State Library Oldenburg

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State Library Oldenburg
Building of the state library on the horse market
founding 1792
Duration 801,000
Library type Regional library
place Oldenburg (Oldb) Coordinates: 53 ° 8 ′ 49 ″  N , 8 ° 12 ′ 54 ″  EWorld icon
ISIL DE-45
Website http://www.lb-oldenburg.de/

The Oldenburg State Library is the regional library for the north-western part of Lower Saxony and, alongside the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library in Hanover and the Herzog August Library in Wolfenbüttel, one of the federal state's three state libraries.

The library was opened in 1792 as the Ducal Public Library . From 1847 the official name of the library was Oldenburg Public Library . Since 1925 it has been called the Oldenburg State Library . With the end of the state of Oldenburg , the state library came under the sponsorship of the newly founded state of Lower Saxony in 1946.

history

The Ducal Public Library, founded in 1792 by Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig of Oldenburg, was, in contrast to other princely court libraries, designed as a scientific utility library for the administrative apparatus and as an educational library for the general public. The library therefore offered the option of home borrowing right from the start and was freely accessible on all working days. In particular, members of the upper and middle class with an academic background made use of the library. In the second half of the 19th century the library tried to differentiate itself from reading associations and popular education societies and temporarily restricted the liberal usage conditions. These restrictions were lifted again in 1892. Throughout the 19th century, the library's book inventory grew, despite tight financial resources and rising book prices, always supplemented according to the ideal of universality.

With the outbreak of the First World War , the inflation and global economic crisis that followed in the 1920s, the library's continuous inventory growth came to a standstill. Due to a lack of funding, numerous journals were canceled and a number of larger sequels were sold in order to raise funds for new acquisitions in other areas.

During National Socialism , the state library was integrated into the National Socialist propaganda apparatus. In 1933 she received the legal deposit right . With an increased budget, National Socialist literature was purposefully acquired and integrated into the inventory. In addition, the so-called specialist office for libraries was set up in the Oldenburg State Library , which was responsible for the ideological alignment of the church and communal libraries in the Oldenburg region .

During the Second World War , the valuable parts of the inventory were outsourced. This resulted in losses and bearing damage. On the night of September 22nd to 23rd, 1943, the state library was badly damaged in an air raid on Oldenburg . Around 10,000 volumes from the inventory were destroyed, and until the end of the war only a reduced number of lending operations was possible.

After 1945, the library was able to gradually increase its efficiency thanks to a growing budget. Since 1951, the state library has been involved in interlibrary loan and has taken on the role of a leading library for the region. In the seventies the cooperation with the newly founded library of the University of Oldenburg began , which among other things led to a common regional union catalog (ORBIS). In 1998 the changeover to electronic loan booking took place .

Accommodation

The library was originally located on the ground floor of the Oldenburg Palace. During the time of the French occupation (1810-1814) the library was outsourced and could only be reopened in the old penitentiary next to the castle in 1819/20. Since 1839 a large new building was planned on the dam, which the library moved into in 1846 and which has been part of the State Museum for Nature and Man since 1971 . The building was badly damaged in the Second World War, so that the library had been housed in the former armory on Ofener Strasse from 1946/47. The library moved to its current location in a converted former infantry barracks on the horse market in 1987.

Tasks and holdings

tasks

As a universal scientific library, the library provides a broad range of information for the entire population in the region. With its extensive old stock and the traditional focus on acquisitions in the humanities, it supplements and expands the literature supply of the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg . In addition, as the regional library for the north-west, the state library collects and archives the region’s publications. The focus of the collection is the history and cultural history as well as regional studies of north-west Germany, in particular of the old state of Oldenburg, as well as the Low German language and literature. Oldenburgica are collected with the claim to completeness. According to its own information, the library has around 801,000 media units. These include 1,113 manuscripts, 460 incunabula , almost 141,000 old prints and 59 bequests (as of December 31, 2009). Since 1965, the library has no longer had the right to deposit copies , since in Lower Saxony this is only exercised by the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library . Following its regional collection and cataloging order, the Oldenburg State Library is processing the Oldenburg bibliography that appears in the Oldenburg yearbook and is now also accessible as a database. She also maintains the directory of Low German authors . It has also been one of the official partner libraries in the Schu: Bi School and Library project since 2004 . Education partner for reading and information literacy .

Stocks

Brandes Collection

The Brandes Collection, which is considered to be one of the most important German private libraries of the Enlightenment, formed the basis of today's Oldenburg State Library in 1792. Today, however, it is not kept as a closed collection, but is integrated into the old system of the inventory. In 1790, Duke Peter Friedrich Ludwig bought the encyclopaedic library of the court councilor and university advisor to the Hanoverian government Georg Friedrich Brandes (1719–1791), which contains around 22,000 volumes . Brandes had put this library together in the course of his life and had consulted with Göttingen university librarians, especially Christian Gottlob Heyne . Combining the elements of a learned and bibliophile library encompasses all scientific subjects. However, the 22,000 volumes have a clear focus on the history of science and the humanities, especially in the area of ​​antiquity and linguistics and literature.

Sample volumes from the Brandes Collection

With its richly decorated leather covers and bookcuts, the collection has a clearly bibliophile character. It can still be clearly identified today through the typical bindings as well as the numerous bookplates and handwritten name notices.

Since the end of 2010, a selection of around 200 volumes has been presented in the so-called Brandes digital collection of the state library. The digitization takes place as part of a project on site and is related to a large exhibition about Brandes, which was shown from November 2010 to February 2011 in the state library.

Saxony mirror

The Oldenburg illuminated manuscript of the Sachsenspiegel from 1336, written in Middle Low German , is kept in the Oldenburg State Library under the signature Cim I 410. It is one of four illuminated manuscripts in the Sachsenspiegel. The Oldenburg Picture Codex comprises 136 parchment sheets. With the text of the Sachsenspiegel 125 sheets are described. A total of 81 sheets have pictorial columns, of which only 44 pictorial scenes were completely executed with careful coloring. 40 scenes are found exclusively in the Oldenburg manuscript and have no parallels in the illuminated copies in Dresden, Heidelberg and Wolfenbüttel. The colophon of the manuscript shows that the Oldenburg Sachsenspiegel was created by Count Johann III. was commissioned by Oldenburg and made in the Benedictine monastery of Rastede by Hinrich Gloyesten as a scribe. The codex was sold in 1991 by Anton Günther Herzog von Oldenburg to the Niedersächsische Sparkassenstiftung , which handed over the illuminated manuscript to the Oldenburg State Library for permanent storage.

Special collections

Several specifically purchased private libraries were also integrated into the old system. These served primarily to expand the basis laid by the Brandes collection. These include, for example, the collection of 1,069 Oldenburgensien prints by Johann Samuel Neumann, acquired in 1792, and the 3,010 volumes Juridica by Adolf Friedrich Trendelenburg acquired in 1804 . The expansion of the state library into a universal library was systematically continued, including the Gerhard Anton Gramberg collection, acquired in 1820, with 5,295 volumes primarily relating to medicine (2,114 volumes) and German literature, the 222 maps purchased in 1833 and 2,850 volumes of Juridica, Natural Sciences and Geography by Christoph Friedrich Mentz (1765–1832), the Wilhelm Ferdinand Ludwig Voss (1781–1840) medical library, which was added in 1842, of 1,783 copies, and the collection of 4,500 volumes and around 6,000–7,000 theological dissertations and small papers by Gottfried Adolf Böckel (1783–1854). An exchange of doublets with the Eutin State Library also increased the stock in the 19th century.

In addition, the state library keeps a few other collections, some of which are set up separately and marked with their own signature system. This is intended to preserve their original collection character. These are z. B. around 76 volumes Juridica and Theologica by Remmer von Seediek (* around 1500; † 1557), which were taken over from the grammar school library of the Mariengymnasium in Jever in 1840 . To date, only half of the Seedieks private library is kept in the State Library under the signature group RvS, the other half is still in the Mariengymnasium. Significant larger additions took place at the beginning of the 20th century. In 1911, for example, the 1,255 volumes Juridica from the President of the Higher Appeal Court, Christian Ludwig Runde (1773–1849), were acquired. They are listed under the signature group OAPP. In the years 1919 to 1923, the 11,200 volumes and 383 maps of the Grand Ducal Oldenburg Military Library came to the State Library, where they are kept under the shelf mark group MB. The library of the pedagogical course with 2,400 copies of contemporary specialist literature was acquired in 1934 for the holdings of the State Library and placed under the shelf mark group P (plus subject abbreviation). In addition, since 1965 there have been around 18,000 volumes grouped together under the Schum reference group from the private collection of the economist Hermann Schumacher as a deposit in the holdings of the Oldenburg State Library.

Directors

(The years given are those of the directorate.)

literature

  • Gabriele Crusius: Foundation and early history of the Ducal Public Library in Oldenburg (1792–1847) . Holzberg, Oldenburg 1981, ISBN 3-87358-131-0 .
  • Gabriele Crusius: Enlightenment and Bibliophilia. The Hanoverian collector Georg Friedrich Brandes and his library . Winter, Heidelberg 2008, ISBN 978-3-8253-5422-0 .
  • Gabriele Crusius: Collective culture in the spirit of the Enlightenment. The library of Georg Friedrich Brandes in the State Library of Oldenburg . Winter, Heidelberg 2010, ISBN 978-3-8253-5762-7 .
  • Egbert Koolman (Ed.): Ex Bibliotheca Oldenburgensi. Library research on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the Oldenburg State Library . Holzberg, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-87358-380-1 .
  • Egbert Koolman: Oldenburg State Library. In: Bernd Hagenau (Ed.): Regional libraries in Germany . Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 2000, ISBN 3-465-03085-0 , pp. 169-174.
  • Egbert Koolman: Oldenburg, State Library. In: Detlev Hellfaier (Hrsg.): State library building in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. New buildings, extensions and conversions between 1975 and 2002 . Klostermann, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-465-03291-8 , pp. 122-131. (to the building)
  • Egbert Koolman: Use and users of the Ducal Public Library in Oldenburg 1792–1810. In: Heinrich Schmidt (Ed.): Peter Friedrich Ludwig and the Duchy of Oldenburg. Contributions to the regional history of Oldenburg around 1800 . Holzberg, Oldenburg 1979, ISBN 3-87358-111-6 , pp. 213-230.
  • Klaus-Peter Müller: The Oldenburg State Library from the turn of the century to 1945 . Holzberg, Oldenburg 1987, ISBN 3-87358-293-7 .
  • Corinna Roeder: The public libraries in Oldenburg and Eutin . In: Jörgen Welp (Red.): Dedicated to the well-being of Oldenburg: Aspects of the cultural and social work of the House of Oldenburg, 1773–1918 (= publications of the Oldenburg landscape . Vol. 9). Published by the Oldenburg landscape, Isensee, Oldenburg 2004, ISBN 3-89995-142-5 , p. 151 ff.
  • Beatrix Veit: On the history of the Oldenburg State Library from 1847 to 1907 . Holzberg, Oldenburg 1988, ISBN 3-87358-321-6 .

Web links

Commons : Landesbibliothek Oldenburg  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jörg Deuter: Oldenburg - a north German townscape. Oldenburg 1988, p. 215.
  2. ↑ http://www.lb-oldenburg.de/uberlbo/gesch_lb.htm History
  3. ↑ vifabbi.de
  4. ↑ profile ; Duration
  5. ↑ Statistics of the State Library 2009 ; German library statistics (DBS) for the year 2009 ( Memento of the original from January 28, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . See also the variable evaluation of the DBS  ( page can no longer be called up , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.bibliotheksstatistik.de@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bibliotheksstatistik.de  
  6. ↑ lb-oldenburg.de
  7. ↑ schubi-ol.de
  8. ↑ digital.lb-oldenburg.de
  9. ↑ Collective culture in the spirit of the Enlightenment. The library of the Hanoverian civil servant Georg Friedrich Brandes in the Oldenburg State Library. ( Memento from December 4, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) on: lb-oldenburg.de , November 2010.
  10. ↑ lb-oldenburg.de
  11. ↑ http://www.lb-oldenburg.de/uberlbo/haben/schwerpt.htm <and http://fabian.sub.uni-goettingen.de/fabian
  12. ^ Ludwig Wilhelm Christian von Halem. In: Hans Friedl u. a. (Ed.): Biographical manual for the history of the state of Oldenburg . Edited on behalf of the Oldenburg landscape. Isensee, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-135-5 , pp. 273-274 ( online ).
  13. ^ Egbert Koolman: Merzdorf, Johann Friedrich Ludwig Theodor In: Hans Friedl u. a. (Ed.): Biographical manual for the history of the state of Oldenburg. Edited on behalf of the Oldenburg landscape. Isensee, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-135-5 , pp. 453-455 ( online ).