Environmental association
Environmental association is a term from transport planning . The corresponding English term is "ecomobility".
history
The idea, concept and term "environmental network" were developed in 1986 by Konrad Otto-Zimmermann and published for the first time. The idea of the environmental association was directed against the orientation of urban and urban traffic planning towards private automobiles that was predominant in the 1960s and 1970s . Umweltverbund postulates the planning for - and promotion of - urban and environmentally friendly modes of transport which, in conjunction with one another, enable city dwellers to be “without a car” , i.e. to reduce their dependence on cars. A new planning paradigm was created which assigns priority to the environmental network and only regards motorized individual transport as a supplementary type of transport for special transport purposes.
The idea of the environmental network was quickly taken up by experts. Planning for the environmental network has become part of the transport policy and planning of numerous German cities.
definition
Umweltverbund refers to the group of "environmentally friendly" modes of transport: non-motorized modes of transport ( pedestrians and private or public bicycles ), public transport ( trains , buses and taxis ), as well as car sharing and car sharing . The aim of the environmental network is to enable road users to cover their routes within the environmental network and to be less dependent on their own car .
“Environmentally friendly” refers to the pollutant emissions per person-kilometer (which is why air traffic does not come under the term), the land consumption (multi-lane streets and parking lots compete with green and residential areas in cities and seal the ground) and the noise pollution. Ultimately, all means of transport except motorized individual transport (MIT) can be counted as part of the environmental network.
The use of the term also implies the connection of the means of transport mentioned. Only good networking can increase the acceptance of the environmental network, so that individual motorized traffic decreases. A city's environmental network can only be described as successful if, for example
- Buses and trains are coordinated,
- bus stops are within walking distance of every residential address ,
- the timetable is tight, noticeable and reliable,
- the cycle path network is dense, continuous and signposted,
- Pedestrians can move safely in traffic and
- Bicycles can be carried on public transport .
Technical basics
The data bases that initially suggested funding for the environmental network in urban traffic were, in particular, the KONTIV investigations by the Federal Ministry of Transport and the social science studies by the Socialdata Institute in Munich in the 1980s.
See also
- Carless
- Foot traffic
- Special forms of public transport (expansion of the environmental network through special forms of public transport, partly based on a car)
- Gentle mobility
- Tram-Train (linking of railways and trams within the environmental network)
swell
- First publication of the "environmental network" concept:
- K. Otto-Zimmermann: Environmental Association in Local Transport. In: Association of Cities and Municipalities. 2/1986, pp. 55-62
- The bicycle in the environmental network: reorganized transport infrastructure and the bicycle in the network with trains and buses. ADFC conference "The bicycle as an economic factor", Münster, 23 August 1989
- City of Munich, Stadtwerke, Department for Urban Planning and Building Regulations, 1992: Munich relies on the environmental network. Vol. 1, Munich relies on the environmental network
- Vol. 2, Chances for Behavior Change
- E. Erl, S. Bobinger: Environmental network in local traffic: relief potential through an integrated promotion of environmentally friendly traffic systems taking into account the tram. Ed .: Federal Environment Agency , Berlin 1994
- Reinhold, Baier, Juliane Hesemann (Red.): Cooperation in the environmental network: joint planning and public relations work for pedestrian, bicycle and public transport. Ed .: Institute for State and Urban Development Research of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia (ILS), Duisburg 1995
- BSV Office for Urban and Transport Planning , Reinhold Baier GmbH (edit.): Main roads for the environmental network: a planning aid for practice. Ed .: Institute for State and Urban Development Research of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia , Dortmund 1998
- FOOT e. V., Fachverband Fußverkehr Deutschland : Foot traffic in the environmental network. Berlin 2002