Nordenham

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Nordenham
Nordenham
Map of Germany, position of the city of Nordenham highlighted

Coordinates: 53 ° 29 ′  N , 8 ° 29 ′  E

Basic data
State : Lower Saxony
County : Wesermarsch
Height : 2 m above sea level NHN
Area : 87.32 km 2
Residents: 26,139 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 299 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 26954
Area code : 04731
License plate : BRA
Community key : 03 4 61 007
LOCODE : DE NHA
City structure: 35 districts

City administration address : 		Walther-Rathenau-Strasse 25
26954 Nordenham
Website : www.nordenham.de
Mayor : Carsten Seyfarth ( SPD )
Location of the city of Nordenham in the Wesermarsch district
Zwischenahner Meer Bremen Bremerhaven Delmenhorst Landkreis Ammerland Landkreis Cloppenburg Landkreis Cuxhaven Landkreis Friesland Landkreis Oldenburg Landkreis Osterholz Landkreis Wittmund Oldenburg (Oldenburg) Wilhelmshaven Berne Brake (Unterweser) Butjadingen Elsfleth Jade (Gemeinde) Lemwerder Nordenham Ovelgönne Stadlandmap
About this picture

With 26,139 inhabitants, Nordenham is the largest town in the Wesermarsch district in Lower Saxony and an independent municipality . The city belongs to the Oldenburger Land region and since 2005 to the European metropolitan region Northwest .

geography

Geographical location

Nordenham at the mouth of the Weser

Nordenham is located on the west bank of the Weser opposite Bremerhaven at its confluence with the North Sea , and north of the cities of Bremen and Oldenburg (Oldb.) . The area consists of marshland .

City structure

Nordenham is divided into the following 35 districts of: Abbehausen , Abbehauser Groden , Abbehauser Horne, Abbehauserwisch, Atens , Atenserfeld, Blexen , Blexersande, Blexerwurp, Bulterweg, Butterburg , Einswarden , Ellwürden , Enjebuhr , Esenshamm , Esenshammer Altendeich, Esenshammer upper dyke Esenshammer Groden , Friedrich August hut , Grebswarden , Großensiel , Havendorf , Heering , Hoffe , Kloster , Moorseersand, Oberdeich, Phiesewarden , Rahden, Sarve, Schockumerdeich, Schweewarden, Schütting, Tettens, Treuenfeld, Volkers. The two islands Langlütjen I and Langlütjen II also belong to the urban area .

history

prehistory

Probably in the 7th / 6th Century BC There was a first settlement in the area of ​​today's city of Nordenham. Storm surges led to the abandonment of the settlements. Probably from the 1st century BC. Then there were settlements on Wurten again , as demonstrated in today's Einswarden district , where excavations had to be carried out in 1938 under unfavorable circumstances.

middle Ages

The district of Blexen is one of the oldest places in Butjadingen and the Wesermarsch (first settlement proven in the 7th century AD). It was first mentioned in a document in 789 on the occasion of the death of Bishop Willehad . The St. Hippolytus Church in Blex became a pilgrimage church over the next few centuries. In the course of the Oldenburg administration reform in 1933, Blexen lost its independence and was added to the city of Nordenhams.

In the Middle Ages, today's urban area belonged to the autonomous Frisian state municipality of Rüstringen , the terra Rustringie . The "free Frisians" claimed at that time that there was no master over them except the emperor. Outwardly, the rural communities were represented by the Redjeven . In June 1220, 16 representatives from Rüstringen signed a contract with the city of Bremen in order to increase legal security and regulate trade. They also include Boyco de Haventhorpe (Havendorf), Everardus de Esmundeshem ( Esenshamm ) and Thancte de Blekence (Blexen).

From the 14th century, in Rüstringen, as in the rest of Friesland, a chief took charge of the state community. In 1395 the Vitalienbrüder sought refuge with the Frisian chiefs and, as pirates, disrupted the trade routes along the North Sea coast. The city of Bremen therefore tried to provide more security with bases along the Weser , Blexen became one of these bases. Various Blexer and Stadland chiefs worked together with the Bremen merchants to protect shipping traffic at the mouth of the Weser from piracy.

The Friedeburg restaurant

In 1404 the people of Bremen built a fortification, the Vredeborch ('Friedeburg'), near the village (and later district) of Atens . From here they went to the field against the insurgent inhabitants of Butjadingen and Stadland. The northern part of the Wesermarsch was still an island at that time and was separated from the mainland by the Heete . The Heete was not dammed up until 1450. The Friedeburg restaurant owned by the “city founder” Wilhelm Müller was demolished in 1956/57. The former Vredeborch is said to have been located here.

The Brother's Kiss (1893)

The Bremen presence on the one hand caused mistrust on the part of the Oldenburg counts, who wanted to expand their power over Butjadingen themselves, and on the other hand caused conflicts with the other Butjadingen chiefs who were calling feuds against the Bremen people. In the course of these conflicts, the sons of the Stadland chief Dide Lubben (Didde Lübben), Dude and Gerold, opposed the people of Bremen. In 1418 they attacked the Friedeburg along with about 50 other men. The attack failed and the two Lubbens were executed in Bremen. According to legend, the younger brother Gerold picked up the severed head of his brother Dude and kissed it. With this brotherly gesture, the Bremen council gave Gerold the freedom if he would marry a bourgeois daughter. Gerold refused this, however, he would rather buy the freedom. This was rejected by the Bremen Council and he was also executed. The execution scene was redesigned in 1894 in a fresco by the painter Hugo Zieger under the title The Brother's Kiss as a symbol of the Frisian will for freedom. The fresco is now on display in the Nordenham Museum. In 1419 Bremen finally tried to defeat the remaining Butjadinger chiefs, Egge Herings von Blexen and Lubbe Sibets von Burhave, who used the local church as fortifications. Both were beaten. In 1424 the East Frisian chiefs Ocko II. Tom Brok and Focko Ukena von Leer came to the aid of the Butjadinger and Stadland captains - out of Frisian solidarity ("van Vreschlandes wege") and to seek revenge for the execution of the Lubben sons. Nevertheless, a compromise was reached on July 29, 1424: The people of Bremen, like the East Frisian chiefs, renounced their rule over Butjadingen. The chiefs did not return, however, and the Redjeven constitution , reinstated by the Bremen in 1419 , remained in place until the Oldenburg conquered the town.

At the end of the 15th century Butjadingen came under the influence of Count Edzard I of East Frisia . As part of the Saxon feud , the united dukes of Braunschweig-Lüneburg and the Count of Oldenburg attacked Edzard and Butjadingen was conquered by them in January 1514 . Oldenburg initially received the Stadland with Esenshamm and Abbehausen as Allodium , in 1517 Count Johann V of Oldenburg had to take the area as a fiefdom from Duke Heinrich the Younger of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel . Butjadingen was divided among the Guelph dukes. A Guelf rulership center was supposed to be built in Blexen in order to collect customs duties for the princes and to administer Butjadingen. But after a failed uprising by the Butjadingen farmers in 1515, the Guelph dukes gradually sold their property to the Oldenburg count, so that Butjadingen finally became Oldenburg in 1523. The count exercised national rule over the newly created castle in Ovelgönne .

In 1505 the short history of the Carmelite monastery at Atens began, which presumably stood on the site of today's Atens church. The prior of the Carmelite monastery in Appingen near Greetsiel and confidante of Edzard I , Johannes Kruse , tried to establish a convent of the Carmelites in Atens. In 1513 the new monastery was accepted into the Carmelite order. Johannes Kruse remained the prior of the Atens monastery until 1528, his successor being Petrus de Monte . But as early as 1530 the Reformation seems to have found its echo in the monastery, since it was reported as desolate in the Carmelite order.

16th to 19th century

After the Oldenburg Count had gained control of Butjadingen, immense sums were invested in the development of the marshland. Dikes and the construction of Vorwerk were pushed ahead to expand Butjadingen economically. Especially under Count Anton V, however, there were repeated conflicts with the self-confident - and until then self-governing - peasants of Butjadingen, who were ignorant of sovereign administration and its legal norms. Reluctant peasants were sometimes imprisoned or driven from their property. The conflicts only subsided under Anton's successor, John VII .

From 1667 to 1773 Butjadingen was administered as part of the County of Oldenburg by the Kingdom of Denmark , since Count Anton Günther had died without a direct heir. After the economic development by the Oldenburgs, the region was now rather neglected by the Danes.

Depiction of a dike breach in 1718, probably during the Christmas flood of 1717

The Christmas flood of 1717 claimed 800 victims in the four parishes Abbehausen, Atens, Blexen and Esenshamm. The parish of Blexen lost 20%, and even 30% of its population. In 1774 Butjadingen became part of the Duchy of Oldenburg, which had come into the possession of the younger Oldenburg line Holstein-Gottorp. At the end of the 18th century the administration and the dyke system were modernized and Butjadingen recovered from the economic crisis.

In 1808 the whole of Butjadingen, like the rest of the Duchy of Oldenburg, was occupied by Dutch troops. In 1813 the population rose against Napoleon's French troops . On March 17, gunners attacked and captured the French Blexer Fort, and the fort's crew was removed. As a result, there were unrest, as residents were accused of collaborating with the French, only a vigilante initiated by the Blexer pastor could restore order. On March 25th, French soldiers arrived in Blexen and retook the fort. The commander of the German gunners, Lübbe Eylers from Zetel , was shot immediately, the rest of them locked up. The next morning, eleven men were executed in the Blexer Kirchhof, some of them civilians. The fort remained in French hands until November 25, when it surrendered to Russian troops.

Statue of the city's founder Wilhelm Müller in front of the Friedeburg town hall

Nordenham developed from the municipality of Atens in the middle of the 19th century. In 1857, the merchant Wilhelm Müller , together with Johann Friedrich Hansing, had a pier, the so-called Ochsenpier, built on the grounds of Gut Nordenhamm , via which North German Lloyd transported cattle to England. Cattle were transported to England from here until 1877 and Nordenham became an important place of loading and trading.

The later city name Nordenham therefore comes from Gut Nordenhamm of the Hansing family, which is why the place was originally written with two m as Nordenhamm . Allegedly, the second "M" was dispensed with as a friendly gesture towards the English, with whom a brisk maritime trade came about. English cities that end in "-ham" are spelled with just an m. The different spellings caused a dispute between the railway and the post office, which is why the Oldenburg government decreed in 1887 that the place should henceforth be called Nordenham .

Nordenham station with the Butjadinger Bahn - historical postcard motif (excerpt)

On October 15, 1875, the first train ran the Hude - Nordenham line. The “Hotel auf dem Deiche” of the city's founder Wilhelm Müller (in the picture the middle section) had previously been converted into a train station and in 1875 it was sold to the Oldenburg state.

In 1878, in the course of the construction of the fortifications on the Langlütjen Islands, the first telephone in the Oldenburger Land was put into operation in the Blexen post office. It connected the station with the telegraph office in Nordenham.

Expansion into an international grain and petroleum port

After 1877, instead of exporting cattle, importing petroleum and grain was handled via Nordenham. The demand had risen drastically, at the same time the Weser increasingly silted up, so that trade shifted more strongly to the Lower Weser. There was also more and more storage space in Nordenham. "At the end of 1879, 29 sheds with a total area of ​​almost 14,000 m² were available, in 1884 more petroleum could be stored in Nordenham than in the large ports of Antwerp, Rotterdam and Amsterdam combined, over 200,000 barrels." In the 1880s, the Port facilities (six jetty and one pier) were rebuilt by the State of Oldenburg and a 122 m long pier was created from two southern piers. This created the prerequisites for the “seven fat years”. In Bremerhaven the port facilities were to be expanded, the Kaiserhafen was to be built. During the expansion, however, the express steamers of North German Lloyd could not be dispatched to New York. The state of Oldenburg suggested using the left bank of the Weser near Blexen for this. After negotiations, it was agreed on March 20, 1890 that North German Lloyd could use the Nordenham port facilities. From 1891 to 1897, express steamers sailed twice a week from Nordenham to New York and brought emigrants to America. Hotels, inns and dining houses were built and the population increased to around 2000. The port had to be rebuilt several times and the longitudinal pier finally reached a length of 1000 m.

Wilhelminian style and founding of the city

On November 10, 1905, the Bremen shipowner Adolf Vinnen called the "Midgard" Deutsche Seeverkehrs-AG into being, which took over, managed and expanded the port facilities in Nordenham, which had been built in the meantime, and managed a number of larger fish steamers. At the time, Nordenham had the largest private port in the world. As early as 1896, Vinnen had established the German steam fishing company North Sea on a site near the Weser, on which a fishing port was established by 1897. With the establishment of the Nordenhamer Terrain-AG (1906) and the " Visurgis" Heringsfischerei AG (1907) he contributed to the economic boom of the place. North of the fishing port, the North German submarine cable works settled in 1899 . The shipyard Frerichs AG was founded in Einswarden in 1905 . In 1906, Metallwerke Unterweser AG (Friedrich-August-Hütte) with zinc and lead processing and its subsidiary, Superphosphat AG , were added, which processed the sulfur phosphates produced during metal production into pure superphosphate . Due to the rapid development and growth of Nordenham within a few years, one speaks of the "early days" between 1895 and 1907.

At the end of the founding years, around 6000 inhabitants lived in the municipality of Atens, which is why the municipality tried to become a town from 1907 onwards. On May 1, 1908, Atens was renamed Nordenham and Nordenham was awarded the town charter, 2nd class. The first town hall was not built on the market square until 1910. Until then, the administration was tenant in a building on Ludwigstrasse.

National Socialism 1933–1945

In the November 1932 election, the NSDAP won 27.2% of the votes in Nordenham and 28.3% in Blexen, up to 10 percentage points less than in the July 1932 election. After the elections in March 1933, it came to the city council for a short time a stalemate, as the SPD won the most votes in Nordenham and the coalition of NSDAP and other nationalist groups did not win the majority. But the council lost its powers. In March 1933, the elected SPD mayor Johann Lahmann and his deputy were removed from office. All powers were transferred to the new State Commissioner Emil Gerdes (NSDAP) appointed by the National Socialist state government. When the SPD was banned in June 1933, there was a city council in Nordenham controlled by the NSDAP. After the seizure of power , a protective custody camp of the SA was set up on the island of Langlütjen II in 1933/34 to take in political prisoners from the Bremen concentration camp Mißler . In the industrial and working-class city, streets that were named after the Social Democrats and Democrats were renamed. From the Friedrich-Ebert -Straße was until 1945 Adolf Hitler -Straße,

In the course of the administrative reform of the Oldenburg authorities and municipalities, the village of Blexen was incorporated on May 15, 1933, increasing the area of ​​the city to 42 square kilometers and the population to around 15,000. As a result of the administrative reform, Nordenham lost the official seat, which was moved to Brake for the newly created Wesermarsch district , but retained the tax office and the district court.

As a result of the armament and the port location, Nordenham's economy grew rapidly until the war. On the site of the former Frerichswerft , the Weserflug company began repairing seaplanes in 1935 and built land planes during the war. In 1929 the pier facility of the Midgard port was renewed from public funds , so that it developed into a modern special port for handling coal and coke to Scandinavia. The project of a land and sea airport in Blexen was not completed by the end of the war.

During the November pogroms of 1938 , Jewish residents and institutions were the target of attacks. A prisoner of war camp was built in the Papenkuhle in the Blexen district after the start of the Second World War .

Nordenham was the target of an Allied bombing raid in June 1944 . 68 people were killed, the bombs hit primarily the Fulda and Werra streets and some houses in the city center. Canadian troops invaded the city on May 6, 1945. After that, American troops took over the crew and used the Weserflug grounds as a supply depot. From 1946, Nordenham was under British military administration .

post war period

Silesians in particular, who came from the areas now under Polish sovereignty, settled in Nordenham in 1946, which increased the population to around 28,000. Nordenham has been an independent town since 1955. In 1953 the administration moved into a new building on Walther-Rathenau-Straße. The old town hall was handed over to the police. In the meantime, the police have also moved into a new building on Walther-Rathenau-Strasse and the “Old Town Hall” now houses a housing association and an art association.

On October 14, 2007, mayor Georg Raffetseder (CDU), elected in 2003 and suspended in April 2007, was voted out of office in a referendum with 93.6% of the votes and 46% turnout. He was suspended as mayor after he was charged with attempted extortion and bribery in the Oldenburg Regional Court . In July 2007, the court sentenced him to a suspended sentence of 15 months.

Incorporations

In the course of the municipal reform, which came into force on March 1, 1974, the formerly independent municipality of Abbehausen and the main part of the municipality of Esenshamm were incorporated into the urban area.

––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
0Population development in Nordenham

Population development

year 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 2017
Residents 28,722 29,083 28,989 27,950 27,298 26,448 26,230

(as of December 31st)

religion

Christianity

The first Baptists in Nordenham belonged to the congregation in Bremerhaven-Lehe around 1863 . Around 1900 more intensive work began from there in Nordenham, which was exposed to strong opposition. Nevertheless, it was possible to build and inaugurate its own chapel in 1909 , which - after a major renovation in 1961 - continues to be used. After the Second World War, the community experienced a strong increase in membership to up to 140 people, but this decreased again as a result of waves of emigration. Today the congregation has its own pastor with a membership of around 60 people, whereby children are not listed as members.

Islam

In Nordenham there is a larger group of Muslims, predominantly of Turkish origin, who are served by two mosques to practice their faith:

  • DITIB Selimiye Mosque in Nordenham
  • IGMG Milli Görus Mosque in Einswarden

politics

City council

Election to the Nordenham City Council in 2016
preliminary final result
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
47.07
26.33
8.53
7.64
6.87
3.53
Gains and losses
compared to
 % p
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
+0.26
+0.88
+1.90
+1.57
-4.09
-0.51
Distribution of seats from 2016 in the North Ham city council
      
A total of 36 seats

The council of the city of Nordenham consists of 36 council women and councilors. This is the specified number for a municipality with a population between 25,001 and 30,000 inhabitants. The 36 council members are elected by local elections for five years each. The current term of office began on November 1, 2016 and ends on October 31, 2021. The full-time mayor is also entitled to vote in the municipal council.

The city council elections on September 11, 2016 led to the following result:

  • SPD , 47.07%, 17 seats
  • CDU , 26.33%, 10 seats
  • FDP , 8.53%, 3 seats
  • WIN , 7.64%, 3 seats
  • Greens , 6.87%, 2 seats
  • Die Linke , 3.53%, 1 seat

The turnout was 44.96%.

The previous elections (1996, September 9, 2001, September 10, 2006, September 11, 2011) had the following results:

1996 2001 2006 2011
Political party % Seats % Seats % Seats % Seats
SPD 55.30 22nd 52.10 20th 41.16 15th 46.81 17th
CDU 29.96 10 31.66 12 33.22 12 25.45 9
Green [1] [1] 05.01 1 03.29 1 10.96 4th
FDP 09.29 3 11.21 4th 11.38 4th 06.63 2
left - - - - - - 04.04 2
WIN - - - - 10.92 4th 06.07 2
ANL 06.25 2 - - - - - -
Others 02.17 0 - - - - - -
Total [2] 100 37 100 37 100 36 100 36
voter turnout 57.89% 47.82% 46.05% 44.79%

Remarks:

[1] Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen started in 1996 as the left-green group of voters "Alternative Nordenhamer List (ANL)".

[2] Without taking into account rounding differences

mayor

The full-time mayor of the city of Nordenham is Carsten Seyfahrt (SPD). In the last mayoral election on September 8, 2015, he prevailed with 59.83 percent of the vote against three opposing candidates. The turnout was 39.90 percent. Before being elected mayor, Seyfahrt was “First City Councilor” for five years.

Nordenham coat of arms

coat of arms

The city's coat of arms shows “the old Frisian eagle with the coat of arms of the county (duchy) of Oldenburg united in a back shield and an unclear anchor in silver placed in a heart shield. In the coat of arms of the County of Oldenburg, the so-called Delmenhorster Cross is listed in gold in blue ”. The coat of arms was designed by the Oldenburg archivist Gottfried Sello and awarded on January 16, 1912.

flag

The colors of the flag are red-yellow-blue, in order from top to bottom. It shows the city's coat of arms as a symbol.

Town twinning

There have been town twinning with Peterlee in the north of England since 1981 and with Swinoujscie in north-west Poland on the island of Usedom since 1992. Since 2011, the third town twinning has been established with the French town of Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray .

Culture and sights

Buildings

The Moorseer Mühle
Fluttermühle opposite the Moorseer Mühle

The city ​​museum shows exhibits from the industrial and city history, u. a. the "brother kiss picture" in two versions. The restored historical Galerie-Holländer- Windmühle Moorseer Mühle is the only windmill in the area with two wind roses and the last fully functional windmill in the district. It forms a station on the Frisian Mühlenstraße and the Lower Saxony Mühlenstraße . There is also a museum on the history of milling in two buildings. There is a flutter mill directly opposite the Moorseer Mühle .

The Jedutenhügel in Nordenham-Grebswarden is said to have existed as early as the Viking times. The historical department store in Abbehausen is both a museum and a department store .

The Evangelical Lutheran St. Hippolyt Church in Blexen with the Münstermann altar and the Willehadus fountain used to be the destination of pilgrimages. Its construction time goes back to the end of the 11th century (choir) and the 12th century (nave). In the Atens district there is an Evangelical Lutheran St. Mary's Church from the 16th century, the foundation walls of which go back to a Carmelite who settled here in 1505. The Evangelical Lutheran St. Laurentius Church, which was built in 1858 on the foundations of a previous church building, was built in the Abbehausen district in 1858 and houses an altarpiece designed by Erich Klahn in 1951 . This so-called "Abbehauser Altar" with a "Germanic-blond-looking Christ in front of a north German half-timbered structure, the beams of which reminded one of the Nazis' rune of life" has also been the subject of discussions since the 2000s about the work of this artist. According to the information provided by the bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Hanover, Ralf Meister, the work should not be covered or removed; a discussion should take place in the churches about the artist in which his works are displayed. The bishop announced this on February 9, 2016, when he presented a new report by the art historian Herbert Pötter about the artist. A special feature of the Evangelical Lutheran St. Matthew Church in the Esenshamm district, built around 1352, is the stalls with around 150 house brands, which have abundantly carved texts on the bank cheeks.

There is also the Evangelical Lutheran Pauluskirche, built in 1964/66 in the Friedrich-August-Hütte district, which has a Beckerath organ from 1979, and the Evangelical Lutheran Peace Church in Einswarden from 1978, which was originally designed for the Martin Luther Luther Church is home to a particular organ made by the EF Walcker company from Ludwigsburg from 1954. There is also a Roman Catholic St. Willehad parish church from 1909 (rebuilt in 1959) and a Roman Catholic Herz-Jesu parish church from 1927 in the Einswarden district.

Other sacred buildings are the zoo chapel of the Evangelical-Free Church community and the Evangelical-Lutheran chapel of the retirement home "To Hus aft Diek" in Blexen, built in 1994. The New Apostolic Church dates from 1964. Jehovah's Witnesses have a so-called Kingdom Hall . In addition to the Christian meeting houses, there are also two Islamic centers, the Selimye Camii Mosque and the Milli Görüs Mosque in Einswarden.

Jedutenhügel in 3D (squint image)

freetime and sports

There is an extensive active sports scene in Nordenham, which is reflected in many different clubs:

In the district of Atens and in the districts of Abbehausen and Esenshamm there is also a shooting club . The sport shooter Nordenham e. V. has the largest system of its kind in the Wesermarsch district with 20 shooting ranges for air guns . The Nordenham rowing club offers hiking trips and island exploration and takes part in the traditional trip around the Strohauser Plate .

The tennis club Nordenham e. V. known. This was founded in 1907 and is known nationwide for its excellent youth work. Its five outdoor courts and two indoor courts (there are also squash boxes and a restaurant) are located directly on Friedeburgpark.

With the Klootschießer- and Boßelvereinen Abbehausen, Nordenham, Phiesewarden and Schweewarden and the Klootschießerereinen Blexen, Esenshamm and Tettens, seven clubs offer their approximately 1000 members activities in Frisian sports. Boßeln , Klootschießen and throwing balls are particularly active .

Regular events

Every year in July the Fonsstock Festival takes place on the Weserstrand. The festival is dominated by the music genre Ska-Punk and has been attracting 800 to 1000 visitors annually since 1998. So far, well-known bands such as B. Normahl , Turbostaat or Rubberslime the honor.

Kunstverein Nordenham

The founding impetus for the Nordenham Art Association went back to the Bartels couple. They moved with their family from Braunschweig to Nordenham. Since they both grew up surrounded by art, they lacked the opportunity to interact with like-minded people in Nordenham. With the support of the city director, the non-profit association was launched on September 14, 1972. Even today, the association is supported annually by the city of Nordenham. At the beginning the association did not have its own rooms. At times it was possible to use the premises of the Museum Nordenham for his exhibitions. In 2002 the association was able to move to the lower floor of the 'Old Town Hall'. Every year around six exhibitions by regional and national artists from Germany are shown.

Nordenham Museum

The museum is located in the former renovated school. The focus is on the recent history of the city of Nordenham. The focus of the permanent exhibition is Nordenham's connection to the water, to shipping, to its location on the deep river. There are also special exhibitions.

Economy and Infrastructure

Entrance into the Weser tunnel
Ferry between Nordenham-Blexen and Bremerhaven

traffic

Since the completion of the Weser Tunnel south of the city in the municipality of Stadland , Nordenham has a direct connection to the A 27 ( Loxstedt - Stotel driveway ) via the B 437 . In the opposite direction on the B 212 , from Brake on the B 211 , you reach Oldenburg . In the course of the expansion of the B 212 , a bypass around the Esenshamm district was created, in addition to the Nordenham bypass that was completed a few years earlier.

There is a direct connection from Nordenham via Hude and Delmenhorst to Bremen via the Blexen – Hude railway line . It has been integrated into the regional S-Bahn Bremen / Lower Saxony network since mid-December 2010 . The section of the route north from Nordenham to Blexen is used exclusively by freight traffic to Nordenham Friedrich-August-Hütte. From 1908 the Butjadinger Bahn also ran from the Nordenham train station through the northern part of the Wesermarsch, until the end of October 1959 with goods traffic to Eckwarden, after which only the remainder remained to Stollhamm. By the end of 1968, the rest of the traffic was also set and the route abandoned. The former embankment to Stollhamm is now a combined cycle and footpath and also a section of the European coastal long- distance hiking trail E9 .

Urban bus traffic is handled by the Wesermarsch transport company. In addition, there is a 2-hour cycle between Nordenham and Oldenburg (Oldb.) , Which is made by the 440 regional bus - the Weser Sprinter .

From Nordenham-Blexen the Weser ferry Nordenham – Bremerhaven sails across the river.

port

Loading crane (seesaw) in Midgard Harbor
Heavy-duty cranes from Steelwind in Blexen

In the port of Nordenham on the Unterweser federal waterway , 2.4 million tonnes of goods were handled by sea (with ocean-going vessels) in 2019 (2017: 3.18 million t, 2016: around 2.5 million t, 2015: 2.69 Million t, 2014: 2.2 million t; 2013: 2.7 million t; 2012: 3.5 million t). General cargo throughput in 2016 included 95,209 t of steel products and 8,478 t of submarine cable for the new offshore wind farms ; in 2017 it was 1.63 million t of coal and 185,144 t of mineral oil products. An important port operator is Rhenus with the Midgard Pier with handling facilities, especially for bulk goods such as coal. The former Midgard Deutsche Seeverkehrs AG today has two modern seaport facilities in Nordenham and Nordenham-Blexen. The company has been part of the Rethmann Group (Selm) since January 1st, 1998.

Established businesses

Commercial area along the Weser

A large part of the North Ham population - around 4,500 people - work in industrial companies, which benefit mainly from the proximity to the Weser (sea-deep fairway). The following companies are particularly worth mentioning (according to size, or have existed here for a long time):

The economic development of the city of Nordenham

The North German Seekabelwerk AG moved in 1899 to be the first industrial plant in Nordenham. Today this still has an impact on the economic life in Nordenham.

Metallwerke Unterweser AG was founded in 1908 . The company served to use the ship's space (ballast) arriving from overseas on the Lower Weser with ores . This resulted in the establishment of an artificial fertilizer factory , the superphosphate factory (1906–1908), where the sulfuric acid from metal smelting was processed. After a crisis in the fertilizer industry in 1988, the factory was closed.

The industrialization was the First World War stopped. Due to the post-war period from 1921 to 1925 the existing stock corporation had little success with the establishment of the "Oldenburger Schiffswerft". The Frerichs shipyard fell victim to the economic crisis in 1935.

The economic upswing that began in 1935/36 also affected heavy industry; This also benefited the Oldenburg shipyard, branches of the Bremen Weser-Flugzeugbau-Gesellschaft as a repair shop for machines from Dornier , Junkers , Arado and Heinkel .

On August 1, 1949, the company Felten & Guilleaume opened a production facility for cables , switches and switchgear in the halls of the Weserflug Nordenham (formerly Oldenburger Werft).

Further development at the Felten & Guilleaume (F&G) location

1950: Production of Bleichert electric carts and electric motors
1951: 800 employees were involved in the manufacture of cable accessories
1956: Production of releases for residual current circuit breakers
1957: Manufacture of telecommunications cable sets
1977: Relocation of engine production from Braunschweig to Nordenham
1979: Series production of the PX100 circuit breaker
1998: The three business areas in Nordenham became independent GmbHs. The Moeller Group from Bonn took over the majority of Felten & Guilleaume AG .
1999: F&G parted with its cable activities. Cable production in Cologne and Kabelgarnituren GmbH in Nordenham were sold to the Danish NKT Group.

tourism

Tourism plays an economically important role for the city and its surroundings between the North Sea , Jade Bay and Weser . A lake park with a bird sanctuary provides local recreation and also houses a children's and youth farm.

energy

Since the beginning of the 1980s, the school at Luisenhof has had a wind power plant with 80 kW peak power from Enercon , which feeds wind power into the general power grid as part of a pilot project .

The Unterweser nuclear power plant , which is often incorrectly assigned to the Esenshamm district of Nordenham, is located in the municipality of Stadland south of the city . In the novel “License renewed” , the British author John Edmund Gardner had a fictitious nuclear reactor in “Esenshamm in West Germany” threatened by international terrorists and rescued by James Bond .

media

Citizen radio and television is offered by Radio Weser.TV , which emerged as a citizen radio broadcaster from the open channel of the Weser estuary. The studio is located in the town hall tower on Walther-Rathenau-Straße.

Press

The independent press began in Nordenham and Atens with the establishment of the Butjadinger Zeitung. Entertainment and advertisement sheet for the Aemter Stollhamm u. Ovelgönne . The first edition appeared on July 1, 1876. The subtitles of the sheet changed in the following period, u. a. also due to the continuation of discontinued other newspapers:

1879 to 1883: Addition … for the Butjadingen office
1883 to 1902: no subtitles
1902 to 1910: General gazette for Butjadingen and Stadland
1910 to 1913: Frisian national newspaper. Nordenhamer Tageblatt. General-Anzeiger (and) Latest news for ...
1913 to 1933: Frisian national newspaper. Nordenhamer Tageblatt. Oldenburgische Unterweser-Zeitung. General gazette and newer news for the entire oldenburg Wesermarsch. and industrial area (Wesermarsch Office)
1934 to 1939 in the subtitle: news sheet ...

In 1939 the newspaper was renamed Butjadinger Zeitung (and) Der Weserbote. Oldenburg. Unterweser newspaper. News bulletin for the Oldenburg Wesermarsch and industrial area (Wesermarsch district) . The new title was due to the continuation of the newspaper Der Weserbote from Brake , which was discontinued in 1939. In 1940 there was another switch to Der Weserbote. Oldenburg. Unterweser newspaper. News bulletin for the Oldenburg Wesermarsch and industrial area (Wesermarsch district) . At this point in time, the sheet was continued until the last issue on May 14, 1945.

From 1949 the paper was called Kreiszeitung Wesermarsch . Butjadinger Newspaper. The Weserbote. Oldenburg. New edition of the Unterweser newspaper.

The political tendency was independent and liberal until 1933 . Until 1892 the sheet was printed in Atens, from then on in Nordenham by the "Verlag Wilhelm Böning".

From 1910 to 1913 the Friesische Landeszeitung appeared in Nordenham as a subsidiary of the Nordwestdeutsche Zeitung in Bremerhaven . The Frisian national newspaper was continued by the Butjadinger Zeitung from 1913 .

In 1914/1915 Der Marschenbote appeared in Nordenham at short notice , which was printed by Karl Blanke. The editors were Meta Blanke and Johann Lahmann. It was a field post newspaper .

In 1945/1946 three news papers of the American occupation forces appeared in Nordenham :

  • 224th Roarer. 224th Field Artillery Battalion Information Bulletin . The editors were first FE Wallace, then BF Hart; apparently officers of the US Army. The sheet was printed by Böning, Nordenham. It appeared at the same time in Bremerhaven.
  • Cannoneer's Post , published apparently by US Army officers Raymond L. Bond, followed by Jack Meisenholder. The sheet was also printed by Böning.
  • The tally. Nordenham Ordnance (Base) Depot . It was published from August 31, 1945 to October 11, 1946. a. George La Porte, Phil. Thaw, RB Leydecker, Lou Esposito, George M. Harden, Curtis E. Perry, Karl H. Schon, Jos. H. Jansen. The area of ​​distribution was the stationing area Unterweser ( Bremen Port Area ). This sheet was also printed by Böning.

Today the Kreiszeitung Wesermarsch and the Nordwest-Zeitung appear in Nordenham with their respective local sections.

Public facilities

Nordenham has two swimming pools with 25-meter pools and an outdoor pool area in the Störtebeker leisure pool . The Friedeburg town hall for various events was created from the former hotel of the town's founder Wilhelm Müller in the 1950s. An observatory with a planetarium is located in the rooms of the Nordenham High School. The city ​​library is also located in an extension of the high school near the city center. A former sports hall, the Jahnhalle , has been converted into a youth and cultural center and a youth hostel of the DJH is located directly on the beach area next to the campsite .

education

After the education system of the State of Lower Saxony was changed in 2004, the previous orientation levels were dissolved. Their buildings are now available to the secondary secondary schools and the Nordenham grammar school. Nordenham also has a vocational school and an adult education center .

Aid organizations

There are five aid organizations in Nordenham :

All five organizations participate in the social fund of the Nordenham aid organizations. If necessary, the social fund supports the helpers of the organizations and their families in the event of operational and industrial accidents.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

sons and daughters of the town

People from the city

See also

literature

  • Matthias Nistal: Art. Nordenham. In: Albrecht Eckhardt (Ed.): Oldenburgisches Ortlexikon. Archeology, geography and history of the Oldenburger Land. Vol. 2: L-Z. Isensee-Verlag, Oldenburg 2011, pp. 726-732.
  • Wolfgang Günther [and a.]: Nordenham. The story of a city. Edited on behalf of the city of Nordenham by Eila Elzholz, Isensee-Verlag, Oldenburg 1993, ISBN 3-89598-153-2 .
  • Christoph Heilscher: Nordenham: green city on the water. Böning-Verlag, Nordenham 2004.
  • Nordenham yesterday and today: 100 years of city history 1908–2008. Edited by the city of Nordenham, Schewe-Verlag, Nordenham 2008, ISBN 978-3-00-024807-8 .
  • Klaus Wiborg: Nordenham . Böning-Verlag, Nordenham 1955.
  • Walter Barton: Bibliography of the Oldenburg press. Part I (The Newspapers) Section 2.2: The newspapers of the north Oldenburg districts of Friesland and Wesermarsch. (with three graphs). In: Oldenburg Yearbook. 59th Volume, 1960, pp. 83-110.
  • Timothy Saunders: Industrialization on the river - the example of Nordenham. In: Hartmut Bickelmann (Ed.): Fluss, Land, Stadt. Contributions to the regional history of the Lower Weser (= series of publications by the Landscape Association of the Former Duchies of Bremen and Verden. 36 / Publications of the Bremerhaven City Archives. 20). Bremerhaven 2011, ISBN 3-931879-48-8 .
  • Ralf Witthohn: Bulky goods and high-tech from the western bank of the Weser. In: Association of German Shipowners e. V. (Ed.): Deutsche Seeschifffahrt. Issue 2, 2011, pp. 40-43, ISSN  0948-9002 .
  • Peter Klan, Kunstverein Nordenham e. V .: Langlütjen. Two fortress islands in the Wadden Sea between Bremerhaven and Nordenham, ISBN 978-3-00-034150-2 .

Web links

Commons : Nordenham  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Nordenham  - Travel Guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help ).
  2. ↑ Werner Haarnagel : Einswaren , in: Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde , Vol. VII, Walter de Gruyter, 1989, pp. 33–37. Cf. Peter Schmid: Archaeological settlements on prehistory and early history. In: Wolfgang Günther (among others): Nordenham. History of a city , Oldenburg 1993, pp. 13–51, pp. 13ff.
  3. ↑ Cf. Carsten Roll: From 'asega' to 'redjeven'. On the constitutional history of Friesland in the Middle Ages. In: Concilium medii aevi 13 (2010). Pp. 187-221. online (PDF).
  4. ^ Heinrich Schmidt: The Nordenham area in the Middle Ages and the Reformation. In: Wolfgang Günther (among others): Nordenham. History of a city. Oldenburg 1993, pp. 81–160, p. 100. The source is edited: Bremer Urkundenbuch I, no. 119.
  5. ^ Heinrich Schmidt: The Nordenham area in the Middle Ages and the Reformation. In: Wolfgang Günther (among others): Nordenham. History of a city , Oldenburg 1993, pp. 81–160, pp. 129ff.
  6. ↑ See Heinrich Schmidt: The Nordenham area in the Middle Ages and the time of the Reformation. In: Wolfgang Günther (among others): Nordenham. History of a City , Oldenburg 1993, pp. 81–160, p. 137.
  7. ^ Heinrich Schmidt, The area of ​​Nordenham in the Middle Ages and the Reformation, in: Wolfgang Günther (among others), Nordenham. History of a city, Oldenburg 1993, pp. 81–160, pp. 145f.
  8. ^ Heinrich Schmidt: The Nordenham area in the Middle Ages and the Reformation. In: Wolfgang Günther (among others): Nordenham. History of a City , Oldenburg 1993, pp. 81–160, p. 150.
  9. ↑ Cf. Rosemarie Krämer: The history of the city of Nordenham from the 16th to the 19th century. In: Wolfgang Günther (among others): Nordenham. History of a city. Edited on behalf of the city of Nordenham by Eila Elzholz, Oldenburg 1993, pp. 161–330, pp. 162f.
  10. ↑ Cf. Rosemarie Krämer: The history of the city of Nordenham from the 16th to the 19th century. In: Wolfgang Günther (among others), Nordenham. History of a city. Edited on behalf of the city of Nordenham by Eila Elzholz, Oldenburg 1993, pp. 161–330, pp. 193f.
  11. ↑ a b cf. Wolfgang Günther: Blexen and Nordenham in the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Wolfgang Günther (among others), Nordenham. History of a city. Edited on behalf of the city of Nordenham by Eila Elzholz, Oldenburg 1993, pp. 161–330, pp. 193f.
  12. ^ Wolfgang Günther: Nordenham. The history of a city , Isensee, 1993, p. 371.
  13. ↑ See Wolfgang Günther: Blexen and Nordenham from the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Wolfgang Günther (among others), Nordenham. History of a city. Edited on behalf of the city of Nordenham by Eila Elzholz, Oldenburg 1993, pp. 331-599, p. 539.
  14. ↑ a b Cf. Ellen Reim, Nordenham: A City with a Past and a Future ( Memento from August 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) - as of July 12, 2011
  15. ↑ See Wolfgang Günther: Blexen and Nordenham from the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Wolfgang Günther (among others): Nordenham. History of a city. Edited on behalf of the city of Nordenham by Eila Elzholz, Oldenburg 1993, pp. 331–599, p. 546
  16. ↑ See Wolfgang Günther: Blexen and Nordenham from the 19th and 20th centuries. In: Wolfgang Günther (among others), Nordenham. History of a city. Edited on behalf of the city of Nordenham by Eila Elzholz, Oldenburg 1993, pp. 331-599, p. 555.
  17. ↑ Ellen Reim, Nordenham: A City with a Past and a Future ( Memento from August 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) - as of July 12, 2011.
  18. ↑ Mayor deselection in Lower Saxony, October 15, 2007 , accessed on June 22, 2014.
  19. ↑ Mayor deselection in Lower Saxony, August 29, 2007 , accessed on June 22, 2014.
  20. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart and Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 276 .
  21. ↑ LSKN-Online
  22. ↑ baptisten-nordenham.de , accessed on May 23, 2011
  23. ↑ Around 100 potential stem cell donors , accessed on March 30, 2012
  24. ↑ a b c Preliminary overall results of the 2016 city council election , accessed on January 3, 2017
  25. ^ Lower Saxony Municipal Constitutional Law (NKomVG) in the version of December 17, 2010; Section 46 - Number of MPs , accessed on January 3, 2017
  26. ↑ Overall result of the mayoral election 2015 November 8th , 2015 , accessed on January 3, 2016
  27. ^ Main statute of the city of Nordenham. Retrieved July 16, 2019 .
  28. ^ Main statute of the city of Nordenham. Retrieved July 16, 2019 .
  29. ↑ Lower Saxony Mill Road : Moorseer Mühle
  30. ↑ Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung, No. 34 of February 10, 2016, p. 6
  31. ↑ Fonsstock · Festival on the western beach · Nordenham. Retrieved July 16, 2019 .
  32. ^ Eckhard-Herbert Arndt: Lower Saxony's ports are growing . In: Daily port report of February 13, 2020, p. 1
  33. ↑ German seaports report stable handling development . In: Schiff & Hafen , issue 4/2018, pp. 32–36, here p. 34
  34. ^ Peter Kleinort: Economic reconstruction weighs on ports . In: Daily port report of February 28, 2017, p. 3
  35. ↑ Frank Binder: Emden: New record for car handling . In: Daily port report of February 16, 2016, p. 3
  36. ↑ Eckhard-Herbert Arndt: Ports want to grow sustainably . In: Daily port report of February 17, 2015, p. 3
  37. ↑ Differentiated picture in the development of the envelope . In: Schiff & Hafen , issue 4/2014, pp. 44–47, here p. 47
  38. ↑ Different development of the turnover figures. Balance 2012 . In: Schiff & Hafen , issue 5/2013, pp. 16/17, Seehafen-Verlag, Hamburg 2013, ISSN  0938-1643
  39. ↑ www.nsw.de
  40. ^ Steelwind Nordenham
  41. ^ Social fund of the five Nordenham aid organizations , accessed on April 1, 2012