St. Gallen

This article deals with the city in Switzerland, for other meanings see St. Gallen (disambiguation) .

St. Gallen
State :	Switzerland
Canton :	Canton of St. Gallen (SG)
Constituency :	St. Gallen
BFS no. :	3203
Postal code :	9000-9029
UN / LOCODE :	CH QGL
Coordinates :	746 284  /  254335 coordinates: 47 ° 25 '25 "  N , 9 ° 22' 39"  O ; CH1903:  746,284  /  254335
Height :	674  m above sea level M.
Height range :	496-1074 m above sea level M.
Area :	39.38  km²
Residents:	75,833 (December 31, 2018)
Population density :	1926 inhabitants per km²
Proportion of foreigners : (residents without citizenship )	28.3% (December 31, 2,011)
City President :	Thomas Scheitlin ( FDP )
Website:	www.stadt.sg.ch
Aerial view of St. Gallen
Location of the municipality

Aerial photograph by Walter Mittelholzer (1919)

The collegiate church is the landmark of the city of St. Gallen.

St. Gallen old town in the monastery district

Multergasse

St. Gallen from Drei Weieren

The city of St. Gallen ( Swiss German Sanggale , French Saint Gall , Italian San Gallo , Romansh Sogn Gagl ^{? / I} ) is a political municipality and the eponymous capital of the eastern Swiss canton of St. Gallen . St. Gallen has around 80,000 inhabitants and is around 700  m above sea level. M. one of the higher-lying cities in Switzerland . St. Gallen lies on the Steinach , a river that flows into Lake Constance and has also been divided by the Sittertobel since the city was expanded in 1918 . The origins of the city of St. Gallen go back to the 7th century. It emerged as a settlement around the St. Gallen monastery, founded around 720 on the area of ​​a hermitage, and grew into a town in the 10th century; In 1180 it became an imperial city .

Today St. Gallen acts as the cultural and economic center of Eastern Switzerland , the city is considered to be the Eastern Swiss metropolis . It lies on the main transport routes ( Munich -) St.Margrethen - Rorschach -St. Gallen– Winterthur - Zurich and ( Constance -) Romanshorn –St. Gallen - Rapperswil - Lucerne and is considered the gateway to the Appenzellerland . The city is of great tourist interest due to the collegiate church and the collegiate library , which have been included in the UNESCO list of world cultural heritage . St. Gallen is also known for its embroidery . These can be seen today in the St. Gallen Textile Museum , which is dedicated to the history of the textile industry in Eastern Switzerland. In addition to the highest cantonal authorities, the University of St. Gallen and the Federal Administrative Court (BVGer) are also based in the city.

St. Gallen takes its name from the wandering monk Gallus , which is why it is also called Gallusstadt .

geography

In addition to the old township (free imperial city and republic of St. Gallen until 1798) and the former monastery district of the prince abbot, St. Gallen consists of the original villages and hamlets of Bruggen , Hafnersberg, Heiligkreuz , Kräzern, Krontal, Lachen , Neudorf , Notkersegg , Riethüsli , Rotmonten , St. Fiden , St. Georgen , Sittertal, Tablat and Winkeln . These hamlets and villages used to belong to the then independent municipalities of Straubenzell and Tablat and were incorporated into the city in 1918 (→  city ​​amalgamation ).

University of St. Gallen

The main part of the urban settlement lies in a wide valley between two parallel hills, the Rosenberg with Rotmonten in the north and the Freudenberg in the south. The valley lies on a south-west-north-east axis, but colloquially it is called a west-east axis. The valley is limited in the southwest by the deeply cut Sitter Gorge, in the northeast the Steinach flows out of the city towards Lake Constance . The historic city center lies on the upper reaches of the Steinach, where Gallus built his hermitage. Except in the St. Georgen district, in the Mühlenenschlucht and in the very north-east of the city, nothing can be seen of the water, because it is conducted in an underground canal to the outskirts. From Freudenberg, which offers a local recreation area with the Drei Weieren , you can see a large part of Lake Constance, Thurgau and southern Germany when the visibility is favorable.

Outside the settlement areas, the urban area comprises a large part of the surrounding hilly landscape. To the west of the Sittertobel is Winkel on the watershed between the catchment area of ​​the Sitter and that of the Glatt . In the center of Winkeln lies the Bildweier and below Sturzenegg the Gübsensee , which was created as a reservoir for the Kubel power plant . To the north of Winkeln, the city limits follow the Wisenbach to the Sitter. In the northwest, the border runs under the steep mountain slope with the Sitterwald and the Hätterenwald over four kilometers in the river bed of the Sitter to the hamlet of Joosrüti. In the north, the city limits cross the range of hills from Chatzenstrebel to the Peter and Paul wildlife park and down to the Galgentobel on the Steinach and from there over the Höchst hill to the Goldachtobel below the hamlet of Paradies. The steep western slope of the Goldach and Martinstobel below the Rappenstein castle is in the city. At Neudorf, the Martinsbrugg leads over the narrow gorge. In the east, the Bernhardsbach delimits the urban area from the Vögelinsegg down to the Goldach. In the south belongs the northern mountain slope below the ridge, which stretches from the Vögelinsegg over the Horst to the Kunzenegg, with the source streams of the Steinach to St. Gallen. In the Weiertal east of St. Georgen is the artificially created little pond . From the Kunzenegg, the city and canton boundaries follow the five-kilometer course of the Wattbach up to its confluence with the Sitter near Zweibruggen and near the Haggenbrücke .

The Haggenbrücke in the south of the city

Because of the city's special topography, St. Gallen is also known as the city of the “thousand stairs”, as many stairs lead up both the Freudenberg and Rosenberg. The city is also known as "The City in the Green Ring", as extensive forest areas on the hills in front of the city still serve as recreational areas. The highest point in the city is 1074  m above sea level. M. at the southeast border of the city (west of Speicher ), the lowest point at 496  m above sea level. M. in the Goldachtobel.

geology

St. Gallen is located in the area of ​​the flat Mediterranean Molasse . Large parts of the city are located on unstable peat soil with a large proportion of groundwater. Many buildings in the city center (including the train station and the main post office) were therefore built on stakes made of oak .

The range of hills southwest of the city is one of the foothills of the Alpstein . The so-called erect molasse is characterized by clear mountain ridges. However, the hills to the northeast belong to the Lake Constance basin. As flat molasses, they form plateaus. Where hard rock is exposed (e.g. in the Sittertobel), it consists mainly of Nagelfluh , sandstone or marl .

climate

St. Gallen is located in the temperate climate zone with predominantly changeable westerly winds. Since the hills of the city are the first elevations for cloud formations from west to northeast, there are often days of congestion or snowfall. The clouds accumulate, especially in the Alpstein Mountains, and precipitation occurs. With north or north-east wind there is Bisenlage in Gallusstadt , so it gets very cold. This is usually associated with high fog , as the cold, moist air masses settle on the ground, while the weather is nice in higher regions (→  temperature inversion ). The large amount of water in Lake Constance also supports the formation of fog, especially in autumn and winter (→  Lake Constance climate ).

In summer, the weather is characterized by frequent and long-lasting precipitation, especially strong evening thunderstorms . In the case of high fog, which often occurs especially in autumn, the city can be more or less affected. Due to its high altitude, there are days when it comes to lie just above the fog layer (at least the higher altitudes), on other days it dissolves in the course of the day, sometimes it remains gray for days. At Südföhn , however, it is sunny and warm. With the help of a hair dryer, the temperature can rise 10 ° C and more in a few hours, although the city is not in the main area of ​​influence of the south wind. In winter, the precipitation falls as snow, which can remain in the shade until April.

The annual mean temperature is 8.3 ° C, with the coldest monthly temperatures in January at −0.3 ° C and the warmest monthly mean temperatures in July at 17.2 ° C. On average, around 93 frost days and 35 ice days are to be expected here. There are around 19 summer days on average, while 0.8 hot days are normally recorded. The average rainfall is 1,324 mm, with most of it falling in summer. The MeteoSwiss weather station is located at an altitude of 776  m above sea level. M. near Notkersegg, especially in the case of inversion or high fog, it is cooler and / or more humid in the approx. 100 m deeper city basin.

St. Gallen, 1981-2010
Climate diagram
J F. M. A. M. J J A. S. O N D.     59   3 -3     57   3 -3     84   7th 1     100   12 4th     143   16 8th     153   19th 11     172   22nd 13     164   21st 13     135   17th 10     89   12 6th     88   7th 1     80   4th -2 Temperature in ° C ,  precipitation in mm Source:

Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for St. Gallen, 1981–2010 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Max. Temperature ( ° C ) 2.5 3.3 7.3 11.5 16.3 19.2 21.6 20.9 16.8 12.3 6.5 3.5 O 11.9 Min. Temperature (° C) −3.0 −2.5 0.6 3.5 7.8 11.0 13.1 13.0 9.7 6.2 1.0 −1.9 O 4.9 Temperature (° C) −0.3 0.4 3.9 7.4 12.0 15.0 17.2 16.8 13.1 9.1 3.7 0.8 O 8.3 Precipitation ( mm ) 59 57 84 100 143 153 172 164 135 89 88 80 Σ 1,324 Hours of sunshine ( h / d ) 1.9 2.8 3.9 5.1 5.7 6.1 7.1 6.4 4.8 3.2 2.0 1.4 O 4.2 Rainy days ( d ) 10.4 9.1 12.6 11.8 13.7 13.8 13.8 12.9 11.5 9.8 10.5 11.5 Σ 141.4 Humidity ( % ) 80 77 73 71 72 73 72 75 79 81 82 81 O 76.3 Source:

Map of the city of St. Gallen with statistical quarters and city districts in different colors.

Quarters based on the areas represented by the neighborhood associations according to the Office for Social Issues, St. Gallen.

City structure

Today the city is divided into three districts ( west, center and east ), which in turn are divided into neighborhood groups and quarters. The circles go back to the city amalgamation of 1918. The West District largely encompasses the area of ​​the former municipality of Straubenzell, the District Centrum that of the former city of St. Gallen and the East District the area of ​​the former municipality of Tablat. Exceptions are St. Georgen, which for the most part belonged to the Tablat community, and the western parts of the Riethüsli, which were part of Straubenzell; these areas were added to the Kreis Centrum. The districts were divided into 31 statistical quarters for the first time in 1966. In 1996 an intermediate level was introduced and the statistical districts were grouped into 14 district groups. This classification is used in the statistics portal of the city of St.Gallen for evaluations of the building and apartment statistics (GWS) as well as the population statistics.

The statistical districts and district groups sometimes do not correspond to the perception of the residents, as some areas (such as the Schoren in the Lachen district group, Dreilinden in the Südostquartier district group ) are assigned to a district group that is topographically or technically separate from it. This difference is expressed in the delimitation of the 18 quarters represented by the St. Gallen district associations, which are presented in a publication by the Office for Social Issues of the City of St. Gallen and which represent the district boundaries relevant to the residents in everyday life. The neighborhoods have no political rights.

circle	Neighborhood group	BFS code	Residents at the end of 2015	Statistical quarters
West district The city district west extends from Lachen, Schoren and Haggen to Winkeln and into Grundmoos .	Angles	3203011	04,162	101 Hafnersberg 102 Breitfeld - Grundmoos 103 North corners - Industry 104 South corners 105 Gübsensee 106 Chräzeren 107 Altenwegen
	Bruggen	3203012	12,267	108 Sittertobel 109 Bruggen - Zürcherstrasse 110 Boppartshof - Hinterberg 111 Haggen - Oberstrasse - Langweid 112 Moos - Waldacker - Lerchenfeld
	Laugh	3203013	06,859	113 Vonwil - Lachen - Schoren
District center The center stretches from Rosenberg into the city center to St. Georgen or Riethüsli .	Rosenberg	3203021	04,044	201 Hölzli - Joosrüti 202 Rosenberg - Kreuzbleiche
	Riethüsli	3203022	04,207	203 Riethüsli
	St. Georgen	3203023	05,028	204 St. Georgen - Bernegg 209 St. Georgen - Bach 210 Stuelegg - Rüti
	Downtown	3203024	02,475	205 St. Leonhard-Ost 206 Old Town
	Northeast Quarter	3203025	03,192	207 St. Jacob
	Southeast quarter	3203026	04,317	208 Linsebühl - Dreilinden
East district The urban district east begins at St. Fiden and extends in the direction of Rotmonten as well as Notkersegg and Neudorf .	Rotmonten	3203031	02,594	301 Rotmonten
	Langgass – Heiligkreuz	3203032	07,580	302 Langgass - Heiligkreuz
	St. Fiden	3203033	07,962	303 St. Fiden - Krontal
	Notkersegg	3203034	01,655	304 Notkersegg 305 Kurzegg - Rank 306 Hub - Schaugentobel
	Neudorf	3203035	08'460	307 Achslen - Wilen 308 Stephanshorn - Zil - Kesselhalden

The following communities border the area of ​​the city of St. Gallen: Gossau in the west, Gaiserwald and Wittenbach in the north, in the east Mörschwil , Untereggen and Eggersriet . In the south the city borders on the canton of Appenzell Ausserrhoden with the municipalities of Herisau , Stein , Teufen and Speicher .

history

→ Main article : History of the city of St. Gallen

The founding legend of Saint Gall is dated to the year 612 AD. The founding of the Abbey of St. Gallen is documented by Otmar in 719 . There is also another legend about the reburial of Otmar, who was condemned by the neighboring bishop. In 1180 St. Gallen became an imperial city . In 1291 Abbot Wilhelm von Montfort granted the town's burgers the rights laid down in a "handful". In 1319 a federation was founded with the cities of Lindau and Überlingen , which was expanded into the Lake Constance region in the course of the following centuries. In 1349 the plague broke out in the city . The Appenzell and the Schwyz signed a land law in 1403 in order to lead the fight for freedom against the prince abbot. It was only King Ruprecht who declared the Lake Constance Federation dissolved. On June 23, 1454, the St. Gallers swore to join the Swiss Confederation, for which they had to pay the abbot a transfer fee in 1457.

The Reformation adopted by the city led to a long-standing dispute between the citizens / city and the prince abbot in the monastery courtyard, who owned the entire, now Catholic, surrounding area. This dispute was only settled after the canton was founded . Also in the Thirty Years' War there was another plague in 1629 and 1635. You succumbed to 2420 or 1000 people, i.e. over a fifth of the city's population. In the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, both St. Gallen were given formal and final independence from the German Empire. In the 19th century there were deep sectarian rifts between the city and the suburbs.

In 1798 the Helvetic Republic brought new cantons to Switzerland. The areas of the prince abbey, the city of St. Gallen and also Appenzell were combined to form the canton of Säntis , and in 1803 the ring canton of St. Gallen was formed. The abbot had fled to Vienna with a large part of the monastic property . The Catholic denomination part of the canton of St. Gallen , which was then formed for 113 parishes, was founded in 1847 as an organization for all Catholics in the canton and took over ownership of the monastery building and the religious objects of the monastery. The Catholic denomination is still z. B. responsible for the financing of the clergy in the canton and for the supervision of the Catholic secondary school .

The economic boom in the city of St. Gallen began as early as the Reformation with the boom in the textile industry in eastern Switzerland . Around 1810 and after 1922 there were major crises in the textile industry. In 1816, as a result of a textile crisis, a famine broke out that claimed around two thousand victims. After the 1930s and the Great Depression , which hit St. Gallen embroidery hard, 13,000 residents emigrated.

In 1852 the city and canton decided to co-finance the railway line from Zurich via Wil to St. Gallen and on to Rorschach, which was completed four years later. The electric tram was inaugurated in 1897 . In addition to the St. Gallen peak, banks and insurance companies contributed to the further upswing. Today St. Gallen is the economic and cultural center of Eastern Switzerland and the Alpine Rhine . A special feature from history are the three civil rights that still exist today : St. Gallen, Tablat SG and Straubenzell .

In 2015, St. Gallen was awarded the honorary title of “ Reformation City of Europe ” by the Community of Evangelical Churches in Europe .

population

Citizenship of the registered foreigners in St. Gallen at the end of 2011

nationality	Number of inhabitants
Germany	5'118
Serbia and Montenegro	3,231
Italy	2,587
Bosnia and Herzegovina	1,093
Austria	0 '952
Portugal	0 '870
North Macedonia	0 '787
Turkey	0 '780
Spain	0 '585
Croatia	0 '530
Rest of Europe	1,621
Asia , Middle East	1,382
Africa	0 '669
America	0 '448
others / stateless	0'031
Total	20,6840

Officially, 78,784 inhabitants live in the city (as of May 2014). 20,684 of the residents registered in St. Gallen do not have a Swiss passport. The largest immigrant group comes from Germany, followed by people from Serbia and Montenegro and Italy . As of December 31, 2011, the proportion of foreigners was 28.3 percent.

A little more than 165,000 people currently live in the agglomeration of St. Gallen. The agglomeration includes e.g. B. the neighboring communities of Gossau and Herisau .

languages

The official and lingua franca of German , which is spoken predominantly as St. Gallen German in everyday life , use 85.0% of the population as their main language according to the structural survey of the federal census from 2014. In addition, Albanian (5.0%), English (4.5%) and Italian (4.0%) are the most widely used main languages.

Religions, denominations

Population by religion / denomination (2014)
Roman Catholic			38.1%
evangelical reformed			20.5%
other christian church			9.4%
Jewish			0.6%
Muslim			8.4%
other religion			2.6%
non-denominational			20.4%

Since the Reformation under Vadian , the city of St. Gallen has been a Protestant city, whereas the entire surrounding area, which is subordinate to the prince abbey, remained Catholic. In 1918, however, the Catholic suburbs of Tablat and Straubenzell were incorporated. Until around 1950 the proportion of Roman Catholics and Evangelical Reformed remained practically constant at just under 50% each. Thereafter, the proportion of Reformed fell to 27% in 2000 and 21.9% in 2012, while the proportion of Catholics fell less sharply with 44% in 2000 and 38.4% in 2012. On the other hand, the share of non-denominational people rose from 9.9% in 2000 to 21.0% in 2012. In 2012, 8.1% of those over 15 belonged to other Christian communities and 8.0% to Islamic communities. Even the Syrian Christianity is represented in St. Gallen. As a result of the influx of Aramaic- speaking Assyrians ( Arameans or Chaldeans ) from the Mesopotamian region, there are now lively parishes of Eastern churches , with most of the St. Gallers with Assyrian roots belonging to the Syriac Orthodox Church of Antioch . St. Gallen is one of the ten Swiss towns that received the label “Reformation City” in 2017 from the Federation of Evangelical Churches .

Social

In December 2011, according to the Statistical Office, 1,183 people in the city of St. Gallen were registered as unemployed . On an annual average, around 6.95% were looking for a job. The unemployment rate averaged 3.0% in 2011. At the end of 2011, 2,898 social assistance case dossiers were open at the social welfare office. In 2011 the city of St. Gallen spent around CHF 21.8 million on social assistance .

politics

→ see also the Politics section in the St. Gallen constituency article

City Parliament

7th

19th

1

1

5

9

12

9

7th 19th 1 1 5 9 12 9 

A total of 63 seats

• GPS : 7
• SP : 19
• PFG : 1
• EVP : 1
• glp : 5
• CVP : 9
• FDP : 12
• SVP : 9

The city's legislature is the city ​​parliament , whose 63 members are elected by the people every four years. The city parliament meets monthly for public meetings in the Waaghaus near the market square.

Distribution of seats in the city parliament of St. Gallen

	CVP	SP	FDP	SVP	Green	glp	EPP	PFG	BDP	Total
					∗			∗∗
2005-2008	12	17th	13	11	7th	-	2	1	-	63
2009–2012	13	15th	12	11	5	4th	2	1	-	63
2013-2016	12	18th	10	09	6th	4th	2	1	1	63
2017-2020	09	19th	12	09	7th	5	1	1	-	63

^∗ The Green Liberal Party split off from the Green Party during the 2005–2008 term of office.

^∗∗ Political women's group St. Gallen

City council

The five-member city ​​council forms the executive and is also elected by the people for four years. The five members of the city council are each responsible for one directorate. The city ​​president is also a member of the city council, but is elected separately. St. Gallen's city council is made up of the following people:

Members of the St. Gallen City Council from November 2017

City council	Political party	Directorate
Thomas Scheitlin	FDP	Home Affairs and Finance, Mayor
Markus Buschor	independent	School and sport
Peter Jans	SP	Technical operations
Sonja Lüthi	glp	Social and Security
Maria Pappa	SP	Construction and planning

Thomas Scheitlin and Nino Cozzio faced a general election in November 2012 and were re-elected. Thomas Scheitlin was confirmed in his function as city president. Patrizia Adam (CVP) and the non-party Markus Buschor ran for the city council and were elected by the St. Gallen electorate in November 2012. For the first time in the history of St. Gallen, an independent candidate was elected to the city council. Peter Jans was elected in 2014; with him the SP is again represented in the city council.

In the general renewal election in 2016, all previous members ran again, but Patrizia Adam was not re-elected. In a runoff election, she was narrowly defeated by her rival Maria Pappa from the SP. The reason for the deselection of Adam after only one term of office is assumed to be the departmental assignment made by the city council. Buschor is a trained architect and had taken over the school department, Adam as a lawyer studied the building department. However, the city council decided not to change the departmental allocation after the election.

Sonja Lüthi (glp) was elected in November 2017 to replace Nino Cozzio (CVP), who died in mid-September, in the second ballot. She prevailed in the runoff election against a candidate from the CVP and one from the SD. For the first time since the city merging in 1918, the CVP is no longer represented on the city council.

National elections

In the Swiss parliamentary elections in 2019, the share of the vote in the city of St. Gallen was: SP 24.4%, Greens 17.4%, SVP 16.5%, FDP 14.3%, CVP 12.6%, glp 10.9% , EVP 1.7%.

administration

The city administration is spread over several buildings in the city. The most striking is the high-rise clad with a glass facade in the east wing of the St. Gallen train station. It was extensively renovated and rebuilt in 2006/2007 for 48 million francs.

Partnerships

The city does not have any explicitly known city partnerships, but as the canton capital is connected to various regions in Eastern and Central Europe as well as in Northern Italy and their cities through the various international partnerships of the canton .

E-government

The city administration enables residents to carry out government services from home using online forms. The forms are filled out directly online and sent to the responsible authority. The forms include, among other things, requests for pile-driving work from the Office for Building Permits or notifications of changes by the landlord, which are transmitted directly to the residents' office . The underlying form solution AFORMSOLUTION was produced by the Austrian IT company aforms2web .

coat of arms

→ Main article : Flags and coats of arms of the city and abbey of St. Gallen

Blazon : “ Bear walking upright on a silver shield , the front paws raised to the heraldic right , with a gold collar , gold armor ( claw , teeth, auricles , eyebrows ), with a red tongue and a red gender symbol . »

Reasons for the coat of arms: The coat of arms of the city of St. Gallen is reminiscent of the legend of Gallus and the bear . It shows an upright male bear with a gold collar. Emperor Friedrich III. had granted the city the privilege in 1475 of putting a gold collar around its bear as a thank you for its support in the Burgundian Wars . The claws, the teeth and the gender mark are clearly visible.

Economy and Infrastructure

St. Gallen is regarded as the economic center of Eastern Switzerland. Some insurance companies, including Helvetia Insurance and the St. Gallen Social Insurance Institution , and Raiffeisen Switzerland and the former Notenstein Privatbank from the national banks have their headquarters here, as well as regional banks such as St.Galler Kantonalbank , Acrevis Bank and Vadian Bank . These companies often recruit graduates from the University of St. Gallen , which is one of the leading business schools in Europe and attracts many foreign students and lecturers.

In 2008, 4,789 companies were registered in the city with 53,729 full-time equivalents. Almost half of the jobs were in medium-sized and large companies with more than 50 employees. Over 85% of businesses in the city are in the service sector - mainly in the commercial and IT sectors.

The textile industry with St. Gallen embroidery is historically the most important branch of industry. St. Gallen embroidery has lost its importance since the First World War , but it still produces an important export product.

Tourism is also an important industry in Gallusstadt. In 2011 the St. Gallen hotels booked almost 169,920 overnight stays. 86,070 guests came from Switzerland and around 83,850 from abroad.

Compared to other Swiss cities, rents in St. Gallen are relatively cheap. A 5-room apartment could be rented for an average of 1,269 francs a month in 2000, while in Zurich 700 francs more had to be spent on it. On the other hand, wages in St. Gallen tend to be lower and the tax rate higher than, for example, B. in Zurich. St. Gallen companies are primarily active in the service sector. Highly qualified, technically trained people therefore only have a limited number of jobs in St. Gallen. Most of them work in the Zurich area.

The large center function with its sometimes negative social and financial effects as well as the high tax and traffic burden have resulted in many “good” taxpayers moving from the city to the green and tax-favorable agglomeration communities. The preferred destinations of the migrants are close enough to the city to still be able to benefit from what the center has to offer (cinemas, theater, music, but also work). The vicious circle was partly broken by the fact that compensation payments for the center services were agreed with the surrounding communities and the canton ( financial compensation ), which, however, only cover around half of the center costs.

Public transport

Travel center in the main train station

St. Gallen trolley bus

The city of St. Gallen was connected to the railway network for the first time on March 25, 1856 with the opening of the St. Gallen Winkeln - St. Gallen line of the St. Gallisch-Appenzell Railway . The continuation to Rorschach followed just six months later . The open railway line to St. Gallen St. Fiden was replaced by the Rosenberg tunnel in 1912 .

The St. Gallen train station was built by the architect Alexander von Senger . The St. Gallen train station connects eastern Switzerland with the surrounding regions. St. Gallen has long-distance transport from St. Gallen via Zurich to Geneva . The Rhine Valley and Graubünden are also opened up with the St. Gallen – Chur railway line. St. Gallen is the Eastern Swiss center of the St. Gallen S-Bahn .

Next to the station of St. Gallen St. Gallen has three railway stations of the Swiss Federal Railways , St. Gallen St. Fiden , St. Gallen Bruggen and St. Gallen angles and the station St. Gallen Haggen the Südostbahn, former. BT . In addition, the Appenzeller Bahnen connect St. Gallen with Speicher and Trogen as well as Gais and Appenzell .

The St. Gallen trolleybus runs in the city and - like the supplementary bus lines - is operated by the St. Gallen City Transport Authority (VBSG). The Mühleggbahn connects the city with the St. Georgen district. Until 1957, St. Gallen also had a tram, the St. Gallen tram .

The Zurich Airport can be reached by train or car in an hour. The smaller St. Gallen-Altenrhein airport can be reached within 20 minutes by car and every half hour in 31 minutes by public transport. He mainly offers flights to Vienna .

Private transport

The Rosenberg and Stephanshorn autobahn tunnels run below the city and have relieved the city of through traffic since it opened in 1987. The center can be reached via four exits from the urban motorway.

There is a bicycle road in St. Gallen , which was built as a pilot project by the Federal Roads Office . By the beginning of 2018, 30 km / h zones were set up on 113 kilometers . The first 30 km / h zone was introduced in 1994. In 2019, after years of legal dispute, the Federal Supreme Court decided that the speed on a section of the road in St. Georgen may be reduced to 30 km / h for a year on a trial basis.

Supply infrastructure

The supply of electricity , water , natural gas and, to a lesser extent , district heating is provided by the St.Galler Stadtwerke . In the 2010s there were plans to heat large parts of the city using a geothermal power plant.

→ Main article : St. Gallen geothermal project

The city has been getting drinking water from Lake Constance since 1895. In 1993 she was a co-founder of RWSG (Regional Water Supply St. Gallen AG), which is responsible for collecting, processing, transporting and distributing drinking water for currently 12 communities in the region. To do this, it operates the Riet and Frasnacht waterworks.

School system

Painting by Markus Baldegger in the Buchental secondary school

According to its Benedictine Rule , the St. Gallen Monastery was an important educational institution from an early age. The rule of the order introduced by Othmar required the monks to have a good school education and knowledge of writing and Latin . The monastery school remained in existence until the monastery was secularized in 1803/1805 and trained novices but also secular students. After a brief interruption, the Catholic Cantonal Secondary School St. Gallen (“Flade”) opened in the same rooms as the successor to this monastery school . In the course of the Middle Ages, influenced by the confessional separation of the city from the monastery, a school was also opened in the city ( housed in the former monastery of St. Catherine since the 16th century ).

Major changes in the St. Gallic school system did not occur until the 19th century, influenced on the one hand by the strong population growth - as a result of the economic boom in the textile industry - and on the other hand by the takeover of the school system by the new political community . In a short time, many new school buildings were built in urban areas and in the suburbs of Straubenzell and Tablat , and the school system was fundamentally reformed. A modern non-denominational school system with different levels was established from denominationally separated schools. As a special feature, however, the Catholic part of the denomination (public organization of the Catholic members of the diocese of St. Gallen) supported by the Catholic denomination “Flade” was retained.

Education, universities and research institutions

As a result of the increasing demands on the students by the economy, especially in the purchasing and banking sector, which was central to the textile industry, were

• In 1856 the canton school at Burggraben (initially as a so-called industrial school) was founded and
• 1898 the University of St. Gallen - University of Economics, Law and Social Sciences (HSG).

Join in

• the St. Gallen University of Education (PHSG) ,
• the St. Gallen University of Applied Sciences , with the departments of economics, social work, technology and health,
• the St. Gallen School of Design , which was founded in 1883, as well
• since 1994 the canton school at Brühl .

Culture and sights

See also : List of cultural assets in St. Gallen

Most tourists come to St. Gallen to see the baroque collegiate church from the 18th century. This includes a visit to the abbey library with its old manuscripts. Schepenese , an Egyptian mummy, is considered to be a particular crowd puller - although it doesn't really fit the environment .

In the old town you will notice the ornate oriels , which bear witness to the trips of the St. Gallen textile merchants around the world in the 18th and 19th centuries. They remind of the importance of St. Gallen in the canvas and embroidery industry . To the south of the monastery, the Mühleggbahn travels through the Mulenenschlucht to the “Drei Weieren” local recreation area. From there, when the weather is nice, you have a view of the whole city, to Lake Constance and over to the German shore. The ponds function as public swimming pools.

Today's cultural center of the city can be found in and around the city park, just a few minutes' walk east of the city center. In the Theater St. Gallen pieces of the present and the past are listed. Right next to it is the Tonhalle , in which the concerts of the St. Gallen Symphony Orchestra and numerous guest concerts take place. There are three museums in the immediate vicinity: the historical and ethnological museum with exhibitions on art and culture from the city and region, the art museum and the natural science museum , in which the natural sciences are explained - from dinosaur fossils to lasers .

St. Gallen with its almost 80,000 inhabitants has a wide range of cultural activities. Monthly information is available a. in the culture magazine Saiten .

Churches

See also : List of sacred buildings in the city of St. Gallen

In the monastery and ...

... in the St. Laurenzen Church, less than a hundred meters away, the policy of the prince abbey and the city of St. Gallen was determined for centuries.

• In the abbey district is the collegiate church of St. Gallus and Othmar , today also the cathedral of the diocese of St. Gallen. It is considered a symbol of the city.
• The Reformed Church of St. Laurenzen in the city center was rebuilt in a neo-Gothic style in 1851 ; the core of this building dates from 1413 to 1422.
• In the Irervorstadt there are two more Reformed churches, the parish church of St. Mangen with a Romanesque core and the church of St. Katharina of the former Dominican convent.
• In the northeastern suburb is the Catholic Church of St. Fiden, which was built by Johann Ferdinand Beer in 1777 in the Baroque style.
• At the western end of the station area is the St. Leonhard Church . Formerly a Protestant church in the western suburbs, then a cultural center; Badly damaged by an attic fire at the end of 2007.
• The reformed church in Heiligkreuz, neo-baroque building with Art Nouveau influences, built by the architects Curjel and Moser (Karlsruhe / St. Gallen).
• Catholic Trinity Church Heiligkreuz, built in 1950 in the typology of the early Christian basilica, architects: Johannes Scheier, Willi Schregenberger, Oskar Müller.
• Reformed Church Linsebühl, a neo-renaissance building from 1897.
• Catholic Church of St. Otmar, built in 1908 in the neo-Gothic style, architect: August Hardegger
• Catholic Church of St. Martin in the Bruggen district; the concrete church built in 1936 was very modern for the time.
• Reformed Church Bruggen, built in 1903 in Art Nouveau style, architects: Curjel and Moser, Karlsruhe / St. Gallen
• The Roman Catholic Church Winkeln , built around 1959 by the local architects Ernest Brantschen and Alphons Weisser.

theatre

• In the Theater St. Gallen opera, operetta, ballet, musicals and plays are performed.
• The St. Gallen Puppet Theater shows pieces for children and adults.
• The basement stage - the cabaret theater in St. Gallen.

Museums

In the abbey district

• Abbey Library , Library of the St. Gallen Monastery; over 900 manuscripts, including the famous St. Gallen monastery plan by Abbot Gozbert from the 9th century.
• Lapidarium of the collegiate church (building blocks from the 8th to 17th centuries)

In the museum district

• Historical and Ethnographic Museum St. Gallen (collections on regional early history, city history, folk art, cultural history and ethnographic collections from all over the world). Neoclassical hipped roof building with a broad western entrance wing and open staircase. Erected 1914–1921 by Völki & Bridler, Winterthur, and Carl Adolf Lang for the local community of St. Gallen.
• Art Museum St. Gallen (paintings and sculptures from the 19th and 20th centuries). The later painter Emil Nolde worked from 1892 to 1898 as a drawing teacher at the trade school for St. Gallen embroidery.

Museums in other parts of the city

• Kunst Halle Sankt Gallen (national and international modern art)
• Textile Museum St. Gallen (historical lace, embroidery and fabrics, textile art)
• Project space exex (contemporary art)
• Museum im Lagerhaus ( Naive art and Art brut mainly from Switzerland)
• Nature museum (natural history collection, since November 2016 in the Neudorf district)
• Point Jaune museum ( Mail Art , Postpostism)

music

• In addition to its service in the St. Gallen Theater, the St. Gallen Symphony Orchestra gives numerous symphonic concerts in the Tonhalle. Modestas Pitrenas has been chief conductor since 2018 .
• The St. Galler DomMusik through the International Dom Organ and various other orchestral and choral concerts. The church musician Martin Vogt was cathedral organist and music teacher at the Catholic grammar school from 1823 to 1837.
• Various brass bands give regular concerts in the Tonhalle. Among them is the St. Gallen Boys' Music, one of the largest brass bands in Switzerland. Another wind orchestra from the city is the Otmarmusik St. Gallen .
• The Palace, an alternative concert venue in the former cinema of the same name with music, art and political events.
• The Grabenhalle is the scene of many rock / indie / alternative / reggae concerts. It is in the same place as the Palace.
• Well-known musicians who sing in the St. Gallen dialect are Manuel Stahlberger and Piggnigg .
• JS Bach Foundation

Buildings

Prachterker of the house to the pelican

See also : List of the city gates of the city of St. Gallen

• Abbey district with abbey library and church (UNESCO World Heritage Site )
• Old town with over a hundred oriels , e.g. Sometimes multi-storey, painted or carved from wood (splendid bay windows)
• Three weirs (artificial pond from the heyday of the textile industry with art nouveau - bathhouses ; Approach by Mühleggbahn 1893)
• Bank Wegelin (Haus Notenstein ), the oldest bank in Switzerlanduntil it ceased operations in 2013, founded in 1741.
• Tröckneturm Schönenwegen; the tower was built in 1828 and freshly dyed sheets of fabric were hung up to dry inside.
• Embroidery exchange, building with the figure of the god of trade Hermes on the roof.
• Volksbad St. Gallen , the second oldest indoor swimming pool in Switzerland from 1906. New and unique at the time was the arched concrete ceiling above the swimming pool based on the system of the French civil engineer François Hennebique .
• Karlstor , the only remaining gate of the medieval city fortifications. Decorated with a relief.
• Bay windows in St. Gallen , in the old town there are several splendid bay windows
• Sports hall of the commercial vocational school. The 50 × 26 m steel structure was built in 2006 with a green roof. On February 24, 2009, the roof collapsed under extremely heavy snow loads.
• Emergency call center and bus shelter designed by Spanish architect Santiago Calatrava .
• In 1992 the city of St. Gallen received the Wakker Prize .

Parks and squares

• Wildlife Park Peter and Paul , zoo-like wildlife park with large enclosures for native animals such as ibex and marmots .
• City park near the theater, local recreation area in the city center; with a large aviary with rare birds and ducks.
• In the east of the city, in the Neudorf district, is the botanical garden .
• Canton school park, park at the canton school on Burggraben , at times somewhat discredited as a drug transhipment point .
• Kreuzbleichepark, sports field
• Stadtlounge , a space covered with a red plastic layer between the Raiffeisen Bank buildings (since spring 2005), designed by Pipilotti Rist and the architect Carlos Martinez (Rorschach)

Regular events

• OLMA , the traditional Swiss fair for agriculture and food in autumn as well as numerous other events of the Olma Messen St. Gallen
• OpenAir St. Gallen in Sittertobel
• The St. Gallen Festival , organized by the Theater St. Gallen, consists of an open-air opera production and a supporting program with concerts and dance performances
• St. Gallen Children's Festival , originally a presentation parade for the textile industry, today a gathering of many St. Gallen residents with a parade and performances by children from various school buildings. It takes place every three years.

Josef Ackermann , former CEO of Deutsche Bank , at the St. Gallen Symposium (2010)

• The St. Gallen Symposium takes place every year in May at the University of St. Gallen and is one of the leading business conferences in Europe. The dialogue between the generations is a particular objective.
• New Orleans Jazz Festival , St. Galler Fest and Gassenfest are annual events that take place in the alleys of the old town.
• Römpel fire : the night before New Year's Eve, the masked Römpler go around the former municipality of Straubenzell (today St. Gallen West) . With noise and the "Römpel", a doll that is supposed to instill horror, they try to scare away all evil, personified in the legendary figure of the black Rappensteiner. The Römperfeuer, the high point of the custom, takes place on the evening of December 30th behind St. Martin's Church in Bruggen.
• Wording: Literature days have been held in St. Gallen since 2008. Until 2011, under the title “St.Galler Literaturfest Wortlaut”, the event in 2012 developed into a three-day literary event called “St.Galler Literaturtage Wortlaut” and thus a cross-border, regionally important and popular event.
• Pantalla Latina : Since 2009, a Latin American film festival has been held in the Corso cinema every November .
• The St. Gallen Old Town Run took place from 1984 to 2008 a total of 25 times at the end of September. The fastest St. Gallen runner was determined in 35 categories, from 330 meters (for three-year-olds) to 8810 meters (main class). After the anniversary run in 2008, the old town run had to be stopped because there were not enough sponsors. In 2013, a new running event was created for the city of St. Gallen with the ascent run , which is to take place every year from now on.
• The most important equestrian event in Switzerland, the CSIO Switzerland , takes place annually on the Grundmoos in St. Gallen. Among other things, the Nations Cup is held there.

panorama

and display information about the image

Panoramic picture of St. Gallen

Sports

societies

The football club FC St. Gallen (FCSG), the oldest football club in Switzerland and continental Europe, plays in the Super League, the highest Swiss league, while SC Brühl St. Gallen plays in the first division promotion , the third highest football league. FC Winkeln ( 2nd league ) is also based in St. Gallen . Other football clubs from Gallusstadt are FC Fortuna, founded in 1910, FC Rotmonten and FC St. Otmar St. Gallen. The Blue Stars St. Gallen , who played in the top league in the 1900s, were dissolved.

Handball is very important in St. Gallen. The handball club TSV St. Otmar St. Gallen plays in the highest handball league in Switzerland, the National League A , and has been Swiss champion seven times since 1964, most recently in the 2001 season. BTV St. Gallen became Swiss twice in the 1960s Champion and currently plays in the 3rd division. There is also the LC Brühl . It is the women's club and plays in the National League A. With 26 championship and 5 cup titles, the club is the most successful women's handball club in Switzerland. There are also the clubs HC Bruggen, HC Stadtbären 05 and SV Fides.

In St. Gallen there are other clubs such as St. Gallen Badminton Bears, TTC St. Gallen ( table tennis ), STV St. Gallen Volley ( volleyball ), St. Gallen Vipers ( American football ), UHC Waldkirch-St. Gallen ( floorball ), RFC The Bishops St. Gallen Rugby , CC St. Galler Bär ( curling ), EHC St. Gallen ( ice hockey ), BBC Uni St. Gallen ( basketball ), TV St. Georgen (gymnastics and athletics), Swiss Alpenclub SAC, St. Gallen section (mountaineering, climbing. With over 2500 members one of the largest clubs) and even more, such as the LC Brühl athletics .

Sports facilities

AFG Arena St. Gallen at a game of the Swiss national team

In terms of the number of seats, the Grundmoos riding stadium is the largest stadium in St. Gallen: the stadium in the west of the city has a capacity of 24,000 spectators, the associated grandstand has 1900 seats. The CSIO Switzerland takes place there every year . The Kybunpark football stadium ( AFG Arena until 2016 ) with a capacity of 21,000 spectators is located nearby . 16,000 of these are seated and 5,000 are standing. For European games, the capacity is 18,000 seats. On May 30, 2008, the first game took place in the 410 million franc stadium, which Switzerland won 3-0 against Liechtenstein . The Kybunpark has replaced the Espenmoos stadium (today: 5700 seats), which is now used as a popular sports facility. With the Paul Grüninger Stadium (4200 seats), there is another football stadium in St. Gallen, where the St. Gallen Velorenningbahn , which existed from 1905 to 1908, was located.

The largest indoor sports facility is the Kreuzbleiche (4200 seats), it is the home of the handball clubs TSV St. Otmar and LC Brühl.

With the athletics facility in Neudorf, there is an athletics center in the east of the city, it can hold 4200 spectators and has a grandstand with 850 seats. In the center of the city near the Olma-Hallen there is an indoor multifunctional facility with a focus on athletics, the St. Gallen Athletics Center with up to 3000 seats. The only permanent 200-meter indoor track in Switzerland is located in the Athletics Center.

There are two Finnish tracks and three Vitaparcours tracks in the city. In 2013, a private association created a public mountain bike flow trail, the so-called WaldeggTrail, which leads from the Hüslersegg through the Wattbach valley to the Hüslersegg on the Eggen slope south of the city . Construction of the last section, which should lead to St. Georgen , began in 2017. There is also the Rollpark Kreuzbleiche with three bowls and a large street section.

For swimming there are the indoor pools in Blumenwies and the Volksbad, as well as the Lerchenfeld and Rotmonten pools and the natural pools on Dreilinden.

For winter sports there are ice rinks, cross-country skiing trails and ski lifts in the town: there are two cross-country skiing trails with a length of 780 m and 2700 m at Unteren Brand, and one in Notkersegg is 2167 meters long. The Lopie at the Peter and Paul Wildlife Park measures 800 meters, the one on the children's festival area 775 meters. The length of the CityLoipe Kreuzbleiche is 1200 meters. The Beckenhalde and Schlössli ski lifts are located in the city. The mountain station of the Vögelinsegg ski lift near Speicher at 1007 meters above sea level is also in the city. The ice sports center Lerchenfeld, which serves local ice hockey clubs, also offers free ice skating. There are also five rinks there for curling .

Ski lifts in the urban area
lift	Persons / h	length	Height difference	Height of mountain station	Remarks
Pool dump	k. A.	300 m	60 m	820  m	near St. Georgen
Schlössli	k. A.	250 m	45 m	730  m	at Haggen
Vögelinsegg	600	470 m	87 m	1007  m	Valley station in Speicher AR, mountain station in the urban area

Personalities

→ Main article : List of personalities from the city of St. Gallen

See also

Portal: St. Gallen  - Overview of articles about the city and the canton of St. Gallen

• Prince Abbey of St. Gallen
• Stiftsarchiv St. Gallen
• Collegiate Church of St. Gallen
• Canton of St. Gallen
• State Archives of the Canton of St. Gallen

literature

Older representations

• Georg Leonhard Hartmann: History of the city of St. Gallen. Hartmann, St. Gallen 1818 ( facsimile in the Google book search).
• Citizens' register of the local community of St. Gallen. Fehr, St. Gallen 1868 ( digitized version ).
• Johann Jakob Bernet: Meritorious men of the city of Sankt Gallen, in portraits and brief life news. Wegelin and Wartmann, St. Gallen 1830 ( scan in Google book search). Unchanged reprint, with an afterword by Peter Wegelin, published under the title: Meritorious Men, Mayors and Deans of the City of St. Gallen in portraits and brief life news (=  publications of the Pro Vadiana Society. No. 14). Publishing Association St. Gallen, St. Gallen 1986.
• August Naef : Chronicle or Memories of the City and Landscape of St. Gallen. With the epitome of the related Appenzell events. From the oldest to the more recent. Scheitlin, St. Gallen; Schulthess, Zurich 1867 ( digitized at the MDZ ; first edition with different subtitle: From the oldest times up to the year 1848. Ibid. 1850, scan in the Google book search).
• Gottlieb Felder : The city of St. Gallen and its surroundings. Nature and history, life and facilities in the past and present. A local lore. Volume 1 (so complete). Fehr, St. Gallen 1916.
• August Hardegger , Salomon Schlatter, Traugott Schiess : The architectural monuments of the city of St. Gallen. Fehr, St. Gallen 1922.

Newer works

• Stefan Sonderegger , Marcel Mayer: Sankt Gallen (municipality). In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . January 6, 2012 .
• Daniel Ammann (photos), Marcel Elseneret (texts): St. Gallen. City portrait. Monastery town - history, culture, scene, landscape. AS, Zurich 1999, ISBN 3-905111-37-3 .
• Walter Berschin : The written sources on the building history of St. Gallen approx. 680–1200 AD. Foundation for research in late antiquity and the Middle Ages - HR. Sennhauser, Bad Zurzach 2014 ( PDF; 858 kB ).
• Johannes Duft , Ernst Ziegler, Karl Künzler: St. Gallen. Monastery and city (= Swiss homeland books. Volume 187). Haupt, Bern 1984, ISBN 3-258-03263-7 .
• Ernst Ehrenzeller; Walter-and-Verena-Spühl-Foundation (ed.): History of the city of St. Gallen. VGS-Verlagsgemeinschaft, St. Gallen 1988, ISBN 3-7291-1047-0 .
• Society for Swiss Art History (Ed.): The art monuments of the canton of St. Gallen. The city of St. Gallen. In: Art Monuments of Switzerland. [2 volumes], Birkhäuser Verlag , Basel:
  • Art monuments of Switzerland. 37: Volume I: History, fortifications, churches [without pen] and residential buildings. 1957.
  • Art monuments of Switzerland. 45: Volume II: The pen. 1961.
• Peter Röllin, Daniel Studer: St. Gallen. Architecture and urban development 1850–1920. Edited by the Society for Swiss Art History. Historical Museum St. Gallen. GSK, Bern; Historisches Museum, St. Gallen 2003, ISBN 3-9520597-2-2 (special publication from Volume 8 of the entire series Inventory of Newer Swiss Architecture 1850–1920, INSA).
• Nathalie Bodenmüller, Dorothee Guggenheimer, Johannes Huber, Marcel Mayer, Stefan Sonderegger, Daniel Studer, Rolf Wirth: St. Gallen City Guide with Abbey District. 4th, modified and expanded edition. St. Gallen-Bodensee Tourismus / Typotron, St. Gallen 2010, ISBN 978-3-908151-44-9 .
• Peter Röllin: St. Gallen - City Change and City Experience in the 19th Century. VGS, St. Gallen 1981, ISBN 3-7291-1014-4 .
• Peter Röllin, St. Gallen Art Association and St. Gallen Museums Foundation (ed.): Embroidery Time. Culture and art in St. Gallen 1870–1930. 2nd Edition. VGS Verlagsgemeinschaft St. Gallen 1989, ISBN 3-7291-1052-7 .
• Hans Stricker: Our city of St. Gallen. A geographic-historical local lore. 2nd, revised edition. School administration St. Gallen, St. Gallen 1979, OCLC 837552582 .

Fiction

• Oliver Bendel : The city out of the corner of my eye. Alkyon Verlag, Weissach im Tal 2004, ISBN 3-933292-86-7 (poems about St. Gallen).
• Elisabeth Gerter : The stickers. Unionsverlag, Zurich 2003, ISBN 3-293-00313-3 (On the history of embroidery).
• Thomas Hürlimann : Miss Stark. Novel. Ammann, Zurich 2006, ISBN 3-250-60075-X (illuminates the Abbey Library and the St. Gallen Society in the 1950s).

Web links

Further content in the sister projects of Wikipedia:
	Commons	- multimedia content
	Wiktionary	- Dictionary entries
	Wikisource	- Sources and full texts
	Wikinews	- News
	Wikivoyage	- Travel Guide

• Official website of the city of St. Gallen
• 360 ° panorama photos of the city of St. Gallen
• St. Gallen town history / s by W. Mittelholzer
• St. Gallen Lake Constance Tourism

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Permanent and non-permanent resident population by year, canton, district, municipality, population type and gender (permanent resident population). In: bfs. admin.ch . Federal Statistical Office (FSO), August 31, 2019, accessed on December 22, 2019 . 
2. ↑ ^{a b} City of St. Gallen (Ed.): Statistical Yearbook of the City of St. Gallen 2012 edition . St. Gallen October 3, 2012, OCLC 923001897 , p. 17 , Age structure of the permanent resident population at the end of the year by gender and nationality in 2011; absolutely. City of St.Gallen. T_01_ 3 ( stadt.sg.ch [PDF; 3.5 MB ; accessed on July 14, 2017]).
3. ↑ ^{a b} The city in numbers. Retrieved May 24, 2016 . 
4. ↑ Fredi Kurth: The east of the city is in the north. In: St. Galler Tagblatt . October 24, 2012, accessed January 20, 2017.
5. ^ Local citizen community St. Gallen: Life in the Green Ring. In: ortsbuerger.ch. Retrieved November 2, 2008 . 
6. ↑ Climate diagram of the city of St. Gallen. (PDF; 295 kB) Meteoschweiz, accessed on September 27, 2018 . 
7. ↑ Climate table. (PDF; 80 kB) In: meteoschweiz.admin.ch. meteoschweiz, accessed on January 19, 2017 . 
8. ^ Districts, district groups and statistical districts of the city of St.Gallen. (PDF; 99 kB) Statistical Office, Canton St. Gallen, April 30, 2014, accessed on July 4, 2017 . 
9. ↑ Brief portraits of the 18 quarters of the city of St.Gallen. (PDF; 7.6 MB) Office for Social Issues St. Gallen, District Work, May 21, 2015, accessed on July 4, 2017 . 
10. ↑ Five Swiss cities named “Reformation cities in Europe”. In: ref.ch , Reformed Media. March 17, 2015, accessed on January 20, 2017. Reformation city of St. Gallen. Switzerland. From the monastery over the Schiedmauer to a world cultural heritage. City portrait of the project «Reformation Cities of Europe». In: reformation-cities.org/cities. Community of Evangelical Churches in Europe, accessed December 4, 2018 .  - For the importance of St. Gallen in the history of the Reformation see also the section Religions, denominations .
11. ↑ Statistical Yearbook of the City of St. Gallen 2010. (PDF; 33 kB) Foreign permanent resident population at the end of the year by nationality since 2000. City of St. Gallen. (No longer available online.) In: stadtsg.ch. October 5, 2011, p. 23 , archived from the original on November 20, 2011 ; Retrieved January 19, 2017 . 
12. ↑ Urban population: agglomerations and isolated cities. Federal Statistical Office, August 31, 2018, accessed on December 23, 2018 . 
13. ↑ Permanent resident population aged 15 and over according to main language, 2014. (XLS) (No longer available online.) Federal Statistical Office, January 1, 2015, archived from the original on January 28, 2016 ; Retrieved January 19, 2017 . 
14. ↑ Permanent resident population aged 15 and over by religious affiliation, 2014. (XLS; 239 kB) Federal Statistical Office, January 1, 2015, accessed on January 31, 2017 . 
15. ↑ ^{a b c} Permanent resident population aged 15 and over according to religious affiliation, 2012. (XLS) (No longer available online.) Federal Statistical Office, January 1, 2012, archived from the original on January 6, 2012 ; Retrieved January 19, 2017 . 
16. ^ Syrian Orthodox Church included in AGCK. In: Stiftung Zukunft CH. Retrieved December 28, 2019 . 
17. ↑ The Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch. In: AGCK.CH. October 2018, accessed December 28, 2019 . 
18. ^ Catholic Church in the St. Gallen area. (PDF; 1.1 MB) In: sg.ch. September 2019, accessed December 28, 2019 . 
19. ↑ Simon Hehli: Tour de Suisse the Reformation. In: Neue Zürcher Zeitung . November 4, 2016, p. 15.
20. ^ Members of the City Council. In: stadt.sg.ch , accessed on November 28, 2017.
21. ↑ In memory. City Councilor Nino Cozzio (1957-2017). (No longer available online.) In: stadt.sg.ch. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017 ; accessed on October 7, 2018 . 
22. ↑ Federal elections 2019 | opendata.swiss. Retrieved November 24, 2019 . 
23. ↑ Administration and Services. In: stadt.sg.ch. Retrieved September 27, 2014 . 
24. ↑ Regulations on the city arms of August 20, 1943. (PDF; 32 kB) sRS 113.1. (No longer available online.) In: stadt.sg.ch. June 21, 2005, archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved on May 12, 2019 (amended by the adjustment regulations of October 27, 1992, VOS 12, 559; as of July 1, 2005). 
25. ↑ Werner Mitterholzer: 1401–1500. On July 5, 1475. In: ass-stgallen.ch , St. Galler Stadtgeschichte / n, accessed on January 20, 2017.
26. ↑ Statistical yearbook of the city of St. Gallen 2010: Companies and employment volume by company size class 2001 to 2008. (PDF; 34 kB) (No longer available online.) Canton St. Gallen, October 5, 2011, archived from the original on November 24, 2011 ; accessed on January 20, 2017 . 
27. ↑ Statistical Yearbook of the City of St. Gallen 2010: Companies by economic sector 2001 to 2008. (PDF; 40 kB) (No longer available online.) Canton St. Gallen, October 5, 2011, archived from the original on November 24, 2011 ; accessed on January 20, 2017 . 
28. ↑ City of St. Gallen (Ed.): Statistical Yearbook of the City of St. Gallen 2012 edition . St. Gallen October 3, 2012, OCLC 923001897 , p. 87 ( stadt.sg.ch [PDF; 3.6 MB ; accessed on July 14, 2017]).
29. ↑ Statistical Yearbook of the City of St. Gallen 2010: Average monthly net prices of rental and cooperative apartments by number of rooms and rental classes, 2000. (PDF; 32 kB) (No longer available online.) City of St. Gallen, October 5, 2011, archived from Original on November 24, 2011 ; accessed on January 20, 2017 . 
30. ↑ Study center loads (short version). City of St. Gallen, November 1, 2011.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: stadt.sg.ch )
31. ^ The new financial equalization from the perspective of the city of St. Gallen. Opinion. (No longer available online.) In: stadt.sg.ch. November 8, 2006, archived from the original on February 2, 2017 ; accessed on January 20, 2017 . 
32. ↑ Sabine Dahinden: Pilot project with Velostrassen - free travel for bicycles. In: srf.ch . February 5, 2019, accessed February 6, 2019 . 
33. ↑ Daniel Gerny, Erich Aschwanden: Tempo 30 is becoming the norm. In: nzz.ch . March 30, 2018, accessed May 12, 2019 . 
34. ↑ Overview Tempo 30 zones. (PDF; 1.5 MB) In: stadt.sg.ch. April 26, 2019, accessed August 31, 2019 . 
35. ↑ David Gadze: Federal Court has ruled: Tempo 30 in the district center of St. Georgen will come. In: tagblatt.ch . June 4, 2019, accessed June 4, 2019 . 
36. ↑ strings. Eastern Switzerland culture magazine. In: saiten.ch , accessed on January 19, 2017.
37. ↑ Palace St.Gallen. In: palace.sg , accessed on December 23, 2018.
38. ↑ Grabenhalle St. Gallen. In: grabenhalle.ch , accessed on December 6, 2018.
39. ↑ Wording of the St. Gallen Literature Days. Retrieved March 8, 2017 . 
40. ^ Society for German Language and Literature. Retrieved March 8, 2017 (Swiss Standard German). 
41. ^ Fredi Kurth: St. Gallen is running again. In: tagblatt.ch. St. Galler Tagblatt, November 8, 2013, accessed on October 13, 2014 . 
42. ↑ St. Gallen ascent run. In: auffahrtlauf.ch. OAW AG, accessed on January 20, 2017 . 
43. ↑ (firm / Si): St. Gallen makes the ascent perfect. In: fussball.ch. May 13, 2012, accessed January 20, 2017 . 
44. ↑ Grundmoos Stadium. In: stadt.sg.ch. Retrieved August 13, 2018 . 
45. ^ Espenmoos Stadium. In: stadt.sg.ch. Retrieved August 13, 2018 . 
46. ↑ Kreuzbleiche sports complex. In: stadt.sg.ch. Retrieved August 13, 2018 . 
47. ↑ Neudorf athletics facility. In: stadt.sg.ch. Retrieved August 13, 2018 . 
48. ↑ Infrastructure. In: stadt.sg.ch. Retrieved August 13, 2018 . 
49. ^ Cross-country trails in the city of St.Gallen. In: stadt.sg.ch. Retrieved August 13, 2018 . 
50. ↑ Sport in nature. In: stadt.sg.ch. Retrieved August 13, 2018 . 
51. ↑ Information, unless otherwise stated, based on map.geo.admin.ch .
52. ^ Bruggen residents' association (EVB): ski lift on the Schlössli slope. In: evb-bruggen.ch , accessed on May 12, 2019.
53. ↑ Thomas Batschelet: SG-SG-1-s Vögelinsegg, St. Gallen, ski lift. In: seilbahninventar.ch. Retrieved August 13, 2018 . 
54. ↑ Review. In: General repertory of the latest domestic and foreign literature for 1832. Edited by a society of scholars and provided by Christian Daniel Beck. Volume 1. C. Cnobloch, Leipzig 1832, p. 279 f. ( Facsimile in the Google book search).