Modal split
In the traffic statistics, the modal split is the distribution of the transport volume between different modes of transport . Another common name in passenger transport is choice of mode of transport . The modal split describes the mobility behavior of people; it depends, among other things, on the transport offer and economic decisions of companies. The modal split is determined partly through surveys and partly through traffic counts. Therefore, the respective figures are not always comparable.
Comparison of the modal split
The following tables show - depending on the source - the modal split of daily commuter traffic , but also partly the total traffic of the resident population or only the total share of so-called domestic traffic . Some data are based on the Urban Audit . Due to rounding errors, the sum of the percentages does not always result in 100% (e.g. in Berlin).
cities in Germany
country | city | on foot | bicycle | Public transport | Vehicle | year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Berlin | 30% | 18% | 27% | 26% | 2018 | |
Bonn | 29% | 12% | 14% | 46% | 2008 | |
Bremen | 25% | 25% | 15% | 36% | 2018 | |
Dortmund | 19% | 10% | 22% | 49% | 2019 | |
Dresden | 26% | 18% | 20% | 36% | 2018 | |
Dusseldorf | 29% | 12% | 19% | 40% | 2013 | |
eat | 19% | 7% | 19% | 55% | 2019 | |
Frankfurt am Main | 30% | 13% | 22% | 35% | 2013 | |
Freiburg in Breisgau | 29% | 34% | 16% | 21% | 2017 | |
Hamburg | 27% | 15% | 22% | 36% | 2017 | |
Hanover | 26% | 19% | 19% | 36% | 2017 | |
Karlsruhe | 24% | 25% | 17% | 34% | 2012 | |
Cologne | 25% | 19% | 21% | 35% | 2017 | |
Leipzig | 29% | 15% | 17% | 38% | 2013 | |
Mainz | 22% | 17% | 22% | 39% | 2016 | |
Mannheim | 34% | 15% | 16% | 35% | 2010 | |
Munich | 24% | 18% | 24% | 34% | 2017 | |
Muenster | 22% | 39% | 10% | 29% | 2013 | |
Nuremberg | 24% | 14% | 23% | 39% | 2019 | |
Oldenburg | 9% | 43% | 5% | 43% | 2010 | |
Osnabrück | 19% | 12% | 16% | 53% | 2010 | |
Paderborn | 17% | 15% | 10% | 58% | 2013 | |
Stuttgart | 26% | 5% | 24% | 45% | 2010 | |
Wiesbaden | 28% | 6% | 16% | 49% | 2018 |
Cities in Austria
country | city | on foot | bicycle | Public transport | Vehicle | year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Graz | 19% | 14% | 20% | 47% | 2013 | |
Linz | 22% | 7% | 21% | 49% | 2012 | |
Vienna | 26% | 7% | 39% | 28% | 2014 | |
Salzburg city | 20% | 20% | 15% | 44% | 2012 | |
Klagenfurt | 11% | 17% | 6% | 66% | 2011 | |
innsbruck | 27% | 13% | 17% | 42% | 2011 |
Cities worldwide with over 1 million inhabitants
country | city | on foot | bicycle | Public transport | Vehicle | year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adelaide | 3% | 1 % | 11% | 85% | 2016 | |
Auckland | 3% | 1 % | 6% | 89% | 2009–2012 | |
Barcelona | 40% | 2% | 33% | 25% | 2012 | |
Birmingham | 1 % | 1 % | 25% | 66% | 2001 | |
Beijing | 21% | 32% | 26% | 21% | 2005/2011 | |
Berlin | 30% | 18% | 27% | 26% | 2018 | |
Brisbane | 4% | 1 % | 14% | 81% | 2016 | |
Bogotá | 15% | 2% | 64% | 19% | 2008 | |
Budapest | 32% | 1 % | 47% | 20% | 2011 | |
Chicago | 3% | 1 % | 13% | 77% | 2016 | |
Dallas | 1 % | 0% | 2% | 90% | 2016 | |
Delhi | 21% | 12% | 48% | 19% | 2008/2011 | |
Hamburg | 28% | 12% | 18% | 42% | 2008 | |
Houston | 2% | 0% | 4% | 91% | 2016 | |
Cologne | 25% | 19% | 21% | 35% | 2017 | |
London | 21% | 2% | 44% | 34% | 2011 | |
los Angeles | 3% | 1 % | 5% | 85% | 2016 | |
Madrid | 36% | 0% | 34% | 30% | 2006 | |
Melbourne | 4% | 2% | 19% | 76% | 2016 | |
Mumbai | 27% | 6% | 52% | 15% | 2008/2011 | |
Munich | 24% | 18% | 24% | 34% | 2017 | |
New York City | 6% | 1 % | 33% | 55% | 2016 | |
Osaka | 27% | 0% | 34% | 39% | 2000 | |
Paris | 61% | 3% | 27% | 9% | 2010 | |
Perth | 3% | 1 % | 12% | 84% | 2016 | |
Philadelphia | 4% | 1 % | 12% | 80% | 2016 | |
Phoenix | 2% | 1 % | 2% | 87% | 2016 | |
Prague | 23% | 1 % | 43% | 33% | 2009 | |
Rome | 4% | 1 % | 29% | 66% | 2014 | |
San Antonio | 2% | 0% | 3% | 90% | 2016 | |
San Diego | 3% | 1 % | 3% | 85% | 2016 | |
San Francisco | 5% | 2% | 20% | 64% | 2016 | |
San Jose | 2% | 5% | 5% | 84% | 2016 | |
Seattle | 4% | 1 % | 10% | 77% | 2016 | |
Shanghai | 27% | 20% | 33% | 20% | 2009/2011 | |
Singapore | 22% | 1 % | 44% | 33% | 2011 | |
Sydney | 5% | 1 % | 27% | 67% | 2006 | |
Taipei | 15% | 4% | 33% | 48% | 2009/2010 | |
Tokyo | 23% | 14% | 51% | 12% | 2008/2009 | |
Toronto | 7% | 2% | 34% | 56% | 2006 | |
Vienna | 26% | 7% | 39% | 28% | 2014 | |
Warsaw | 5% | 1 % | 60% | 34% | 2009 |
Cities worldwide with over 500,000 inhabitants
country | city | on foot | bicycle | Public transport | Vehicle | year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amsterdam | 4% | 38% | 30% | 28% | 2010 | |
Boston | 14% | 2% | 35% | 45% | 2009 | |
Bremen | 25% | 23% | 16% | 36% | 2013 | |
The hague | 20% | 19% | 16% | 46% | 2008 | |
Dortmund | 19% | 10% | 22% | 49% | 2019 | |
Dresden | 27% | 12% | 22% | 39% | 2013 | |
Dusseldorf | 29% | 12% | 19% | 40% | 2013 | |
eat | 19% | 7% | 19% | 55% | 2019 | |
Frankfurt am Main | 30% | 13% | 22% | 35% | 2013 | |
Gothenburg | 20% | 7% | 29% | 44% | 2018 | |
Hanover | 26% | 19% | 19% | 36% | 2017 | |
Helsinki | 32% | 11% | 34% | 23% | 2013 | |
Indianapolis | 2% | 1 % | 2% | 92% | 2009 | |
Copenhagen | 17% | 30% | 20% | 33% | 2014 | |
Las Vegas | 3% | 0% | 3% | 89% | 2009 | |
Leipzig | 29% | 15% | 17% | 38% | 2013 | |
Lisbon | 10% | 0% | 46% | 40% | 2001 | |
Málaga | 38% | 1 % | 12% | 49% | 2008 | |
Naples | 13% | 0% | 26% | 60% | 2001 | |
Nuremberg | 24% | 14% | 23% | 39% | 2019 | |
Ottawa | 10% | 2% | 14% | 72% | 2011 | |
Palermo | 12% | 1 % | 9% | 78% | 2015 | |
Portland | 6% | 6% | 12% | 70% | 2009 | |
Rotterdam | 18% | 16% | 17% | 49% | 2008 | |
Stockholm | 14% | 7% | 47% | 32% | 2011 | |
San Francisco | 10% | 3% | 32% | 46% | 2009 | |
Zaragoza | 17% | 0% | 29% | 54% | 2004 | |
Seattle | 8th % | 3% | 20% | 63% | 2009 | |
Seville | 13% | 6% | 15% | 64% | 2012 | |
Stuttgart | 26% | 5% | 24% | 45% | 2010 | |
Turin | 29% | 2% | 23% | 43% | 2013 | |
Valencia | 41% | 4% | 23% | 32% | 2012 | |
Vilnius | 36% | 0% | 26% | 38% | 2011 | |
Washington, DC | 11% | 2% | 37% | 43% | 2009 |
Cities worldwide with over 100,000 inhabitants
country | city | on foot | bicycle | Public transport | Vehicle | year |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aarhus | 7% | 27% | 19% | 43% | 2004 | |
Alicante | 18% | 0% | 13% | 69% | 2004 | |
Bari | 13% | 1 % | 14% | 72% | 2001 | |
Basel | 33% | 17% | 27% | 22% | 2015 | |
Bern | 30% | 15% | 32% | 22% | 2015 | |
Bilbao | 23% | 0% | 34% | 43% | 2004 | |
Bologna | 8th % | 4% | 21% | 67% | 2001 | |
Bonn | 9% | 13% | 21% | 57% | 2004 | |
Boston | 14% | 2% | 35% | 45% | 2009 | |
Bratislava | 4% | 0% | 70% | 26% | 2004 | |
Bristol | 13% | 5% | 8th % | 33% | 2011 | |
Canberra | 5% | 2% | 8th % | 85% | 2006 | |
Christchurch | 6% | 8th % | 9% | 78% | 2009–2012 | |
Cordoba | 18% | 1 % | 10% | 71% | 2004 | |
Eindhoven | 3% | 24% | 8th % | 65% | 2004 | |
Florence | 8th % | 4% | 21% | 69% | 2001 | |
Freiburg in Breisgau | 11% | 13% | 12% | 63% | 2004 | |
Gijón | 24% | 0% | 17% | 59% | 2004 | |
Graz | 19% | 14% | 20% | 47% | 2013 | |
Las Palmas | 12% | 0% | 24% | 64% | 2004 | |
Malmo | 6% | 25% | 18% | 51% | 2011 | |
Mannheim | 34% | 15% | 16% | 35% | 2010 | |
Murcia | 18% | 1 % | 7% | 74% | 2004 | |
Tallinn | 16% | 0% | 50% | 34% | 2004 | |
Utrecht | 3% | 21% | 25% | 51% | 2004 | |
Valladolid | 22% | 1 % | 20% | 57% | 2004 | |
Vigo | 19% | 0% | 13% | 68% | 2004 | |
Wellington | 11% | 3% | 19% | 65% | 2009–2012 | |
Winterthur | 29% | 15% | 20% | 35% | 2015 | |
Zurich | 33% | 12% | 32% | 21% | 2015 |
Notes: European data are based on the Urban Audit, US data are based on the 2009 Census' American Community Survey, Australian data are based on the ABS Census.
Common categorizations of modes of transport
In local public transport
-
Motorized individual traffic (MIT)
- by vehicle: car , motorcycle etc.
- according to participation: driver, passenger or co-driver
-
Public transport (ÖV)
-
Local public transport (ÖPNV)
- Local rail passenger transport (SPNV)
- Local road transport (ÖSPV)
-
Local public transport (ÖPNV)
- Non-motorized individual traffic (NMIV) or non-motorized traffic
In long-distance passenger transport
- Public transport (ÖV)
- air traffic
- Railway: Long-distance passenger rail transport (SPFV)
- Long-distance buses
- Individual traffic (IV)
- by vehicle: car, motorcycle etc.
- according to participation: driver, passenger or co-driver
In freight transport
- Air freight
- Local road freight transport
- Long- distance road haulage
- Factory traffic
- Rail freight transport
- Pipeline traffic
- Inland shipping
- Ocean freight
Reference values and definitions
The modal split can be calculated for different traffic sizes. The most common are (each in a certain time unit)
- the traffic performance in the units of passenger- kilometers (pkm) or tonne-kilometers (tkm).
- the totality of the ways. A path is a change of location from a starting point to a destination that serves a specific purpose. If different means of transport are used for the trip, the means of transport mainly used counts.
Depending on how the modal split is calculated, it can be very different. In Germany, for example, 22% of all trips but only 3% of all person-kilometers are covered on foot.
Determining the types of traffic flows to be recorded is also important. After an examination area has been determined, the recorded traffic can e.g. B. be assigned to internal traffic, through traffic, source or destination traffic. The modal split of the individual traffic flows can vary widely. In Münster, for example, the proportion of motorized vehicles in destination traffic (i.e. people commuting to Münster) is significantly higher than in domestic traffic.
Since different investigations do not make the same determinations, the determined modal split is usually only partially comparable.
See also
- Mobility management
- Environmental association
- Gentle mobility
- Combined traffic
- Mode of transport
- Modes of transport
- traffic system
Web links
- Research project "Mobility in Cities - SrV" of the Technical University of Dresden , statistical surveys for many German cities
- MiD - Mobility in Germany (BMVBS, INFAS, DLR, DIW)
- SOCIALDATA - mobility data: choice of means of transport
- TEMS: Modal split database for European cities , map-based overview of transport distribution (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b [Briefly explained] What is the modal split and what does it say? In: future mobility. April 9, 2018, accessed March 17, 2019 .
- ↑ Total traffic of the resident population, facts and figures on traffic / State of Berlin. Retrieved March 14, 2020 .
- ^ Infas Institute for Applied Social Science GmbH: Everyday traffic in Bonn and the Rhein-Sieg district. November 23, 2009, archived from the original on August 28, 2017 ; accessed on March 27, 2018 .
- ↑ More cycling and e-bikes: results of the mobility survey are available. Retrieved February 5, 2020 .
- ↑ Results of the representative household survey “SrV 2018” on private mobility in Dresden. In: Dresden.de. City of Dresden: Urban Development, Construction, Transport and Real Estate Division, February 6, 2020, accessed on February 28, 2020 .
- ↑ Data and facts on mobility in Düsseldorf at duesseldorf.de, accessed on February 12, 2020
- ↑ City of Essen: Household survey on mobility behavior in Essen 2019 - Results report for the City of Essen - short version . Ed .: City of Essen, Office for Urban Planning and Building Regulations. Self-published, Essen June 2019, p. 8 .
- ↑ Mobility Strategy Frankfurt am Main on frankfurt.de, accessed on February 12, 2020
- ↑ Study on traffic behavior ( Memento from April 17, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), City of Freiburg
- ↑ p. 31 in Infas: Results of the Mobility in Germany study (PDF; 2.9 MB)
- ↑ Modal + Split + Hannover_2018 [PDF] on hannover.de, November 26, 2018, accessed on February 12, 2020
- ↑ omniphon: Mobility Behavior 2012 - City of Karlsruhe. Retrieved June 14, 2018 .
- ↑ Mobility in Cologne - MiDInKöln on mobilitaet-in-deutschland.de, accessed on February 13, 2020
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ Ingenieurbüro Helmert: Mobility survey - study of the daily traffic behavior of the population in the city of Mainz Result report for the city of Mainz, short version . Ed .: City of Mainz. August 2016, p. 23 , p. 13 ( online [PDF]).
- ↑ Traffic data - Mobility in Munich 2017: household survey on muenchen.de, accessed on February 17, 2020
- ↑ Traffic behavior and choice of means of transport of Münster residents . Results of a household survey in autumn 2013. In: Contributions to urban research, urban development, urban planning, traffic planning . No. 1/2014 . City of Münster, August 8, 2014, ISSN 0933-9078 , p. 11 , Fig. 6 ( stadt-muenster.de [PDF; 804 kB ; accessed on November 28, 2016]).
- ↑ a b Data and facts on mobility , VAG Nürnberg , accessed on February 7, 2020
- ↑ Transport survey . Retrieved December 18, 2018 .
- ↑ http://epomm.eu/tems/result_city.phtml?city=331&map=1 Data on the modal split in Osnabrück in 2010
- ↑ mobility. Retrieved on July 17, 2018 (German).
- ↑ mobility data. Retrieved on July 17, 2018 (German).
- ^ A b Modal split of the Stuttgart resident population , City of Stuttgart, p.8
- ↑ Data on the traffic behavior of the Wiesbaden population - results of the SrV 2013 . In: Landeshauptstadt Wiesbaden (Ed.): Wiesbadener Stadtanalysen . 2018, p. 64 ( online [PDF]).
- ↑ Mobility figures - Mobility survey of the Graz resident population 2013 . City of Graz. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved on December 9, 2014.
- ↑ The mobility behavior of the resident population and the volume of traffic in the state capital Linz - result of the 2012 traffic survey . Office of Upper Austria. State government. Retrieved on December 9, 2014. ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Modal Split 2014: Cycling in Vienna increasingly popular. In: OTS .at. February 10, 2015, accessed February 10, 2015 .
- ↑ Does the state have any surveys on the number of passengers in public transport over the past five years? Retrieved November 25, 2016 .
- ↑ Smart City Klagenfur. Retrieved November 25, 2016 .
- ↑ Mag. Beatrix Frenckell-Insam: Smart City Innsbruck. Retrieved May 18, 2018 .
- ↑ a b c New Zealand Household Travel Survey: Travel to work, by main urban area results (3-year moving average)
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Passenger Transport Mode Shares in World Cities ( Memento from September 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 3 MB)
- ↑ Page 7 in Infas: Mobility in the Greater Hamburg Area (PDF; 274 kB)
- ↑ Mobility in Cologne - MiDInKöln on mobilitaet-in-deutschland.de, accessed on February 13, 2020
- ↑ Transport for London: "Travel in London" Report 5 (PDF; 5.3 MB), 2012
- ↑ Traffic data - Mobility in Munich 2017: household survey on muenchen.de, accessed on February 17, 2020
- ^ Enquête Globale Transport 2010 ( Memento from January 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on September 19
- ↑ The yearbook of transportation Prague 2009 ( Memento of September 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 33.9 MB), page 5, accessed on March 23, 2011
- ↑ City of Toronto , retrieved April 29, 2012
- ↑ Modal Split 2014: Cycling in Vienna increasingly popular. In: OTS .at. February 10, 2015, accessed February 10, 2015 .
- ↑ [2] ( MS Excel ; 1.2 MB) (English), accessed on April 6, 2012
- ↑ TEMS - The EPOMM Modal Split Tool Den Haag on epomm.eu, accessed on June 8, 2020
- ↑ More cycling and e-bikes: results of the mobility survey are available. Retrieved February 5, 2020 .
- ↑ Data and facts on mobility in Düsseldorf at duesseldorf.de, accessed on February 12, 2020
- ↑ City of Essen: Household survey on mobility behavior in Essen 2019 - Results report for the City of Essen - short version . Ed .: City of Essen, Office for Urban Planning and Building Regulations. Self-published, Essen June 2019, p. 8 .
- ↑ Mobility Strategy Frankfurt am Main on frankfurt.de, accessed on February 12, 2020
- ↑ TEMS - The EPOMM Modal Split Tool Gothenburg on epomm.eu, accessed on June 8, 2020
- ↑ Modal + Split + Hannover_2018 [PDF] on hannover.de, November 26, 2018, accessed on February 12, 2020
- ↑ TEMS - The EPOMM Modal Split Tool Helsinki on epomm.eu, accessed on June 8, 2020
- ↑ TEMS - The EPOMM Modal Split Tool Málaga on epomm.eu, accessed on June 8, 2020
- ↑ TEMS - The EPOMM Modal Split Tool Palermo on epomm.eu, accessed on June 8, 2020
- ↑ TEMS - The EPOMM Modal Split Tool Rotterdam on epomm.eu, accessed on June 8, 2020
- ↑ Modal Split in Stockholm and Copenhagen on researchgate.net, accessed June 8, 2020
- ↑ Turin (IT) –Case Study [PDF] on mobility-workspace.eu, accessed on June 8, 2020
- ↑ TEMS - The EPOMM Modal Split Tool Valencia on epomm.eu, accessed on June 8, 2020
- ↑ Naujų transporto rūšių diegimo Vilniaus mieste specialusis planas ( Memento of December 3, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 8.3 MB), September 15, 2011, accessed on July 3, 2013
- ↑ a b c d Comparison of cities in mobility A comparison of the cities of Basel, Bern, Lucerne, St.Gallen, Winterthur and Zurich in 2015. Accessed on June 14, 2020 .
- ↑ Method of Travel to Work by measures ; nomis official labor market statistics; 2011
- ↑ Mobility figures - Mobility survey of the Graz resident population 2013 . City of Graz. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved on December 9, 2014.
- ↑ Urban Audit ( Memento of the original dated February 6, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ^ The Transport Politic: “Transit Mode Share Trends Looking Steady; Rail Appears to Encourage Non-Automobile Commutes "
- ↑ Paul Mees et al : Travel to work in Australian capital cities 1976–2006 (PDF; 299 kB), 2007
- ↑ Research information system for mobility, traffic and urban development : Intermodality - definition of route, route chain and stages. June 4, 2018, accessed December 30, 2019 .
- ↑ Robert Follmer, Dana Gruschwitz: Mobility in Germany - MiD short report. Ed .: BMVI. Bonn 2018.