Bremen ports

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Sea ports on the Weser and Jade estuaries
Container ship at the Bremerhaven container terminal

The Bremen ports comprise the port groups Bremerhaven and Bremen . The Bremen ports are the second largest German and fourth largest European seaports (after Rotterdam , Antwerp and Hamburg ). They are managed by bremenports GmbH & Co. KG .

In 2019, the ports of Bremen handled 69,424 million t of sea ​​freight (2018: 74,371 million t; 2017: 74.183 million t; 2016: 74.2 million t; 2015: 73.4 million t; 2014: 78.3) Million t; 2013: 78.8 million t; 2012: 84.0 million t). In 2019, 4.857 million  TEU containers were handled (2018: 5.448 million TEU; 2017: 5.514 million TEU; 2016: 5.49 million TEU; 2015: 5.55 TEU; 2014 and 2013: 5.8 million TEU each) ; 2012: 6.1 million TEU).

In 2019, 2.166 million cars were handled in Bremerhaven (2018: 2.2 million; 2017: 2.3 million; 2016: 2.068 million; 2015: 2.255 million; 2014: 2.3 million; 2013: 2.179 million .). The Bremerhaven seaport is one of the largest transshipment centers for automobiles.

Primarily containers and automobiles are handled via the Bremerhaven port group ; Sea freight throughput in 2019 was 57.285 million t (2018: 62,078 million t; 2017: 60.91 million t; 2016: 62.98 million t; 2015: 60.7 million t; 2014: 65.4 million t) . t; 2013 66.151 million t).

The Bremen Port Group (Bremen-Stadt) carried 12.139 million t in 2019 (2018: 12.293 million t; 2017: 13.273 million t; 2016: 12.191 million t; 2015: 12.742 million t; 2014: 12.835 million t) .t; 2013: 12.584 million t) sea freight to the handling volume, especially bulk cargo , including ores and coal.

In Europe, the ports of Bremen are part of the so-called “Hamburg-Antwerp Range”, the seaports on the southern North Sea , and are in competition with the other ports in this area, in particular with Rotterdam and Antwerp . The port group achieves competitive advantages through the cooperation between the Bremer Lagerhausgesellschaft (BLG) and the Hamburg Eckelmann Group ( Eurokai ), which together form Eurogate . Through Eurogate, there are holdings in the largest container port in the Mediterranean, Gioia Tauro in southern Italy.
The ports of Bremen have significantly improved their carbon footprint. In the past eight years, emissions have been reduced by 70 percent. The aim is to make the port infrastructure completely CO 2 -neutral by the end of 2023 .

history

Silting up of the Lower Weser

Shipping traffic to the Bremen ports was made more difficult by the silting up of the Weser at the beginning of the 17th century . Seagoing vessels no longer controlled the located in the city center ports Schlachte , but of the Unterweser the goods were from the ships on Light transhipped, traditionally at the Unterweser Eken called. The neighboring states of Oldenburg and Kurhannover tried to divert traffic to their own ports, such as the Oldenburgian Brake and Elsfleth . That is why Bremen struggled to found a suitable outer port downstream . The Vegesack harbor , which was laid out in 1622/1623 , soon had a too shallow fairway and, since the Peace of habenhausen in 1666, was only partially under Bremen's control.

Bremerhaven

The terminal building of the North German Lloyd in Bremerhaven around 1870

It was not until 1827 that the Bremen Senate succeeded in buying the grounds of the former Carlsburg (Lehe) on the north side of the confluence of the Geeste into the Outer Weser from the Kingdom of Hanover , including the surrounding dyke foreland. There the city-state founded the town of Bremerhaven and created the first artificial harbor basin, the old port . In 1847 Bremerhaven was the starting point for the first steamship line from Europe to America. Due to its location on the Outer Weser, the Seestadt has the advantage of a deeper fairway . Tide-independent port areas (dock ports) have been created via lock systems . In 1845, the Kingdom of Hanover founded the port and settlement of Geestemünde on the south side of the Geestemouth . This port was cheaper than the old Geestendorf and competed with Bremerhaven.

Emigrants

Due to the emigration in the 19th century, Bremerhaven became the largest emigration port in Europe from 1852. 76,000 people left Europe from here in 1852. In 1832, Bremen issued regulations on the humane treatment of emigrants. The Bremerhaven Emigration Center was built in 1849/1850 on the site of the former Swedish fortress town of Carlsburg . When the Geestebahn ran from Bremen to Geestemünde in 1862 , the emigrants stayed in Bremen and only when they left were they brought to their ships by special trains to Bremerhaven.

Weser correction and modern harbor basins

The Bremen free port in 1918

In Bremen , a port downstream of the city center, the Europahafen , was built from 1887 to bring lucrative trade and shipping back to the city. In the following year, after years of preparatory work, the Weser correction began, with which the fairway of the Lower Weser was deepened so that modern ocean-going ships could call at the Europahafen . When the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen also joined the German Customs Union in 1888 , the new port remained Zollausland , where it was declared a free port . This lucrative free port was expanded from 1891 to 1900 by the timber and factory port, which is now the southernmost port in Bremen serving high-sea traffic. The overseas port was added in 1906 . In 1910 the complex of industrial ports was opened north of the previous port basins , in contrast to the previous ones secured by a lock. Since then, only excursion boats for trips on the Lower and Outer Weser have moored at the Schlachte.

Wesermünde

In 1924 the cities of Geestemünde and Lehe , located in the Prussian province of Hanover , were merged to form the independent city of Wesermünde . In 1939, Bremerhaven was also incorporated as a district into the Prussian Wesermünde. The port area of ​​Bremerhaven remained with the city of Bremen as the city ​​of Bremen's overseas port area of ​​Bremerhaven .

After 1945

After the Second World War , Bremerhaven served as a port of embarkation for the US occupation forces in Germany . By agreement of the British and US occupation authorities in 1947, the urban and rural areas of Bremen and the Wesermünde district, including Bremerhaven, were declared "an administrative area to be designated as a country".

1973 stamp on Bremen from the Tourism series

Neustadt harbor

Foreign trade grew in the 1950s . The transshipment capacities available in Bremen on the right bank of the Weser were insufficient for this. In 1960 the city decided to develop an area of ​​1.6 km² on the left bank of the Weser. In 1964, the Neustädter Hafen began operations there as a free port; In 1968 it was expanded to include a container terminal , which today only makes a negligible contribution to handling.

Bremerhaven container terminal

In 1968 the first part of the Bremerhaven container terminal was built, and in 1971 it was expanded on the northeast side of the Weser as Container Terminal I (CT I). The increasing containerization, the greater draft for larger ships and the time savings led to a shift of traffic from Bremen to Bremerhaven. In 1975 around 400,000 containers were handled in the ports of Bremen. In September 2008, the last construction phase, Container Terminal IV (CT IV) was inaugurated. In 2014 the number of containers rose to 3.43 million.

Upper docks

At the same time, ocean traffic to the ports in Bremen proper decreased significantly in the last two decades of the 20th century. What remained are raw material deliveries for industrial companies located in the port area or in the immediate vicinity.

In 1998 the port basin of the overseas port, which opened in 1906, was filled in, mainly with dredged material from the Lower Weser fairway. Since then, the multifunctional Überseestadt district has developed from the port area .

Single locations

- excluding sports ports and regional passenger shipping -

Bremen commercial ports: Timber and factory port (2006)
Neustadt harbor

Bremen

In the Hemelingen district is the only inland waterway vessels anlaufbare Weserhafen Hemelingen with the dock:

  • Fulda harbor
  • Werrahafen
  • Allerhafen

In the Überseestadt district , which belongs to the Walle district, are

The Weser is on the right in the Bremen district of Häfen

  • behind the Oslebshausen lock are the industrial ports with seven port basins, the port canal port A, port F, port E, potash port, coal port (power station port), hut port and oil port
  • on the river bank of the Bremen steelworks the Mittelbürener Hafen (Klöcknerhafen)

Left the Weser

  • the small Hohentorshafen
  • the Neustädter Hafen with two docks and the freight center

In the Blumenthal district are

Bremerhaven

In the Fischereihafen district :

  • the tide-independent fishing port

In the city ​​of Bremen's overseas port area :

  • the tide-independent dock ports with the Kaiser ports, the car transshipment port and the Lloyd shipyard
  • the passenger port with the Columbus quay, which is over 1200 meters long
  • the tide-dependent container terminals I to III , together with the CT IV one of the largest container ports in the world with a continuous river quay of around 5 km in length, with 14  berths and 3 km² of storage space

In the Weddewarden district :

  • the container terminal IV

Port handling

Inbound and outbound cargo,
ships and passengers 		1990 2000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Freight traffic by sea in million t 30.204 44.77 64.6 69.1 74.5 63.1 68.861 80.626 84.028 78.734 78.236 73.410 75.171 74.183 74.371 69,424
of which: general cargo in million t 19,465 33.831 53.7 58.2 64.9 55.1 59.682 71,594 74.236 69.764 68.864 63.978 65,535 64.693
Bulk in million t 10.739 10.939 10.8 10.9 9.5 7.9 9.179 9.033 9.765 8.97 9,372 9.432 9,636 9.49 9.8
Container in million t 11.43 27.722 44,804 48.73 54.933 48.73 51.934 62.767 65.141 60.918 59.917 55.107 57.666 54.967 56.775 51,801
Container in million pieces 0.778 1.653 2,644 2.916 3.244 2.739 2.905 3.558 3,662 3.467 3.437 3.263 3.244 3.212 3.176 2.832
Containers in million TEU 1.198 2.752 4,444 4.892 5.448 4,579 4,876 5.925 6.134 5.838 5.777 5.479 5.535 5,509 5.448 4.857
Cars in millions 0.707 1.10 1.89 2.07 2.08 1.23 1.631 2.128 2.182 2.179 2.27 2.255 2.068 2.304 2.209 2.166
Seagoing vessels, number 9946 10018 9646 7485 7136 7194 7897 7724 8175 7881 7887 7683 7517 6650
Average ship size, (GT per ship) 17,500 18,900 20,776 23,624 25,566 29,089 31,054 33,069 33,351 31,616 30,622 32,659 32,685 33,158
Barges, number 8000 5824 7026 7816 7352 6024 6745 6672 6112 7233 7728 7112 7782 7701 8301 7232
Inland waterway freight in million t 5.18 5.069 5.61 6.43 5.88 5.00 5.709 6.39 6.436 5.295 5.324 5.004 5.151 5.024 5.215 3.97
Cruise passengers 37,455 53,448 69,900 74,500 127,200 125,900 57,394 51,369 62,580 66,481 68,939 65,757 98,530 165.610 238.213 246.995

The handling performance in the Bremen ports was characterized by strong growth in the years between 1990 and 2007. The handling volume had doubled and the number of automobiles handled tripled. Due to the global financial crisis, there were significant declines in 2008 and 2009, especially for automobiles. This slump in handling volumes was largely offset in 2010 and increased in 2011 over the 2007 level. Further increases, especially in container handling, will have a corresponding effect on seaport hinterland traffic .

Bulk and general cargo handling
(without container) 		2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
Total (in million tons) 16.856 19.753 20,366 19,591 14.284 16,920 18.8 17.8 18.301 17.505 19.057 17,457 17.621
from that:
Ores and metal waste 3,915 5.033 5.268 4,286 3.522 4.488
Iron, steel, non-ferrous metals 2,415 2.976 3.401 3,562 2.236 2.721
Vehicles, machines, etc. Ä. 3,594 4.002 4,360 4,764 2,855 3.557 4,721 4,436 4,946 4,777 4,683
Petroleum products 2.068 2.276 1.524 1.638 1.307 1,379
Coal, coke, etc. Ä. 1.216 1.715 1.951 1.647 1.395 1.757
Land u. forestry Products 1.154 1.105 1.156 0.846 0.662 0.734 0.445 0.302 0.350 0.304 0.277
Other food u. Feed 0.676 0.658 0.687 0.626 0.867 0.683 0.350 0.388 0.276 0.302 0.301
other goods 1,818 1,988 2.019 2.222 1,440 1.601
Container cranes in the port of Bremerhaven

In 2010 , 7136 seagoing ships with a total of 182 million GT berthed in the Bremen / Bremerhaven port group, of which 3762  container ships , 1223  general cargo ships , 1156  ro-ro ships / ferries and vehicle transport ships and 213 other seagoing ships. The 53% of the container ships had a share of 76% in port handling by sea. In the five years between 2005 and 2010, the average ship size had increased by 50% from 17,000 to around 20,000 GT. This trend is mainly characterized by container ships and is continuing, to which the reaction is made by deepening the fairway in the Lower Weser.
In 2015 , there were a total of 7,881 ocean-going vessels in the Bremen ports with a total of 229.609 million GT, of which 3,594 were container ships, 1,437 ro-ro car transporters, 1,243 general cargo ships, 622 tankers, 344 bulk cargo ships, 103 passenger ships and 538 other ocean-going ships.
In 2019 , a total of 6,650 ocean-going ships with a total of 220,503 GT called at the ports of Bremen, including 2,393 container ships (125,043 GT), 1,390 general cargo ships (13,608 GT), 1338 RoRo / vehicle transport ships (64,571 GT), 582 tankers (2,654 GT) , 308 bulk carriers (6,346 GT) and 130 passenger ships (5,602 GT).

Trading partner

The most important countries of origin and destination of the seaports of the state of Bremen in 2019 (figures in million tons):

  • Import : Russia: 3.816 - PR China: 3.471 - Norway: 3.413 - USA: 2.638 - Finland: 1.969 - Sweden: 1.921 - Poland: 1.678 - France: 1.488 - Myanmar: 1.425 - Canada: 0.923 - Lithuania: 0.895 - Denmark: 0.768
  • Export : USA: 6.55 - PR China: 3.099 - Mexico: 1.722 - Singapore: 1.58 - Russia: 1.297 - Belgium: 1.201 - Oman: 1.2 - Turkey: 1.108 - South Africa: 1.044 - Poland: 0.922 - Great Britain : 0.898 - Canada: 0.883

Almost half of the transhipment takes place to countries in Europe.

Container ports

Aerial view of the container terminal in Bremerhaven

Bremerhaven

The Bremerhaven container terminal has been one of the largest container ports in the world for years . In 1968 the first river quay with a length of 700 m was built. By 2008 it was extended to 5,000 m. The floor space of 3 million m² is the largest closed floor space in the world and is entered in the Guinness Book of Records . In 2008 around 3.24 million containers with a weight of around 55 million tons and 5.45 million  TEU (units) were handled .

The transshipment area is operated by three companies:

  • Joint operation BLG / Eurokai KGaA ( Eurogate )
  • Joint operation Eurogate / MSC (MSCgate)
  • Joint operation Eurogate / Maersk (NTB)

In container traffic over sea, the PR China (749,226), USA (662,599), Russian Federation (390,712), Poland (196,256), Finland (168,535), Sweden (131,601) and Norway (124,562) are the leading countries are supplied from the port group.

Bremen

The container terminal in Neustädter Hafen was created from 1964. It is now only of secondary importance for container traffic.

Hinterland traffic

Port hinterland traffic through container handling

In 2010, around 3.0 million TEU of the 4.9 million TEU were transported by sea feeder traffic . 1.9 million TEU were part of hinterland transport. 51% of these container deliveries and removals were carried out by road, 45% by rail and only 4% by inland waterway. The share of rail transport increased from 37 to 45% between 2005 and 2010.

Shipping lines

The most important shipping routes lead to North America, South America, the Middle East and Asia.

Passenger traffic

In the area of ​​passenger traffic, around 126,000 passengers left or arrived on cruise ships in 2009 from Columbuskaje , the “Bremerhaven cruise terminal” . The world-famous ships with the Blue Ribbon such as the " Bremen " (1929), the " Europa " (1928) from North German Lloyds and the " United States " (1952) from the United States Line used to call and leave here.

Vehicle envelope

The handling of motor vehicles is very important in Bremerhaven - with around 2.2 million vehicles in 2018 - for Germany it is the most important before Emden and Cuxhaven , for Europe after Zeebrugge the second most important.

There is also car handling at the tide-dependent Stromkaje in Blumenthal .

Inland shipping

The ports of Bremen / Bremerhaven with a cargo handling of annually 5 to 6.5 million tonnes and from 6000-7000 barges to be transported in the inland waterway one of the largest inland ports in Germany (Rank 8). Due to the many individual ports, this traffic is very decentralized.

Social facilities

  • The Deutsche Seemannsmission eV (DSM German Seaman's Mission), a Christian welfare institution for seafarers , has its headquarters in Bremen. It operates stations in 16 German cities and 17 cities outside Germany. At its headquarters, in the street Jippen in the Stephani district in Bremen- Mitte is located, is also the Seemannsheim Bremen . It is operated by the Bremer Seemannsmission eV and is responsible for the ports in the city of Bremen.
  • The Deutsche Seemannsmission Bremerhaven is responsible for the ports in Bremerhaven, including the city of Bremen's overseas port area Bremerhaven , which is part of the Deutsche Seemannsmission Hannover eV as station Bremerhaven . It operates a seaman's home and a seaman's club in Bremerhaven.

Port construction directors, senior construction directors

A port construction authority existed in Bremen in the 19th century until around 1985. A port construction director was responsible for the port construction and for the electricity at the management level, and above that the senior construction director. ( Attention: The designation of the degree of function does not always match the designation of the rank .)

  • Jacobus Johannes van Ronzelen (1800–1865), 1827 port construction director for Bremerhaven, later also for Bremen
  • Carl Friedrich Hanckes (1829–1891), port construction director from 1872
  • Ludwig Franzius (1832–1903), 1875 to 1903 to senior construction director
  • Hermann Bücking (1848–1926), 1903 to 1915 senior construction director
  • Eduard Suling (1856–1922), 1913 port construction director, 1915–1922 senior construction director
  • Heinrich Tillmann (1867–1959), port construction director in 1920, senior construction director from 1922 to 1933
  • Anton Hacker (1879–1942), port construction director from 1922 to 1942
  • Ludwig Plate (1883–1967), 1923 to 1949 electricity construction director, from 1933 senior construction director
  • Arnold Agatz (1891–1980), 1930 port construction director, from 1931 professor of foundation engineering, hydraulic engineering and port construction
  • Ralph Lutz (1915–1993), after 1945 port construction director, then until 1973 Senate construction director
  • Hans-Günter Rinne, port construction director around the 1970s and 1980s

literature

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hafenspiegel Bremische Häfen 2019 Bremenports, accessed on April 23, 2020 (pdf)
  2. ↑ Bremen ports in the red . In: Deutsche Seeschifffahrt , 1st quarter 2020, p. 29
  3. ↑ Total throughput in Bremen stable . In: Daily port report of April 10, 2019, p. 2
  4. ↑ Thomas Wägener: The rolling freight business is booming . In: Hansa , issue 7/2019, pp. 74–77
  5. ↑ Differentiated picture in the development of the envelope . In: Schiff & Hafen , issue 4/2014, pp. 44–47
  6. ↑ Frank Binder: Fewer containers in the ports of Bremen · Also decrease in vehicle handling · But a slight increase in total output to 74.2 million tons . In: Daily port report from March 23, 2017
  7. ↑ Statistics from BremenPorts , accessed on April 21, 2017
  8. ↑ Götz von Rohr: The development of the universal ports between Hamburg and Antwerp . In: Warning signals from the North Sea and Wadden Sea , 2002, Verlag Wissenschaftliche Auswertungen
  9. ↑ The Senator for Science and Ports: 10 years of port sustainability strategy “greenports” . Press release of the Senate of November 27, 2019.
  10. ^ Press service Bremische Hafenvertretung eV, January 1977
  11. ↑ Hafenspiegel 2017 BremenPorts, accessed on May 31, 2018
  12. ↑ Shipping over the sea, Bremen and Bremerhaven (2015) . In: special supplement Bremische Häfen to the daily port report of August 9, 2016, p. 2
  13. ↑ Hafenspiegel Bremische Häfen 2019 Bremenports, accessed on April 23, 2020
  14. ↑ Weser-Kurier : April 1, 2011, p. 18
  15. ↑ Bremenports: Numbers, data, facts 2010 ( PDF  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. )@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.bremenports.de  
  16. ↑ Eckhard-Herbert Arndt: Emden remains Europe's number 3 car hub . In: Daily port report of July 13, 2016, p. 3