Bremen

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Bremen Map of Germany, position of the city of Bremen highlighted

Coordinates: 53 ° 5 '  N , 8 ° 48'  E

Basic data
State : Bremen
Height : 11 m above sea level NHN
Area : 325.56 km 2
Residents: 567,559 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 1743 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes : 28195-28779
Area code : 0421
License plate : HB
Community key : 04 0 11 000
City structure: 5 boroughs

City administration address :
Am Markt 21
28195 Bremen
Website : www.bremen.de
Mayor : Andreas Bovenschulte ( SPD )
Location of the city of Bremen in the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
Stadtbremisches Überseehafengebiet Bremerhaven (zu Stadt Bremen) Bremerhaven Bremen Niedersachsenmap
About this picture
Bremen city center: the market in front of the town hall, the Liebfrauenkirche on the left, the cathedral on the right, in front of it the House of Citizenship, behind it the Domshof square

The Municipality of Bremen is the capital of the country City of Bremen (short for "Bremen", pronunciation ? / I , regional [bʁeːm]). In addition to the city of Bremen, the city of Bremerhaven, 53 km to the north, also belongs to the two-city state . The city of Bremen is the eleventh largest city in Germany and belongs to the European Northwest Metropolitan Region with a good 2.7 million inhabitants, one of a total of eleven European metropolitan regions in Germany. Audio file / audio sample

The Bremerhaven overseas port area is an exclave of the city of Bremen within Bremerhaven.

geography

View from the Stephanibrücke towards the city ​​center with the cathedral

Bremen lies on both sides of the Weser , about 60 kilometers from its confluence with the North Sea or its transition into the Outer Weser near Bremerhaven. At the height of Bremen's old town , the Mittelweser merges into the Unterweser , which is expanded from the Bremen railway bridge into a sea ​​shipping route. The landscape to the left of the Lower Weser, traversed by the Ochtum , is known as the Wesermarsch , the landscape to the right of the Lower Weser belongs to the Elbe-Weser triangle . The Lesum , with its source rivers Wümme and Hamme , the Schönebecker and the Blumenthaler Aue form the tributaries of the Weser from here.

Aerial panorama of the Weser in Bremen

The urban area is around 38 kilometers long and 16 kilometers wide (maximum values). Bremen is based on the area (see: List of the 100 largest municipalities in Germany ) the sixteenth largest city ​​in Germany and based on the number of inhabitants, after Hamburg, the second largest city in northern Germany and the eleventh largest in all of Germany (see: List of major cities in Germany ) .

Bremen is located about 50 kilometers east of Oldenburg (Oldb) and 180 kilometers east of Groningen , 110 kilometers southwest of Hamburg , 120 kilometers northwest of Hanover , 100 kilometers north of Minden and 105 kilometers northeast of Osnabrück . Part of the Bremerhaven port area, the city ​​of Bremen's overseas port area, forms an exclave of the city of Bremen.

DEU Wilhelmshaven COA.svg
Wilhelmshaven
104 km
Coat of arms Bremerhaven.svg
Bremerhaven
53 km
Coat of arms of Hamburg.svg
Hamburg
110 km
Oldenburg coat of arms.svg
Oldenburg (Oldb)
50 km
Neighboring communities DEU Lüneburg COA.svg
Lueneburg
136 km
Osnabrück Wappen.svg
Osnabrück
105 km
Wappen-minden.svg
Minden
100 km
Coat of arms of Hannover.svg
Hanover
120 km

Neighboring communities

The city of Bremen (567,559 inhabitants) is completely enclosed by the state of Lower Saxony (with the exception of the exclave Stadtbremisches Überseehafengebiet Bremerhaven , which is surrounded by the city of Bremerhaven). In the west, the independent city of Delmenhorst (77,559 inhabitants December 31, 2019) and the Wesermarsch district (88,583 inhabitants) with the municipalities of Lemwerder , Berne and Elsfleth border, in the north the Osterholz district (113,928 inhabitants) with the municipalities of Schwanewede , Ritterhude and Lilienthal , in the east the district of Verden (137,133 inhabitants) with the communities Ottersberg , Oyten , Achim and in the south the district of Diepholz (217,089 inhabitants) with the communities Weyhe and Stuhr . This collection of municipalities is known as the “ bacon belt ” because some of their residents earn income in the state of Bremen, but pay income tax, property tax and other levies to the state in Lower Saxony.

Bremen is with 25 other surrounding municipalities and two districts in the municipal association Lower Saxony / Bremen in which 1.05 million people live.

The closest major cities are in the west the city of Oldenburg (169,077 inhabitants December 31, 2019) and in the north the seaside town of Bremerhaven (113,643 inhabitants). For the agglomeration of Bremen around 987,400 inhabitants are estimated, for the broader metropolitan region northwest over 2.37 million. Of the 239,063 employees subject to social security contributions in the city of Bremen, 103,206 or 43.2% of all employees commute from outside the city . Of the 168,443 employees subject to social security contributions who live in the city of Bremen, 32,586 commute to and from their place of work outside the municipality.

City structure

The sculpture of the
Bremen Town Musicians, created by Gerhard Marcks in 1953, stands in front of the town hall

The city of Bremen is divided into five city districts. Of the total of 88 districts, four are assigned directly to a city district, the others are grouped into 18 city districts, which in turn are assigned to the city districts. Due to its high population, Oberneuland is a district, although it does not consist of several districts. The names of the city and districts are largely based on names that have evolved over time. For certain local administrative tasks 17 are local authorities responsible, four as a common local offices for every several city or districts.

An advisory board is responsible for the districts and independent districts at the local political level. Exception: The districts of the Harbors district are looked after by other advisory boards due to their small number of inhabitants or are not advisory boards. The 22 advisory councils are elected directly by the citizens every four years and meet in public several times a year. The powers of the advisory council are similarly limited to those of the district assembly or district assembly of other city-states.

The city of Bremen also includes the city ​​of Bremen's overseas port area of around 8 km² , for which the city of Bremerhaven is responsible under contracts with the city of Bremen as the municipal administration. There are currently contracts for garbage collection as well as fire protection, assistance and rescue services. The area belongs to the Häfen district , but is not assigned to an advisory board due to the lack of geographical proximity to other Bremen districts. This means that the overseas port area is the only part of the municipality of Bremen in which the citizens do not elect an advisory board.

Waters

The federal waterway of the Weser , which flows through the city center, represents a border that has evolved over time: Even today, a distinction is made in many names between "left of the Weser" (southern urban area) and "right of the Weser". The border between Bremen-Stadt and Bremen-Nord along the Lesum , a tributary of the Weser, is significant geographically, historically and for everyday life . South of the Lesum is Marsch , the Werderland , north of it Geest , the Bremen Switzerland . However, the political boundary of the Bremen-Nord district is a little further south. Another tributary of the Weser, the Ochtum , forms the natural southern border of the city of Bremen. The Wümme flows through Borgfeld and is then a border river to the point where it flows into the Lesum (together with the Hamme ).

The largest inland lake is the Sportparksee Grambke with 40 ha.

Nature reserves

Bremen has 18 nature reserves , which make up a total area of ​​2126.9 ha and thus 6.69% of the city's area. The largest are the Borgfelder Wümmewiesen (677 hectares), the Ochtum lowlands near Brokhuchting (375 hectares), the Werderland (330.7 hectares) and the western Hollerland (Leherfeld) with an extension (293 hectares).

Surveys in Bremen

The city center is located on a Weser dune, which at the Bremen Cathedral a natural height of 10.5  m above sea level. Reaches NHN ; the highest point at 14.4  m above sea level. NHN is to the east of it at the police station (Am Wall 196). The 32.5  m above sea level NHN, the highest natural elevation in the city and in the state of Bremen, is located in Friedehorstpark in the northwestern part of Burglesum . This means that Bremen has the lowest of the highest natural elevations of all federal states . The summit of the landfill in the Hohweg district of the Walle district , which according to various statements is between 42  m above sea level The park elevation towers above sea ​​level and is 49  m high.

climate

Like most of Germany, apart from the higher low mountain range and Alpine regions, Bremen has a cool, moderate climate with clear maritime influences due to its proximity to the North Sea , so that the temperature differences between winter and summer are smaller than further inland. Nonetheless, at any time of the year there can be periods under the influence of continental air masses, which lead to heat waves in summer and prolonged periods of frost in winter. In general, however, temperature extremes are rare, and temperatures below −15 ° C and above 35 ° C only occur every few years. The warmest month is July with an average of 18.0 ° C and the coldest is January with 1.8 ° C (reference period 1981-2010). The highest ever measured temperature in Bremen was 37.6 ° C on August 9, 1992. The lowest ever officially measured temperature was −23.6 ° C on February 13, 1940, but Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers reported −27.3 ° C to have measured on January 23, 1823.

As in the rest of the country, the average temperatures in Bremen have risen in recent years, which has led to an increase in the annual average temperature of 0.6 ° C between the two climate reference periods 1961–1990 and 1981–2010. So was z. B. 2014 with an average temperature of 11.1 ° C, as in most regions of the state, also in Bremen, the warmest year since the beginning of the recording.

Despite its location in the comparatively little sunshine north-western half of Germany, there has been an increase in the annual sunshine duration of 62 hours between the periods 1961–1990 and 1981–2010 in Bremen over the past few years, with the months of April, May and July benefiting most from this . This trend has intensified again around the turn of the millennium, so that the years 2001–2015 now have an average sunshine duration of 1609 hours, almost 130 hours more than in the old reference period 1961–1990. As almost everywhere in Germany, the winters in particular remain very cloudy and with little sunshine, in December only a little more than one hour of sun is recorded on average per day (of seven astronomically possible). While Bremen has a little less sunshine in summer than the German area average, the spring is more sunny compared to regions further inland, as the still cool seas counteract the formation of clouds. The sunniest month of the year on average 1981-2010 in Bremen is then also May and not July, as is the case at most of the inland stations.

Precipitation falls throughout the year with a slight tendency towards dry springs and wetter summers, the latter mainly due to showers and thunderstorms. Over the course of a year, an average of 697 mm of precipitation falls at the airport , with not inconsiderable differences within the urban area. The amount of precipitation in the form of snow , on the other hand, is comparatively low and fluctuates a lot from year to year. While in some years there is only a small snowpack on a few days at all, there are also years with very long-lasting snowpacks (most recently in 2010 with 77 snowpack days). On average from 1977 to 2007 there was snow on 19.3 days per year, the snow cover record on February 18, 1979 was 68 cm. Interestingly, this was - despite Bremen's comparatively mild winter and snow-poor location in the north-west German lowlands - at the same time the highest snow cover that has been measured in a German city with over 500,000 inhabitants since the Second World War .

The following climate tables contain data for the reference period 1961–1990 (temperatures, days of precipitation, humidity) and 1981–2010 (precipitation, daily hours of sunshine).

Bremen
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.
 
 
62
 
5
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56
 
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47
 
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59
 
9
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3
Temperature in ° Cprecipitation in mm
Source: DWD, data: 2015–2020; wetterkontor.de
Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Bremen
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 5.1 6.9 9.9 14.6 19.3 22.9 24.3 23.9 20.0 14.4 8.9 7.8 O 14.9
Min. Temperature (° C) −0.2 0.2 1.6 3.6 7.7 11.6 13.1 12.5 9.6 6.8 3.0 3.0 O 6.1
Temperature (° C) 2.4 3.5 4.2 9.1 13.5 17.2 18.7 18.2 14.8 10.6 5.9 5.4 O 10.3
Precipitation ( mm ) 62 56 47 44 26th 62 51 68 56 48 59 46 Σ 625
Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 1.5 2.5 3.5 5.7 6.9 6.4 6.6 6.2 4.8 3.5 1.8 1.3 O 4.2
Rainy days ( d ) 19th 15th 17th 14th 12th 15th 14th 16 15th 17th 17th 19th Σ 190
Humidity ( % ) 87 84 80 75 71 73 75 75 81 84 87 88 O 80
T
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
5.1
−0.2
6.9
0.2
9.9
1.6
14.6
3.6
19.3
7.7
22.9
11.6
24.3
13.1
23.9
12.5
20.0
9.6
14.4
6.8
8.9
3.0
7.8
3.0
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
N
i
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d
e
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s
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62
56
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26th
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51
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  Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Source: DWD, data: 2015–2020; wetterkontor.de

Environmental situation

According to a study carried out by the Kiel University's Institute for the World Economy in 2012, Bremen was at the lower end of the city comparison with regard to the environmental situation. In terms of “environmental capital”, it came in 66th of the 100 largest independent cities. Several indicators were recorded and compared across Germany: air quality ( fine dust pollution , ozone pollution , nitrogen dioxide pollution ), land use (proportion of settlement and traffic areas, proportion of natural areas) and waste management ( household waste , recycling rate ). In the case of fine dust and ozone pollution, in contrast to nitrogen dioxide pollution, it was not the average concentration but the number of days in which limit values ​​were exceeded that were used as a benchmark. The "natural area" indicator is not defined. On the other hand, it should be noted that a large part of the electrical energy in the city of Bremen is generated from fossil fuels, which results in relatively higher CO 2 emissions.

In the city of Bremen, air pollutants have been measured by the Bremen air monitoring system ( BLUES ) since 1987 . Road noise was first systematically recorded in 1977 using a noise register. An environmental information system provides a detailed description of the status of various topics such as nature reserves and water quality.

history

Surname

The place name is in the 9th / 10th. Century attested as Brema, Bremae, Bremun; The latter form, the basis of the current form of the name, is interpreted as a locativically used dative of the plural of the Old Saxon / Middle Low German word brem , border, edge (of the land / des water / the dune) '(cf. English brim ).

First settlements up to Christianization

Bremen around 1600

Between the 1st and 8th centuries AD, the first settlements arose on the Weser , offering protection from floods on a long dune and at the same time good access to a ford .

Diocese

As a bishopric and merchant settlement, Bremen's history goes back to the 8th century. But it was initially still an unsafe mission area. The missionary Willehad wrote in 782: "... we were driven out of Bremen and two priests were killed." In 787, Charlemagne raised the city to the seat of a bishopric. United since the late 9th century with the Archdiocese of Hamburg to form the Archdiocese of Hamburg-Bremen, under Archbishop Adalbert (1043-1072) Bremen gained influence on the imperial level for the first time.

Imperial freedom and the Hanseatic League

With the Gelnhaus privilege of Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa in 1186, Bremen became an imperial city (popularly a free imperial city ).

The city joined the Hanseatic League in 1260, but was at times an uncertain alliance partner in the Hanseatic League. Thanks to the free trade associated with membership in the Hanseatic League, Bremen flourished, as can be seen from magnificent monuments to this day . The city, which was increasingly gaining economic importance, partly shook off the ecclesiastical rule of the Diocese of Bremen and built the Roland (1404) and its town hall (1409) on the Bremen market square , which are now a UNESCO World Heritage Site , as a symbol of its secular freedom .

Expansion of the city

Bremen 1641

To protect the Weser harbor, which was built between 1574 and 1590, the fortified Neustadt was built on the west bank of the Weser. However, the Weser increasingly silted up, and it became more and more difficult for merchant ships to moor at the slaughterhouse , which had been used as an offshore quay since the 13th century . From 1619 to 1623, Dutch designers built Germany's first artificial harbor in Vegesack , which is located downstream .

Imperial immediacy

During the Thirty Years' War , Bremen was able to achieve recognition of its imperial immediacy through the Linz diploma , which was awarded by Emperor Ferdinand III. was issued. This imperial immediacy nevertheless remained threatened. Thus, through concessions in 1741 in the 2nd Stade settlement with the Electorate of Braunschweig-Lüneburg , Bremen had to reach an agreement on the claims to power and the right to contribute .

Bremen market square 1859
City map 1885
Bremen around 1900, photography from Stadtwerder to the city center
1911 Bremen free port
1959 Bremen overseas port

In 1783 merchants from Bremen began direct transatlantic trade with the USA . In 1802 the city commissioned the landscape gardener Isaak Altmann to transform the former city fortifications into today's ramparts .

French occupation, acquisition of Bremerhaven

In 1811 Napoleon occupied Bremen and integrated it into the French state as the capital of the Bouches-du-Weser department . After their defeat in the Wars of Liberation , the French troops left Bremen in 1814.

In the 19th century, Bremen played a major role in the development of German overseas trade. The first steamship built by Germans was built at Johann Lange's shipyard in 1817 . The paddle steamer Die Weser operated as a passenger and mail ship between Bremen, Vegesack, Elsfleth and Brake , later also Geestemünde until 1833. Because of the increasing siltation of the Weser, the Bremerhaven settlement was created in 1827 as an outpost on land bought by the Kingdom of Hanover . Friedrich von Bremer and the Mayor of Bremen, Johann Smidt , signed the contract to acquire the port area for Hanover on January 11, 1827 .

The closing of the city ​​gates at sunset, the gate lock, was abolished in 1848. This fact accelerated the industrial development of the city. The Wunstorf – Bremen railway line, financed jointly by the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and the Royal Hanover State Railways , went into operation in 1847. After extensive embankment of the surrounding marshland , terraced house development with so-called Bremen houses, which was typical for Bremen until the 20th century, began in the suburbs in 1853 .

industrialization

In 1812 Bremen had around 35,000 inhabitants; In 1875 the limit of 100,000 was exceeded. In 1911 the city already had 250,000 inhabitants. In 1857 the North German Lloyd was founded , later also other shipping companies. In 1867 Bremen became a member of the North German Confederation and in 1871 of the German Empire . Because of the seaports, the Hanseatic cities of Bremen, Hamburg and Lübeck remained customs abroad after 1870/71. They did not join the German Customs Union until 1888 . The free ports of Bremen and Hamburg then remained outside the German customs area. From 1886 to 1895, the navigation channel was corrected to ensure that the Weser was navigable for seagoing ships as far as Bremen. In 1890 the Northwest German Trade and Industry Exhibition took place on the grounds of the Bürgerpark . Bremen's economic development continued during the Weimar Republic . Scheduled flights began at the airport in 1920. The Columbuskaje in Bremerhaven was inaugurated in 1928 . By starting here, the passenger ship won Bremen the Blue Riband for the fastest Atlantic crossing. With the economic importance, the number of inhabitants also grew considerably.

The Roland

Dictatorship and World War II

The beginning of the National Socialist rule also meant a deep turning point in the life of the city for Bremen. Bremen was incorporated into the Gau Weser-Ems , whose administrative seat was in Oldenburg. It was promised to move the Gauleitung to Bremen, but that did not happen.

At the beginning of 1933 the Jewish community in the state of Bremen had 1,438 members. During the November pogroms in 1938 , shops and private houses were looted and the Jewish cemetery was devastated. Five Jews were murdered and hundreds were arrested. SA troops destroyed the two synagogues in Bremen . By 1941, around 930 Jews from Bremen had managed to leave Nazi Germany . In the autumn of 1941, 50 children were deported to a concentration camp on a "school trip" . On 18 November 1941 440 Jews were the Minsk ghetto deported and 434 of them on 28 or 29 July 1942 victims of the Holocaust . The memorial book of the Federal Archives for the victims of the National Socialist persecution of Jews in Germany (1933–1945) lists 921 Jewish residents of Bremen who were deported and mostly murdered.

The first Mißler labor camp was set up as early as 1933 , in which 170 prisoners were initially interned, mostly communists and social democrats . Later camps were intended for forced labor , such as the Farge camp , which was built for the construction of the Valentin submarine bunker from around October 1943 for 13,000 Polish, French and Soviet prisoners of war .

In 1939 Bremen lost the city of Bremerhaven (except for the overseas port area), which was united with the Prussian-Hanoverian Wesermünde . The city of Bremen area was enlarged to include today's area north of the Lesum (except for Vegesack, which previously belonged to Bremen), Hemelingen, Arbergen and Mahndorf . Some peripheral communities were simply forgotten (Beckedorf). Other assignments proposed by the American occupation administration after 1945 were rejected by Mayor Kaisen (Syke, Weyhe, Stuhr).

As in many German cities, large building projects were planned in Bremen in accordance with the “Law on the Redesign of German Cities”. These plans ultimately came to a standstill as a result of the Second World War .

In the air war of World War II Bremen suffered heavy destruction. In particular, the north-west with the three large shipyards AG Weser ( Deschimag ) in Gröpelingen and Bremer Vulkan and Vegesacker shipyards in Vegesack was the target of the bombers. The goals were also the Focke-Wulf aircraft construction at the airport , the factories of the Borgward group in Hastedt and Sebaldsbrück as well as the residential areas near the city center such as B. the Stephaniviertel . In 173 attacks by the Royal Air Force and United States Army Air Forces , 62% of the urban fabric was destroyed, killing around 4,000 people. The invasion of British troops on April 26, 1945 ended Nazi rule.

Since 1945

Bremer Kornhaus , built in 1591,
destroyed in 1944

In order to secure supplies for the US troops as a port of embarkation , Bremen and Bremerhaven , located in the British occupation zone , became a US exclave . Wilhelm Kaisen was President of the Senate from 1945 to 1965 . In 1947 the citizens of Bremen adopted the constitution of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen . In 1949 Bremen became a Land of the Federal Republic of Germany.

2004 were City Hall and the Stone Roland for UNESCO - World Heritage declared.

In 2009 the city received the title Place of Diversity awarded by the federal government .

In the port area, Bremen has been building the new Überseestadt district on an area of ​​300 hectares since 2000 . In 1998 the basin of the Überseehafen was filled and built over.

Population development

Population development in Bremen from 1871 to 2018

In 1969 the population reached its historic high of 607,184. By the end of 1986 the number of primary residences had fallen to 521,976. In the course of reunification, the population grew rapidly to 554,377 in December 1992. By the end of the century, the number of primary residences fell again to 540,330. As of December 31, 2015, 557,464 residents were registered.

politics

The Citizenship Building

The parliament of the State of Bremen, which is elected every four years, is the Bremen Citizenship . 68 MPs in Bremen and 15 MPs in Bremerhaven are elected in two separate electoral areas. The MPs elected in the Bremen electoral area also form the municipal citizenship.

At the top of the state and city administration is the Bremen state government , the Senate. Andreas Bovenschulte (SPD) has been President of the Senate and Mayor since August 15, 2019. The Deputy President of the Senate is also traditionally referred to as the mayor. The Bremen Senate as the state government currently has nine members (4 SPD , 3 Greens , 2 Left ).

The senators manage their Senate department in state affairs (such as ministers in a large state ) and in municipal affairs of the city of Bremen (such as department heads in large cities), as well as the state and local authorities assigned to their area of ​​expertise.

See also: List of Mayors of Bremen | List of Bremen Senators | List of Labor Senators from Bremen | List of the building senators of Bremen | List of Education Senators from Bremen | List of Finance Senators from Bremen | List of Health Senators from Bremen | List of interior senators of Bremen | List of Justice Senators from Bremen | List of Social Senators from Bremen | List of the Environment Senators from Bremen | List of the Senators for Economic Affairs from Bremen | List of parliamentary group chairmen of the Bremen citizenship | Election results and senates in Bremen

coat of arms

Large coat of arms Bremen
Blasonierung : "The crest of Bremen shows red a basic obliquely right erected, with the beard by left facing silver key Gothic form (" Bremer key "). A golden crown restson the shield , whichshowsfive prongs in the shape of a leaf above the ring adornedwith precious stones ("middle coat of arms"). In the case of the small coat of arms, only the key is shown without the crown. The large coat of arms, on the other hand, also has a console or a ribbon-like base on which the shield rests. The shield is held by two erect, backward-looking lions with their front paws . "
Reasons for the coat of arms: The key is the attribute of the Apostle Peter , the patron saint of Bremen Cathedral. It appears as a coat of arms symbol in Bremen's city seal as early as 1366. Throughout history, the shape of the key changed several times. Some of the city arms also showed Saint Peter with the key. The shapes outside of the escutcheon also changed several times. For example, the lions first appeared on the large coat of arms in 1618. In its current form, the coat of arms goes back to the coat of arms order of 1891.

In Bremen vernacular, a connection is made to the coat of arms of the city of Hamburg by mockingly saying: "Hamburg is the gateway to the world, but Bremen has the key to it."

Seal of the city of Bremen 1366–1834

The seal

The oldest city seal in Bremen (1229–1365) shows Bishop Willehad on the left, Charlemagne, on the right . The following city seal (1366–1834) shows, sitting next to each other on a bench, on the left the emperor with crown, scepter and orb and on the right Saint Peter with tiara , sword and key .

In 1948 a new official seal was introduced, which shows the coat of arms of the flag as the large seal of the President of the Senate , the large coat of arms of Bremen as the small seal for authorities and the middle coat of arms or the Bremen key for other officials .

flag

Bacon flag
State flag on the town hall

The flag of Bremen is red and white stripes at least eight times (the exact number is not specified) and rolled on the flagstick. It is also known colloquially as the bacon flag .

The national flag contains the flag's coat of arms with a key and three lions in the middle. The service flag only carries the key coat of arms. The flag of Bremen bears the colors of the Hanseatic League , red and white.

Town twinning

Bremen maintains active city ​​partnerships with:

  • PolandPoland Gdansk , Poland , has been the oldest partnership since 1976 and the first partnership between a West German and a Polish city Bremerhaven sealed a sponsorship for Elbing as early as 1954 , as many displaced people from there settled in Bremerhaven after 1945. So the Schichau works were founded there again.
  • LatviaLatvia Riga , Latvia , 1985
  • China People's RepublicPeople's Republic of China Dalian , People's Republic of China , 1985
  • IsraelIsrael Haifa , Israel , 1988
  • TurkeyTurkey İzmir , Turkey , 1995
  • South AfricaSouth Africa Durban , South Africa , 2011

Currently dormant partnerships exist with:

Bremen maintains informal relationships with:

Finances

At the beginning of 2019, the city had debts of almost 9 billion euros. On January 1, 2020, the state of Bremen took over a debt of 8.6 billion euros from the city. There were still loans from the special port fund in the amount of 600 million euros with the city.

Culture and sights

Church
of Our Lady from Obernstrasse
Schnoor
City scales (Weser Renaissance)

Buildings

See also: Bremen monumentsList of monuments and statues of the city of BremenList of fountains in the city of BremenList of important Bremen buildingsList of murals in BremenList of tallest buildings in Bremen

Around the market square

The Roland is the focal point and a landmark of the city. The original head of Roland is on display in the Focke Museum . During the Second World War it was replaced by a copy for fear of being destroyed by bombing. His gaze is directed towards the St. Petri Cathedral , which has the Cathedral Museum and the lead cellar ready for visitors . Next to the Roland stands the town hall , in whose Ratskeller wine is served and sold. Roland and town hall are part of the UNESCO World Heritage . The Bremen Town Musicians , also a symbol of the city, can be found on the west wall of the town hall . The German Fairy Tale Route ends here . It is joined by the former council church of Our Lady .

Connected to the old town hall is the new town hall from 1913, in the neo-renaissance style , based on plans by Gabriel von Seidl . The Bremen Senate Chancellery is located here .

On the opposite side of the market square is the Schütting , the house of the merchants, the Bremen citizenship and to the west a number of buildings from the 18th and 19th centuries.

The Böttcherstraße from 1922 to 1931 leads from the market square to the Martinikirche and the Weser.

Churches in the old town

On the banks of the Weser

The Schlachte begins at the level of the Martinikirche, the historic bank promenade with numerous gastronomic offers, which was renovated in the 1990s. Opposite on the peninsula between the Weser and the Kleine Weser is the Teerhof , on which, in addition to the Museum Weserburg and the Society for Contemporary Art (GAK), there are residential developments built in the 1990s.

In Stephani quarter , the highlights Hostel Bremen or the House of Youth produces clearly visible.

Schnoor district

The Schnoor is a medieval Gängeviertel in the old town of Bremen and probably the oldest settlement center. The quarter owes its name to the old ship craft. The corridors between the houses were often related to professions or objects: there was an area in which ropes and ropes were made (Schnoor = cord), and an adjacent area in which wire and anchor chains were made (Wieren = wire) . Numerous houses from the 17th and 18th centuries are still preserved and give a romantic impression of life in earlier times. In the years 1856/57 the office building of the landlords was built here, and the position of landlord was not lifted until September 19, 1945.

Weser Renaissance and Neo-Renaissance

From the time of the Weser Renaissance , among other things, Preserved: The Bremen town hall (core building from the Gothic style) from 1612 and the Schütting from 1538 - both on the market, the Stadtwaage from 1587 and the Essighaus from 1618 - both in Langenstrasse - and the commercial building at Ansgariikirchhof from 1620.

In the 19th and 20th Century were inter alia. Post office 1 on Domsheide (1879), the Bremen Cotton Exchange (1902) and the Bremer Bank am Domshof (1905) built in a historicizing style in the neo-renaissance style.

Particularly noteworthy structures

The
Bremen City Hall, which was expanded in 2005
Schönebeck Castle

Bremen house

The Bremer Haus is a row house type that has its roots in England. In various sizes, it was intended for all social groups and determined residential construction in Bremen from the mid-19th century until the 1930s. In the districts of Schwachhausen, Steintor, Ostertor and Neustadt, you will mainly find the large type, which was built for wealthier citizens, while in working-class areas such as Walle and Gröpelingen the smallest with one or two full floors and lower storey heights.

theatre

The Theater Bremen is a municipal theater of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen with performances of operas, operettas, musicals, plays and dance theater. It consists of several venues - the largest of them is the theater on Goetheplatz in the district . In 2007, the Bremen Theater was voted Opera House of the Year under Klaus Pierwoß .

In addition, Bremen has a diverse theater scene with numerous, established theaters in independent or private sponsorship. At the bremer shakespeare company in the Theater am Leibnizplatz , the name says it all . Madame Lothár's travesty theater in Schnoor was a Bremen institution. Staging of modern plays can be seen in the Junge Theater . The Schnürschuh Theater has become known as a children's and youth theater . Founded in 1976, readings and music events are also held there.

In 1994, in addition to the street theater festival La Strada with up to 100,000 spectators annually (see German street theater festivals ), the Outnow festival for international up-and-coming artists from the fields of drama, music theater, dance and performance was established.

Museums

Overseas Museum in Bremen
The universe of Bremen

The museum landscape in Bremen is diverse.

music

The bell in Bremen

Classic

The Bremen Philharmonic was founded in 1825 and is the official orchestra of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen. Christian Kötter-Lixfeld is the artistic director of the Bremen Philharmonic, and Markus Poschner has been the general music director since 2007 .

The Deutsche Kammerphilharmonie Bremen , which has been based in Bremen since 1992, is one of the world's most active orchestras. The Estonian conductor Paavo Järvi has been the artistic director since 2004 .

The main venue for classical music in Bremen is Die Glocke , built in 1928, next to the cathedral. Herbert von Karajan counted the bell among the three best concert halls in Europe.

In the Theater am Goetheplatz under the direction of find Theater Bremen regular opera - and operetta performances.

The music department of the University of the Arts Bremen with the Academy for Early Music founded in 1986 makes an important contribution to the diverse cultural life of the Hanseatic city in addition to artistic training through numerous concerts and events in the concert hall and gallery.

Musical theater

Musical theater

In the Musical Theater Bremen you can find a combination of music and theater.

Popular music

The Waldbühne in the Bürgerpark , beer garden and place for regular jazz events.

The German rock band Wolfsmond (Wie der Wind so frei) , the indie rock band Trashmonkeys , which has now also made a name for itself in England, and the sixties beat group The Yankees (Halbstark) come from Bremen .

The German pop singer Ronny (Oh my Darling, Caroline) , who also made a name for himself as the discoverer and producer of the Dutch child star Heintje (Mama) in the 1960s, also comes from Bremen. The lyricist of these and many other famous interpreters, Hans Hee , also lives here .

At Radio Bremen, Michael Leckebusch produced one of the first trend-setting TV music programs of the post-war period with the Beat Club from 1965 . The moderators Uschi Nerke and Gerhard Augustin regularly achieved high ratings among young viewers on the Saturday afternoon broadcast. The program developed to a not inconsiderable degree into a phenomenon of youth culture in Germany. Following the Beat Club , a. the music store or extra tour produces.

Some rap musicians are also born in Bremen, such as Shiml , MontanaMax , JokA and Lady Bitch Ray .

Low German hip-hop mixed with electro is offered by the band De fofftig Penns , which was founded in Bremen-Nord .

The soul singer Flo Mega , who became famous for his appearance at the Bundesvision Song Contest , also comes from Bremen.

The Rolling Stones named a live album recorded in Bremen, Bridges to Bremen.

Parks

See also the individual districts

Bremen also has many green areas and parks because of the lowland areas. The most important systems:

Bremen-center

Bremen ramparts

The Bremen ramparts emerged from plans by Isaak Altmann from 1805 onwards from the Bremen city wall , which was built up to the 17th century, and the fortifications that followed. They are not only Bremen's oldest, but also the first public park in Germany that was realized by a bourgeois parliament. Today there is a restaurant in the windmill . Most of Bremen's windmills are stations on the Lower Saxony Mill Road .

The Paulines march is the largest with 54 hectares of Bremen sports park and a green corridor. It is located directly on the Weser, east of the Weser Stadium and on the other side of the Weser. This is also the home of Werder Bremen .

Bremen-East

The Parkhotel in the Bürgerpark

The Bürgerpark is the largest privately financed city park in Germany. It connects directly to the Bürgerweide behind the train station and merges into the city forest, with which it covers 202  hectares . The Bürgerpark was laid out in the 1860s by the landscape gardener Wilhelm Benque . To the southwest of the Bürgerpark is the Nelson Mandela Park with the anti-colonial monument .

The city ​​forest is separated from the Bürgerpark by a railway line. The Finnbahn is used by up to 500 runners every day.

The Stadtwaldsee (Unisee), the university wilderness and the Universum Bremen connect directly to the city forest to the north.

The Rhododendron Park offers a unique collection of rhododendrons and azaleas on an area of ​​46 hectares . 500 of the world's 1000 different rhododendron game species grow in this park and the green Botanika Science Center located here . The park was expanded to include a theme park around 2000. The botanical garden is 3.2 hectares and is located in the Rhododendron Park. It was rebuilt at this location in 1937.

The Oberneulander parks are mostly English-style green spaces around the mansions of various country estates. These include Höpkens Ruh with 7 hectares and next to it Muhles Park , then Heinekens Park with 2.7 hectares and Ichons Park  - both according to plans by Gottlieb Altmann - Menke Park and Park Gut Hodenberg according to plans by garden architect Christian Roselius , Hasses Park according to plans by Wilhelm Benque and Park Holdheim .

The Achterdiekpark in Oberneuland was created in 1969. The park itself is 8 hectares in size and includes seven ponds. The Achterdiekpark e. V. looks after the system. The subsequent green areas at Achterdieksee and the federal motorway 27 were created when the Vahr was built in the 1960s. They are 31 hectares in size. A golf course is located right next to the green areas.

Bremen-South

Park to the left of the Weser

The Neustadt walls on the left side of the Weser were built from 1805 on the Neustadt fortifications . All that remains is a non-continuous 12 hectare park from the Hohentorshafen to the Piepe . The striking Centaurenbrunnen has stood opposite the Oberschule on Leibnizplatz since 1958 .

The park to the left of the Weser , 223 hectares in size, was created as a landscape park from 1975 on the initiative of the association of the same name between Huchting and Grolland. The course of the river Ochtum , which was relocated because of the airport, is the most important element of this park.

The green area at the Sodenmattsee was created in Huchting in 1960 when sand was needed for road construction. Today the park is 19 hectares.

The Weseruferpark Rablinghausen - a 22 hectare maritime mile - is located directly on the left side of the Weser and extends from Rablinghausen to Lankenauer Höft .

Bremen-West

The Waller Park from 1928 in connection with the Waller Friedhof from 1875 represents the largest contiguous park in the west of Bremen.

The Blockland is not just a district, but a 30 square kilometer landscape area of ​​the Wümmeniederung with nature reserves on the left side of the Wümme , with the Wümme cycle path and many excursion restaurants.

The west green corridor has been connecting the districts of Gröpelingen and Walle since 1953.

Bremen-North

Knoops Park with the Lesum

Knoops Park in St. Magnus on the outskirts of Bremen Switzerland from the 19th century, was designed by Wilhelm Benque. The 60 hectare park is a mixture of an English park and an Italian Renaissance garden.

Wätjens Park in Blumenthal is 35 hectares in size. It was created from 1850 as a park around Wätjen's castle for the shipowner Wätjen according to plans by Isaak Altmann . The park deteriorated and has been redeveloped since 1999.

The nature park around Schönebeck Castle in Vegesack with picturesque paths in the valley of the Schönebecker Aue covers 30 hectares. In the middle is the Bremen ecology station.

The Vegesack city garden with the Weser promenade is also known as the garden by the river . Only 2 hectares in size, it has an almost 1 kilometer long maritime promenade with exotic trees, which leads from the Strandlust hotel to the former shipyard of the Bremer Vulkan .

graveyards

Chapel in the Osterholz cemetery

The common crematorium of all Bremen cemeteries is located at the Huckelriede cemetery. There are 13 municipal cemeteries.

  • The Riensberger Friedhof and the Waller Friedhof
    After the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), two new cemeteries were created a good hour away from the gates of Bremen to replace the two cemeteries close to the city at Doventor and Herdentor: the Riensberger Friedhof im today's district of Schwachhausen and, as a western addition, the Waller Friedhof . Both cemeteries were opened on May 1, 1875. Many artistically designed tombs, including larger mausoleums , can still be found in both cemeteries .
  • Osterholzer Friedhof
    At the beginning of the 20th century, when both cemeteries no longer had enough free space, the Senate announced a competition for a new municipal central cemetery for the eastern part of Bremen. The first section of the facility was completed in October 1916 - in the middle of the First World War . The inauguration took place in 1920. The resting place for currently more than 100,000 deceased is with 79.5 hectares Bremen's largest cemetery.
  • Jewish cemeteries
    The Deichbruchstrasse Jewish cemetery has been occupied since 1796 and has been Bremen's official Jewish cemetery since 1803. Since 2008 there is a new Jewish cemetery in Schwachhausen .

Regular events

Museum tram
line 16

During the course of each year, the lot booths for the Bürgerpark tombola and rides at the Osterwiese , the Freimarkt and the Christmas market alternate on the squares in the city center . The Freimarkt - the so-called fifth season - is one of the oldest folk festivals in Germany, which was held for the first time in 1035. It takes place every autumn on the Bürgerweide, directly behind the main train station. Those responsible claim to organize the largest event of its kind in northern Germany. The "small free market" takes place in front of the town hall at the same time as the "large" free market. Since 1967, a parade through the city has been organized as part of the two-week Freimarkt.

The museum tram lines 15 and 16 run once a month. The attractions also include regular guided tours through the old town and city tours with the little train Stadtmusikanten-Express. Most of the city tours and sightseeing tours are organized by the Bremer Tourismus-Zentrale, on various topics and in several languages. Some organizers also offer so-called "night watchman tours", which mostly lead through some medieval-looking streets.

The Bremen ice cream bet on Epiphany and the Bremen Schaffermahl in February are important. Out of the multitude of cultural events, the Bremen Carnival in February, the open-air festival Breminale am Osterdeich, the International Literature Festival and the Bremen Music Festival in September stand out. An event with a sporting background that attracts many visitors is the Bremen Six-Day Race , which takes place every January . The first Maritime Week took place on the Weser in September 2009 .

Popular festivals and cultural events around the Vegesack harbor take place in Bremen-Nord on a regular basis . For example, the Vegesack Harbor Festival , the Maritime Festival , the Rock den Deich Festival and the logger market that takes place twice a year . One of the oldest folk festivals in Bremen-Nord is the Vegesacker Markt .

Culture awards

(in chronological order)

  • The Senate Medal for Art and Science has been awarded by the Bremen Senate since 1938 and again since 1952.
  • The Literature Prize of the City of Bremen was awarded from 1954 to 1960 by the Senate and, since 1962, when the Senate established the Rudolf Alexander Schröder Foundation . In addition, a sponsorship award has been awarded since 1977.
  • The Bremen Art Prize has been awarded to artists in German-speaking countries since 1955. Until 1983 it was called the Böttcherstraße Art Prize . The group of donors has been an association of members of the Bremen Art Association since 1983 .
  • The Villa Ichon Culture and Peace Prize has been awarded annually since 1983 by the Association of Friends and Patrons of Villa Ichon for work or activity as a commitment to peace and of high cultural status.
  • The Hannah Arendt Prize has been awarded by the Heinrich Böll Foundation and the Bremen Senate since 1995 for people who contribute to public political thought and action.
  • The Kurt Hübner Prize is since 1996 by the Association Bremen theater lovers presented to members of the ensemble of the Theater Bremen for extraordinary artistic achievement.
  • The Bremen Music Festival Prize has been awarded to outstanding music artists since 1998. In addition, the Deutschlandfunk sponsorship award for talented young artists is awarded together with Deutschlandfunk .
  • The Bremen Film Prize has been awarded by the Art and Culture Foundation of the Sparkasse Bremen since 1999 for longstanding services to European film .
  • The Heinrich Schmidt Barrien Prize has been awarded since 2000 by the Bremer Kulturverein Freizeit 2000 and since 2007 by the Friends of Dat Huus op'n Bulten to people and institutions who have made a special contribution to the preservation of the Low German language.
  • The Radio Bremen Crime Prize has been awarded by Radio Bremen at the Crime Festival since 2001 to authors of high-quality crime literature .
  • In the Mall of Fame , as the unofficial name of a pedestrian zone in Bremen, the handprints of various celebrities have been admitted since 2003.
  • The Bremer Hörkino's private feature prize for authors has existed since 2007.
  • The Bremen Town Musicians Prize has been awarded since 2009. The undoped prize is awarded in the four categories of civic engagement (Senate), media (Radio Bremen and Weser-Kurier), culture (international cultural form) and tourism / city marketing (Bremen Tourist Office ).

Bremen

Events and customs in Bremen are also referred to as Bremen, such as the Bremen Freimarkt (since 1035), the Schaffermahlzeit (since 1545), the Bremer Eiswette (since 1829), the cabbage and pee eating , the cathedral stair sweeping (since around 1890), the big one Meal of the January Society (since the 15th century) or the Bremen Tobacco Collegium (since the early 1950s).

Other special, recent events in Bremen are:

The Bremen Art Prize (since 1985), the Bremen Carnival (since 1986), the Breminale (since 1987), the Bremen Solidarity Prize (since 1988), the Bremen Music Festival Prize (since 1998), the Bremen Film Prize (since 1999) and the Bremen Marathon (since 2005).

nightlife

There are numerous discos, clubs, bars, lounges and others. in the station suburb with the disco mile . After incidents, an evening gun ban has been in effect on this since 2009. The traditional discotheques include the StuBu and the Lila Eule .

There are numerous beer gardens on the Schlachte on the banks of the Weser. The so-called quarter , the area of ​​the districts Steintor and Ostertor, has a high density of pubs.

Movie theater

In Bremen there are (as of 2010) eight movie theaters with 38 cinemas and a total of 10,215 seats. Three of them are multiplex cinemas with a total of 32 halls.

K-Pop in Bremen

Since the beginning of 2012, there has been a small K-Pop dance scene in Bremen with currently around three hundred active members, several dance groups, dance courses and an event infrastructure (as of December 2020). This includes the regular K-Pop Dance Off Bremen (KDOB) and several dance schools that offer courses. Bremen was the first city in Germany to offer a K-Pop dance course and one of the first with a K-Pop dance competition.

In addition, the view of the Bremen Schlachte from the Teerhofbrücke in the direction of Überseestadt was used as a background in some places in the music video for the song "Look" by the K-Pop group GOT7 , which (as of September 2020) had over 86 million views.

Economy and Transport

economy

General developments

Foreign trade has always been of particular importance to Bremen. Even if the focus of goods handling in the Bremen / Bremerhaven port group is now in Bremerhaven, Bremen still has a share in this through the Bremerhaven overseas port area in the city ​​of Bremen . The range of different commercial goods that are imported and exported here extends from fish, meat and dairy products to traditional raw materials such as cotton, tea, rice and tobacco traded on the Bremen Cotton Exchange to wine and citrus fruits. While the port is handled by the semi-public BLG Logistics Group , wholesalers such as C. Melchers , Otto Stadtlander and Atlanta can be found in the offices . Bremen is an important location for the automotive, shipbuilding, steel, electronics and food industries. The company Daimler AG is the largest private employer in the city and produces in his Mercedes-Benz plant in the district Sebaldsbrück that until 1963 the Borg Ward belonged GmbH, among others, the car models of the C-Class, the Model T and the SL roadster. In addition, numerous supplier companies have settled in the immediate vicinity. The largest of them is Hella Vehicle Components GmbH from the Hella Group . In addition, there is a large Deutsche Bahn railway works in Sebaldsbrück .

The shipbuilding and steel industries have undergone a structural change in the past few decades. Many companies, including the two large shipyards AG Weser and Bremer Vulkan , did not survive it; the Bremen steel works were taken over by Arcelor (since 2006: ArcelorMittal ). The aerospace industry, on the other hand, has changed with it and today shapes Bremen as a service and high-tech location. In recent years, one of the largest German technology parks , the Bremen Technology Park , has developed at the university , in which around 7500 mostly highly qualified people are currently employed.

Bremen is internationally known as an important aerospace and space technology location. The final assembly of the wings of the Airbus aircraft takes place in Bremen , modules and components for space-compatible laboratories , launch vehicles and satellite systems are produced at Airbus Defense and Space and companies in the OHB technology group . Rheinmetall and Atlas Elektronik develop electronics for military and civil applications in Bremen.

Bremen has a leading position in the food industry. In addition to the Beck & Co. brewery , Vitakraft , Nordmilch , the Könecke Fleischwarenfabrik and the chocolate manufacturer Hachez have their headquarters here. Mondelēz International has its German headquarters here. Kellogg’s relocated the headquarters of its German company from Bremen to Hamburg in the first quarter of 2015, but continues to operate a production facility in Bremen.

Economic data

In 2005, 44.7% of services were employed in the economic sectors of the city of Bremen , 26.4% in trade, 71.1% in the entire tertiary sector, 28.9% in manufacturing and 0.1% in agriculture .

year gross domestic product growth Employed people
Bremen Germany Bremen German Bremen
total per
employment.
total per
employment.
number
Billion euros Thousand euros Billion euros Thousand euros in % in % in thousands
1950 0.9 3.3 49.6 2.5 6.1 9.8 266
1960 2.6 7.3 155 5.9 0.5 8.7 356
1970 5.1 14.1 360 13.6 6.4 5.1 362
1980 11.2 29.6 788 28.8 4.3 1.4 378
1990 16.9 43.6 1306 42.9 6.9 5.3 387
2000 22.1 57.1 2062 52.7 4.2 3.2 387
2006 25.4 66.4 2322 59.4 2.0 2.9 382

Chambers

Commercial and industrial areas

The largest commercial and industrial areas are:

tourism

traffic

Use of the waterways

Shipping had a formative importance in Bremen for centuries. Despite the structural change, it still represents an important economic and labor market factor today. The ports in Bremen, which are still used regularly due to their proximity to the freight traffic center, include the Neustädter Hafen as well as the commercial ports, the Hohentorshafen, the industrial ports and the ports in Bremen in Bremerhaven. For inland waterway traffic, the Werra, Fulda and Allerhafen still exist upstream from the city center. On the site of the filled Überseehafen and on the industrial wasteland around it, a new district is being built, the Überseestadt . In order to be able to continue to participate in maritime trade with ever larger ships , Bremen and the state of Lower Saxony are participating in the JadeWeserPort project in Wilhelmshaven , a port for the largest container ships .

Bremen-Nord is connected to the Wesermarsch district in Lower Saxony on the other bank of the Weser by three car ferries. There are also two other passenger ferries in the city of Bremen.

The use of the Bremen waters by passenger ships and peat barges is of touristic importance. From and in Bremen there are regular (in the warm season) boat trips on the Weser, the Hunte to Oldenburg (Oldb) , the Aller to Verden and the Lesum and the Hamme to Worpswede as well as harbor tours in Bremen's ports. The Sielwall ferry operated by the Hal över passenger shipping company , whose pier on the city side is between the ramparts and the Weser stadium on Osterdeich , runs from March to October across the Weser to Café Sand on Stadtwerder in the Huckelriede district . Peat barges start mainly from the peat harbor at the end of the peat canal in Findorff. The network-like waterways in northeast Bremen are also used by a large number of canoe and kayak clubs.

air traffic

Comparison of international airports in Germany

Bremen International Airport (BRE) is located in the south of Bremen . This aviation location has been located there since 1909. An airport center with numerous branches of partly international companies has been built around the terminal building since 1995. A new airport terminal was inaugurated in 2001 according to plans by the architect Gert Schulze . The number of passengers in 2006 was 1.7 million. At the same time, the number of flights fell in 2006 to 40,419, the lowest level since 1988. An increase was achieved by the airlines Ryanair and Turkish Airlines , which fly direct from Bremen to new destinations in Europe and Turkey . In 2008, 2.5 million passengers were handled. Thanks to the use of larger aircraft and better capacity planning, the number of flights has never risen above 60,000 a year since 1965, despite the increasing number of passengers. There is only limited night-time operations, the last plane lands on schedule at 11 p.m. The peak times are mornings and evenings. The airport can be reached via the A 281 . A 6 tram takes you from the main station directly to the terminal. At the Bremen airport is also the Pilot School of Lufthansa .

railroad

Bremen Central Station (southern facade)

The main train station is a long-distance traffic  junction of the station category 2. This is where the main routes from Hamburg to the Ruhr area , to Bremerhaven , to Hanover and to Oldenburg (- Leer ) meet. The connection to Vegesack with a connection to Bremen – Farge is only of local importance. Bremen on the ICE - line Bremen-Munich and the IC - lines Hamburg-Cologne and Oldenburg-Leipzig terminal for long-distance passenger traffic of the DB .

In Bremen there are 19 train stations and stops for passenger traffic.

The marshalling yard in the Gröpelingen district was shut down as such on June 12, 2005, and the remnants of Bremen's local freight traffic are handled at the port stations and at the Klöckner-Hütte ( ArcelorMittal Bremen) works station. The former freight yard located northwest of the main train station has been demolished. Due to the expansion of the container terminal in Bremerhaven, however, there is again an increase in freight traffic.

Transportation

BSAG tram in the colors of the bacon flag
Line network of the Bremer Straßenbahn AG

There are regional express connections to Bremerhaven , Hanover , Hamburg , Osnabrück and Oldenburg - Norddeich Mole and a regional train connection through the Lüneburg Heath to Uelzen ( via Langwedel, Visselhövede and Soltau ).

The railway line to Hamburg is served by metronome trains (→ Hanse network ).

Since December 12, 2010 the Nordwestbahn (NWB) has been operating the first three lines of the regional S-Bahn Bremen / Lower Saxony (RS 2: Bremerhaven- Lehe-Bremerhaven-Hbf-Bremen-Hbf ) on behalf of the Zweckverband Verkehrsverbund Bremen / Niedersachsen (ZVBN) –Twistringen; RS 3: Bad Zwischenahn – Oldenburg-Hbf – Hude – Delmenhorst – Bremen-Hbf; RS 4: Nordenham – Hude – Delmenhorst – Bremen-Hbf). The fourth regional S-Bahn line went into operation on December 11, 2011 (RS 1: Bremen-Farge - Vegesack - Bremen Hbf - Verden ).

Passenger traffic on the Bremen-Farge-Bremen-Vegesack railway in Bremen-Nord , which was discontinued in 1961, was resumed in December 2007 with diesel multiple units of the NordWestBahn every half hour. This line was electrified in 2011 and has been part of the RS 1 S-Bahn line since December 11, 2011.

Public transport ( public transport ) within the city operate eight tram - and 44 bus lines of the Bremer Straßenbahn (BSAG). Most of the districts of Bremen and individual suburbs in Lower Saxony are connected to the public transport network at frequent intervals . The S-Bahn is very important for traffic between Bremen-Stadt and Bremen-Nord. Efforts are being made to extend tram lines into the surrounding area and to intensify the rhythm on the existing railway lines in order to better connect the suburbs.

Regional traffic is operated by bus routes operated by other transport companies and companies. Both city and regional transport companies have joined forces in the Bremen / Lower Saxony transport association (VBN).

road

Breitenweg near the main train station with overpass and long-distance bus stop

See also: Bremen streets

Overall, the length of the motorways in the area of ​​the city of Bremen is approx. 50 to 60 km.

In the south, Bremen is touched by the federal autobahn A 1 Rhein-Ruhr- Hamburg in six lanes and in the south-east, at the Bremer Kreuz, the A 1 is crossed by the six-lane A 27 Hanover (Walsrode) -Bremerhaven or Cuxhaven , which runs through the east Urban area leads. In the north, the four-lane A 270 branches off from the A 27 in Ihlpohl and runs for 10 km to Bremen-Farge. In Gröpelingen, the first part of the four-lane A 281 from the Bremen-Industriehäfen triangle to Bremen-Burg-Grambke has been completed. On the western side of the Weser, the section from the freight center or Neustädter Hafen to the airport or to the airport city was opened to traffic in 2008 with a cable-stayed bridge. The sections are to be connected with a Weser tunnel by 2024, and an extension to the A1 is also planned. In the west, the A 28 leads to Oldenburg, and it also connects the Huchting district to the A 1.

A speed limit of 80 km / h applies continuously on the A 270 and A 281 motorways. On the A1, traffic is controlled by an automatic traffic control system.

In addition, the federal highways B 6 (in north-south direction), B 74 and B 75 (in west-east direction) run through Bremen. As part of the completion of the A 281, the B 212 will be given a new route: In future, it will end in the west of Bremen at the A 281 and better connect the Wesermarsch district with Bremen.

The main roads connecting the city districts for car traffic are Chausseen, which were renamed Heerstraßen in 1914 .

The German Fairy Tale Route is a holiday route that leads from Hanau to Bremen to the Bremen Town Musicians .

bicycle

Cycle lanes on Wachmannstrasse

Bremen has a bicycle traffic share of over 22% of trips. In the bicycle climate test of the ADFC in 2018, Bremen was named Germany's most bicycle-friendly city in the category of over 500,000 inhabitants. Since the turn of the millennium, a city-wide network of signposts has emerged. The obligation to use has been lifted for around 80% of the road-routing cycle paths, the total length of which is greater than in Copenhagen for roughly the same number of inhabitants . Nationwide, Bremen is reached by the long-distance cycle routes Hamburg – Bremen , Bremen – Osnabrück ( bridge cycle path ) and Wümme cycle path . The city is also an important stop on the Weser Cycle Path , which accompanies the Weser from its place of origin to Bremerhaven.

Weser bridges and ferries

The railway bridge with the Weser Tower in the background

There are over 600 bridges in Bremen. The Weser is crossed by the following bridges (sorting downstream):

In addition, the Weser can be crossed on foot or by bike at the Weser weir , above the strawberry bridge. There are also several ferry connections (see above).

Infrastructure

Public facilities

Bremen Regional Court
Tax office in the House of the Reich

The Senate of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen and its authorities are responsible for state and city ​​affairs.

Many regionally structured German organizations have a branch in Bremen. Due to its importance for foreign trade, there are also around 40 consulates and honorary consulates to be found in Bremen .

The Bremen Police are the local police in Bremen and also the state police of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen.

The Bremen fire brigade consists of the professional fire brigade divided into six fire and rescue stations (FW 1 to 6) and five other rescue stations. It is supported by 20 volunteer fire brigades from the city or district.

The Scharnhorst barracks, in which the Bremen State Command is also located, is located in the Huckelriede district .

Corporations under public law

Institutions under public law

dishes

Education, science and research

The campus of the University of Bremen
Jacobs University Bremen campus
Bremen technical center before 1917, today: Bremen University of Applied Sciences on Neustadtswall
Speicher XI : Parts of the building are used by the Bremen University of the Arts
library
State and University Library

schools

The primary level is taught in 74 primary schools in Bremen. The secondary sector has been two-tiered since 2010. 33 secondary schools offer all classic school-leaving qualifications: the vocational qualification and the intermediate maturity after grade 10, the technical college entrance qualification after grade 12 and the Abitur mostly after the 13th grade there are still five school centers for upper secondary level with a gymnasium upper level and vocational school. Information on the individual schools can be found in the articles on the Bremen city and districts .

Universities

  • The State University of Bremen has around 20,000 students and over 1,500 scientists. It started operations in 1971/72. In 1971/1973 the Bremen University of Education was integrated. Almost all disciplines (except medicine and theology) are represented. Since 2012, it has been awarded the most highly endowed funding line Zukunftskonzept by the Excellence Initiative .
  • The private Jacobs University Bremen in Vegesack, Grohn district, was founded in 1999 based on the US model. The language of instruction is English. In November 2006 the businessman Klaus J. Jacobs announced that his foundation would donate a total of up to 200 million euros to the university. That is why the university has been named Jacobs University Bremen since 2007 . In 2013, 1,370 students were enrolled.

Universities

  • The State University of Bremen was established in 1982 through the merger of four universities: the University of Economics, the University of Technology, the University of Social Sciences and the University of Nautical Sciences. In 2011 around 8,200 students were enrolled. The oldest forerunner academy was founded in 1799.
  • The State University of the Arts Bremen has 70 professors and around 900 students. The oldest forerunner institution was founded in 1873. At the HfK Bremen there is the Department of Art and Design, which is located in Speicher XI in Überseestadt , and the Department of Music in Dechanatstraße in the old town .

Institutes

There are several non-university institutes and research facilities:

Bremen and Bremerhaven were chosen by the Stifterverband für die Deutsche Wissenschaft as the “ City of Science 2005” (with 36 German cities as competitors).

With the theme “System Earth”, Bremen was one of the ten German cities that were recognized as a meeting place for science in the 2009 Science Year.

Libraries

  • The Bremen City Library in Forum Am Wall is owned by the City of Bremen as a municipal, public library with a total of 514,000 volumes, around 1.3 million visitors and around 3.5 million loans. It is one of the largest municipal libraries in Northern Germany. The library network also includes six district libraries, nine youth and school libraries, the school librarianship, the bus library, the libraries in the correctional facility and the library in the East Central Hospital.
  • The State and University Library Bremen (SuUB) on the university campus is the scientific library of the state and the University of Bremen. In 2007 around 38,000 active users visited the library, and there were 1,972,247 loans including renewals, with a stock of 3,198,948 volumes (books, newspapers), 240,132 dissertations, 6,438 cards, 13,596 rarities, 184 incunabula , 66,963 Sheet music, 96,680 audiovisual materials, 8257 continuously subscribed printed journals and 21,003 continuously subscribed electronic journals.

Healthcare

The four municipal hospitals with 3170 beds and 7600 employees are organized by the Klinikverbund Gesundheit Nord gGmbH:

The four free clinics in Bremen with 1,366 beds and 2,531 employees are part of a cooperative community:

There are also smaller specialist clinics:

media

Editorial building of the new radio building complex of Radio Bremen
The press house , among others. Headquarters of the Bremen daily newspapers

Radio and television

Bremen is the seat of Radio Bremen , the smallest broadcasting company of the ARD . Radio Bremen produces various television programs on "Radio Bremen TV" and operates four radio waves - one of them with the WDR and the RBB ( COSMO ), plus the cross-media offer Bremen Next . As a private counterpart, Energy Bremen is based in the Hanseatic city with a radio program; In addition, there are radio stations radio ffn and Hit-Radio Antenne Bremen in the transmission area . In addition, the private television stations RTL and Sat1 maintain correspondent offices in Bremen and produce a half-hour regional magazine for Bremen and Lower Saxony from here. When citizen broadcast Bremen citizens from Bremen free own radio and make TV shows. From the beginning of September 2007 to June 2013 there was the private television station center.tv in Bremen . He produced two hours of current live broadcasts from Bremen every day.

Newspaper industry

As newspapers of appearing Weser-Kurier and the almost identical Bremer Nachrichten , the latter is entitled to the third oldest still published daily newspaper in Germany. On Mondays and Thursdays, the Weser-Kurier and the Bremer Nachrichten each come with the district courier (six issues: Nordost, Südost, Mitte, Links der Weser, West and Huchting). The regional edition of Die Norddeutsche appears in Bremen-Nord from Monday to Saturday . It had been an independent daily newspaper under the name Norddeutsche Volkszeitung since 1885. Bild also appears with a separate edition for the greater Bremen area . There was temporarily an independent Bremen edition of the daily newspaper ( taz ) , but this was discontinued after a few years for financial reasons and incorporated into the taz nord , which currently consists of three pages for the general regional section and one alternating page for the states of Bremen and Hamburg exists. The daily newspaper Die Welt also tried to enrich the media landscape with a regional section and gain new readers, but has since reduced the scope to a few pages for the northern German region.

In Bremen there are also three free weekly newspapers that are financed by advertisements: the Bremer Anzeiger, the Weser-Report and in Bremen-Nord Das BLV . With Bremer, Prinz Bremen, Bremen-Magazin, the city magazine Mix, BIG Bremen and Bremborium and the Nordanschlag in Bremen-Nord, a number of independent city magazines are also published. In addition, there are the cultural and social magazines Foyer and Brillant as well as numerous smaller publications with a strong local character in individual parts of the city.

In addition, all of the major news agencies and most of the major daily newspapers in north-west Germany, as well as numerous radio stations with correspondent offices or regional editorial offices, are represented.

Supply and disposal

Traditionally, Bremen was largely autonomous in all areas of supply and disposal. Increasing demands on the quality of care initially improved this autonomy after 1945 and restricted it again after 1995.

Drinking water supply
The withdrawal of drinking water from the Weser was stopped in the 1970s due to increasing general pollution and due to the heavy discharge of salt residues into the Werra . Today the drinking water comes exclusively from local deep wells (Blumenthal) , from wells of the Harz waterworks and other wells from water suppliers in northern Germany. Brewing water for the famous local beers comes exclusively from the Harz supply with its own tap. Out of water out could from 1935 to the 1960s Sösetalsperre from the resin via a pipeline to be promoted to Bremen.
Service and rainwater disposal
Large parts of the urban area away from the Domdüne and the dune chain on the Weser and Lesum are below the high water level of the Weser. As a result, the economy has only been able to afford a mixed water sewer system since the 18th century . In the old settlement areas, wastewater from service water and drinking water is discharged together with rainwater collected from the surface . This always has the advantage of being able to flush the sewer system more efficiently after using water more economically. In new settlement areas since the 1950s, wastewater development has mainly been carried out in a separate system with separate drainage of wastewater and rainwater. In the event of heavy rain, there can be a backwater in the separation system, so that part of the wastewater accumulates over the rainwater overflows at Ochtum and Wümme pours uncleared into the rivers.
Rubble disposal
The accumulation of rubble from the war damage can be seen at every civil engineering site, hardly any excavated soil is free of brick remains . Today all construction site waste is separated and recycled. Bulky combustible parts are dumped in a regulated landfill or broken and burned.
Waste disposal
Today's waste-to-energy plant (MHKW) Bremen was built in the Findorff district in 1969 to dispose of waste with a low calorific value , such as household waste . From up to 550,000  tons (t) of waste, the MHKW Bremen generates around 64 gigawatt hours (GWh) of base load electricity and around 200 GWh of district heating per year  . Since 2008 the swb Disposal GmbH & Co. KG is the operator of the MHKW Bremen.
The Blockland landfill has been located in the Blockland district since 1969 , a landfill for waste that cannot be further recycled in terms of material or energy . The 40  hectares of landfill are operated by Umweltbetrieb Bremen , which is owned by the municipality of Bremen.
Since 2009, a medium- calorific power plant (MKK) in the Häfen district has been generating electricity from a high-calorific mixture of paper , plastic , wood and packaging residues that can not be recycled . From 230,000 tons of medium calorific value, the MKK operated by swb Disposal GmbH & Co. KG generates 235,000 megawatt hours (MWh) of electricity per year .
power supply
swb heating power station in Hastedt
The Bremen 110- kilovolt -Ortsverteilnetz the Weser network Bremen GmbH has three mains supplies with the German Verbundnetz coupled. The majority of the thermal and electrical energy is produced by the swb power plants in Hafen , Hastedt , Mittelbüren and the waste-to-energy plant . The Mittelbüren power plant, which is fired with furnace gas from the Bremen steelworks ArcelorMittal Bremen , also generates significant amounts of energy for traction power consumption (16⅔ Hz) in the north German lowlands. In addition to the existing plants for energy generation, Gemeinschaftskraftwerk Bremen GmbH & Co. KG (GKB) operates a gas and steam turbine power plant in Mittelbüren , which started operations on December 1, 2016. In addition, there is the Farge power plant in Bremen-Nord , which was sold to the American investment company Riverstone Holdings LLC in 2019. In 2011, the Bremen Weser power plant with an output of 10 megawatts went into operation.
Fresh air supply
In times of particular attention to air pollution, one characteristic becomes more important: the ambient air in Bremen is initially continuously cleaned by the usual prevailing westerly winds. In addition, the daily temperature change between day and night after sunset causes an evening influx of warm sea air, which brings the air quality back to peak values ​​by morning.
Exposure to sunlight
As the average warming in the North Sea area increases, the good weather zone expands increasingly eastwards from East Friesland and Oldenburg in high pressure situations, so that there is a slight increase in the annual average of the daily hours of sunshine (plus one hour since 1980).

Sports

City Hall (Bremen Arena)

For the sporting activities in the districts, see there.

As a major club, Bremen is home to the Bundesliga club Werder Bremen , which also has a strong chess and table tennis department.

The Weserstars Bremen play in the regional ice hockey league .

The Grün-Gold-Club Bremen is world and European champion in formation dancing Latin. The Bürgerpark with the city forest, the Werder area on both sides of the Weser, the park to the left of the Weser and numerous water sports facilities on the tributaries of the Weser and on the Stadtwaldsee are ideal for recreational sports .

The town hall is known as the venue for the Bremen six-day race . The town hall is the venue for other sports competitions, and some home games of the second division handball team SG Achim / Baden from the neighboring town of Achim also took place here in the 2007/08 season. Occasionally, home games of the first division basketball team Eisbären Bremerhaven take place there.

Since 2008 there has been a Gold und Silber e. V. Bremen with the support of the Disabled Sports Association Bremen e. V. and the state dance sport association Bremen e. V. the offer wheelchair dance .

From 1907 to 2018 races were held on the Bremen racecourse .

Churches, religions

The Bremen Cathedral of St. Petri
St. Ansgarii , starting point of the Reformation in Bremen (old town church destroyed in 1944, drawing 1839)
Provost church St. Johann

Denomination statistics

In 2017, 10.2% of the citizens of the city of Bremen belonged to the Roman Catholic Church. In 2018, 32.7% of citizens in the state of Bremen belonged to the Bremen Evangelical Church , 10.1% to the Roman Catholic Church and 57.2% were “others”.

According to the results of the census on May 9, 2011 , 64,640 residents of Bremen belonged to the Catholic Church. 227,540 inhabitants were Protestant, 7,720 were Protestant Free Churches, 8,390 Orthodox and 1,140 Jewish. 230,060 inhabitants were assigned to the categories “Other” or “None”. Religious society belonging ”assigned. According to a calculation from the census figures for people with a migration background, the proportion of Muslims in Bremen in 2011 was 8.4 percent (around 45,800 people).

Christianity

Evangelical regional church

The individual communities in the city of Bremen have clear differences in tradition and religious life. The Bremen Evangelical Church (BEK) takes this into account by granting its congregations a high degree of autonomy and by placing the principle of “freedom of belief, conscience and teaching” in front of its constitution (→ preamble to the BEK constitution).

The BEK is a voluntary association of most of Bremen's individual municipalities and acts as the “umbrella” for these municipalities. In addition to most of the municipalities in Bremen, the United Protestant Congregation Bremerhaven is the only one of several municipalities in Bremerhaven to belong to the BEK. It is a corporation under public law, with a "President" or a "President of the Church Committee" (a non-theologian) in a leadership role and a "Secretary of the Church Committee" (a theologian) as the spiritual head. This is where the BEK differs from most other regional churches , whose leadership is exercised by a bishop. The church committee is responsible for central administrative and service law tasks. This committee is elected for a six-year term by the Kirchentag, the parliamentary representation of all member congregations (synod). At the end of 2006 the BEK had 242,386 members. The 32nd German Evangelical Church Congress took place from May 20 to 24, 2009 in Bremen.

In 2016, Bremen was awarded the honorary title of “ Reformation City of Europe ” by the Community of Evangelical Churches in Europe .

Roman Catholic Church

After the upheavals of the Reformation, a Roman Catholic parish was established in Bremen again from 1648 , which in 1931 became the seat of a deanery . The Dean's Office Bremen (south of the Lesum) belongs to the Diocese of Osnabrück , the Dean's Office of Bremen-Nord belongs to the Diocese of Hildesheim .

The Catholic city dean of Bremen consists of five parish associations : Stadtmitte ( St. Johann ), Häfen / Walle ( St. Marien ), Huchting / Woltmershausen (St. Franziskus), Schwachhausen / Horn / Oberneuland (St. Katharina) and Arsten / habenhausen (St. . Raphael).

The Catholic Community Association of Bremen acts as the “roof” of all Catholic, supra-community institutions. He maintains several Catholic schools and day-care centers from donations. With the “Apostolate of the Sea”, the Catholic seaman's mission Stella Maris, the community association is aimed at seafarers in the port city of Bremen. A Catholic hospital exists with the St. Joseph Foundation. In 2002, the Birgittenkloster Bremen, the first convent of sisters since the Reformation, was founded in the Hanseatic city. The Catholic Church in Bremen has 62,300 members (11.42%).

Free Churches
Gable front of the Baptist cruciform church

In 1845 the first Bremen Baptists were founded as a Baptist congregation . Today there are six Evangelical Free Churches in the area in Bremen , including an English-speaking international Baptist church . A congregation of brothers is located in the Wilhelm-Busch-Siedlung in the Vahr.

From 1849 an episcopal Methodist church was built in Bremen , which carried out missionary work in Germany from here (today: Frankfurt am Main).

From 1896 onward migrants from America gathered to a Lutheran congregation, one of the roots of today's Evangelical-Lutheran Bethlehem congregation, which belongs to the Lower Saxony-West church district in the Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church .

In the 1950s, the Elim congregation in Bremen separated from the Federation of Evangelical Free Churches and joined the Pentecostal movement . The community, which today has three community centers in the Bremen city area, is the sponsor of the Grambke social work . In addition to various social institutions, this social service also runs a school.

There are a number of other free church communities, including a Mennonite congregation , Seventh-day Adventists , a church of God , a free evangelical congregation and a congregation in the Mülheimer Verband .

Many regional and free church congregations work together in Bremen at the level of the Evangelical Alliance and operate various diaconal institutions, for example the mother-child house in Bremen-Findorff and the pastoral care center at the Martini Church.

Other Christian religious communities

Also the Old Catholics (Holy Masses in the Roman Catholic Church at St. Joseph-Stift Hospital), the Apostolic Community , the Christian Community (Michael Church on Rembertiring), the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints , the New Apostolic Church , the Russian Orthodox Church (services in the Catholic St. Bonifatius Church in Findorff) and Jehovah's Witnesses are represented with communities in the city area.

Judaism

The Jewish community has a synagogue and a community center in Schwachhauser Heerstrasse . The old synagogue stood in Dechanatstrasse behind the post office until it was destroyed during the November pogroms in 1938 . The cemetery of the Israelite community in Bremen is on Deichbruchstrasse in the Hastedt district. The New Jewish Cemetery, founded in 2008, is located in Schwachhausen on Beckfeldstrasse. This cemetery received its own mourning hall in 2012.

Islam

The Muslims are organized in several communities. Its largest mosque is the Fatih Mosque in Gröpelingen . With 360 Salafists , the proportion of Islamists among Muslims in Bremen in 2015 is considered to be relatively high.

Baha'i

There has been a Bahá'i community in Bremen since 1965, and it has been meeting in its Am Wandrahm community center since 2000.

Buddhism and Hinduism

Members of South and East Asian religious communities live in Bremen in less firmly established organizational forms, for example Buddhists and Hindus . Their number was given as 3.2% of the population in 2011. The Indian community founded the Hindu Sri Varasiththivinayakar Temple in Föhrenstrasse in 2011 . The Thai community founded the Buddhist temple Wat Buddha Metta Parami on Heidbergstrasse in 2012 .

Non-denominational

According to the census of May 9, 2011, 38.9% of the population in the state of Bremen do not belong to any religious society under public law. The Humanist Association Bremen e. V. in the Humanist Association of Germany (HVD) is a belief community of non-religious people.

Dialects / languages

Standard German is spoken in Bremen , and Low German is rarely spoken . The Bremer Platt as its own dialect can no longer be heard in its pure form, as it has now mixed with the Platt of the surrounding area.

In the spoken in Bremen vernacular many elements of the "Bremer Snak" have found their. The "Bremer Snak" is the Bremen dialect of Missingsch , a mixed language between the German standard language and Low German.

Culinary specialties

Kale dish with pee, smoked pork and bacon

One of the most famous Bremen specialties is cabbage and pee . In Bremen the kale is called "brown cabbage" because the regionally grown cabbage variety has red pigments in the leaves. This is why the cabbage takes on a brownish color when it is cooked and tastes spicier.

A popular winter pastry from Bremen is the Klaben . This “Urbremische pastry” is a heavy stollen , the word “Klaben” indicates the split shape. It is usually baked at the beginning of December, and in such quantities that it lasts until Easter. In contrast to the Stollen, Klaben is not coated with butter and sweetened after baking.

Other popular sweets are Bremer Babbeler (a long lollipop) and Bremer Kluten (sugar with peppermint and chocolate).

Personalities

Honorary citizen

The most famous honorary citizens of the city of Bremen include the Chancellor Otto von Bismarck , the publisher Anton Kippenberg , the post-war President of the Senate Wilhelm Kaisen and the poet, translator and architect Rudolf Alexander Schröder . Most recently, Annemarie Mevissen , Barbara Grobien and Klaus Hübotter were honored.

Sons and daughters of the city of Bremen

When people from Bremen became known far beyond their place of birth (in alphabetical order)

Other formative personalities

miscellaneous

DGzRS headquarters with waterworks ( upturned chest of drawers ) in the background
  • Robinson Crusoe is the most famous Bremen man in world literature: Daniel Defoe had Robinson Crusoe, who was born in 1632, write in his travelogue, first published in 1719: "My Father being a foreigner of Bremen, who settled first at Hall: He got a good Estate by Merchandise" ; In York he married a Robinson from a very good family “and from whom I was called Robinson Kreuznaer; But by the usual Corruption of Words in England, we […] write our name Crusoe. "
  • The American world bestseller author Mario Puzo (" The Godfather ") has also written a Bremen novel: The Dark Arena. Pan Books, London 1973, ISBN 0-330-23487-0 ; German: The dark arena (= Ullstein book. No. 24939). Ullstein, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-548-24939-6 (from the American by Hans E. Hausner), the Bremen under American occupation with black market and others. portrays.
  • Bremen is the headquarters of the German Society for Rescue of Shipwrecked People (DGzRS), which is responsible for the search and rescue service in emergencies at sea ( SAR ).

See also

Portal: Bremen  - Overview of Wikipedia content on the subject of Bremen

literature

  • Heinrich Jaenecke, photos Georg Fischer, Reinhart Wolf: Bremen: Roland's clean sons. In: Geo-Magazin . 6, Hamburg 1978, ISSN  0342-8311 , pp. 56-84 (“Bremer Logbuch”, Hanseatic Traditions).
  • Werner Kloos : Bremen Lexicon. A key to Bremen. 2., revised. Edition. Hauschild, Bremen 1980, ISBN 3-920699-31-9 .
  • Frank Thomas Gatter, Mechthild Müser (Ed.): Bremen on foot - 20 forays through history and the present. With contributions from the history work group d. Kultur- und Freizeit AG Hemelingen. VSA-Verlag, Hamburg 1984, ISBN 3-87975-421-7 .
  • Baedekers Bremen Bremerhaven. City-guide. Baedeker, Ostfildern-Kemnat / Munich 1992, ISBN 3-87954-060-8 .
  • Herbert Black Forest : The Great Bremen Lexicon . Edition Temmen, Bremen 2002, ISBN 3-86108-616-6 (2nd, updated, revised and expanded edition. Volume 1: A – K, Volume 2: L – Z. Ibid . , 2003, ISBN 3-86108- 693-X ; Erg.-Volume: A – Z. Ibid . , 2008, ISBN 978-3-86108-986-5 ).
  • Klaus Kellner: BremenPass. Kellner Verlag, Bremen 2005, ISBN 3-927155-67-5 .
  • Hanswilhelm Haefs : Settlement names and local histories from Bremen. Notes on the history of the port city and state of Bremen as well as the archbishopric including Holler colony (= studies on place names. Volume 21). Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2006, ISBN 3-8334-2313-7 .
  • Claudia Dappen, Peter Fischer (illustrations): Discover & experience Bremen. The reading adventure hands-on book for children and parents. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2006, ISBN 3-86108-565-8 .
  • Konrad Elmshäuser : History of Bremen. Beck, Munich 2007, ISBN 978-3-406-55533-6 .
  • Karl Marten Barfuß, Hartmut Müller, Daniel Tilgner History of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen from 1945 to 2005. 3 volumes. Edition Temmen, Bremen 2008-2010, ISBN 978-3-86108-575-1 .
  • Klaus Kellner: Bremen dictionary. Kellner Verlag, Bremen 2011, ISBN 978-3-939928-55-3 .

Web links

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Individual evidence

  1. Population development in the state of Bremen. Bremen State Statistical Office, accessed on June 23, 2020 .  ( Help on this )
  2. Statistical Yearbook 2014 (PDF; 3.5 MB) 1.1 Location and area. In: statistik.bremen.de. Statistisches Landesamt Bremen, December 31, 2013, p. 25 , accessed on June 8, 2015 (See middle section of the State of Bremen. - No PDF page preview; instead, a full download is offered).
  3. State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help on this ).
  4. ^ Marko Holzschneider, Marion Müller: City region Bremen: The city of Bremen and its surrounding area. (PDF; 142 kB) (No longer available online.) In: finanzen.bremen.de. The Senator for Finance, 1999, archived from the original on October 29, 2018 ; accessed on May 8, 2016 .
  5. State Office for Statistics Lower Saxony, LSN-Online regional database, Table 12411: Update of the population, as of December 31, 2019  ( help on this ).
  6. Bremen / Lower Saxony, Urban Agglomerations. In: citypopulation.de. Retrieved on December 29, 2020 (compare other measurements in table Agglomeration # Germany 2 ).
  7. See Metropolitan Region Northwest .
  8. Bernd Strüßmann: The commuters in Bremen and Bremerhaven and "umzu". (PDF; 513 kB) (No longer available online.) Bremen Chamber of Employees, September 2009, pp. 3–4 , archived from the original on July 18, 2011 ; Retrieved October 2, 2010 .
  9. § 8 Constitution of Bremerhaven. Transparency portal Bremen, accessed on April 15, 2016 .
  10. ^ Overseas port garbage disposal contract. Transparency portal Bremen, accessed on April 15, 2016 .
  11. Fire protection contract Bremen. Transparency portal Bremen, accessed on April 15, 2016 .
  12. Overview of nature reserves. BUISY - Bremen environmental information system. In: Environment.bremen.de. The Senator for the Environment, Building and Transport, archived from the original on July 2, 2015 ; Retrieved June 28, 2015 .
  13. Statistical Yearbook 2014 (PDF; 3.5 MB) 1.1 Location and area. In: statistik.bremen.de. Statistisches Landesamt Bremen, December 2014, p. 25 , accessed on June 4, 2015 (see last sentence below left).
  14. 100 weird facts about this city. In: Zitty . 16/2012, p. 15.
  15. Caroline Süss: Panoramic views and facts on the mountain tour. In: weser-kurier.de. Weser Kurier, May 24, 2012, accessed on June 4, 2015 .
  16. Herbert Farr: Germany's highest summit: 35 tours from the coast to the Alps . Books on Demand, 2009, ISBN 978-3-8370-3316-8 , pp. 32–35 , urn : nbn: de: 101: 1-2009120424 ( full text in the Google book search).
  17. Temperature: Long-term mean values ​​1981–2010. In: dwd.de. German Weather Service, accessed on February 10, 2016 .
  18. Weather records Germany - Wetterdienst.de. In: wetterdienst.de. German Weather Service, accessed on February 10, 2016 .
  19. −21.8  ° Ré reports Heinrich Wilhelm Olbers in a letter to Carl Friedrich Gauß dated February 6, 1823, printed in: Carl Friedrich Gauß, correspondence with HWM Olbers. Georg Olms Verlag, 1860 p. 233 ( preview in Google book search).
  20. Weather and Climate - German Weather Service. (PDF; 185 kB) In: dwd.de. German Weather Service, accessed on June 25, 2017 .
  21. Weather and Climate - German Weather Service. (No longer available online.) In: dwd.de. German Weather Service, formerly in the original ; Retrieved June 25, 2017 (no mementos).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.dwd.de .
  22. Database query of selected DWD stations in Germany. In: sklima.de. German Weather Service, accessed on February 10, 2016 .
  23. Sunshine: Long-term mean values ​​1981–2010. In: dwd.de. German Weather Service, accessed on February 10, 2016 .
  24. Wetteronline Weather review Bremen 2010. In: wetteronline.de. German Weather Service, accessed on February 10, 2016 .
  25. Average snow cover days 1977–2007. In: imk-tornado.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de. Retrieved October 3, 2010 .
  26. Maximum snow depth (cm). (No longer available online.) In: imk-tornado.physik.uni-karlsruhe.de. Archived from the original on November 18, 2011 ; accessed on March 28, 2018 .
  27. Climate Bremen - Weather Service , German Weather Service, on wetterdienst.de
  28. Jonas Dovern, Wilfried Rickels, Martin F. Quaas: Sustainability Potential of German Cities (= Kiel Institute for the World Economy [Ed.]: Kiel Policy Brief . Volume 50 ). June 2012, p. 7th f., 11, 15 ( ifw-kiel.de ( Memento from February 5, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) [PDF; 596 kB ; accessed on October 28, 2018] Memento in the Internet Archive of February 5, 2013).
  29. Senator for the Environment, Building, Transport and Europe: BUISY Bremer Umweltinformationssystem. Air, noise, mobility, chemicals climate protection ordinance ( memento of December 9, 2010 in the Internet Archive ). In: Umwelt.bremen.de, accessed on November 10, 2016.
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This version was added to the list of articles worth reading on March 17, 2007 .