Guimarães

The title of this article is ambiguous. Further meanings are listed under Guimarães (disambiguation) .

Guimarães
coat of arms map
Basic data
Region :	Norte
Sub-region :	Ave
District :	Braga
Concelho :	Guimarães
Coordinates :	41 ° 27 ′  N , 8 ° 18 ′  W Coordinates: 41 ° 27 ′  N , 8 ° 18 ′  W
Residents:	158,088 (as of June 30, 2011)
Surface:	240.93 km² (as of January 1, 2010)
Population density :	656 inhabitants per km²
Postal code :	48xx
Guimarães county
flag map
Residents:	158,088 (as of June 30, 2011)
Surface:	240.93 km² (as of January 1, 2010)
Population density :	656 inhabitants per km²
Number of municipalities :	48
administration
Administration address:	Câmara Municipal de Guimarães Largo Cónego José Maria Gomes 4800-419 Guimarães
President of the Câmara Municipal:	António Magalhães da Silva ( PS )
Website:	www.cm-guimaraes.pt

Guimarães [ gimɐ'ɾɐ̃ĩʃ ] is a city in the north of Portugal in the Braga district . Here to Alfonso I (Afonso Henriques) , the first king of Portugal, being born, it is why the first capital of the country was and is considered the "cradle of the nation."

Guimarães was European Capital of Culture in 2012 (together with Maribor ) . The historic center of Guimarães is part of the World Heritage of UNESCO .

city

geography

Guimarães is located at the foot of the Serra da Penha , about 45 km northeast of Porto and 20 km southeast of Braga on the national road 101.

history

A rich Galician countess named Mumadona Dias is said to have built a monastery castle ( Castelo de Vimaranes ) here around 960 . Henry of Burgundy probably gave the city its first town charter in 1096 , but the document has not been preserved. Henry of Burgundy made Guimarães the capital of his county Portuguale in 1096 and had a castle built around the protective tower of the monastery, in which his son Alfonso I (Afonso Henriques) was born (probably) around 1109. With the battle of São Mamede on June 24, 1128, the Portuguese Countess Theresia , the mother of Alfonso, who wanted to oust her son from the succession in favor of her lover, was ousted. In 1139, after defeating the Moors in the Battle of Ourique , Alfons was proclaimed King of Portugal and initially made Guimarães the first capital of the young empire. In 1143 Castile recognized Portuguese independence in the Treaty of Zamora ; in the same year the capital was moved to Coimbra .

In the 15th century, the dukes of Bragança resided in Guimarães . In 1853 the previous small town ( Vila ) Guimarães was elevated to a city ( Cidade ).

Population development

Population of the city of Guimarães (1864–2001)
1864	1878	1890	1900	1911	1920	1930	1960	2001
7,568	7,980	8,611	9,104	9,550	9,023	9,541	23,233	52,182

Culture and sights

Guimarães was the Council of the European Union to the European Capital of Culture proclaimed 2012th Maribor in Slovenia was also the 2012 Capital of Culture.

Museums

In Guimarães there are mainly three museums of international cultural importance, the Museu Alberto Sampaio (sacred art), the Museu de Arte Primitiva Moderna (modern naive art) and the Museu da Socidedade Martins Sarmento .

Buildings

In terms of buildings and other sights, the historic old town, the Castelo and the churches Igreja do São Miguel do Castelo , Igreja Nossa Senhora da Oliveira and Igreja dos Santos Passos should be mentioned. The Paço dos Duques de Bragança and Palácio de Vila Flor palaces are also among the sights of Guimarães.

• Castelo: The old Romanesque castle was built in the middle of the 10th century on the orders of the Galician Countess Mumadona to protect the city and the monastery from the attacks of the Normans and Arabs . The son of Henry of Burgundy, who later became King Alfonso I , was born here in 1109. After the victory over the Arabs and the proclamation of the Kingdom of Portugal , an area between the Minho and Tejo rivers , he made Guimarães the first capital of Portugal in 1140. The keep ( Torre de Menagem ) has a height of 27 m. The castle complex is considered to be one of the best preserved Romanesque fortresses in Portugal. In the 1940s Salazar had the castle renovated. The enclosing walls are crenellated and tower-reinforced and enclose a relatively small triangular castle courtyard.
• The first Portuguese king Afonso I (Henriques) was baptized in 1111 in the nearby Capela São Miguel do Castelo from the beginning of the 12th century. Right at the entrance is a replica of the baptismal font, the original of which can be found today in the Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Oliveira . The sparse ornamentation and the only loopholes-sized windows create a somewhat gloomy impression. The many grave slabs that are embedded in the ground are worth seeing.

• 

  View in south direction over the city

• 

  View from the Castelo to the south, right in front the Capela , left behind the palace

• 

  Impression of the strength of the castle walls

• 

  Exterior view

• 

  Capela Sao Miguel do Castelo

• Paço Ducal (Paço dos Duques de Bragança) : The palace was built around 1420 by Afonso H. based on the French model in the Norman-Burgundian style and is one of the most magnificent aristocratic residences of the 15th century. On the occasion of the millennium, Salazar had the building converted into an official state residence in 1960.
• The monument of Afonso Henriques was created in 1887 by the sculptor António Soares dos Reis and is not far from the ducal palace.
• The Largo do Brasil is one of the most beautiful places in the city. At its southeast end is the baroque Igreja dos Santos Passos from 1769.
• The Basílica de São Pedro , begun in 1737, is located on Largo do Toural.

• 

  Paço Ducal

• 

  Paço Ducal

• 

  Monument to Afonso Henriques

• 

  Largo do Brasil, looking north-west

• 

  Igreja dos Santos-Passos

• A multitude of alleys, shops and convents make up the lovingly restored old town . Probably the most beautiful and oldest street in the city, the Rua de Santa Maria , leads from the castle and palace ensemble to the central square, the Largo da Oliveira ("Olive Tree Square ").
• The most important building on the Largo da Oliveira is the Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Oliveira . The countess Mumadona Dias had the monastery built here around 960, which was expanded from 1387 to 1393. The most important prior of the monastery was the later Pope John XXI.
• The Museo Alberto Sampaio has been housed in the cloister and other parts of the church since 1928 . It houses important exhibits from churches in the region.
• The Alpendre is a square Manueline-Gothic portico. He has stood in front of the west portal of the church since 1342.
• The former town hall ( antigos paços do conselho ) from the 14th century, renovated at the end of the 17th century, faces the Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Oliveira .

• 

  Street in the old town

• 

  Alpendre on the Largo da Oliveira

• 

  Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Oliveira

• 

  Inner courtyard of the Museo Alberto Sampaio , formerly the cloister

• 

  Former Town Hall ( antigos paços do conselho )

Regular events

• Since 1906 the "Gualterianas" in honor of St. Gualter have been held in the first week of August. The festivities include Cortejo do Linho (linen festival) and the Batalha das Flores (flower battle). The festival ends with a big procession.
• From November 29th to December 7th, the students of Guimaraes celebrate the "Nicolinas" in honor of St. Nicholas of Mira. The "Ceias Nicolinas" are particularly popular: after dinner in one of the city's restaurants, the participants march through the streets and sing the "Toques Nicolinos" on their drums.
• Every year on December 13th, the feast of Santa Luzia is celebrated at the Capela de Santa Luzia in Rua Francisco Agra. Traditionally, a special pastry is made from rye flour and sugar, the shapes of which clearly have sexual connotations. Young men in love gave the phallus-like pastries to their loved ones; when the affection was returned, the girl gave a little bird.
• The "Romaria Grande de Sao Torcato" takes place annually in July in the municipality of Sao Torcato and is considered the largest Romaria in the Minho region. There is a four-day celebration, including the procession in honor of St. Torcato.

economy

In Guimarães the textile and shoe industries predominate.

traffic

Since 1884 Guimarães has been connected to the Portuguese railway network via the Linha de Guimarães to Porto. The route, originally built in meter gauge , was switched to the Iberian broad gauge and electrified in 2004, just in time for the 2004 European Football Championship games in Guimarães . Since then, in addition to the Urbanos do Porto suburban trains, there have also been a pair of Intercidades trains to Lisbon .

Sports

In the Dom Afonso Henriques stadium of the Vitória Guimarães football club with 30,000 seats, some games of the 2004 European football championship were held.

Twin cities

Guimarães has the following ten city ​​partnerships and two collaborations:

city	country	since	Type
Brive-la-Gaillarde	Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France	1993	Twin town
Colonia del Sacramento	Colonia, Uruguay	2001	Twin town
Compiègne	Hauts-de-France, France	2006	Twin town
Dijon	Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, France	2016	Twin town
Igualada	Catalonia, Spain	1995	Twin town
Kaiserslautern	Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany	2000	Twin town
Kavadarci	Vardar, North Macedonia	2006	cooperation
Londrina	Paraná, Brazil	1987	Twin town
Mé-Zóchi	Sao Tome, Sao Tome and Principe	1989	Parish partnership
Montluçon	Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, France	2016	Twin town
Ribeira Grande de Santiago	Ilhas de Sotavento, Cape Verde	2007	Parish partnership
Rio de Janeiro	Brazil	1999	Twin town
Tacoronte	Canary Islands, Spain	1997	Twin town
Tourcoing	Hauts-de-France, France	1997	cooperation

sons and daughters of the town

• Alfonso I the Conqueror (1109–1185), first king of Portugal
• Gil Vicente (1465-1536), playwright
• Emídio Guerreiro (1899–2005), freedom fighter and anti-fascist
• Guilherme de Faria (1907-1929), poet
• Manuel Monteiro de Castro (* 1938), Vatican diplomat and cardinal to the Curia
• José de Guimarães (* 1939), visual artist
• Luís Marques Mendes (* 1957), lawyer and politician
• Aurora Cunha (* 1959), track and field athlete
• Dionísio Castro (* 1963), athlete
• Domingos Castro (* 1963), athlete
• Joaquim Sampaio (* 1970), racing cyclist
• Ricardo Fernandes (* 1978), football player
• Fernando Meira (* 1978), football player
• Alexandre Martins Costa (* 1979), football player
• Pedro Mendes (* 1979), football player
• César Peixoto (* 1980), football player
• Ana Dulce Félix (* 1982), athlete
• Custódio (born 1983), football player
• José Mendes (* 1985), racing cyclist
• Vieirinha (* 1986), football player
• Vítor Tiago de Freitas (* 1986), football player
• João Sousa (* 1989), tennis player
• André Preto (* 1993), soccer goalkeeper
• Rui Sousa Martins da Silva (* 1993), handball player
• André Almeida (* 2000), football player

circle

administration

Guimarães is the seat of the district of the same name ( concelho ) . The neighboring areas are (starting clockwise in the north) Póvoa de Lanhoso , Fafe , Felgueiras , Vizela , Lousada , Santo Tirso , Vila Nova de Famalicão and Braga .

With the regional reform in September 2013, several municipalities were merged into new municipalities, so that the number of municipalities decreased from 69 to 50.

The following municipalities ( Freguesias ) are in the Guimarães district:

Guimarães county

local community	Population (2011)	Area km²	Density of population / km²	LAU code
Abação e Gémeos	2,694	6.73	400	030875
Airão Santa Maria, Airão São João e Vermil	3,657	7.48	489	030876
Aldão	1,293	1.55	833	030801
Arosa e Castelões	809	5.52	146	030877
Atães e Rendufe	2,630	12.09	218	030878
Azurém	8,348	2.90	2,879	030804
Barco	1,510	3.02	501	030806
Briteiros Santo Estêvão e Donim	2,089	5.94	352	030879
Briteiros São Salvador e Briteiros Santa Leocádia	1,799	9.39	192	030880
Brito	4,939	5.90	837	030807
Caldelas	5,723	2.69	2.125	030808
Candoso São Tiago e Mascotelos	3,794	3.86	983	030881
Conde e Gandarela	2,452	3.64	673	030882
Costa	5,155	4.71	1,094	030812
Creixomil	9,641	3.01	3,206	030813
Fermentões	5,707	3.76	1,520	030815
Gonça	1,051	7.03	150	030820
Gondar	2,837	2.51	1,131	030821
Guardizela	2,474	3.98	622	030823
Infantas	1,764	6.49	272	030824
Leitões, Oleiros e Figueiredo	1,466	8.98	163	030883
Longos	1,372	7.24	190	030827
Lordelo	4,287	4.97	862	030828
Mesão Frio	4.173	4.13	1.010	030830
Moreira de Cónegos	4,853	4.72	1,027	030831
Nespereira	2,578	3.69	699	030832
Oliveira, São Paio e São Sebastião	8,137	1.55	5,233	030884
Pencelo	1,258	2.40	525	030835
Pinheiro	1,234	1.93	638	030836
Polvoreira	3,495	3.29	1,061	030837
Ponte	6,610	6.01	1,100	030838
Prazins Santo Tirso e Corvite	1,876	4.59	409	030885
Ronfe	4,462	5.02	889	030840
Sands of São Lourenço e Balazar	1,537	6.46	238	030886
Sands of Vila Nova e Sands of São Clemente	3,434	7.25	473	030887
Santa Eufémia de Prazins	1,221	2.23	546	030842
São Cristóvão de Selho	2,357	2.66	885	030850
Sao Jorge de Selho	5,729	5.20	1.101	030854
Sao Martinho de Candoso	1,340	2.21	607	030857
Sao Martinho de Sande	2,533	3.30	767	030858
São Torcato	3,373	10.39	325	030865
Selho São Lourenço e Gominhães	2,293	4.15	552	030888
Serzedo e Calvos	2,284	4.50	507	030889
Serzedo	3,630	5.14	706	030866
Silvares	2,282	4.49	508	030868
Souto Santa Maria, Souto São Salvador e Gondomar	2,096	13.87	151	030890
Tabuadelo e São Faustino	2,553	5.05	506	030891
Urgezes	5,259	3.31	1,587	030871
Guimarães county	158.088	240.93	656	0308

Population development

Population in Guimarães County (1801–2011)
1801	1849	1864	1878	1890	1900	1911	1920	1930	1940	1950	1960	1970	1981	1991	2001	2004	2008	2011
47,465	46,619	44,188	46,277	49,738	54,910	58,997	56,359	65,417	82.120	97.064	116.272	121,145	146,959	157,589	159,576	161,876	162,636	158.124

Municipal holiday

• June 24th

Web links

Commons : Guimarães  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website of the city (Portuguese)
• Homepage of the European Capital of Culture 2012 Guimarães (English version)
• Info page in German

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} www.ine.pt - indicator resident population by place of residence and sex; Decennial in the database of the Instituto Nacional de Estatística
2. ↑ ^{a b} Overview of code assignments from Freguesias on epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu
3. ↑ ^{a b c} Melanie Preisner, Bianca Dost, Lena Förster: Guimarães. Portuguese cultures of remembrance, TU Chemnitz, accessed on October 6, 2013.
4. ^ Regis St. Louis, Robert Landon: Lonely Planet Portugal . Lonely Planet, 2007, ISBN 978-1-74059-918-4 , pp. 404 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
5. ↑ tagesschau.de : Guimarães and Maribor will become cultural capitals
6. ^ Cidades ǀ Câmara Municipal de Guimarães. Retrieved August 17, 2019 . 
7. ↑ Guimarães website ( Memento of the original from November 27, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
8. ^ Publication of the administrative reorganization in the Diário da República gazette of January 28, 2013, accessed on March 16, 2014