Niederdollendorf

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Niederdollendorf
City of Koenigswinter
Coordinates: 50 ° 41 ′ 39 ″  N , 7 ° 10 ′ 44 ″  E
Height : 56  (52-60)  m
Residents : 3489  (Dec. 31, 2019)
Incorporation : 1st August 1969
Postal code : 53639
Area code : 02223
Niederdollendorf (North Rhine-Westphalia)
Niederdollendorf

Location of Niederdollendorf in North Rhine-Westphalia

Niederdollendorf is a district of the city of Königswinter in the Rhein-Sieg district in North Rhine-Westphalia . It is located on the right bank of the Rhine across from the Bad Godesberg district of Bonn and flows smoothly into the Oberdollendorf district . Niederdollendorf has around 3500 inhabitants.

geography

Niederdollendorf is located in the transition area from the Middle to the Lower Rhine opposite the Bad Godesberg districts of Plittersdorf and Rüngsdorf at the northwestern foot of the Siebengebirge . The village is partly flowing into Königswinter in the south and Oberdollendorf in the east and is located on a predominantly flat terrain in the Godesberg Rhine Valley funnel , the southern end of the Cologne Bay . Settlement Geographically located Niederdollendorf leaves the compression chamber assign Bonn. In the south-east, the district extends over the Kellerberg to the Petersberg and the northern half of its summit. To the east of the current route of the federal road, the Heisterberg house ("Pfaffenröttchen") is located on the Kellerberg . There are three vineyards in the Petersberg area : Goldfüßchen , Heisterberg , Longenburgerberg . The Heisterberg site is currently being managed.

The Rhine has been regulated at Niederdollendorf since 1887 by seven groynes extending about 100 m into the river .

Franconian tombstone from Niederdollendorf

history

In 1901, a Franconian tombstone from the 7th century was found on the site of a brickworks in Niederdollendorf . Dollendorf was first mentioned in 966 by Emperor Otto I as Dullendorp . In a document from 1144, a distinction was made between Oberdollendorf and Niederdollendorf for the first time . Since 1306 lay judges of the court in Dollendorf are proven. The most important landlord in Niederdollendorf was the Heisterbach monastery .

St. Michael

From 1555 at the latest, Niederdollendorf was an honor and parish in the Bergisches Amt Löwenburg . The outlying district Gut Pfaffenröttchen also belonged to the Niederdollendorf Honors, and the Heisterbacherrott Honors to the parish . The parish was created by a so-called. Markgedinge managed to which the original six free courtyards of the village jury seconded: the Juffernhof or Fronhof the pin Vilich , the priory of the monastery Heisterbach which Propsthof the provost in Oberpleis , the court Longenburg the Bonn Cassius Abbey , the Bredershof of the Junker Breder and a courtyard of the St. Gereon Abbey in Cologne . Until the dissolution of the Duchy of Berg in 1806, the parish belonged to the court (lower court of the Office Löwenburg) and Botamt Dollendorf with its seat in Oberdollendorf.

At the end of the First World War , the German troops laid a pontoon bridge on November 23, 1918 as part of the clearing of the left bank of the Rhine near Niederdollendorf . After their withdrawal from the Oberkassel area as part of the bridgehead around Cologne, Canadian occupation troops (6th Infantry Brigade ) under the British flag with a strength of 235 men, 20 officers and 30 horses moved up to Niederdollendorf on December 13th . After it turned out that the community had been mistakenly assigned to the occupied bridgehead, the occupying troops left Niederdollendorf on December 31, 1918, which from then on belonged to the unoccupied area in the Rhineland (1923/24 "burglary area"). During the Second World War , at the beginning of May 1940, a flak stand was set up on the roof of the Rheinhotel Buchheister at the corner of Rheinstrasse and Adolf-Hitler-Ufer. A bombing raid on the region during the Allied air war on the night of November 7th to 8th, 1941 mainly affected the factories for refractory products, Didier works and the Rheinischer Vulkan in Niederdollendorf. On April 22, 1944, three people died in Niederdollendorf in the heaviest air raid on the Siebengebirge region. On September 8, 1944, incendiary bombs were dropped on the site and again on the industrial facilities on September 22. On March 18, 1945, American combat troops took Niederdollendorf without a fight. Towards the end of the war in the spring of 1945 there was again a pontoon bridge over the Rhine between Niederdollendorf and Bad Godesberg, the Hodges Bridge .

From 1816 to 1969 the municipality of Niederdollendorf was part of the Oberkassel mayor (renamed Amt Oberkassel in 1927) in the Siegkreis . From 1949 to 1955 it also belonged to the Bonn enclave , a special area under the Allied High Commission around the provisional seat of government of the Federal Republic of Germany. With the municipal reorganization of the Bonn area , the municipality was added to the new town of Königswinter on August 1, 1969. The mayor of Niederdollendorf, Franz Riscop, had previously spoken out in favor of incorporation into the previously independent town of Bad Godesberg with the consent of the local council - among other things because of the jointly operated Rhine ferry .

The tower of the Catholic parish church of St. Michael dates from the beginning of the 13th century, the nave was rebuilt in 1910 in the neo-Gothic style for an extension and to repair water damage , and the previous nave was then demolished. The churchyard in place of today's nave served as the Catholic burial place of Niederdollendorf ; In 1881 a new cemetery (corner of Friedenstrasse / Petersbergstrasse) was laid outside the village on the eastern edge of the district, so that the last burial took place at the previous cemetery in 1883.

In 1967 Niederdollendorf had 3,059 inhabitants, 22 of whom worked in agriculture and forestry, 571 in manufacturing and 347 in the service sector. 690 outbound commuters were compared to 736 inbound commuters. 519 people were employed in 3 industrial companies. In 1967 there were public facilities: a primary school, a sports field, a kindergarten and a library. At the end of the 1960s, Niederdollendorf lost its old town center when the rectory and the former courtyard of the Vilich Abbey (1968) in front of the church were demolished for road construction; In addition, the Heisterbacher Strasse lost the character of an avenue when it was expanded . In 1968 a comprehensive expansion of the Niederdollendorfer bank of the Rhine between the landing stage of the Rhine ferry to Bad Godesberg and the then southern municipality border to Königswinter was initiated. The pedestrian zone was expanded to a road that was previously open to the public and the Rhine promenade at the ferry pier was concreted. In the following period, the banks of the Rhine lost through the extensive renovation of the former Rhein hotels and the demolition of the villa "Magneta" much of his earlier form, until 2005 with the last listed Hotel Rheineck also the last building from the period after the turn of the century a new development for Victim fell.

Population development

year Residents
1816 395
1843 472
1871 569
1905 1,183
1961 2,789

Longenburg

Longenburg (before 1907)

The estate first appeared as Lunenburg in a document from 1275, named after the long mountain , an elongated mountain ridge (today Kellerberg / Kapp) between the Rhine Valley and Petersberg. The first verifiable owner of the farm was the knight Godart van Lomer (Lohmar) in 1407. In 1689 the troops of Louis XIV destroyed the castle, which was rebuilt from 1698 onwards. The manor house with two round towers on the eastern corners dates back to this time . The administrative seat of the mayor's office in Oberkassel (from 1816) was not in Oberkassel until 1844, but on the Longenburg, where the first mayor resided until his death. In 1885, the Longenburg residential area had 17 residents in one residential building. In 1888 the south wing was built in the form of a hall with a wooden support structure. In 1920 the moat was filled in. On 22./24. In April 1944, the manor house suffered a direct bombing in the Allied air war : the northern tower and the rooms behind it were destroyed, and the masonry and roof were also damaged. As early as autumn 1944, the northern gable side was closed in brick and an emergency roof was installed. In 1952 Paul Lemmerz acquired the castle, which was badly damaged by the effects of the war. In 1958, an application was made to demolish it and it began in 1962 to expand the Lemmerzwerke company premises.

Economy and Infrastructure

Agriculture and viticulture dominated until well into the 19th century. Today's Landesstraße 268 was built in 1853–1855 as a connecting road "Niederdollendorf - Oberpleis - Eudenbach - Buchholz - Kircheib " from the Rhine to the old " Köln-Frankfurter Straße " (today's Bundesstraße 8 ). In the second half of the 19th century, factories were set up producing refractory bricks. One of these has survived to this day. Today Niederdollendorf's economy is dominated by the businesses in the Im Mühlenbruch industrial estate . The largest of these is Dinova, which until 2000 was a subsidiary of Didier-Werke , which produces emulsion paints .

traffic

Niederdollendorf train station

Niederdollendorf is connected to the federal highway 42 , which merges into the A 59 airport motorway in the neighboring Oberkassel district of Bonn . A special feature is that the B 42 separates the districts of Niederdollendorf and Oberdollendorf from one another in large parts. In order to be able to travel between the city districts, however, you don't have to go over a bridge everywhere, as a 610 meter long tunnel crosses the city area. The Siebengebirgsbahn also runs through this tunnel , whose tram line 66 leads via Bonn to Siegburg and in the direction of Bad Honnef. To the north of the structure, the federal road runs a few meters below the surface of the earth and then merges into the Oberkassel tunnel , which was being built at the same time .

High-speed car ferry Bad Godesberg – Niederdollendorf

Roads were relocated, demolished and separated from each other, and tunnels and bridges were built for the construction of the motorway-like federal highway. The structure with all the measures that followed was very expensive due to its complexity.

The Niederdollendorf station is located on the right Rhine line . The Heisterbacher Talbahn , which was gradually shut down between 1940 and 1950 , ended there.

The Bad Godesberg – Niederdollendorf ferry crossing the Rhine , whose history dates back to 1908, is of great importance for traffic in Niederdollendorf . It currently includes two ferries ( Christophorus and Konrad Adenauer ) from 1966 and 1967. The ferry company is jointly supported by the cities of Bonn (three quarters) and Königswinter (one quarter).

Attractions

In the former town center around the parish church of St. Michael and the former market square (also called "high market"), consisting of a row village with closed streets, part of the historical development has been preserved. While the original, small - scale half - timbered buildings can still be found there on Rheinstrasse as one of the slightly sloping lanes leading to the Rhine , there are still some stately half-timbered buildings from the 17th and 18th centuries on the main street opposite the parish church. The southern part of the main street is characterized by brick and plastered buildings from the beginning of the 20th century, one of the historic Niederdollendorf wineries, the Bredershof, has been preserved there. On the banks of the Rhine is one of the few remaining myriameter stones from the first current measurement from 1863/67.

In the area of ​​the banks of the Rhine between Niederdollendorf and Königswinter there are some late Classicist villas from the second half of the 19th century in a suburban country house style ("country villas"), interspersed with extensive parks . They form - also as a contrast to the more representative urban villas on the left bank of the Rhine, Bad Godesberg - a significant ensemble for the development of landscape- related architecture and can be attributed to the style influenced by Schinkel .

The circle of Heimatfreunde Niederdollendorf e. V. shows pictures and objects from the history of Niederdollendorf and its surroundings such as Longenburg, Petersberg, Heisterbach, viticulture and agriculture, navigation on the Rhine, ferry services and much more in his home parlor. The Heimatstube can be reached from Petersbergstrasse and Friedenstrasse (schoolyard) and is open on the first Sunday of each month from 10 a.m. to 12.30 p.m.

  • Myriameter stone on the banks of the Rhine

  • Country villa Rheinau between Königswinter and Niederdollendorf

  • Protestant church

Personalities

See also

literature

  • Ferdinand Schmitz : The Mark Dollendorf . Bergisch Gladbach 1925.
  • Willi Schäferdiek: 1000 years of Dollendorf - the thousand year old Dollendorf - reflections on the millennium of the Rhine communities of Ober- and Niederdollendorf . Published by the municipalities of Oberdollendorf and Niederdollendorf in 1966.
  • Heinrich Neu: Nieder- and Oberdollendorf in the last century and a half . Oberdollendorf 1972.
  • Heimatverein Oberdollendorf and Römlinghoven eV and Kreis der Heimatfreunde Niederdollendorf eV (ed.): That's how it was once in Oberdollendorf, Niederdollendorf, Heisterbach and Römlinghoven . Königswinter 1983.
  • Jean Assenmacher: Dolldep on Dolldep eat two different smirk poems . 1985. 2nd edition 1991.
  • Jean Assenmacher: Jodokus thinks - Amanda directs - the experiences of a Rhenish couple . 1991.
  • Jean Assenmacher: We children from yesterday - cheerful memories of humble times . 1992. 2nd edition 1994.
  • Jean Assenmacher: My little world - declaration of love to a city (Königswinter) . 1994.
  • Heimatverein Oberdollendorf und Römlinghoven eV (ed.): Memory of a Confused Time (Part 1) Nieder- and Oberdollendorf citizens look back on the war and post-war years . Königswinter 1996.
  • Heimatverein Oberdollendorf und Römlinghoven eV (ed.): Memory of a Confused Time (Part 2) Nieder- and Oberdollendorf citizens look back on the war and post-war years . Königswinter 2001.
  • Karl Josef Klöhs: Imperial weather on the Siebengebirge . Edition Loge 7, Königswinter 2003.
  • F. Wilhelm Gassen, Kreis der Heimatfreunde Niederdollendorf eV: Niederdollendorf: a journey through time of the local history (= City of Königswinter, The Mayor: Königswinter in the past and present . Issue 11). Königswinter 2008, ISBN 978-3-932436-13-0 .
  • Heimatverein Oberdollendorf and Römlinghoven eV (ed.); Dieter Mechlinski: The Secret Government Councilor Ottmar Edwin Strauss - Biography of a forgotten fellow citizen of Königswinter . 6th, greatly expanded edition, Königswinter 2010.
  • Heimatverein Oberdollendorf and Römlinghoven eV (ed.): Cooking like back then - Old Dollendorfer recipes - A home-made cooking pleasure . Collected by Sylvie Kummerhoff, Königswinter 2015.

Web links

Commons : Niederdollendorf  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ without secondary residences ; Population statistics of the city of Königswinter (PDF)
  2. ^ Robert Jasmund: The work of the Rheinstrom-Bauverwaltung 1851-1900. Hall aS 1900, p. 106/107 (PDF; 1.3 MB)
  3. ^ A b Paul Kieras (Ed.): The Rhein-Sieg-Kreis. Stuttgart 1983, p. 276.
  4. ↑ W. Harleß: Inquiry about the court constitution in the Duchy of Berg from the year 1555. In: Journal of the Bergisches Geschichtsverein. Volume 20, year 1884, Bonn 1885, p. 123.
  5. ^ Ferdinand Schmitz: The Mark Dollendorf. Bergisch Gladbach 1925, pp. 46/47.
  6. ^ Wilhelm Fabricius : Explanations of the historical atlas of the Rhine province. 5th volume, Bonn 1898, p. 315.
  7. ↑ City of Königswinter (ed.), F. Wilhelm Gassen: Niederdollendorf - A journey through time from the local history. 1st edition, Königswinter 2008, ISBN 978-3-932436-13-0 , p. 31/32.
  8. ↑ a b c d e Ansgar Sebastian Klein : Rise and rule of National Socialism in the Siebengebirge . Klartext Verlag, Essen 2008, ISBN 978-3-89861-915-8 . (also dissertation University of Bonn, 2007)
  9. ↑ Martin Bünermann: The communities of the first reorganization program in North Rhine-Westphalia . Deutscher Gemeindeverlag, Cologne 1970, p. 84 .
  10. ^ Franz Möller : The Rhein-Sieg-Kreis in the area of ​​tension between federal and state. Rheinlandia Verlag, Siegburg 2006, ISBN 3-938535-20-2 , p. 67.
  11. ↑ Norbert Schloßmacher ; Rheinischer Verein für Denkmalpflege und Landschaftsschutz (Ed.): Rheinische Kunststätten . Catholic churches in the valley area of ​​the city of Koenigswinter. Booklet 411, 1st edition, Neusser Druckerei und Verlag, Cologne 1995, ISBN 3-88094-787-2 , p. 19.
  12. ↑ a b c Angelika Schyma : City of Königswinter. (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , monuments in the Rhineland. Volume 23.5.) Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1992, ISBN 3-7927-1200-8 .
  13. ↑ Ursel and Jürgen Zänker: Building in Bonn room 49-69. Attempt to take stock . In: Landschaftsverband Rheinland (Hrsg.): Art and antiquity on the Rhine . Guide to the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn . No. 21 . Rheinland-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1969, p. 209 .
  14. ↑ Census results from 1816 to 1970 of the cities and municipalities. Contributions to the statistics of the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, vol. 17. Siegburg 1980, pp. 62–63.
  15. ↑ a b c d War fates of German architecture. Loss - damage - reconstruction. Documentation for the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany. Volume 1: North. Karl Wachholtz Verlag, Neumünster 1988, ISBN 3-529-02685-9 , pp. 386 and 614.
  16. ^ The forgotten castle , Circle of Heimatfreunde Niederdollendorf
  17. ^ Community encyclopedia for the Kingdom of Prussia. Volume XII Province of Rhineland. Publishing house of the Royal Statistical Bureau (Ed.), 1888, p. 118 ( Online digitalis.uni-koeln.de )
  18. ↑ Karl Josef Klöhs: The Forgotten Castle ( Memento from November 28, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 658 kB). In: rheinkiesel. Magazine for the Rhine and the Siebengebirge. 6th year, December 2002, pp. 14/15.
  19. ↑ Helmut Weinand: The Prussian district roads in the Koblenz administrative district until 1876 . Bonn 1971, pp. 157–158.
  20. ↑ Angelika Schyma : City of Königswinter. (= Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany , Monuments in the Rhineland , Volume 23.5.) Rheinland-Verlag, Cologne 1992, ISBN 3-7927-1200-8 , pp. 45/46.