Bike rental system

A public bike rental system is a form of bike rental in which the bikes are usually available in public spaces or at publicly accessible stations. The system was established in almost all large countries in the world from the mid-1990s.

Sidewalk in front of the Volkspark Prenzlauer Berg in Berlin with bikes from the rental companies Mobike , Donkey Republic and Jump (Uber) , June 2019

overview

These systems are set up by transport associations, companies, municipalities and local authority associations and are often provided on specially marked areas. The use of these bicycles is considered to be sensible , especially over short distances in urban areas . In contrast to their own bicycle, the user does not have to worry about the maintenance and safe parking of the bicycle or even about taking it on other means of transport. At the beginning of the 21st century, many municipalities, especially in European countries, discovered such systems as a new public mobility offer and as a means of promoting cycling in general. In China, bicycle sharing is one of the four new great inventions of modern times . There are now public bike rental systems around the world. From the mid-2010s, there were also rental options for cargo bikes supported by municipalities or hardware stores in several cities .

Some Internet portals observe global developments and keep small statistics. It was found that the most significant increase occurred between 2007 and 2012. At the end of 2012 there were almost 500 rental companies around the world, including around 300 in Europe. But even in Africa there was already a supplier on the market.

Loan types

membership

In all cases, personal registration with the respective provider is required. People identify themselves with their membership card (or with a chip card, by mobile phone or in some other way) at one of the locations or directly on the parked bike.

Station bound

In this version of the system, the bicycles are stored at fixed self-service terminals throughout the city or are latched into place for parking. With many system providers, the first half hour is free. The individual is responsible for any damage or loss until the bike is returned and checked in at the same or a different fixed station.

Stationless

Here the rental bikes can be found using a smartphone app using GPS and not parked at a rental station, but at any location within the defined usage area. Misuse and damage to the vehicles through negligent parking is not excluded. In China there was a rapid increase in the size and use of such private bike rental systems from around 2010, which mostly work in conjunction with a smartphone. With these rental systems, the user simply parks the bike, taking into account the relevant traffic situation. The next user can then find it again using GPS.

Provider (selection)

Some entrepreneurs have now discovered this growing market as a business model to offer visitors or residents of cities an environmentally friendly means of transport without them having to worry about investment or operating costs. Such rental systems are mostly operated abroad by various outdoor advertising companies such as iHeartMedia (Smartbikes), JCDecaux ( Cyclocity ) Gewista ( Citybike Salzburg and Citybike Wien ), Smoove , Ströer (collaboration with DB Connect on Call a Bike ) and Bicincitta .

In Germany providers such as Nextbike , Mobike and Call a Bike have established themselves and sometimes receive public funding for them. Some of these providers also lend out with an addition in the brand name, such as Lidl-Bikes or Deezer Nextbike , both in Berlin.

In other countries and on other continents with a high population density in cities, Ofo (this had carried out a test run with 3000 bicycles in Berlin in 2018 , which was given up again in August due to inefficiency), Mobike and other stationless rental systems operate . These are now present with millions of bicycles in over 100 cities, mainly in China , and since 2017 also in Europe, and are among the largest bicycle operators in the world. In April 2018, Uber acquired the New York bike rental system Jump Bikes .

In addition, peer-2-peer rental systems are trying to come onto the market. With these systems, everyone can lend their bike to another private individual. Questions about costs are then clarified directly between the owner and the interested party. An example of this is upperbike . It remains to be seen whether such systems will survive alongside conventional commercial providers.

In addition to bicycles as a simple means of transport, new providers became active from the late 2010s onwards who developed a link between cargo bikes and bicycles with electric drives, known as e-cargo bikes . Some hardware stores are even making these new, environmentally friendly means of transport available free of charge for purchases made there.

Problems and criticism

A problem that is often underestimated when launching such bicycle systems is vandalism , with damage not only from improper handling of the bicycles, but also from willful destruction and theft, which has led to greatly increased costs for the operator. These costs were either passed on to the users or to the municipalities placing tenders, or they had led to a complete withdrawal from the market. For example, Hong Kong- based operator Gobee Bike withdrew from the French cities of Paris, Lille and Reims in early 2018 after just four months , after having previously given up in Brussels. Up to 60 percent of his bikes were damaged or stolen there. Also Mobike lost by its own account in 2019 worldwide 205,600 wheels through theft or destruction and retreated for this reason from British cities such as Manchester , Newcastle and Gateshead back. Obike also filed for bankruptcy in July 2018 .

Some providers were involved in legal disputes against one another or with a city in a number of cities, or were affected by antitrust decisions or outdoor advertising bans, for example in Hamburg, Dublin, Geneva and Barcelona. These processes had largely been decided by the end of 2017.

Particularly in the context of the expansion of ofo and obike in Europe, the collection and analysis of location-based user data and the littering of cities from parked bicycles were named as problems.

The Indymedia Internet platform repeatedly called for the rental bikes to be destroyed. Left-wing extremists justify this with criticism of the forms of employment in the companies behind them. The destruction ranges from the affixing of stickers on the QR codes to the puncturing of the tires, violent knocking over, sinking in water to burning the wheels. In Berlin, the brake hoses on rental bikes have already been cut , which is a massive hazard for all road users.

Overview of bike rental systems (selection)

Germany

Basics

The Federal Ministry of Transport (BMVBS) has been funding model projects since 2009 to develop public bicycle rental systems (ÖFVS), which at that time already existed in a number of larger cities, as part of an intermodal transport chain. The focus was, among other things, on interlinking with public transport (ÖPV). The idea of this connection was new. There were two project phases for this: the first took place as a pilot project in 2009 in six model regions. Their results, together with an expert opinion on the legal and financial aspects of the ÖFVS, were published in the brochure Innovative public bicycle rental systems. Model projects at the start and online on the BMVBS homepage. The second project phase began afterwards (2010/2011) and led to the establishment of such rental systems in the observed regions, which are mostly financed by the state governments. Above all, more bicycles were used because the system had proven itself.

→ The following list does not include any bicycle dealers who lend bicycles or individual retailers. ←

Berlin

According to the Berlin traffic administration, more than 11,000 rental bikes were available for use in the city in 2019. Of these, around 700 were Mobike, 3,500 were Lidl bikes, around 2,500 were Deezer Next Bike and the rest were others. Some providers like Mobike have announced that they will increase their fleet to up to 10,000 bikes; Space is up to around 24,000 vehicles.

The free rental of cargo bikes has been tested in the Berlin districts of Lichtenberg and Spandau since 2018 . In November 2019, the district administration of Steglitz-Zehlendorf decided to also offer free cargo bikes at ten different locations from January 2020. Three bicycle models will be designed as e-cargo bikes . - By mid-2019, around 70 cargo bikes should be available for rent across Berlin. During the massive restrictions as a result of the corona pandemic , most providers withdrew their bikes. From June 2020 they will be set up more frequently again.

Potsdam

Starting in December 2019, ten stations will be set up in Potsdam for free rental of cargo bikes, also advertised here with fleet . The Invole association coordinates the activities and will monitor the functioning.

- Sorted alphabetically according to cities -

k. A. = not specified

city	Commissioning (date) withdrawal	System and possibly a brief description	Surname	Number of stations	Number of bicycles	image
Aachen	July 2017	Velocity	Velocity Aachen	48	180
Amrum	August 2019	MOQO	Amrum bike sharing	10	20th	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Aschaffenburg	k. A.	Nextbike	nextbike	4th	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Baden-Baden	k. A.	Call a bike	Call a bike	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Berlin	March 2017	Call a bike	LIDL BIKES	350 / stationless	3500
	April 2017	Donkey Republic	Donkey Republic Berlin	stationless	600 (end of 2017)
	Spring 2017	nextbike	nextbike	200 The stations are mainly located at public transport stops, near sights and areas with high residential and business density , especially within the S-Bahn ring.	2000
	October 2016	Deezer , daughter of nextbike	Deezer	269	2000
	October 2016 Relocated here in August 2018	Ofo	Ofo	stationless
	November 2017	Mobike	Mobike	stationless	700
	March 2018	Free cargo bikes	fleet	12 (Lichtenberg district) In Steglitz-Zehlendorf, the first lending station on the Albert Schweitzer campus will be inaugurated on November 8, 2019 . From January 2020, a further nine locations will be available in the district. - The project is a cooperation between the district administrations and the ADFC .	70 ( as of Nov. 18, 2019)
	April 2018	LimeBike	LimeBike	stationless	500
	November 2018	Jump ("by Uber")	Jump	stationless	1000 The two-wheeled vehicles are painted in a striking red and some parts are integrated into the frame.
	June 2019	Byke	Byke	stationless	50	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Bochum	Early 2010	metropolradruhr		72 The stations are mainly located at public transport stops, near sights and on the premises of the Ruhr University Bochum .	550
Bonn	October 2018	Nextbike	nextbike	35 / stationless	900	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Bremen	March 2018 to the end of May 2018	LimeBike	LimeBike	stationless	500 The establishment failed due to a financial problem: the city administration had demanded a special usage fee of 160 euros per month, which could not be earned with the loan. Lime Bike withdrew from the city.
Bremen	June 2018	WW Bike	WK Bike (WK = Weser Courier )	40 fixed stations planned	325	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Darmstadt	2014	Call a bike	Call a bike	> 30	350	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Dortmund	k. A.	nextbike	MetropolradRuhr	k. A.	k. A.
Dreieich	October 2017	Byke	Byke	stationless	100	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Dresden	2005	Nextbike	nextbike	k. A.	500	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Dresden	Winter 2017/18	SZ bike, partner of Nextbike , from the Saxon newspaper organized	SZ-Bike: MOBI service of the Dresden transport company	more than 20; Lending only at stations, delivery within the city ring	500
Dusseldorf	July 2008	Nextbike	nextbike	55	400	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
	October 2017	Call a bike	FordPass Bike	135	1200
	May 2018	Mobike	Mobike	stationless	600	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
	July 2018	Flexbeee	Flexbeee	stationless	100
Duisburg	September 2010	nextbike	MetropolradRuhr	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Frankfurt am Main	2007	nextbike	nextbike	38	300
	k. A.	Call a bike flex	Call a bike	k. A.	k. A.
	October 2017	Byke The bikes have a blue frame, yellow rims and a sturdy luggage basket.	Byke	stationless	100
	January 2018	LimeBike	LimeBike	stationless	500
Freiburg in Breisgau	2010	Call a bike	Call a bike	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Hamburg	2009	Call a bike fix	StadtRAD Hamburg	208	2450
Hamburg	2008	nextbike	nextbike	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Hanover	k. A.	Call a bike	Call-a-bike	1	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Karlsruhe	2007-2014: Call-a-Bike	nextbike	nextbike	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Karlsruhe	2017	Packenkarle	Packenkarle	6th	7th	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
kassel	March 29, 2012	Call a bike	Konrad	56	500	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Cologne	2013	Free cargo bikes	Casimir	10	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
	May 2015	nextbike	KVB bike	25th	1460
	October 2017	Call a bike	FordPass Bike (until 2017: Call a Bike)	220	2000
	July 2018	Mobike	Mobike	stationless	500	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
	April 2018	Donkey Republic	Donkey Republic	k. A.	150
Constancy	July 2016	k. A.	TINK	13	26th
Constancy	2018	k. A.	KONRAD	15th	150
Langen (Hesse)	October 2017	Byke	Byke	stationless	100	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Leipzig	2005	nextbike	Leipzig mobil subsidiary of nextbike	70	almost 1000
Leipzig	2012	Free cargo bikes	KOLARA Le (collective cargo bike Leipzig)	k. A.	around the 10th	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Luneburg	2013	Call a bike fix	StadtRAD Lüneburg	5	50	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Magdeburg	k. A.	Call a bike	Call a bike	1	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Mainz	2012	nextbike	MVGmeinRad	120	960
Marburg	2014	Call a bike	Call a bike	10	105	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Mülheim ad Ruhr	Mid 2010	nextbike	MetropolradRuhr	k. A.	150 (2012)
Mülheim ad Ruhr	2018, test phase from April 10th to June	Byke	Byke	16	82	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Munich	2000	Call a bike flex	Call a bike	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
	October 2015	nextbike	MVG wheel	84	1200	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
	October 2015	Free cargo bikes	Free cargo cyclists	9	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Norderstedt	April 2011	nextbike	nextbike	14th	70	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Norderstedt	July 2016	nextbike	TINK	14th	24	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Nuremberg	2011 2018 discontinued	nextbike	NorisBike	66	750	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
	2017	Cargo bike for everyone, organized by the Bluepingu association	Cargo bike for everyone	4th	4th	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
	2019	nextbike	VAG wheel	32 flexible lending and return in the inner city area within the Ringstrasse	1500	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Offenburg	k. A.	nextbike	nextbike	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Rostock	2016	k. A.	HRO-Bike / elronex GmbH	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Rostock	2013	k. A.	ELROS / pironex GmbH	5	28
Rüsselsheim am Main	2014	Call a bike	Call a bike	6th	30th	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Speyer	May 2015	nextbike	VRNnextbike	k. A.	k. A.
Stuttgart, metropolitan area	May 2018 (previous system 2007)	Deutsche Bahn Connect	Regiorad Stuttgart	90	700 + 100
Sylt	July 2019	MOQO	JOJO bike sharing	k. A.	6th	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Usedom Island , from Greifswald to Świnoujście (coastal area)	April 2011	Nextbike , together with independent partners	UsedomRad GmbH	106	1000+ 30 pedelecs	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Wiesbaden	2014	Call a bike	Call a bike	5	75	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Wurzburg	2016	Free cargo bikes	Free cargo bike Würzburg	7th	7th	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW

Austria

Urban and countryside	Commissioning date	system	Surname	Number of stations	Number of bicycles	image
innsbruck	since April 2014	nextbike	City bike Innsbruck	42	360	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Klagenfurt	April 2017	nextbike	nextbike	11	60	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Vienna	May 2003	Cyclocity	Citybike Vienna	121	1500
	2010	Free cargo bikes	Cargo bike collective	k. A.	14th	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
	August 2017 to July 2018	Ofo	Ofo	stationless	0	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
	March 2017	Donkey Republic	Donkey Republic	stationless	100	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW

Switzerland

City, possibly canton and other cities	Installation	system	Surname	Number of stations	Number of bicycles	image
to bathe	June 2017	carvelo2go	carvelo2go	7th	7th	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Basel	March 2016	carvelo2go	carvelo2go	23	24	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Basel	May 2018	Pick e-bike	Pick-e-bike ( e-bikes requiring a license )	stationless	250	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Bellinzona	k. A.	carvelo2go	carvelo2go	4th	5	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Bern	1999 to 2017	Switzerland rolls	Bern rolls	-	-	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
	September 2015	carvelo2go	carvelo2go	19th	22nd	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
	June 2018 (previously: old system since April 2012)	PubliBike	Velo Bern	167	1700
	September 2018	Bond (until 2020 Smide)	Bond ( e-bikes requiring a license )	stationless	65	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Biel	October 2010	velospot	velospot Biel	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Biel	September 2017	carvelo2go	carvelo2go	7th	7th	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Burgdorf	June 2017	carvelo2go	carvelo2go	4th	4th	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Freiburg	July 2018 (previously: old system since April 2010)	PubliBike	PubliBike	25th	200	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Freiburg	k. A.	carvelo2go	carvelo2go	6th	6th	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Geneva	June 2015	velospot	Genève roule / Switzerland rolls	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Geneva	k. A.	carvelo2go	carvelo2go	17th	18th	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
La Chaux-de-Fonds	April 2014	velospot	La Chaux-de-Fonds roule / Switzerland rolls	16	80	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Langenthal	September 2017	carvelo2go	carvelo2go	4th	4th	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Lausanne (+ Morges )	November 2017 (previously: old system since June 2009)	PubliBike	PubliBike	32	300	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Lausanne (+ Morges )	September 2017	carvelo2go	carvelo2go	26th	≥27	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Lugano - Malcantone	December 2017 (previously: old system since July 2010)	PubliBike	PubliBike	38	208	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Lucerne	June 2017	carvelo2go	carvelo2go	9	9	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Lucerne	March 2017	nextbike	Take a bike	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Neuchâtel NE ( Neuchâtel )	July 2013	velospot	Neuchâtel roule / Switzerland rolls	20th	300	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Nyon (+ Divonne-les-Bains and Gland VD )	June 2018 (before: old system since?)	PubliBike	La Cote	13	130	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Romont FR (+ Avenches , Cheyres , Estavayer-le-Lac , Murten and Payerne )	July 2011	PubliBike	PubliBike	10	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Manners	March 2018 (previously: old system since November 2010)	PubliBike	PubliBike	11	55	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
St. Gallen	July 2016	carvelo2go	carvelo2go	7th	7th	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Tuna	August 2014	velospot	velospot Thun	25th	120	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Tuna	May 2018	carvelo2go	carvelo2go	5	5	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Vevey	June 2016	carvelo2go	carvelo2go	3	3	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Vevey	k. A.	velospot	Riviera	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Winterthur	June 2017	carvelo2go	carvelo2go	6th	6th	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Zug (+ Cham and Steinhausen )	May 2018	carvelo2go	carvelo2go	8th	10	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Zurich	Since 1994	Switzerland rolls	Züri rolls	8th	300	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
	October 2016	Bond (until 2020 Smide)	Bond ( e-bikes requiring a license )	stationless	250	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
	June 2017	carvelo2go	carvelo2go	28	≥29	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
	January 2018	LimeBike	LimeBike	stationless	200	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
	April 2018	PubliBike	Züri Velo	122	1500	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW

France

city	Installation	system	Surname	Number of stations	Number of bicycles	image
Aix-en-Provence	2007 May to 2011 May	k. A.	Vhello (closed)	16	k. A.
Avignon	June 2009	Smoove	velopop	20th	220
Bordeaux	February 2010	k. A.	VCUB	174	1700
Dijon	February 2008	k. A.	DiviaVélo	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Dunkirk	September 2013	k. A.	dk'vélo	46	k. A.
Lyon	2005	Cyclocity	vélo'v	349	4000
Marseille	October 2007	Cyclocity	Le vélo	k. A.	k. A.	k. A.
Montpellier	April 2012	Smoove	Vélomagg	52	564
Nantes	k. A.	Cyclocity	Bicloo	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Nice	June 2009	Smoove	Velo bleu	175	1750
Orleans	k. A.	k. A.	Agglo veloplus	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Paris	July 2007 / January 2018	Smoove	Vélib 'metropolis	1202	20,000
Paris	November 2017	Gobee Bike , Ofo , Mobike and OBike (Gobee retired in February 2018)	Gobee Bike, Ofo, Mobike and OBike	stationless	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Perpignan	February 2008	k. A.	Bip!	k. A.	k. A.
Rennes	1998	k. A.	Vélo à la carte	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Strasbourg	2010	k. A.	Vélhop	20th	6000
Toulouse	2007	Cyclocity	VélÔToulouse	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW

Italy

city	Installation	system	Surname	Number of stations	Number of bicycles	image
Milan	k. A.	k. A.	Bikemi	k. A.	k. A.
Meran	October 2019	MOQO	bike sharing merano	4th	60	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Rome	2008	k. A.		k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Vicenza	September 2011 (discontinued)	Smoove	Smoove	2	30th	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW

Poland

city	Installation	system	Surname	Number of stations	Number of bicycles	image
Wroclaw (Wroclaw)	k. A.	nextbike	Wrocław City Bike	k. A.	300
Koszalin	k. A.	nextbike	Koszaliński Rower Miejski	10	100	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Krakow (Kraków)	2008	Wavelo (until 2016: BikeOne or KMK Bike)	Wavelo	162	1500
Międzyzdroje	k. A.	Baltic Bike	Blue Hercules type bicycles ; UsedomRad partner	k. A.	k. A.
Opole	2012	nextbike	nextbike	k. A.	k. A.
Posen (Poznan)	k. A.	k. A.	k. A.	k. A.	80	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Stettin (Szczecin)	2016	nextbike	Green bikes from the operator Szczeciński Rower Miejski (SRM).	33	338
Swinoujscie (Świnoujście)	k. A.	Baltic Bike	Blue Hercules type bicycles ; UsedomRad partner	5	40	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Tychy	2018	nextbike	Silver bicycles under the name Tyski Rower in three versions, for adults, children and as tandem	5	40
Warsaw	2012	nextbike	Veturilo	300	4700

Spain

city	Installation	system	Surname	Number of stations	Number of bicycles	image
Barcelona	March 2007	k. A.	Bicing	420	6000
Burgos	k. A.	k. A.	Bicibur	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Cordoba	k. A.	Cyclocity	Cyclocity	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Gijón	k. A.	Cyclocity		k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Madrid	k. A.	k. A.	BiciMAD	165	2028
Palma	planned	k. A.		k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Pamplona	June 2007	k. A.		k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Zaragoza	k. A.	k. A.	Bizi Zaragoza	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Seville	April 2007	Cyclocity	Servici	250	2500	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Valencia	June 2010	Cyclocity	Valenbisi	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW

Rest of Europe

country	city	Installation	System, description	Surname	Number of stations	Number of bicycles	image
Belgium Belgium	Antwerp	2011-06-09	small, smooth bicycles with a small front wheel and a larger rear wheel; red frame, spoke protection white. Initially there were 80 stations with 1000 bicycles, gradually enlarged. The slogan Slim naar Antwerpen ("Klug zu Antwerpen") is written on the rear spoke cover of the wheels	Bike	342	4200 as of the end of 2019
Belgium Belgium	Brussels	May 2009	Cyclocity	Villo!	360	5000
Denmark Denmark	Aarhus	2005	k. A.	Aarhus Bycykel	k. A.	k. A.
Denmark Denmark	Copenhagen	1995, discontinued 2012; new system since April 2014	k. A.	Bycycles	105	1260 (1860 in the final state)	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Finland Finland	Helsinki	2000 (discontinued in 2010); new system since 2016	Smoove	Bike rental system in Helsinki	150	1500
Greece Greece	Corfu	September 2010	Smoove	easyBike	8th	100	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Ireland Ireland	Dublin	2008	Cyclocity	dublinbikes	101	1500
Latvia Latvia	Riga (+ Jurmala )	k. A.	nextbike	BalticBike	k. A.	140
Luxembourg Luxembourg	Luxembourg	March 2008	k. A.	Vel'oh	54	250	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Netherlands Netherlands	Amsterdam	1999	k. A.	Depo (closed)	k. A.	k. A.
Netherlands Netherlands	Amsterdam	2003	k. A.	OV-fiets	300 (2017)	14,500 (2017)
Netherlands Netherlands	Rotterdam	2009-01	The bikes have a switchable electric motor and are limited to 24 km / h.	Gobike		150 (2009)
Norway Norway	Oslo	k. A.	k. A.	Oslo Bycsykkel	k. A.	k. A.
Norway Norway	Sandnes	1996	k. A.		k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Norway Norway	Trondheim	k. A.	k. A.	Adshel	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Portugal Portugal	Aveiro	2000	k. A.	Moveaveiro	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Portugal Portugal	Torres Vedras	May 2013	k. A.	Agostinhas	11	260
Russia Russia	Moscow	June 2013	Provider: the Moscow State Bank (банк Москвы)		k. A.	k. A.
Sweden Sweden	Gothenburg	2005	k. A.	Styr & ställ	60	1000
Sweden Sweden	Stockholm	2005	City bikes Alvedon	City bikes	140 Sometimes a little more depending on the season	2000
Slovakia Slovakia	Trnava	?	Arboria bike ( freebike )		13		Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Czech Republic Czech Republic	Prague	2005	Arboria bike ( freebike )		more than 150	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Turkey Turkey	Alanya	k. A.	Call a bike	Call a bike	20th	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Hungary Hungary	Budapest	2014	nextbike	MOL BuBi	112	1270
United Kingdom United Kingdom	Bristol	k. A.	k. A.	Hour bike	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
United Kingdom United Kingdom	London	July 2010	Bixi	Santander Cycles	750	11,500
United Kingdom United Kingdom	Slough	2013	Smoove	Cycle Hire	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Cyprus Republic Cyprus	Nicosia	September 2011	Smoove	Bike in action	335	27	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW

Asia and Oceania

country	city	Installation	system	Surname	Number of stations	Number of bicycles	image
Australia Australia	Brisbane	2010	Cyclocity	CityCycle	100	1200	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Australia Australia	Melbourne	May 2010	k. A.	Melbourne Bike Share	52	610
China People's Republic People's Republic of China	Hangzhou	2010	k. A.	k. A.	k. A.	60,000
China People's Republic People's Republic of China	Beijing	2005	Mobike , Bluegogo, Ofo	Bicycle rental system in Beijing	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
China People's Republic People's Republic of China	Shanghai	2008	k. A.		k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Georgia Georgia	Batumi	2013	Smoove	BatumVelo	19th	360	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Israel Israel	Tel Aviv	May 2011	k. A.	Tel-O-Fun	k. A.	k. A.
Japan Japan	Toyama	2010	Cyclocity	Cyclocity	15th	150	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan	Nur-Sultan (until 2019 Astana)	July 2014	Smoove	Astana bike	150	1000	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Oman Oman	Muscat	k. A.	Cyclocity	Cyclocity	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Singapore Singapore	Singapore	1999 (closed in 2002)	k. A.	Vélo à la carte	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Singapore Singapore	Singapore	February 2017	oBike	oBike	stationless	1000	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Taiwan Taiwan	Taoyuan	2016	k. A.	YouBike	k. A.	k. A.
Turkey Turkey (Asian part)	Konya	k. A.	nextbike	nextbike	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates	Dubai	k. A.	nextbike	nextbike	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW

America

country	City! city	Installation	system	Surname	Number of stations	Number of bicycles	image
Brazil Brazil	Rio de Janeiro	k. A.	k. A.	BikeRio	60	600
Brazil Brazil	São Paulo	2012	k. A.	BikeSampa	240	2000	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Canada Canada	Montreal	May 2009	Bixi	Bixi Montreal	411 (2012)	5120 (2012)
Canada Canada	Ottawa (+ Gatineau )	June 2009 to July 2015	Bixi	Capital Bixi	25th	250	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Canada Canada	Ottawa (+ Gatineau )	July 2015	CycleHop	VeloGO	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Mexico Mexico	Guadalajara	2014	k. A.	MiBici	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
Mexico Mexico	Mexico city	2010	k. A.	Ecobici	k. A.	k. A.
Mexico Mexico	Zapopan	2015	k. A.	MiBici	k. A.	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
United States United States	Miami Beach	2011	DECOBIKE	DECOBIKE	147	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
United States United States	Portland, Oregon	2008	BIKETOWN	BIKETOWN	100	k. A.	Image wanted Wikipedia would like a picture of the place discussed here. Further information on the subject you may find on the talk page . If you'd like to help, the guide explains how to do it. BW
United States United States	Seattle	October 2014 - March 2017	Pronto Cycle Share	Motivate	54	500
United States United States	Washington	2010	Bixi	Capital bike share	437	1500

Web links

Commons : Bike Rentals - Collection of Images

The Bike Sharing World Map
Bike sharing Blog (English)
National cycling plan : Public bike rental systems (national and international developments)
Switzerland (admin.ch): Map of bike sharing and bike rental systems

Individual evidence

↑ Press release from the Berlin district of Lichtenberg from August 24, 2018: "fLotte - kommunal": Free cargo bikes in municipal facilities .

↑ Global increase in public , accessed on February 27, 2020.

↑ adshel ( Memento of October 21, 2006 in the Internet Archive )

↑ jcdecaux.com: Cyclocity

↑ smoove.fr Montpellier , Avignon , Valence , Saint-Étienne , Batumi ( Georgia ), Nicosia ( Republic of Cyprus ), Corfu ( Greece )

↑ stroer.de: Fahrradmietsystem / Call a Bike ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )

↑ Web site Bincincitta ( Memento of 14 September 2010 at the Internet Archive )

↑ LIDL bike. The smart bike sharing in Berlin. Deutsche Bahn Connect , 2018, accessed on September 14, 2018 .

↑ Bike rental in Berlin. Simply rent a bike - anywhere! Nextbike , 2018, accessed September 14, 2018 .

↑ Fewer rental bikes on Berlin's streets . In: Berliner Zeitung , July 16, 2018, p. 15.

↑ The first Vienna oBike test | Bicycle Vienna. Retrieved on November 16, 2017 (German).

↑ Bike sharing provider Ofo is significantly increasing its fleet in Vienna . In: The press . ( diepresse.com [accessed November 16, 2017]).

↑ Felix Lee: Booming rental bike market in China: The annoying discovery of the bike . In: The daily newspaper: taz . May 14, 2017, ISSN 0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed November 16, 2017]).

↑ Peter Neumann: Bicycles are the most powerful weapon we have . In: Berliner Zeitung , February 27, 2018, p. 11.

↑ Uber relies on e-bikes instead of cars In: tagesanzeiger.ch , August 27, 2018, accessed on August 30, 2018.

↑ Upperbike homepage , accessed on July 8, 2019.

↑ Seen on June 1, 2018 in a Toom hardware store.

↑ ^a ^b Le Monde: L'entreprise de vélos en libre-service Gobee.bike contrainte d'arrêter ses activités en France , February 25, 2018, accessed on February 27, 2018 (French).

↑ Chinese start-up loses more than 200,000 bicycles in one year. In: stern.de. Stern , January 3, 2020, accessed May 2, 2020 .

^ Economist.com: Advertisers fight billboard bans , October 11, 2007.

↑ welt-online: Public rental bicycles are coming to Hamburg , October 10, 2007.

^ Bike-BIZ: Dublin's Velib-scheme comes under fire ( Memento of December 13, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), October 9, 2007.

↑ elPeriodico.cat: La gestió del Bicing enfronta dos Gegants multinacionals ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , July 1, 2007.@1@ 2

↑ Spring scooter: criticism of new rental bike providers . In: profil.at . September 14, 2017 ( profil.at [accessed November 30, 2017]).

↑ www.heuta.at, Today: Rental bike chaos from China could also threaten Vienna . In: heute.at . ( heute.at [accessed November 30, 2017]).

↑ ^a ^b Martin Nejezchleba, Alexander Dinger: far left are calling for damage to rental bikes. September 6, 2019, accessed September 16, 2019 .

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d National Cycling Plan , accessed on June 23, 2018.

^ ^A ^b Peter Neumann: Berlin - the capital of rental vehicles. In: Berliner Zeitung . July 8, 2019, p. 13.

↑ Senate sees space for thousands more rental bikes. Berlin.de, accessed on June 9, 2020 .

↑ ^a ^b Torsten Müller: Fleet of cargo bikes. In: Berliner Zeitung . November 19, 2019, p. 15 (print edition).

^ City of Aachen, Electromobility, Velocity Aachen. Retrieved August 2, 2019 .

↑ Velocity. Retrieved August 2, 2019 .

↑ Aachener Nachrichten: Rothe Erde station off the network: Velocity stations again affected by vandalism. Retrieved August 2, 2019 .

↑ ^a ^b ^c The new way of renting bikes - Amrum Bike Sharing. Retrieved February 13, 2020 .

↑ New bike sharing system in Berlin , accessed on May 5, 2019.

↑ Through the city on a rental bike - the big test for Berlin (Nextbike, Lidl Bike and Donkey Republic) , accessed on May 5, 2019.

↑ Donkey Republic in Berlin , accessed on May 5, 2019.

↑ Nextbike bike rental system in Berlin , accessed on May 10, 2019.

↑ estimated from the map , as of May 2019.

↑ morgenpost.de

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Existing initiatives for free cargo bikes

↑ flotte-berlin.de: Berlin

↑ Cargo bikes are at the start . In: Berliner Zeitung , November 7, 2019, p. 10.

↑ ^a ^b Bicycle sharing: LimeBike rents out e-bikes in Berlin In: welt.de , April 9, 2018, accessed on April 10, 2018.

↑ Andreas Donath: US driving service: Uber starts e-bike rental in Berlin. In: golem.de . November 28, 2018, accessed March 14, 2019 .

↑ Julia Springmann: New Uber offer in Berlin: Uber starts e-bike sharing in Berlin. In: taz.de . May 9, 2019, accessed May 9, 2019 .

↑ metropolradruhr 425 new rental bikes for Bochum. In: Westdeutsche Allgemeine Zeitung. October 4, 2019, accessed May 10, 2020 .

↑ This is how the Nextbike bikes are collected again. In: general-anzeiger-bonn.de. Retrieved January 15, 2019 .

↑ Philipp Königs: Number in Bonn rises to 900 - Nextbike delivers the last rental bikes. In: www.general-anzeiger-bonn.de. February 20, 2019, accessed May 25, 2019 .

↑ US company starts bike rental in Bremen ( Memento from March 16, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) In: butenunbinnen.de , March 11, 2018, accessed on April 10, 2018.

↑ ^a ^b Weser Kurier becomes a bicycle rental company. In: The daily newspaper . 2018, accessed June 8, 2020 .

↑ ^a ^b ^c page of the Asta Marburg: Register for the Call-a-Bike bike rental ( Memento from May 8, 2014 in the Internet Archive )

↑ ^a ^b ^c Berlin start-up Byke started in Frankfurt, Langen and Dreieich . In: top-magazin-frankfurt.de, on October 16, 2017, accessed on October 21, 2017.

↑ SZ-Bike website , accessed on May 5, 2019.

↑ DVB rental bicycles , accessed on May 5, 2019.

↑ Call-a-Bike in Düsseldorf .

↑ Rental bikes - The situation in Düsseldorf ( Memento of the original from January 27, 2019 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ A new rental bike provider in Düsseldorf. In: rp-online.de. July 27, 2018, accessed July 29, 2018 .
↑ Nextbike rental bike park in Duisburg is growing .
↑ Hamburg steps on the pedals - bike rental «Stadtrad» is growing ( page can no longer be accessed , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: wetter.com, October 19, 2017, accessed October 21, 2017.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.wetter.com

^ Karlsruhe.de: Karlsruhe cycles Nextbike

↑ lastenkarle.de: Lastenkarle - Welcome to the website of the cargo bike initiative Karlsruhe.

↑ konrad-kassel.de/: Kassel

↑ Free cargo bikes in Cologne: kasimir-lastenrad.de

↑ KVB launches rental bike offer. (No longer available online.) Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe, May 8, 2015, archived from the original on May 17, 2015 ; Retrieved May 17, 2015 .

↑ Expansion of KVB-Rad to all of Cologne: Kölnische Rundschau: kr.de

↑ FordPass Bike starts in Cologne: presseportal.de

↑ New provider in Cologne: stadt-koeln.de

↑ TINK.bike: Tink Bikes in Constance

↑ KONRad Stadtwerke Konstanz: stadtwerke-konstanz.de

↑ nextbike launches new bike model In: nextbike.de, September 14, 2018, accessed on September 17, 2018.

↑ kolara.wordpress.com: Leipzig

↑ MVG bicycle rental system "MeinRad": Positive notification from Berlin received, press release of October 15, 2009

↑ A Metropol bike in Mülheim only moved 14 times in a year

↑ ^a ^b ^c Regulations for rental bicycles Information from the city administration on the provider Byke

↑ Picture of a Byke from Mülheim ad R. , accessed on May 11, 2020.

↑ mvg.de: Munich

↑ zughalt.de from April 27, 2017

↑ freie-lastenradler.de: Munich

↑ nextbike.de: Nextbike in Norderstedt

↑ Norisbike in Nuremberg ( Memento of the original dated February 2, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Cargo bike for everyone in Nuremberg
↑ VAG_Rad in Nuremberg
↑ New flex zone and 1,500 bikes on vagrad.de, June 9, 2020, accessed on June 10, 2020
↑ New flex zone and 1,500 bikes on vagrad.de, June 9, 2020, accessed on June 10, 2020
^ Nextbike in Offenburg
↑ There and away with elros ( Memento from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
↑ pironex GmbH
↑ ^a ^b page of the Asta of the Rhein-Main University of Applied Sciences on Call-a-Bike ( Memento from March 23, 2014 in the Internet Archive )
↑ Your own bike sharing - simple, safe, efficient. Retrieved March 4, 2020 .
↑ Bike rental JOJO e-bike. Retrieved March 4, 2020 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bicycle and e-bike rental system on the island of Usedom , accessed on June 23, 2018.
↑ Free cargo bike Würzburg
↑ Stadtrad Innsbruck ( Memento of the original from April 14, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ NextBike: New location at the exhibition center . In: 5min.at, on October 17, 2017, accessed on October 21, 2017.
↑ Anniversary year 2018: Citybike Wien celebrates its 15th anniversary ( Memento from April 10, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) In: gewista.at , February 5, 2018, accessed on April 10, 2018.
↑ lastenradkollektiv.at: Vienna
↑ Rental bikes: Ofo already gone, oBikes still there. In: orf.at. July 30, 2018, accessed August 2, 2018 .
↑ Homepage Donkey Bike
↑ Donkey Bike in Vienna
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q carvelo2go.ch
↑ pickebike.ch
↑ derbund.ch
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e schweizrollt.ch
↑ ^a ^b bond.info
↑ SMIDE is now called BOND In: bern.ch, April 17, 2020, accessed on May 24, 2020.
↑ velospot.ch: Velospot in Biel
↑ velospot.ch: Thun
^ Vevey: Riviera
↑ “Züri rollt ” also in 2019 In: Lokalinfo.ch, December 28, 2018, accessed on January 1, 2019.

↑ stadt-zuerich.ch: Zurich

↑ ^a ^b Florian Schoop and Fabian Baumgartner: New bike-sharing company is coming to Zurich - the competition is getting tougher ( memento from September 29, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) In: nzz.ch, December 11, 2017, accessed on 11. December 2017.

↑ Corsin Zander: Whoever destroys the rental bikes in Zurich In: tagesanzeiger.ch , January 8, 2018, accessed on January 16, 2018.

↑ Publibike: Fewer bikes and stations In: Lokalinfo.ch, July 30, 2019, accessed on September 1, 2019.

↑ vhell.fr: Aix-en-Provence ( Memento of the original from November 23, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ velodi.net: Dijon
↑ ^a ^b dk-velo.fr
↑ velov.grandlyon.com: Lyon
↑ montpellier-agglo.com: Marseille ( Memento of August 30, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
↑ tam-voyages.com
↑ bicloo.nantesmetropole.fr: Nantes
↑ velobleu.org: Nice
↑ agglo-veloplus.fr: Orléans
↑ bip-perpignan.fr: Perpignan
↑ clearchannel.fr: Rennes ( Memento of the original from July 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
^ Strasbourg
↑ velo.toulouse.fr: Toulouse
↑ Bikemei in Milan
↑ Pilot project bike sharing started in Merano. In: Südtirol News. Retrieved January 19, 2020 (German).
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d bike sharing. Retrieved January 19, 2020 (Austrian German).
↑ roma-n-bike.it: Rome ( memento of the original from June 25, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Venezia ( Memento of the original from October 19, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: smoove-bike.com, accessed on October 18, 2017. @1@ 2

↑ nextbike (Wroslawski Rower Miejski)

↑ k. A. City Bike in Wroclaw , accessed June 22, 2018.

↑ Nextbike (Koszaliński Rower Miejski) ( Memento of the original from June 22, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Wavelo. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on August 2, 2019 ; accessed on August 2, 2019 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Bikeone in Krakow ( Memento of the original from September 22, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Baltic Bike in Międzyzdroje ( Memento of the original from July 17, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Nextbike in Poland
↑ Homepage of the Szczecin bike rental company, daughter of Nextbike
↑ Description of Bike_S in German with details of the stations , accessed on July 17, 2018.
↑ Homepage Baltic Bike ( memento of the original from July 17, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed July 17, 2018. @1@ 2

↑ Description of Bike_S in German with details of the stations , accessed on July 17, 2018.

↑ veturilo.waw.pl: Warsaw

↑ bicibur.es: Burgos

↑ ayuncordoba.es: Cordoba ( Memento of the original from September 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ gijon.es: Gijón ( Memento of the original from September 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ bicimad.com: bicimad.com
↑ tcmenginy.es: Palma de Mallorca ( Memento of the original from July 27, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ c-cycles.es: Pamplona
↑ bizizaragoza.com: Zaragoza
↑ servici.es: Seville
↑ sevilla.org: Seville 2007 trial run, 2500 bikes at 250 stations in 2008
↑ valenbisi.es
↑ About Velo
↑ velo-antwerpen.be
↑ Bruxelles - Villo! In: villo.be. Retrieved April 11, 2013 .
↑ aarhusbycykel.dk: Aarhus
↑ the city bike and Copenhagen ( Memento from December 20, 2008 in the Internet Archive )
↑ Copenhagen ( Memento from August 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
↑ Velophil (blog): New rental bike system for Copenhagen controversial, 9-2013
↑ Byogpendlercyclen, website of the system, (in English archive link ( Memento of the original from April 24, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. ) @1@ 2

↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from April 1, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ ^a ^b Press release Bicyclen September 2, 2015, English: Significant increase in the use of bycyklen in July and August 2015 ( Memento of the original from September 7, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ EasyBike in Corfu
↑ dublinbikes.ie: Dublin
↑ balticbike.com Riga and Jurmala
↑ de.veloh.lu: Luxembourg
↑ depo.nl ( Memento from February 9, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
↑ Info on Gobike in Rotterdam , accessed on October 8, 2019.
↑ adshel.no: Oslo ( Memento of the original dated August 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ oslobycsykkel.no: Oslo ( Memento of the original from August 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ sandnes.kommune.no: Sandnes ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2
↑ adshel.no: Trondheim ( Memento of the original from July 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ moveaveiro.pt: Aveiro ( Memento of the original from July 2, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ World's newest bike share scheme is named after Tour de France rider on bikebiz.com ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ elperiodico.cat: Moscow ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. velobike.ru: velobike.ru@1@ 2
↑ På cykel i Lundby ( Memento from August 5, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
↑ citybikes.se: Stockholm
↑ Mapa staníc (the bicycle symbols are rental stations). Retrieved July 23, 2019 .
↑ List of freebike stations in Prague. Retrieved July 23, 2019 .
↑ Alanya.bel.tr: Alanya ( Memento of the original from November 4, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ Nextbike in Budapest
↑ hourbike.com: Bristol ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.hourbike.com
↑ bbc.com: bbc.com
↑ Brisbane rental system
↑ Bikeshare in Melbourne
↑ Felix Lee: Booming rental bike market in China: The annoying discovery of the bike . In: The daily newspaper . May 14, 2017 ( taz.de [accessed November 16, 2017]).
↑ shmetro.com: Shanghai ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.shmetro.com
↑ tel-o-fun.co.il
↑ en.cyclocity.jp
↑ Astana bike: rental system in Kazakhstan Bike sharing system Astana bike opened in Capitalg
↑ JCDecaux launches its operations in Oman through a 20-year street furniture contract with Muscat Municipality / 2012 / Press Releases / Newsroom / Home - JCDecaux. In: jcdecaux.com. Retrieved April 11, 2013 .
↑ clearchannel.fr: Singapore ( Memento of the original from July 20, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. click on the link "Etranger" on the left @1@ 2

↑ townbike.com.sg: Singapore ( Memento of the original from May 25, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ tycg.youbike.com.tw
↑ nextbike.com Konya ( memento of the original from September 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
^ Bicycle rental in the Middle East - BYKYstations Dubai. In: bykystations.com. Retrieved April 11, 2013 .
↑ Bike Rio: Rio de Janeiro ( Memento of the original from November 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
↑ bixi.com: Bixi in Montreal
^ Ottawa (Bixi) in the web archive
↑ CycleHop in Ottawa ( Memento of the original from September 24, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / velogo.ca
↑ ^a ^b Mibici in Mexico
↑ Decobike in the USA
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d US bike share systems ranked by size
↑ Biketown in Portland
↑ seattletimes.com
↑ Pronto Cycle Share archive link ( memento of the original from September 3, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

[Lastenrad-1] Press release from the Berlin district of Lichtenberg from August 24, 2018: "fLotte - kommunal": Free cargo bikes in municipal facilities .

[2] Global increase in public , accessed on February 27, 2020.

[3] shel ( Memento of October 21, 2006 in the Internet Archive )

[4] ux.com: Cyclocity

[5] smoove.fr Montpellier , Avignon , Valence , Saint-Étienne , Batumi ( Georgia ), Nicosia ( Republic of Cyprus ), Corfu ( Greece )

[6] stroer.de: Fahrradmietsystem / Call a Bike ( Memento from September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )

[7] Web site Bincincitta ( Memento of 14 September 2010 at the Internet Archive )

[8] LIDL bike. The smart bike sharing in Berlin. Deutsche Bahn Connect , 2018, accessed on September 14, 2018 .

[9] Bike rental in Berlin. Simply rent a bike - anywhere! Nextbike , 2018, accessed September 14, 2018 .

[10] Fewer rental bikes on Berlin's streets . In: Berliner Zeitung , July 16, 2018, p. 15.

[11] The first Vienna oBike test | Bicycle Vienna. Retrieved on November 16, 2017 (German).

[12] Bike sharing provider Ofo is significantly increasing its fleet in Vienna . In: The press . ( diepresse.com [accessed November 16, 2017]).

[13] Felix Lee: Booming rental bike market in China: The annoying discovery of the bike . In: The daily newspaper: taz . May 14, 2017, ISSN 0931-9085 ( taz.de [accessed November 16, 2017]).

[14] Peter Neumann: Bicycles are the most powerful weapon we have . In: Berliner Zeitung , February 27, 2018, p. 11.

[15] Uber relies on e-bikes instead of cars In: tagesanzeiger.ch , August 27, 2018, accessed on August 30, 2018.

[16] Upperbike homepage , accessed on July 8, 2019.

[17] Seen on June 1, 2018 in a Toom hardware store.

[gobee-18] Le Monde: L'entreprise de vélos en libre-service Gobee.bike contrainte d'arrêter ses activités en France , February 25, 2018, accessed on February 27, 2018 (French).

[19] Chinese start-up loses more than 200,000 bicycles in one year. In: stern.de. Stern , January 3, 2020, accessed May 2, 2020 .

[20] Economist.com: Advertisers fight billboard bans , October 11, 2007.

[21] welt-online: Public rental bicycles are coming to Hamburg , October 10, 2007.

[22] Bike-BIZ: Dublin's Velib-scheme comes under fire ( Memento of December 13, 2007 in the Internet Archive ), October 9, 2007.