Naive art
Naive art is a collective term for artistic work by self-taught people , mainly in painting (also known as amateur painters), with an emphatically simple, carefree, imaginative choice of motifs. The type of representation is also often simple, for example without shadows, with a simplified representation of living beings and objects. The works often represent the creators' personal dreams.
history
From the late 19th century onwards, the naive art of laypeople in Paris was first discovered by modern artists and later by art connoisseurs such as the art historian Wilhelm Uhde : around 1885 the customs clerk Henri Rousseau , in 1889 the postman Louis Vivin , in 1912 the cleaning lady Séraphine Louis , In 1915 the circus athlete Camille Bombois , in 1927 the gardener André Bauchant . Uhde presented her in 1928 in Paris in a first exhibition as the painter of the Sacred Heart (Peintres du Coeur sacré).
At the end of the 1920s, the German art writer Wilhelm Uhde first used the term “naive art” when he saw artists such as Henri Rousseau, Louis Vivin, Séraphine de Senlis , Camille Bombois or André Bauchant in the exhibition Painter of the Sacred Heart He later promoted the most famous German naive, Adalbert Trillhaase (1858–1936). The Erfurt merchant and painter was branded as degenerate during the Nazi era and was no longer allowed to exhibit. One of the most important pictures comes from Trillhaase: The Good Samaritan . The sermon by the lake or The Mocking of Christ are also images that reflect simple fateful moments for the individual. Today Trillhaase is considered the most important naive painter in Germany. He died in 1936 in Niederdollendorf (today part of Königswinter ). Here the name of the Trillhase park , in which his villa (burned down in 1959) once stood, reminds of the important artist.
Naive art became well known with an extensive traveling exhibition, which was shown in 1937 under the title Maîtres populaires de la réalités in the Salle Royale, Paris, and at the Kunsthaus Zürich , and in 1938 as Masters of Popular Painting in the Arthur Tooths & Sons gallery, London , as well as the Museum of Modern Art in New York . The turn of the century Georgian painter Niko Pirosmani is considered a late discovery .
In the post-war period, naive painting, especially from Serbia , from the town of Kovačica , gained great popularity. Several illustrated books have already been published in various languages and numerous international exhibitions have taken place, including in cooperation with UNESCO . Notable artists are Zuzana Halupova (Zuzana Chalupová), Martin Jonaš, Jan Sokol, Zuzana Vereski, Ana Knjazović-Mijailović and many more. Pictures by Zuzana Halupova (Zuzana Chalupová) were also printed on UNICEF greeting cards and were used in various projects. Even today Kovačica is considered a Mecca of naive art and enjoys international recognition. Among other things, Lady Di and Montserrat Caballé bought pictures by artists from Kovačica. Aside from oil paintings , other art objects are also made in Kovačica, such as artistically painted dried pumpkins and hand-made dolls. There is the Galerija Naivne Umetnosti in the village, which changes its exhibition every month. Another place in Serbia known for this art form is Jagodina . The exhibits of the local museum have already been exhibited a number of times internationally, for example in Malta. A well-known representative of the naive art from Jagodina is Janko Brašić.
The Croatian Ivan Generalić is considered the most famous artist of this style in his homeland. In Bulgaria it is Radi Nedelchev . In Germany, the Charlotte Zander Bönnigheim Museum and the Clemens Sels Museum Neuss have a larger collection of naive art. In Italy, the naive painting was rediscovered by Antonio Ligabue . Grandma Moses is the most famous American naive painter. Petra Moll and Maria Felder worked in Germany . In Poland, the deaf painter Nikifor was recognized late. Ibrahim Ghannam was a pioneer of naive painting in the Arab world .
term
The term naive art competes with terms such as art brut , outsider art and state-bound art , which - albeit from a slightly different perspective - also refer to images by autodidacts. With the term naive art , the emphasis is more on the mode of representation, on formal and thematic aspects, while with the three other terms the social position of the artist or their mental state are decisive. However, a clear delimitation of the terms mentioned is hardly possible; Most of the pictures by autodidacts fall into several of these categories.
Museums (selection)
Belgium:
Brazil:
- Museu do Sol in Penápolis
- Museo Internacional de Arte Naïf de Brazil in Cosme Velho, Rio de Janeiro
- Galeria Jacques Ardies in São Paulo
Germany:
- Art Museum Zander Collection in the Stadionschen Schloss in Bönnigheim
- Collection of naive art in the Vestisches Museum in Recklinghausen (stored since its closure)
- Department for naive art in the Clemens Sels Museum Neuss in Neuss
- Collection area for naive art in the Museum of European Cultures in Berlin
- Collection of Polish naive art (collection Hans-Joachim and Christina Orth) in the painting and sculpture collection of the city of Nuremberg (on permanent loan from the Berlin museums )
- Museum Haus Cajeth in Heidelberg
France:
- Musée International d'Art Naïf Anatole Jakovsky in Nice
- Hall Saint Pierre in Paris
- Musée d'art naïf de Vicq en Île-de-France in Vicq
- Musée du vieux-château in Laval Castle in Laval
- Musée municipal d'Art Naïf et Populaires in Noyer-sur-Serein
- LaM - Lille Métropole, musée d'art moderne, d'art contemporain et d'art brut in Villeneuve-d'Ascq
- MAN Musée d'Art Naif in Béraut
Israel:
- GINA - Gallery of International Naïve Art in Tel Aviv
Italy:
- Museo Nazionale delle Arti NaÏves Cesare Zavattini in Luzzara
Canada:
- Le Musée International d'Art Naïf in Magog
Croatia:
- Croatian Museum of Naive Art in Zagreb
- Gallery naivne umjetnosti in Hlebine
Poland:
- Galerie d'Art Naif in Krakow
Portugal:
- Museu De Arte Primitiva Moderna in Guimarães
Russia:
Switzerland:
Serbia:
- Museum of Naive Art and Border Art (Muzej Naivne i Marginalne Umetnosti) in Jagodina
- Gallery for naive art in Kovačica (Галерија наивне уметности у Ковачици)
Spain:
- Museum of Naive Art in Figueres
UNITED STATES:
- American Folk Art Museum in New York City
- Anthony Petullo Collection in Milwaukee
- Croatian Naive Art Gallery & Museum collection in Saint Petersburg , Florida
literature
- Masters of Popular Painting . Museum of Modern Art, New York 1938 (catalog of the exhibition of the same name).
- Eva Karcher: The painter of the sacred heart . Museum Charlotte Zander, Bönnigheim 1996, ISBN 3-926318-23-6 .
- Oto Bihalji-Merin : The Art of the Naive. Issues and relationships . Munich 1975 (catalog of the exhibition of the same name, Haus der Kunst, November 1, 1974 to January 12, 1975).
- Oto Bihalji-Merin: The naive of the world . Rheingauer VG, Eltville 1986, ISBN 3-88102-071-3 (reprint of the Stuttgart 1971 edition).
- Volker Dallmeier: Naive art. Past and present . Bielefeld 1981 (catalog of the exhibition of the same name, Kulturhistorisches Museum, March 8 to May 10, 1981).
- Otto A. Ehlers: Sunday painter. The image of the simple heart . Self-published, Berlin 1956.
- Thomas Grochowiak : German naive art. Verlag Bongers, Recklinghausen 1976, ISBN 3-7647-0253-2 .
- Wilhelm Wartmann (collaborator): Les Maîtres populaires de la réalités . Salle Royale, Paris 1937 (catalog of the exhibition of the same name, Musée de Grenoble, November 4 to 28, 1937).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ The large art dictionary by PW Hartmann ; beyars.com
- ^ Hamburger Abendblatt - Hamburg: The villages of the painting farmers and fishermen . ( Abendblatt.de [accessed December 20, 2017]).
- ↑ Ruth Dirx: "When I work in the field, I see so many pictures": Painting - an exciting game . In: The time . November 21, 2012, ISSN 0044-2070 ( zeit.de [accessed December 20, 2017]).
- ↑ Exhibition | Slovak naive painting in Serbia. November 28, 2014, accessed December 20, 2017 .
- ↑ In memorijam Zuzana Halupova "| Local | 92.1 Info. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 22, 2017 ; retrieved on December 20, 2017 (sr-YU). Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet Checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Kovačica - Svaka kuća atelje. Retrieved August 8, 2018 (sr-Latn).
- ↑ Fenomen kovačičkog slikarstva istrajava - Hlas ljudu . In: Hlas ljudu . May 6, 2015 ( hl.rs [accessed on August 8, 2018]).
- ↑ MOJE SLIKE KUPOVALA JE PRINCEZA DAJANA: Ispovest naše slikarke iz Kovačice! (PHOTO) (VIDEO). Retrieved August 8, 2018 (Serbian).
- ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ http://www.naivnaumetnost.com/
- ↑ Glassrbije.org. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 22, 2017 ; accessed on December 24, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Srpska naivna umetnost na Malti | Kancelarija za saradnju sa dijasporom. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on December 22, 2017 ; Retrieved December 24, 2017 (sr-RS). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Website of the Musée d'Art Spontané
- ^ Website of the Art et Marges Musée
- ↑ website Madmusée
- ^ Website of the Museo Internacional de Arte Naïf de Brazil
- ↑ site of Galeria Jacques Ardies
- ^ Website of the Museum Haus Cajeth
- ^ Website of the Musée International d'Art Naïf Anatole Jakovsky
- ^ Website of the Musée d'art naïf de Vicq en Île-de-France
- ^ Website of the Gallery of International Naïve Art (gina)
- ^ Website of the Musée international d'art naïf de Magog
- ↑ site of Galerija naivne umjetnosti
- ↑ Website of the Galerie d'Art Naif ( Memento of the original from December 28, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Museum of Russian Lubok and Naive Art on the website www.russianmuseums.info
- ↑ Website of the Muzej Naivne i Marginalne Umetnosti ( Memento of the original from February 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Website of the gallery for naive art
- ↑ website of Anthony Petullo Collection of Self-Taught & Outsider Art
