Niko Pirosmani

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Niko Pirosmani

Niko Pirosmani , born as Nikolos Pirosmanaschwili ( Georgian ნიკო ფიროსმანი ; born ნიკოლოზ ასლანის ძე ფიროსმანაშვილი / Nikolos Aslanis dse Pirosmanaschwili , * 1862 in Mirsaani , Tbilisi Governorate , today Georgia ; † April 9, 1918 in Tbilisi ), was a Georgian painter. The autodidact painted scenes from Georgian folk life. Only after his death did his naive art find international recognition.

Life

Pirosmani's exact date of birth is unknown. He was the youngest of three children in a Kakheti farming family. The family owned a small vineyard, a few cows and oxen. After the death of his father in 1870, and soon after that of his mother, his sister brought him to Tbilisi. In 1872 he joined wealthy families as a domestic help, learned to read and write in Georgian and Russian , and taught himself to paint.

In 1890 he worked as a conductor on the Transcaucasian Railway , three years later he and a partner opened a dairy shop in Tbilisi .

The actress Margarita , 1909

He left the company around 1901 and lived homeless in the station district of Tbilisi. He made a living by painting pub signs and doing odd jobs. He exchanged his paintings in the bar for food, drink or a warm place to stay.

Pirosmani died on April 9, 1918 of malnutrition and liver failure. Before that, he had been sick and helpless in a cellar for three days. He was buried in the St. Nino Cemetery. The exact location of the grave is unknown due to lack of registration.

Services

Farmer with a bull (1916)

Pirosmani naively painted people from the countryside at work, partying, hunting and with their children. Portraits of historical personalities, prostitutes, still lifes , paintings of Georgian landscapes and animals were created. For him, colors and animals expressed moods and virtues. Depending on his financial situation, he painted in oil on canvas, cardboard or iron plates. One of the most famous pictures is the actress Margerita . It was aimed at the French singer Margot de Sèvres, who loved Pirosmani and showered him with flowers.

In 1912 he was discovered by the Russian futurists Kyrill and Ilja Zdanevič and Michail Le-Dantju. At an exhibition of naive painting in Moscow in January 1913, four of his paintings were presented to the public for the first time. The Georgian daily Temi reported on him.

In 1916, at the instigation of the art collector Dito Shevardnadze, he was invited to the Society of Fine Arts in Tbilisi. In the same year the brothers Kyrill and Ilya Zdanevič organized a comprehensive exhibition of Pirosmani's works in their parents' house in Tbilisi.

Posthumous appreciation

Pirosmani portrait on the front of the Georgian 1 Lari banknote
Pirosmani motif deer from 1913 on the reverse of the 1 Lari banknote

Pirosmani's art did not experience its international breakthrough until after his death. Alongside the French painter Henri Rousseau, art historians today consider him the most important exponent of naive painting . In 1972 Pablo Picasso drew a portrait of his Georgian colleague for a book publication. The UNESCO decided to declare 1996 the year Pirosmani.

The majority of his pictures hangs in the Georgian National Gallery in Tbilisi (Shota Rustaveli Gamsiri 11). Including the paintings Zecherei , The Actress Margerita , The Giraffe and Childless Rich and Child-Rich Poor . Further work can be found in u. a. in Batumi , Saint Petersburg and Moscow .

The city of Tbilisi erected a monument to him in 1975 in a green area on Gorgassalistraße.

In 2009, the Stuttgart Theater am Faden dedicated a play with characters from his pictures to Pirosmani.

Restaurants all over the world like here in Tbilisi are named after Pirosmani.

Niko Pirosmani portrait is on the front of the current Georgian 1-Lari - banknote displayed; the back is adorned with a deer he painted in 1913.

literature

  • Alfred Nutzmann: Niko Pirosmani . Henschelverlag, Berlin 1975
  • Erast Kuznetsov: Niko Pirosmani: 1862-1918 . Aurora-Kunstverlag, Leningrad 1983
  • Bice Curiger (Ed.): Signs and Miracles. Niko Pirosmani (1862-1918) and contemporary art . Cantz, Küsnacht / Ostfildern 1995 , ISBN 3-89322-710-5
  • Christiane Bauermeister, Ulrich Eckhardt : Niko Pirosmani: The Georgian painter 1862-1918 . Argon, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-87024-140-3
  • Pirosmani 1862-1818 . Musée des Beaux-Arts de Nantes, Edition MeMo, Nantes 1999, ISBN 2-910391-19-1

Movies

Web links

Commons : Niko Pirosmani  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Permanent Exhibition at the National Gallery , last accessed September 12, 2018.
personal data
SURNAME Pirosmani, Niko
ALTERNATIVE NAMES ფიროსმანი, ნიკო (Georgian); ფიროსმანაშვილი, ნიკოლოზ ასლანის ძე (Georgian, full name); Pirosmanashvili, Nikolos; Pirosmanashvili, Nikolos Aslanis dse (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Georgian painter
DATE OF BIRTH 1862
PLACE OF BIRTH Mirsaani , Tbilisi Governorate, now Georgia
DATE OF DEATH April 9, 1918
Place of death Tbilisi , Georgia