a special area under customs law within the customs area of ​​the European Union. It is secured by a border fence and border crossings by customs, where people and goods are checked. People who want to leave the free zone or just want to pass through must have official identification documents with them. Goods of all kinds must be declared for customs clearance when leaving the free zone and, if necessary, cleared. If you want to drive through the free zone with goods and do not have any papers with you that clearly prove the origin of the goods in the EU, you have to turn to the customs authorities and declare the goods yourself when entering the free zone.

The New Harbor , the Old Harbor with the museum ships, the Seebäderkaje, the youngest section CT IV of the container terminal and the fishing port area south of the Geeste are part of the Bremerhaven urban area, the rest, most of the port north of the Geeste, has been part of the Bremen city area since 1938 .

railroad

The history of the railway in Bremerhaven began in 1862, when the Hanover State Railroad (from 1866 part of the Prussian State Railways ) opened the continuously double- track Bremen-Bremerhaven railway line for the port-hinterland freight traffic of the Kingdom of Hanover (see also: History of the Railway in Germany ). Today the transport of the handled goods in containers and automobiles by rail is the backbone of port traffic. Transporting comparable quantities of goods by road would hardly be tolerable for the motorway network. The extensive rail network in the port area is state-owned and operated by Deutsche Bahn AG .

At Bremerhaven Central Station , the railway line from Bremen connects to the line to Cuxhaven . It is also the starting point for the connection to Buxtehude (via Bremervörde ) to the Niederelbebahn , on which the Hamburg S-Bahn has been running to Stade since December 2007 . There are also trips from Bremerhaven main station to the Columbusbahnhof / ColumbusCruiseCenter (occasional, special and freight transport) and on the museum train to Bederkesa .

Long-distance transport

Line scheme of the regional S-Bahn Bremen / Lower Saxony

Until 2001, Bremerhaven was integrated into the long- distance passenger transport network of Deutsche Bahn ( ICE to Munich and Frankfurt am Main , IR to Saarbrücken and Luxembourg ). A return of long-distance lines is currently not planned.

Regional Express Bremerhaven is currently served by two Regional Express lines (RE) operated by Deutsche Bahn, which connect the city with Osnabrück and Hanover every two hours. The overlapping of the two RE lines results in an hourly service for the Bremerhaven – Bremen section.

Regionalbahn Bremerhaven is also connected to the regional S-Bahn Bremen / Lower Saxony , which is operated by the NordWestBahn . The hourly regional S-Bahn trains on the RS 2 line run from Bremerhaven via Bremen to Twistringen. The RS 2 serves three stations in the Bremerhaven city area: Bremerhaven-Lehe, Bremerhaven Hbf and Bremerhaven-Wulsdorf. In the course of the introduction of the regional S-Bahn, a reactivation of the Bremerhaven-Speckenbüttel stop, which was closed in 1988, was discussed.

Two more regional train lines lead to Cuxhaven and Buxtehude via Bremervörde. They are operated by EVB with diesel trains.

line Line course operator Tact
RE Bremerhaven-Lehe - Bremerhaven - Osterholz-Scharmbeck - Bremen - Diepholz - Osnabrück DB Regio North Every two hours
RE Bremerhaven-Lehe - Bremerhaven - Osterholz-Scharmbeck - Bremen - Verden - Nienburg - Hanover DB Regio North Every two hours
EVB Bremerhaven - Dorum - Cuxhaven EVB Hourly
EVB Bremerhaven - Bremervörde - Buxtehude EVB Hourly
RS 2 Bremerhaven-Lehe - Bremerhaven - Osterholz-Scharmbeck - Bremen - Twistringen NordWestBahn Hourly

Bus transport

Seat of the VGB / BremerhavenBus

From December 1947 trolleybuses drove in Bremerhaven. First a line (I) was created from the main train station to Schiffdorf. In 1949 a second line followed (II) Hauptbahnhof – Lehe Stresemannstraße . The trolleybus operation ended on July 1, 1958.

On January 8, 1961, the VGB bus depot on the city limits in Langen went into operation, and a few years later, on December 13, 1965, the first articulated bus was in operation at VGB. On June 1, 1980, the VGB bus depot next to the fire station on the street Zur Hexenbrücke was opened.

The local public transport ( ÖPNV ) in Bremerhaven will be provided in 2019 with 19 bus routes (13 day and 2 night routes and 4 call line tax systems (ALT) ) by Verkehrsgesellschaft Bremerhaven AG (VGB), which has been operating as BremerhavenBus since 2001 .

Bremerhaven Versorgungs- und Verkehrs-GmbH (BVV) has had the license for the VGB bus routes including ALT traffic since 2017.

In addition, 13 regional bus routes from other companies operate in the Bremerhaven area, including to Cuxhaven and Bad Bederkesa as well as to Wilhelmshaven and Oldenburg.

The city belongs to the Zweckverband Verkehrsverbund Bremen / Lower Saxony and the Bremerhaven Versorgungs- und Verkehrs-GmbH (BVV) belongs to the Verkehrsverbund Bremen / Niedersachsen .

The long-distance bus operator Flixbus connects Bremerhaven to Berlin via Stade and Hamburg.

tram

The private Bremerhaven Tram Actiengesellschaft started with a horse-drawn tram in 1881. From 1920 Bremerhaven, Geestemünde and Lehe took a 50% stake in this company. In 1926 the name was changed to Tram Bremerhaven-Wesermünde AG , 1939 to Tram Wesermünde AG and 1947 to Verkehrsgesellschaft Bremerhaven AG.

In its heyday, the network consisted of 6 tram lines. The tram was shut down on July 30, 1982. The number of public transport passengers has almost halved between 1975, when the tram was still running daily and late into the evening, from 25 million at that time to 13 million in 2006.

In 1998 the Verkehrsclub Deutschland (VCD) presented a concept for the reintroduction of the tram as a modern light rail system . In August 2013, the VCD resumed the discussion. Due to supposedly more important projects, the plan was not seriously pursued.

Long-distance roads

The A 27 Cuxhaven-Bremerhaven-Bremen-Walsrode motorway runs through the eastern part of the city of Bremerhaven . Furthermore, the old federal highway B 6 , the B 71 and the B 212 lead through the city area. The controversial, so-called coastal motorway A 20 / A 22 between Scandinavia / Poland and the Netherlands via Hamburg and Bremerhaven, which would cost at least 2 billion euros with the necessary new Elbe crossing, is also being planned.

The urban area itself is characterized by a ladder-like structure in north-south direction, with the A 27 as an east bypass and the B 6 as a west bypass; The last one divides at the Elbinger Platz traffic junction into a further Hafenrandstrasse and a central axis (B 6). For the southern section of the western bypass, there are plans to build a new building outside of residential areas (previous Georgstraße - Weserstraße ); Hafenrandstrasse ( Columbusstrasse and Barkhausenstrasse ) ends at the Rotersand customs gate ; a continuation via the planned Alfred-Wegener-Strasse to join Cherbourger Strasse is currently being discussed.

The cross braces are:

  • in Wulsdorf the B 71 (formerly Lindenallee , now Südtangente)
  • In Geestemünde the streets An der Mühle and Schiffdorfer Chaussee , Geestemünde as a direct motorway feeder via Hamburger and Poristraße is in planning
  • in the middle the Grimsbystraße B 212 as the middle motorway feeder to the ferry terminal to Blexen in Geestemünde (A special feature here is that the route from just before the junction with the B 6 to the motorway (about two kilometers) is three-lane; variable message signs indicate the middle lane Free to go in or out of town depending on the time of day.)
  • in Lehe and Leherheide, Cherbourger Straße as a motorway feeder for the overseas ports, whose function will be taken over by a new road tunnel around 2020. This will be partly under the old Cherbourger Straße. The project should be completed in 2020.

air traffic

Bremerhaven owned the Luneort airfield , from which Helgoland was approached on a regular basis . This airfield has been abandoned in order to develop additional space for the wind power industry. About 30 kilometers further north is the Nordholz Air Base .

Shipping

The starting point of the Weser ferry , which connects Bremerhaven with the Nordenham district of Blexen, is located on the southern bank of the Geeste .

In the north of the city, between Kaiserschleuse and Nordschleuse , there is the Columbuskaje and a ferry terminal, from which there were ferry connections to England ( Harwich , 1966–1982 ) and Iceland . Over 8 million emigrants left the Columbuskaje for the New World. Since May 2, 2003, the facilities at Columbuskaje have been used as the Columbus Cruise Center Bremerhaven (CCCB) passenger terminal for cruise ships . In 2008, more than 100 ship arrivals were expected.

There used to be ferry connections within the imperial ports and the fishing port. The ferry in the Kaiserhafen was reactivated for the construction period to expand the Kaiserschleuse.

Bike lanes

About Bremerhaven run Weserradweg , the Weser from its beginning (the confluence of Fulda and Werra in Hann. Munden accompanied) to the mouth and on to Cuxhaven leads, and the North Sea Cycle Route .

Public facilities

General

Research, universities

Together with Bremen, Bremerhaven was elected City of Science 2005 by the Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft on March 12, 2004 (with 36 German cities as competitors).

  • The Bremerhaven University of Applied Sciences emerged from the Bremerhaven Seafaring School in 1975 .
  • Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (part of the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers )
  • Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology (IWES), emerged in 2009 from the Fraunhofer Center for Wind Energy and Ocean Technology (CWMT)
  • DLR Institute for the Protection of Maritime Infrastructures
  • Bremerhaven innovation and start-up center (BRIG)
  • time port
  • BioNord Center for Biotechnology
  • IMARE - Institute for Marine Resources
  • The Thünen Institutes for Fisheries Ecology and Sea Fisheries moved from Hamburg to Bremerhaven in 2018. The new building based on plans by Staab Architects was awarded the BDA Prize of the State of Bremen in 2018.
  • The Technologie-Transfer-Zentrum ( ttz Bremerhaven ) was founded in 1987 and carries out applied research and development in six institutes, including:
    • Bremerhaven Institute for Food Technology and Bioprocess Engineering (BILB)
    • Bremerhaven Institute for Health Technologies (BIGT)
    • Bremerhaven Institute for Biological Information Systems (BIBIS)
    • Bremerhaven Institute for Organization and Software (BIOS)
    • Bremerhaven Institute for Water, Energy and Landscape Management
    • Bremerhaven sensory laboratory

The city of Bremerhaven is a corporate sponsoring member of the Max Planck Society .

schools

There is a wide range of schools in Bremerhaven: elementary schools, secondary schools, secondary schools, secondary schools and grammar schools as well as vocational schools, special schools and an adult education center . Details are given in the neighborhood articles.

The Gymnasium Wesermünde is a Lower Saxony school with the school authority of the district of Cuxhaven and is located in Bremerhaven-Geestemünde.

Medical supplies

  • Bremerhaven Clinic (formerly ZKH Reinkenheide) in Schiffdorferdamm
  • AMEOS Clinic Am Bürgerpark Bremerhaven, in Geestemünde
  • AMEOS Clinic St.-Joseph Bremerhaven, in the middle
  • Health department in the former Lehe Hospital , Wurster Strasse 49

Sports

Dragon Boat Cup over 1852 meters (= one nautical mile), Bremerhaven fishing port 2006

Bremerhaven was a stronghold in roller figure skating , bowling and dance sport .

  • American Football: Bremerhaven Seahawks - Regionalliga Nord
  • Badminton: SFL Bremerhaven
  • Basketball:
  • Bowling: two teams in the Bremen regional league
  • Boxing: Weser-Boxring Bremerhaven
  • Dragon boat: The Unterweser canoeing club is German champion of the DDV, European and World Cup participant
  • Ice Hockey:
  • Aviation: LVU Bremerhaven , glider club
  • Soccer:
  • Handball:
    • HSG Geestemünde - Bremen State League
    • Leher TS - Landesliga Bremen
  • Kayak, canoe, dragon boat, outrigger canoe: Canoe Association Unterweser
  • Marathon: City Marathon Bremerhaven
  • Motorsport: International fishing port race (since 1952)
  • Artistic Skating:
    • Ice and Roller Sports Club Bremerhaven e. V .; Silver medal World Cup 2004 (compulsory) - Constance Hoßfeld
    • Teacher gymnastics from 1898 e. V .; German championship in the show groups
  • Rowing: Bremerhaven rowing club from 1889 ; Vice world champion in LM 4x-
  • Sailing:
    • WYC Weser Yacht Club Bremerhaven ; European Champion Sprinta Sport 2002 - SY DIVA, Admirals Cup winner from 1985
    • WVW water sports club Wulsdorf; FUN class, vice world champion 1994
  • Shooting: GTV Bremerhaven from 1862 ; Regionalliga Nord air pistol
  • Dancing: TSG Bremerhaven ; most successful dance sport club in the world
  • Tennis: Bremerhaven TV 1905 ; 1st National League
  • Triathlon: triathlon ; City triathlon event in the sprint and Olympic distance
  • Inline skater hockey: ERC Bremerhaven Whales ; 1. Men's 2. Bundesliga North; 2nd men's association league
  • Volleyball:
    • Volleyball Club Fischtown Sharks Bremerhaven e. V .: men's team, women's team, youth

Religions and churches

Denomination statistics

According to the 2011 census , 45.5% of the population were Protestant , 10.8% Roman Catholic and 43.7% were non-denominational , belonged to another religious community or did not provide any information. In 2017, of the 118,941 inhabitants, 43,206 were members (36.3%) of the Evangelical Church, 12,685 (10.7%) of the Roman Catholic Church and 53.0% belonged to another religious community or did not provide any information.

Protestant church

Mayor Smidt Memorial Church with pastors' and parish hall

In the 19th century, the inhabitants of today's districts were mostly in the Protestant church.
In 1827, after Bremerhaven was founded, its population was initially parish into the parish of Lehe.
Lehe was initially a predominantly Reformed settlement in which the Reformation had been introduced as early as 1520 . During the Swedish rule, however, the Lutheran creed was predominant.

From 1846 the Evangelical Mayor Smidt Memorial Church was built, at which a united congregation consisting of Lutheran and Reformed parish members was established, which belonged to the Bremen Evangelical Church and is still the only parish of this regional church in Bremerhaven. A Lutheran congregation split off from it in 1855.

The parishes founded later, such as the Kreuzkirche built in 1863 and the parishes of the city of Wesermünde, which has been united with Bremerhaven since 1939, or its predecessor parishes Geestemünde and Lehe, belong - if they are Lutheran parishes - to the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hanover (parish of Bremerhaven within the Sprengels Stade) or - if it concerns Reformed congregations - to the Evangelical Reformed Church (Synodal Association VIII).

Association of Evangelical Free Churches

The Association of Evangelical Free Churches (VEF) is represented in Bremerhaven with seven congregations. Two of these congregations belong to the Free Church of the Seventh-day Adventists and one each to the following church communities: Federation of Evangelical Free Churches (Baptists), Federation of Free Evangelical Congregations in Germany , Christian Community , Methodist Church and Federation of Free Church Pentecostal Congregations .

In addition, there are other free church communities in Bremerhaven that do not belong to the VEF.

Catholic Church

Herz-Jesu-Kirche in Lehe

In numerical terms, the Catholics have always remained in a clear minority compared to the Protestants . In 1867 the first Catholic Church of St. Mary was built. The associated parish was a branch parish of St. Johann in Bremen ( Diocese of Osnabrück ) and became an independent parish in 1902. Other parishes followed with u. a. the Herz-Jesu-Kirche Geestemünde and the Herz-Jesu-Kirche Lehe , both from 1911. Today the parishes of Bremerhaven and the district of Cuxhaven belong to the Bremerhaven deanery of the Hildesheim diocese .

New Apostolic Church

In Bremerhaven there were three church municipalities until the end of 2013: Bremerhaven-Wulsdorf, Geestemünde and Lehe. From the end of 2013 these were merged into one community, which has its seat in Geestemünde.

Judaism

The former synagogue on Schulstrasse in the Geestemünde district was destroyed on November 9, 1938.

In November 2000 the Jüdische Gemeinschaft Bremerhaven eV was founded in Bremerhaven . V. newly founded with 30 members. She set up a new synagogue in the church at Kleine Blink , a church belonging to the American barracks, which was inaugurated in November 2000.

Islam

There is a larger Islamic population group, which mainly includes immigrant Turks, as well as Lebanese, Palestinians, Iranians, Pakistanis, Syrians and North Africans. There are three mosques, including one of the Turkish-Islamic Union of the Institute for Religion in Lehe and one of Millî Görüş in Geestemünde .

Awards

Climate City Bremerhaven
Bremerhaven has special competencies in the field of climate protection with the Alfred Wegener Institute , the Klimahaus Bremerhaven and research institutions for offshore wind energy . The city has committed itself to reducing CO 2 emissions by 40% by 2020 compared to 1990 levels. In 2012 it received the “ European Energy Award ” for these efforts .

Personalities

Since 1885, Bremerhaven and its predecessor communities Lehe, Geestemünde and Wesermünde have given 20 people honorary citizenship.

Myths and legends

  • The Klabautermann
  • The giant Rik and the red sand
  • Jedut
  • The crown in Wulsberg
  • The gallows in Wulsdorf
  • Witteburg - Stinteburg
  • The Karlsburg
  • Gallop irons and flight irons
  • The fried poodle
  • Sneak weather
  • Saint Dionysius
  • The children's pond in Lehe
  • The Blexer Kirchbau and the child from Lehe
  • The French and the Garnet
  • Santa Claus in the Bütteler Berg
  • Jan Klövensteen's nocturnal adventure
  • The witch's cross on the Eckernfeld
  • The spectacle moor
  • Every peckes was everywhere
  • The morning star

literature

  • Hartmut Bickelmann : Bremerhaven personalities from four centuries . A biographical lexicon . Bremerhaven City Archives, Bremerhaven 2003, ISBN 3-923851-25-1 .
  • Georg Bessell: History of Bremerhaven. Morisse, Bremerhaven 1927 ( online version , PDF; 156 MB).
  • Erich Keyser (Ed.): German city book. Urban History Handbook. Volume III Northwest Germany, 1st part Lower Saxony / Bremen - On behalf of the Working Group of the Historical Commissions and with the support of the German Association of Cities, the German Association of Cities and the German Association of Municipalities, Stuttgart 1952.
  • Burchard Scheper: The more recent history of the city of Bremerhaven. Ed .: Magistrat, Bremerhaven 1977.
  • Harry Gabcke et al. a .: Bremerhaven in two centuries. Volume I: 1827-1918, Nwd-Verlag, Bremerhaven 1989; II. Vol .: 1919-1947, Nwd-Verlag, Bremerhaven 1991; III. Vol .: 1948–1991, Nwd-Verlag, Bremerhaven 1992.
  • Fritz Hörmann, Ude Meyer, Christian Morisse, Eberhard Nehring, Irmgard Seghorn, Egon Stuve, Else Syassen: Wesermünde field names collection - the field names of the property tax cadastre from 1876 . Ed .: Kulturstiftung der Kreissparkasse Wesermünde (=  new series of special publications by the men from Morgenstern , Heimatbund an Elb- und Wesermuende eV Volume 27 ). Men from Morgenstern Verlag, Bremerhaven 1995, ISBN 3-931771-27-X ([ digitized version ( memento of October 26, 2007 in the Internet Archive )] [PDF; 431 kB ; accessed on October 23, 2019] p. 4).
  • Hans Hesse: Constructions of Innocence. Denazification using the example of Bremen and Bremerhaven 1945–1953 , publications from the State Archives of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, vol. 67, edited by Adolf E. Hofmeister, dissertation at the Free University of Berlin, Bremen 2005, ISBN 3-925729-46-1 ( 520 p., 14 ills., Numerous tables).
  • Eberhard Michael Iba: The Klabautermann and other legends and stories in and around Bremerhaven. 3. Edition. EM Iba, Saarbrücken 2010, ISBN 978-3-9811503-4-6 .
  • Dieter Bischop , Nicola Borger-Keweloh, Dieter Riemer (eds.): Castle and church in Wulsdorf. Men from Morgenstern Verlag, Bremerhaven 2014, ISBN 978-3-931771-00-3 .
  • Lutz Liffers: Bremerhaven. The city by the sea. Edition Temmen , Bremen 2014, ISBN 978-3-86108-959-9 .
  • Publications in the Niederdeutschen Heimatblatt
    • Julia Kahleyß: Denazification in Wesermünde and Bremerhaven. Report on a workshop in the city archive . In: Men from Morgenstern, Heimatbund an Elbe and Weser estuary e. V. (Ed.): Niederdeutsches Heimatblatt . No. 789 . Nordsee-Zeitung GmbH, Bremerhaven September 2015, p. 2–3 ( digitized version [PDF; 377 kB ; accessed on August 3, 2020]).
    • Egon Wehmeyer: Remembering a lost landmark. The time ball in Bremerhaven from 1876 to the present . In: Men from Morgenstern, Heimatbund an Elbe and Weser estuary e. V. (Ed.): Niederdeutsches Heimatblatt . No. 803 . Nordsee-Zeitung GmbH, Bremerhaven November 2016, p. 1–2 ( digitized version [PDF; 5.7 MB ; accessed on July 20, 2019]).
    • Joachim Kussin: Food riots in December 1916. The Unterweser places Lehe, Bremerhaven and Geestemünde in WW1 . In: Men from Morgenstern, Heimatbund an Elbe and Weser estuary e. V. (Ed.): Niederdeutsches Heimatblatt . No. 804 . Nordsee-Zeitung GmbH, Bremerhaven December 2016, p. 1–2 ( digitized version [PDF; 1,2 MB ; accessed on July 20, 2019]).
    • Matthias Loeber: Waldemar Becké and the merger of the Lower Weser towns. 100 years ago: the amalgamation is maturing for concrete urban development . In: Men from Morgenstern, Heimatbund an Elbe and Weser estuary e. V. (Ed.): Niederdeutsches Heimatblatt . No. 829 . Nordsee-Zeitung GmbH, Bremerhaven January 2019, p. 1–2 ( digitized version [PDF; 3.9 MB ; accessed on July 4, 2019]).

Web links

Commons : Bremerhaven  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Schools in Bremerhaven (Peter Raap)  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
 Wikinews: Bremerhaven  - in the news
Wikivoyage: Bremerhaven  - Travel Guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population development in the state of Bremen. Bremen State Statistical Office, accessed on June 23, 2020 .  ( Help on this )
  2. ↑ a b c d Statistical Yearbook 2014 (PDF; 3.5 MB) 1.1 Location and area. In: Website of the State Statistical Office of Bremen. December 31, 2013, p. 25 , accessed June 8, 2015 (p. 27).
  3. ↑ Manfred Schmidt: Exklaves, Enclaves and other territorial anomalies . GRIN-Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-640-17973-2 , p. 63 .
  4. ↑ Connection line between the church tower of Langwarden and the mouth of the Aren stream. At Unterweser km 85.248 the seaward boundary is as an inland waterway to the North Sea (according to WaStrG); see Appendix 1 serial no. 64. In: Website Federal Ministry of Justice and Consumer Protection. Retrieved November 1, 2019 .
  5. ↑ General. In: Website City of Bremerhaven. Retrieved June 18, 2015 .
  6. ^ Bremerhaven landscape program. Natural spatial landscape units. (PDF; 1.6 MB) In: Environment.bremen.de. Senator for Environmental Protection and Urban Development, 1991, archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; Retrieved October 8, 2010 .
  7. ↑ § 8 Constitution of Bremerhaven. In: Website Transparency Bremen. Retrieved April 15, 2016 (garbage disposal contract).
  8. ^ Overseas port garbage disposal contract. In: Website Transparency Bremen. Retrieved April 15, 2016 .
  9. ↑ Fire protection contract Bremen. In: Website Transparency Bremen. Retrieved April 15, 2016 .
  10. ↑ Extreme temperatures in German cities: maximum and minimum temperatures. In: Website weather hazard early warning. October 2009, accessed March 28, 2019 .
  11. ↑ DWD , ecad.eu. , wetterkontor.de.
  12. ↑ Jürgen Rabbel: Sensation in Lehe: House from the Iron Age discovered. May 16, 2019, accessed May 17, 2019 .
  13. ↑ Population status according to municipal updates on December 31, 2012 (final values). (PDF; 19.3 kB) In: Website City of Bremerhaven. December 31, 2012, archived from the original on March 11, 2016 ; accessed on June 24, 2015 .
  14. ↑ State Statistical Office Bremen.
  15. ↑ a b c Bremen officials in Bremerhaven. In: Website City of Bremerhaven. Retrieved June 15, 2015 .
  16. ^ Georg Bessel: The first 100 years of Bremerhaven: from 1826 to 1927 . Unikum, 2011, ISBN 978-3-8457-1125-6 , Third book: Bremerhaven up to the introduction of the city constitution, Chapter VII: The first decade. Creation of an independent community , p. 289–298 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed June 15, 2015]).
  17. ^ Georg Bessel: The first 100 years of Bremerhaven: from 1826 to 1927 . Campus Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-593-38861-8 , Third book: Bremerhaven up to the introduction of the city constitution, IX. Chapter: The Revolutionary Years 1848–1852. Introduction of the city constitution , p. 371–378 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed June 15, 2015]).
  18. ^ A b Franz Buchenau: The free Hanseatic city of Bremen and its area . Outlook Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-86403-203-5 , chapter eight. The port cities. § 25. The City of Bremerhaven. , S. 154 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed June 15, 2015]).
  19. ^ Helmuth Berking, Jochen Schwenk: Port cities: Bremerhaven and Rostock in transition . Outlook Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-593-38861-8 , 2. Bremerhaven. b. Story , p. 103 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed June 15, 2015]).
  20. ↑ a b Georg Bessell: The first 100 years of Bremerhaven: from 1826 to 1927 . Dogma Verlag, 2012, ISBN 978-3-95454-151-5 , fourth book: Bremerhaven as a city. XI. Chapter: From the time when the Empire was founded to 1880. The city constitution of 1879. , p. 489–499 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed June 15, 2015]).
  21. ↑ 100 years ago: Geestemünde community finally becomes an independent city. In: Website City of Bremerhaven. Archived from the original on March 11, 2016 ; accessed on November 1, 2019 .
  22. ^ Georg Bessel: The first 100 years of Bremerhaven: from 1826 to 1927 . Unikum, 2011, ISBN 978-3-8457-1125-6 , fourth book: Bremerhaven as a city. XII. Chapter: From 1880 to the present. Destruction and rebuilding. , S. 574-586 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed June 15, 2015]).
  23. ^ Georg Bessel: The first 100 years of Bremerhaven: from 1826 to 1927 . Unikum, 2011, ISBN 978-3-8457-1125-6 , fourth book: Bremerhaven as a city. Chapter XII: From 1880 to the present. Destruction and rebuilding. , S. 574-586 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed June 15, 2015]).
  24. ^ Klaus Wedemeier: Wanted and enforced: The SPD parliamentary group of the state of Bremen from the turn of the century to the present . In: State Center for Political Education Bremen (Hrsg.): Contributions to the history of parliamentarism and the parties in Bremen . tape 1 . Leske Verlag + Budrich, Leverkusen 1983, ISBN 978-3-8100-0447-5 , from the colony to the free community. Social democratic work for Bremerhaven. By Uwe Beckmeyer. Terror and War Destruction , p. 173–174 , doi : 10.1007 / 978-3-322-92612-8 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed June 15, 2015]).
  25. ^ Negotiations of the main denazification committee of the city of Hanover; AZ: RIS VE: 3522, cult, October 2, 1948.
  26. ↑ Bettina Blank : The West German States and the Emergence of the Federal Republic: on the dispute over the Frankfurt documents of July 1948 . In: Studies on Contemporary History . tape  44 . R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1995, ISBN 3-486-56108-1 , II. Between regional interests and responsibility for all of Germany: The Frankfurt documents from a state perspective. American zone of occupation. 1. Bremen. , S. 58–79 ( limited preview in Google Book Search [accessed June 15, 2015]).
  27. ↑ a b c d e Constitution for the City of Bremerhaven (VerfBrhv). In: Website Transparency Bremen. Retrieved April 15, 2016 .
  28. ↑ Bremerhaven has a new mayor and city treasurer. In: Website buten un inside . June 14, 2018, accessed March 28, 2019 .
  29. ↑ Frank Miener: Bremerhaven SPD and CDU submit coalition agreement. In: Weser-Kurier website . June 24, 2015, accessed July 11, 2015 .
  30. ↑ Swen Awiszus: Bremerhaven: Red-Green sets course for “One City for All”. (PDF) Bremerforum. (No longer available online.) In: spdnet.sozi.info. vorwärts, October 2011, p. 2 , formerly in the original ; Retrieved June 17, 2015 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) @1@ 2Template: dead link / spdnet.sozi.info
  31. ↑ Maike Wessolowski: These men and women are chosen for Bremerhaven. In: nord24. July 1, 2019, accessed August 8, 2019 .
  32. ↑ a b city ​​arms. In: bremerhaven.de. City of Bremerhaven, accessed on June 18, 2015 .
  33. ↑ a b Bremen regional symbols: Bacon flag, key and the colors of the Hanseatic League. The coat of arms and the flag of the city of Bremerhaven. In: landesportal.bremen.de. Department of the WFB Wirtschaftsförderung Bremen GmbH, accessed on March 28, 2019 .
  34. ↑ town twinning. In: Website City of Bremerhaven. Archived from the original on June 19, 2015 ; accessed on March 28, 2019 .
  35. ↑ 60 years of Bremerhaven's sponsorship with Elbing: Historisches Museum Bremerhaven shows an exhibition on the history of the West Prussian city. In: Website City of Bremerhaven. Archived from the original on June 19, 2015 ; accessed on March 28, 2019 .
  36. ↑ Bremerhaven - Debt-free in one fell swoop. senatspressestelle.bremen.de, October 29, 2019, accessed on November 17, 2019 .
  37. ↑ town history - Speckenbüttel Park. In: bremerhaven-tourism.de. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011 ; accessed 9 October 2010 .
  38. ^ Sail Bremerhaven 2010. In: bremerhaven.de. Archived from the original on September 23, 2010 ; Retrieved October 9, 2010 .
  39. ↑ Wolfgang Stelljes: Bremerhaven - Little Dubai on the Waterfront. In: Website Die Welt . June 27, 2009, accessed March 28, 2019 .
  40. ↑ Nicole Schulze-Aissen: Kaiser Bremerhaven - Maritime treasure chest. In: Weser-Kurier website . May 2, 2019, accessed November 1, 2019 .
  41. ^ Rainer Donsbach: The girls' home behind the "grotto". In: Website Nordsee-Zeitung. February 4, 2010, archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; accessed on March 28, 2019 .
  42. ↑ Roxy Atlantic rendezvous - the live music bars of the 50s, 60s and 70s. In: Deichklang website. Retrieved March 28, 2019 .
  43. ↑ Live music every evening in the "Roxy-Bar". In: Website Nordsee-Zeitung. January 7, 2010, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; accessed on March 28, 2019 .
  44. ↑ Current results - VGR dL. In: statistik-bw.de. Retrieved January 7, 2019 .
  45. ↑ Unemployment rate in the federal state of Bremen. In: Statistics of the Federal Employment Agency. February 2019, accessed March 28, 2019 .
  46. ↑ Future Atlas 2016. Archived from the original on October 2, 2017 ; accessed on March 23, 2018 .
  47. ↑ Seaport records from all over the world. February 14, 2018, accessed May 26, 2019 .
  48. ↑ Manufacturers signal increasing exports - The BLG car terminal in Bremerhaven set a new record in 2014 with 2.3 million vehicles . In: DVV Media Group (Ed.): Daily port report . February 20, 2015, ISSN 2190-8753 , p.   10 (special supplement Bremische Häfen ).
  49. ↑ Petram sells shipyard business to Rönner Group. Die Welt, July 24, 2019, accessed July 30, 2019
  50. ^ WeserWind GmbH. Offshore Construction Georgsmarienhütte. In: weserwind.de. Archived from the original on April 2, 2015 ; accessed on May 27, 2019 .
  51. ^ Offshore Terminal Bremerhaven (OTB). In: Bremenports website. Retrieved March 28, 2019 .
  52. ↑ OTB: "Stillborn child" . In: Daily port report . August 7, 2015, p.  3 .
  53. ↑ Eike Narringa: Why does Bremerhaven need an offshore terminal? In: Waterkant . No. 3/30 , September 2015, ISSN  1611-1583 , p. 17-18 .
  54. ^ Anne-Katrin Wehrmann: Ambivalent mood in the industry . In: Hansa magazine . No. 6 , 2015, p. 72-74 .
  55. ↑ Ocean liners break off their voyages: The cruise terminal is getting tight. Radio Bremen: Buten un inside . April 2, 2020, accessed August 17, 2020.
  56. ^ Cruise giant "Mein Schiff 4" docks in Bremerhaven. Radio Bremen: Buten un inside . May 5, 2020, accessed August 17, 2020.
  57. ↑ Storage fever on luxury steamer: crew members with their nerves at the end. Radio Bremen: Buten un inside . May 8, 2020, accessed August 17, 2020.
  58. ^ Statistics, unemployment in the municipality of Bremerhaven. In: Statistics of the Federal Employment Agency. February 2019, accessed March 28, 2019 .
  59. ^ Statistics, unemployment in the Bremen-Bremerhaven agency district. In: Statistics of the Federal Employment Agency. February 2019, accessed March 28, 2019 .
  60. ↑ Internet page of the Zevener Zeitung
  61. ↑ Customs regulations for free zones. In: Zoll.de. Archived from the original on May 25, 2012 ; accessed on March 28, 2019 .
  62. ↑ a b Paul Homann: Bremerhaven's route networks (public transport) from 1881. (PDF; 2.7 MB) In: bremerhavenbus.de. Retrieved June 11, 2020 .
  63. ↑ Trolleybuses in Bremerhaven. In: verkehr-weser-elbe.de. Retrieved October 9, 2010 .
  64. ^ Paul Homann: VGB-Nachrichten. (PDF; 3.1 MB) In: busse-weser.org. December 12, 2015, p. 452 , accessed June 11, 2020 .
  65. ↑ official homepage. Retrieved December 15, 2019 .
  66. ^ Paul Homann: VGB-Nachrichten. (PDF; 3.1 MB) In: busse-weser.org. December 31, 2016, p. 468 , accessed June 11, 2020 .
  67. ↑ Bremerhavenbus. Retrieved July 27, 2019 .
  68. ^ Paul Homann: Bremerhaven route networks. In: Website BREMERHAVEN BUS. P. 26; Bookmark 01.03.1949 , accessed June 21, 2020 .
  69. ^ VGB timetable 1949. Verkehrsgesellschaft Bremerhaven AG, accessed on June 25, 2020 .
  70. ^ Heiko Jakobs: VCD Bremerhaven: Tram for Bremerhaven. In: Author's website. Retrieved March 28, 2019 .
  71. ↑ The dream of the train. In: Website Nordsee-Zeitung. August 28, 2013, archived from the original on August 29, 2013 ; accessed on March 28, 2019 .
  72. ^ Maike Wessolowski: Thünen Institute officially opened in Bremerhaven. In: Website Nord24. August 15, 2018, accessed March 28, 2019 .
  73. ^ List of corporative sponsoring members of the Max Planck Society. (PDF; 436 kB) In: mpg.de. Archived from the original on January 14, 2011 ; accessed on March 28, 2019 .
  74. ^ City of Bremerhaven Religion , 2011 census
  75. ↑ Bremerhaven Structural Data Atlas 2018 , accessed on July 29, 2019
  76. ↑ The information is taken from the VEF / Gemeindefinder .
  77. ↑ Climate City Bremerhaven - Climate competence should become a trademark. In: Website City of Bremerhaven. January 19, 2010, accessed November 1, 2019 .
  78. ↑ About Klimastadt. In: klimastadt-bremerhaven.de. Environmental Protection Agency Bremerhaven, accessed on November 1, 2019 .
  79. ↑ Eberhard Michael Iba (Ed.): Hake Betken siene Duven. The saga of the Elbe and Weser estuaries (=  special publications by the men from Morgenstern , Heimatbund at the Elbe and Weser estuaries . Volume 16 ). 3. Edition. Men from Morgenstern Verlag, Bremerhaven 1999, ISBN 3-931771-16-4 .