Antwerp port
| Antwerp port | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Data | |||
| UN / LOCODE | BE ANR | ||
| operator | GHA (Antwerp Municipal Port Authority) | ||
| Port type | seaport | ||
| Total area of the port | 152.57 km² | ||
| Throughput | 238 million t (2019) | ||
| Container (TEU) | 11.87 million (2019) | ||
| website | www.portofantwerp.com | ||
| Geographic information | |||
| place | Antwerp | ||
| province | Antwerp Province | ||
| Country | Belgium | ||
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| Coordinates | 51 ° 17 '57 " N , 4 ° 19' 41" E | ||
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The port of Antwerp is the largest port in Belgium . In terms of cargo volume in tons, it is the second largest port in Europe (after Rotterdam ) and the seventeenth in the world. For general cargo is Antwerp the world's largest port. The port of Antwerp is also home to the world's second largest chemical industrial park after Houston .
The port is a docking port at the mouth of the Scheldt funnel . Ships of over 100,000 tons travel over 80 kilometers inland through this estuary. The imported goods need to travel 80 kilometers less by rail or road.
One of the decisive factors for its size is the port's central location in Europe: there are five capital cities and the German metropolitan region of Rhine-Ruhr ( Ruhr area to Cologne ) with 10 million inhabitants within a 250-kilometer radius of the port . 60 percent of the purchasing power of the European Union is within a radius of 500 km .
history
Before 1900
In the Middle Ages , the port of Antwerp was of great importance. When the city and port were conquered by the Spaniards during the Dutch War of Independence in 1585 , the Dutch, who controlled the northern Scheldt estuary, blocked the port of Antwerp. This blockade of the Scheldt was sustained for centuries and led to the port's economic stagnation, while competing ports in the northern Netherlands, particularly the port of Amsterdam , flourished. After the founding of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands in 1815, the Scheldt blockade was lifted and the port of Antwerp flourished. After Belgium split off in 1831, the mouth of the Scheldt, which remained under Dutch rule, was not closed again, but the Dutch levied a Scheldt tariff, which significantly hampered the development of shipping to Antwerp. It was not until 1863 that the Belgians were able to buy themselves out of the Dutch Scheldt tariff for 36 million Belgian francs (two thirds of which were taken over by other seafaring nations).
Until the 19th century, the port was on the right bank of the Scheldt, at the entrance to the city; the Scheldt quays. The port was expanded in the 19th century with the creation of the Napoleon dock. Napoléon Bonaparte wanted to convert the port under the French occupation into a military port in order to be able to attack Great Britain.
In 1879, the “ Iron Rhine ”, a railway connection for goods traffic to and from the Ruhr area, was opened and the port was then significantly expanded.
20th century
Antwerp and its port were occupied by the German Wehrmacht during the Second World War in May 1940 as part of the western campaign . After the Allies landed in Normandy on June 6, 1944 (" D-Day "), the Allies marched rapidly eastwards. The smaller port cities, which fell into the hands of the Allies, turned out to be too small or too badly damaged after the fighting to be able to serve as delivery points for the supply units of the Navy .
The port of Antwerp was a relatively undamaged large seaport and was occupied by the British 2nd Army in early September 1944 . Local resistance groups had contributed to the fact that the German troops could no longer destroy the port facilities before they withdrew. Since Antwerp is located in the hinterland of the Scheldt estuary , about 80 kilometers from the coast, it was only possible to use it if it was possible to eliminate the strong German artillery positions on the offshore Walcheren peninsula .
On September 12, 1944, the 1st Canadian Army was commissioned to free the Scheldt estuary. After the first unsuccessful attacks against the German positions there on the next day, the loss-making battle of the Scheldt estuary from October 2 to November 8, 1944 led to an Allied victory. After that, the river delta had to be laboriously cleared of the sea mines laid there . V2 shots from the Eifel region , the Cologne / Bonn area and the Netherlands on Antwerp (ordered by Hitler on October 12) also impaired public life in the city and the development of logistics in the port area. On November 28, the first convoy led by the Canadian freighter Fort Cataraqui entered the port.
In the 1950s and 1960s, the expansion of the port and then to the container port began , combined with the expansion of the port northwards to the Dutch border. Today, container traffic accounts for more than half of the tonnage handled (2018: of 235.2 million t total throughput 130.9 million t in the container sector; 2014: of 198.8 million t total throughput 108.1 million t in the container sector ).
Port design
Overview data
The port of Antwerp covers an area of 130.57 km², of which 72.39 km² is on the right bank and 58.18 km² on the left bank of the Scheldt. It extends over a water surface of 22 km². 400 km of roads and 1,113 km of railroad tracks are used to deliver and remove the handled goods. Each berth is equipped with two to five tracks. Most of the halls and warehouses near the dock also have a direct rail connection . The port is being expanded due to the growing volume of cargo handled.
Right bank of the Scheldt
The opening of the Berendrecht lock in 1989 was a crowning event for the development of the right dock. With a length of 500 meters, a width of 68.5 m and a depth of 17.5 m, it was the largest of its kind in the world. It allows a maximum draft of 11.85 m with a tidal range of almost 5 meters.
Since 1989, extensions have also taken place outside the direct dock complex. Thus, two container terminals : the Europa terminal was opened in 1990, the North Sea Terminal in 1997. Currently, modernized large parts of the area so that the Amerikadock , the Albert Dock and the Third Harbor dock for Panamax ships, of a maximum draft of 13 meters are accessible. The dolphin dock has also been modernized.
The MSC Home Terminal is a partnership between PSA Hesse-Noord Natie and MSC . It is two kilometers long, so that several ships can be processed at the same time, and is located in the northern part. The terminal is the European center for the services of the Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC). At the end of 2006 this had an annual capacity of 3.6 million TEU. At the end of 2016, the operation of the MSC Home Terminal moved from the Delwaidedock to the left bank of the Scheldt at Deurganckdok.
Left bank of the Scheldt
The left bank is currently under development. In the first phase, a 43.6 km² area with a focus on ports and industry was created. In addition, a further expansion of the order of 14 km² is planned.
The trigger for all this development was the 4½-kilometer-long Vrasenedock , whose terminals had specialized in wood products, fruit juice concentrates and automobiles. Since almost everything was occupied by this dock, the construction of the 5 km long Verrebroekdock began in 1986 , of which 3.1 km have already been completed. There are also modern handling facilities here.
The large lock with the dimensions 500 × 68 m, newly built at the southern end of the tidal Deurganckdok, was put into operation on April 15, 2016 as " Kieldrechtsluis ". It is the world's largest facility of its kind and can accommodate post panamax ships with up to 13,000 TEU and a draft of up to 17.8 m, as it is 4 meters deeper than the “Berendrechtsluis” on the right bank. It represents another approach to the Waasland Canal and thus to the Doeldock, Verrebroekdock and Vrasenedock docks and relieves the smaller "Kallosluis".
In the 2010s, large parts of Antwerp's container handling shifted to Deurganckdok on the left bank of the Scheldt, which large ships (up to the Triple-E class ) can approach without being locked. The Antwerp Gateway container terminal was built here with a quay length of 2,500 meters, of which DP World Antwerp is the largest shareholder with 42.5%. Further shares have Zim Ports and Cosco China with 20% and Terminal Link / CMA CGM with 10% and Duisport with 7.5%. In 2016, the MSC Home Terminal moved from Delwaidedok on the right bank of the Scheldt to Deurganckdok, the terminal here is called MSC PSA European Terminal (MPET).
envelope
| year | Container handling in TEU | Total throughput [ t ] |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 4.097 million | 130.994 million |
| 2001 | 4.193 million | 129.594 million |
| 2002 | 4.769 million | 131.630 million |
| 2003 | 5.441 million | 142.873 million |
| 2004 | 6.049 million | 152,305 million |
| 2005 | 6.482 million | 160.049 million |
| 2006 | 7.019 million | 167.377 million |
| 2007 | 8.176 million | 182.946 million |
| 2008 | 8.663 million | 189.336 million |
| 2009 | 7.309 million | 157.810 million |
| 2010 | 8.467 million | 178.160 million |
| 2011 | 8.661 million | 187.152 million |
| 2012 | 8.635 million | 184.134 million |
| 2013 | 8.578 million | 190.972 million |
| 2014 | 8.978 million | 199.017 million |
| 2015 | 9.653 million | 208.424 million |
| 2016 | 10.037 million | 214.144 million |
| 2017 | 10.451 million | 223.661 million |
| 2018 | 11,100 million | 235.326 million |
| 2019 | 11.860 million | 238.180 million |
In 2019 the amount of cargo was distributed u. a. on the following types of cargo:
- Container : 138,750 million t (2018: 130.9 million t; 2017: 123 million t; 2016: 118 million t; 2015: 113 million t)
- Liquid : 72,056 million t (2018: 75.883 million t; 2017: 73.174 million t; 2016: 69.65 million t; 2015: 66.7 million t)
- dry bulk cargo: 13.926 million t (2018: 13.064 million t; 2017: 12.2 million t; 2016: 12.44 million t; 2015: 13.8 million t)
- Conventional general cargo (e.g. iron / steel): (2018: 10.16 million t; 2017: 10.3 million t)
- Ro-Ro cargo: (2018: 5.3 million t; 2017: 5.1 million t; 2016: 4.56 million t; 2015: 4.7 million t)
- Motor vehicles: 1.22 million (2018: 1.296 million; 2017: 1.238 million; 2016: 1.19 million; 2015: 1.308 million)
The number of ship calls was 14,391 (2018: 14,595; 2017: 14,223; 2016: 14,473; 2015: 14,417) with a gross tonnage of 415,594 million GT (2018: 418.839 million GT; 2017: 406.762 million GT; 2016: 401.084 Million GT). Of these, 32% were container ships (4591) and 30% liquid cargo tankers (4274). In 2016, 458 container ships of the total number had a capacity of more than 13,000 TEU.
Port hinterland traffic
The hinterland traffic of the port of Antwerp is currently mainly by truck via the road.
The modal split in 2017 was:
- Trucks: 52% (56% in container traffic)
- Inland shipping : 37% (38% in container traffic)
- Railways : 8% (6% in container traffic)
The urgently needed increase in the share of rail traffic requires administrative and structural adjustments.
literature
- G. Rogers: Anvers Port de Mer. Description du port et des établissements maritime d'Anvers. D'apès les documents les plus récents . Guyot, Brussels 1885, OCLC 61594207 (French)
- Hermann Garrelmann: New Era in Antwerp . In: Hansa , issue 7/2016, p. 82/83, Schiffahrts-Verlag Hansa, Hamburg 2016, ISSN 0017-7504
- Thomas Wägener: Antwerp is looking for space . In: Hansa , issue 3/2018, p. 86/87
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Benjamin Klare: More boxes in Antwerp . In: Daily port report from January 3, 2020, p. 3
- ↑ aapa.files.cms-plus.com (PDF)
- ↑ Federal Agency for Foreign Trade: Chemical Industry, Belgium (2008) ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF)
- ↑ Port of Antwerp: New freight record . In: Hansa , issue 2/2015, p. 7
- ↑ Thomas Wägener: New areas for container handling . In: Hansa , issue 10/2019, p. 72/73
- ↑ Port of Antwerp ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. from the website of the Social and Economic Council Flanders (SERV)
- ↑ www.dpworld.be ( Memento of the original from October 16, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ ship-technology.com , accessed May 2013
- ^ Eckhard-Herbert Arndt, Frank Binder: Antwerp is planning a new container terminal . In: Daily port report , May 8, 2015, pp. 1 + 4
- ^ Eckhard-Herbert Arndt: Antwerp's new "Kieldrecht" lock . In: Daily port report , January 20, 2016, p. 13
- ↑ New lock to remove capacity bottlenecks in Antwerp. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Austrian Traffic newspaper February 8, 2013
- ↑ Antwerp is building the mega-lock / steel of the Eiffel Tower times three , ORF.at May 20, 2013
- ↑ Eckhard-Herbert Arndt: Antwerp keeps the growth engine going · Left bank of the Scheldt offers plenty of room for expansion for companies · New port house as another landmark . In: Daily port report , June 15, 2016, p. 15
- ↑ Thomas Wägener: Upward trend for north range . In: Hansa , issue 3/2017, p. 94
- ↑ Statistics portofantwerp.com, accessed on January 27, 2020
- ↑ Handling record in the port of Antwerp . In: Schiff & Hafen , issue 2/2017, p. 49
- ↑ Thomas Wägener: Antwerp is looking for space . In: Hansa , issue 3/2018, p. 86/87
Sea ports: Antwerp | Ghent | Bruges-Zeebrugge | Nieuwpoort | East End
Inland ports:
Brussels |
Charleroi |
La Louvière |
Liege |
Namur