Heinrich Reifferscheid (painter)
Heinrich Reifferscheid (born January 3, 1872 in Breslau , † April 8, 1945 in Niederdollendorf ) was a German painter.
Life
Heinrich Reifferscheid was a son of the professor for classical philology August Reifferscheid and his wife Anna Maria, geb. Simrock. In 1868 his father accepted a professorship at the Silesian Friedrich Wilhelms University in Breslau. In 1869 the father married Anna Maria Simrock (1846–1905) in Bonn, daughter of the poet and philologist Professor Karl Joseph Simrock (1802–1876) and his wife Gertrude Antoinette Ostler (1804–1872).
Heinrich Reifferscheid's godfather was Herman Grimm (1828–1901), son of Wilhelm Grimm (1786–1859), one of the Brothers Grimm . His grandparents were the master turner Heinrich Reifferscheid (1805-1884) and Maria Sibilla Odilia Scheuren (1813-1891). His great-grandfather was the "breakdown baker" Stephan Reifferscheidt (1759-1825) from Rheinbreitbach , who was married to Anna Katharina Stockhausen. His maternal grandfather was the German scholar Karl Simrock in whose house in the - Bad Honnef local situation Menzenberg he lived until 1912 - his maternal great-grandfather Nikolaus Simrock was a distant relative and close friend of Ludwig van Beethoven .
After the father's sudden cardiac death in 1887, the family returned from Breslau to Bonn. In the Bonn address book from 1887, the widow Reifferscheid is listed at 19 Endersicher Strasse. Heinrich attended the Royal High School in Bonn ; later he studied art history at the University of Bonn and architecture at the Technical University in Berlin-Charlottenburg . After starting his artistic training at the State Art Academy in Berlin , he switched to the Art Academy in Munich in 1892 because he was able to specialize in landscape painting. His teachers there included Gabriel Hackl , Peter Halm , Emil Lugo and Albert Lang . In Munich he befriends the painters Hans Thoma (1839–1924) and Edmund Steppes (1873–1968) as well as the art historian Joseph August Beringer (1862–1937).
In between he was drawn back to his beloved Rhineland, his artistic home. His first works show views from his home environment. Created with the finest tools, whether a needle, pen or brush, the smallest details were just as important to him as the moods that shape him in his environment. These moods surround the portraits of the personalities represented by Heinrich Reifferscheid in particular. Study trips took him from 1894 to 1896 to the Swabian Alb and the Danube Valley . He became a member of the Berlin Secession , founded in 1898, and exhibited together with Lovis Corinth , Käthe Kollwitz , Walter Leistikow , Max Liebermann , Max Slevogt and Anders Zorn . He was also in contact with Hans Thoma , Edmund Steppes and Joseph August Beringer . In the 1903 competition for original etchings published by EA Seemann , he won first prize ahead of Karl Hofer , Marie Stein and Martha Cunz . The results of the competition were published in the Kunstchronik of 1903/04.
Heinrich Reifferscheid married Margarethe von Neufforge (1887–1965), daughter of the first chief physician of the St. Marien Hospital in Mülheim / Ruhr Dr. med. Josef Mathias Freiherr von Neufforge (1839-1894) and his wife Rosalie Maria Magdalena Dorandt, and with her they had the sons Gerhard and Martin Reifferscheid . Margarethes cousin Ferdinand Freiherr von Neufforge (1869-1942) was married to Hedwig Thyssen (1878-1960), the daughter of the founder of the Thyssen concern August Thyssen (1842-1926). The roots of the von Neufforge family, in the old form de la Neuve Forge, lay in Belgium, where they set up an iron foundry and forge near Harzè in the 14th century, which established the family's wealth. The family later split into two lines, one of which went via Luxembourg to Neuerburg in the Eifel and from there spread throughout Germany.
A special feature of his work are his dedication sheets, which he dedicated to Eduard Mörike and Adalbert Stifter in 1901 , Annette von Droste-Hülshoff and Theodor Storm in 1903 , Percy Bysshe Shelley in 1909 and Albert Welti in 1914 . He put the traits of the poets into the picture: the divided soul of Hölderlin, sinking in derision or the poetry of the trees touching the sky of Stifter's high forest . In the collaged dedication sheet to Storm Reifferscheid cited the landscape with the three trees etched by Rembrandt in 1643 .
Peter Behrens (1868–1940), Munich painter and Secession colleague of Heinrich Reifferscheid, was appointed director of the Düsseldorf School of Applied Arts in 1903 . Reifferscheid followed him in 1904 and was head of the state drawing teacher seminar until 1909. In 1904 he was a member of the jury of the Berlin Secession. In 1907 he inherited his grandfather's Parzival house on the Menzenberg after long disputes over inheritance. As a child he had already started to immortalize Haus Parzival, the study of his grandfather Karl Simrock, the surroundings and the people who lived there in his drawings and paintings. When he received the call to Berlin in 1911, he sold the property with a heavy heart to Pastor Richard Reinhardt. He wanted to donate the furniture to the city of Honnef, which, however, did not even respond to his donation offer. So he took the inventory with him. Some pieces are now in the Bonn City Museum.
In 1911 he became a professor at the State Art School of the Art Academy in Berlin. A year later, his first trip to Italy took him to Venice and the lakes of northern Italy. In 1915 he was one of the representatives of the Berlin Secession at the World Exhibition in San Francisco . In 1922 he exhibited together with Wilhelm Leibl , Fritz Böhle and others in the Munich Association for Original Etching . In the years 1924 to 1928 he stayed several times for study purposes and to paint in the Allgäu , where he lived near Probstried . From 1926 to 1933 he was a professor at the Staatl. Art school at the Berlin Art Academy. He completed his second trip to Italy in 1930 as a fellow at the Villa Massimo in Rome . In 1933 he became a professor at the Düsseldorf Art Academy . He held this office until 1937. The third trip to Italy in 1932 fell at this time. At the Paris World Exhibition in 1937 Reifferscheid was honored with a medal.
In his last years Reifferscheid mainly dealt artistically with the subject of the Rhine and Rhineland regions. At that time he lived in his "house in the vineyard" in Niederdollendorf, which is now part of Königswinter . The Königswinterer Strasse, on which his house stood, was later renamed Bergstrasse. A memorial stone in front of this house, which Reifferscheid's son Gerhard had erected, commemorates the painter.
Heinrich Reifferscheid was a member of the German Association of Artists .
The Clouthsche Hof
Heinrich Reifferscheid and his grandfather Karl Simrock and his business friends were often guests at Clouthschen Hof, later also called Hotel Clouth or Rheinbreitbacher Hof. His uncle Alexander Reifferscheid also frequented his family and friends here. Until secularization it was a farm belonging to the Cologne monastery of St. Lucia in Filzengraben. From 1731 the mountain manager Anton Clouth rented the farm, which was run by the Clouth family until around 1850. Then the inn was renamed Rheinbreitbacher Hof.
From 1900 to 1915 Julian Nicolaus Conrad Wenslawiak from Gdansk and his wife Hedwig Catharina Frießen from Rheinbreitbach were the tenants. Heinrich Reifferscheid portrayed their daughter Paula Josephine Hewig Wenslawiak in oil on wood.
Heinrich's grandfather Karl Simrock (1838–1841) often invited business friends and friends to the inn. The “Maikäferbund”, a literary circle, also met here. Simrock had christened the inn “To the Irritable” after Wilhelmine Clouth (1821–1897), one of the daughters of the house, who led the friends upstairs, showed them out of the window and said, “It is not an irritable area? ”the prospect had touted.
With his friend Ferdinand Freiligrath (1810–1876), writer and poet, and the painter Carl Schlickum (1808–1869), Simrock often hiked up to Menzenberg, where Simrock had his winery and where they discussed their book projects together. Heinrich Reifferscheid immortalized the Parzival house on the Menzenberg and his grandfather's study in etchings. In 1853, Karl Simrock recommended Herman Grimm , the eldest son of Wilhelm and Dorothea Grimm (1795–1867), the Clouthschen Hof as summer quarters for the family.
It is said that Wilhelm Grimm , Heinrich Reifferscheid's godfather, used to dine with his guests in the inn at the head of the table. At dessert, the two dachshunds Tell and Waldau were allowed to sit on his knees and eat small delicacies. The Grimms felt at home in this rural area. Hermann Grimm, the famous art historian and professor at Berlin University later lived on the main street of the village in the Hubertus house with two corner towers. Auguste Grimm, his sister, had bought a half-timbered house from the innkeeper Wilhelm Clouth on the Zickelburg plateau, but it was destroyed by fire before she could move into it.
The Menzenberg
Heinrich Reifferscheid painted his earliest oil painting "Woman on Meadow" in 1890 on the Menzenberg. Here, about 3 km southeast of Bad Honnef, his grandfather Karl Simrock had built the Parzival house from 1837 on the foundations of an old Minorite winery. Heinrich Reifferscheid stayed here often and gladly and was obviously strongly inspired by the place, the people and the surroundings in his first works. His first pencil drawing “Mama” from 1891, one of his first etchings “Menzenberger Park” from 1898, his first watercolor “Menzenberger Park” from 1899 and many other works were created here.
His painting “Evening in Menzenberg” reflects exactly the mood that often impressed his grandfather and his friends so much. Heinrich Reifferscheid's great-grandfather Nikolaus Simrock had bought the land and the wineries on the Menzenberg. As a French horn player in the electoral chapel, obtaining the sheet music was one of his tasks. In the course of time he had built up the flourishing Simrock music trade and made a fortune with it.
From around 1820 he bought what was only available in terms of land: the Wicheishof in Bonn, the Frohnhof in Niederbachem, which includes five smaller wineries, four houses in Bonn's Maargasse and Bonngasse, and more than 20 large estates in Poppelsdorf, Kessenich and other (then still independent) districts of Bonn. The Simrock sales list, which was completed in 1838, shows 86 properties that were acquired between 1827 and 1830, almost all of them in corridors 27, 28 and 29, i.e. the area around Hagerhof, Zickelburg and Menzenberg. This also included two wineries in Menzenberg, the “Reuschische” and the “Neunkirch'sche”, named after the tenants.
His heirs sold most of the huge estate. Heinrich Reifferscheid's grandfather Karl Simrock had taken on the task of auctioning off the property on Menzenberg. In the auction in 1832 in the “home of the innkeeper Michael Velt in Königswinter”, all bids “remained under Thaxe, so the requisitioners declared that they could not accept the bid and that they would hereby cancel the meeting”. After the unsuccessful auction, the heirs decided two years later to divide the inheritance into lots by the Royal Prussian notary Carl Eilender.
Karl Simrock drew the fifth lot, house no. 39 in Maargasse in Bonn, plus an abundance of individual lands in the then still independent communities around Bonn. The lots of the two wineries are bought by Mrs. Elise, born in Paris with her husband Marcus Magnier. Simrock and Mrs. Elisabeth born with her husband Joseph Anton Martin in Dunkirk. Simrock pulled. The new owners had little luck with this, as the tenants were heavily indebted, generated no income and paid no rent. After further unsuccessful sales attempts, Karl Simrock acquired the remains of the Neunkirch winery on Menzenberg in 1834 for 2,367 Thaler Prussian courants. He later sold six seventh of the area and put the proceeds into the "Parzival House", which he and his family moved into in 1840.
Karl Simrock's research into German legends about Dietrich von Bern or Wieland the blacksmith, his translation of the Nibelungenlied and his “German folk books” provided Heinrich Reifferscheid with additional inspiration for the picturesque landscapes and personalities around the Menzenberg.
Works in exhibitions and public collections
In 2007/08 an exhibition entitled "Heinrich Reifferscheid 1872–1945 - Etchings 1899–1909" was shown in the Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Haus in Bonn. His estate is looked after by his descendants. About 2000 works by Heinrich Reifferscheid are known, including around 660 etchings. You can find them in the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam , the Kunsthalle Bielefeld , the Rheinisches Landesmuseum Bonn , the Kunstmuseum Bonn , the Hungarian National Gallery Budapest , the Dresden State Art Collections , the City Museum Düsseldorf , the Museum Kunstpalast Düsseldorf, the Museum Folkwang in Essen, the Karl Ernst Osthaus-Museum Hagen , in the Hamburger Kunsthalle , in the Storm Museum Husum , the Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe , in the Brückenhofmuseum Königswinter, in the Siebengebirgsmuseum Königswinter, in the Krefeld Kunstmuseum , in the German Literature Archive Marbach , the State Graphic Collection Munich , the Droste-Museum Münster , the Stadtmuseum Oldenburg , the Staatsgalerie Stuttgart , in the Hölderlinturm Tübingen, in the art collections in Weimar and in the museum in the Kulturspeicher Würzburg.
Bad Honnefer emergency money
After the First World War (1914–1918) and before the hyperinflation in 1923, change was scarce in Germany because silver coins were hoarded whose silver value was higher than the face value. Cities and municipalities covered the increasing need for change with their own spending of emergency money. In 1921 Heinrich Reifferscheid and Wilhelm Redeligx designed emergency money for Bad Honnef . They used the seven questions of the seven dwarfs from the Snow White fairy tale - presumably not only because the location of the village on the Siebengebirge suggested this decision, but also because a godfather of Reifferscheid's Wilhelm Grimms son was Herman Grimm . Wilhelm Grimm was close friends with Karl Simrock .
Heinrich Reifferscheid created five drafts:
50 Pfg. Front: Who sat on my little chair? Image: Honschaft Mühlheim
50 Pfg. Front: Who ate from my plate? Image: Honschaft Beuel u. Selhof
50 Pfg. Front: Who broke my bun? Image: Honschaft Rommersdorf
99 Pfg. Front: Who drank from my cup? Image: Löwenburg in the age of knights
99 Pfg. Front: Who cut with my knife? Image: Karl Simrock's house
A valuable family property: Ries' fortepiano
In an article on the centenary of the death of Ludwig van Beethoven , Reifferscheid reported on the fate of a fortepiano that Nikolaus Simrock had inherited from Ferdinand Ries and which was played by numerous famous guests of the Reifferscheid-Simrock family. The instrument is now on permanent loan in the Bonn City Museum.
The fortepiano was a special treasure that was treasured and preserved in the Reifferscheid family. It belonged to the composer, pianist and orchestra leader Ferdinand Ries (1784–1838), Ludwig van Beethoven's only pupil. He had lived in the neighborhood of Nikolaus Simmrock on Bonngasse in Bonn and bequeathed the fortepiano to him. Numerous other musicians from the Electoral Court Orchestra lived in this area, including the van Beethoven family. Before the electoral court orchestra was dissolved, Nikolaus Simmrock was employed there as a horn player and had also instructed Ludwig van Beethoven in this instrument.
Karl Simrock, Heinrich Reifferscheid's grandfather, inherited the fortepiano from his father and gave it a special place in his music room. When famous musicians such as Johannes Brahms (1833-1897), Joseph Joachim (1831-1907), Robert Schumann (1810-1856) or the singing teacher Julius Stockhausen (1826-1906) were guests, then music was often played together. Joachim played the violin and was accompanied on the fortepiano.
Gustel and Herrmann Grimm, children of Wilhelm Grimm (1786–1859), also loved playing the fortepiano when they were guests of the Reifferscheids in the Parzival house on Menzeberg. Heinrich Reifferscheid remembered in an essay on the occasion of Beethoven's 100th birthday: "Many of Haydn's and Mozart's sonatas rang out from their playing, and many a minuet let the youth of the house spin in the dance on summery days."
The daughter Kate Kroeker of his close friend Ferdinand Freiligrath (1810–1876), who lived in London, came to the Beethoven festivals held at Reifferscheid, as did Alexander Wheelock Thayer (1817–1897), the famous Beethoven researcher and biographer . You and many other famous guests enjoyed the sound of the old hammer piano, which the master himself may have played on.
The "Hermann"
Heinrich Reifferscheid inherited the "Hermann" from his grandfather Karl Simrock. The "Hermann" was a wonderful writing cabinet that the widow of the Cologne art collector Sulpiz Boisseree had given to Simrock as a friend of old. He is said to have received the name "Hermann" due to its origins in the house of Hermann von Fallersleben. Sulpiz Boisseree worked at this desk and wrote his letters to the art lover Goethe. Karl Simrock worked on this writing cabinet and Heinrich Reifferscheid may have made some of his drawings and etchings on it.
However, the piece of furniture offers much more than a work surface. A turned column is rotatable and reveals a secret compartment. One shelf can be folded aside, the right foot can be opened and dozens of other secret compartments are hidden behind similar mechanisms. “Hermann”, the mysterious and historical writing cabinet, can be admired today in the Bonn City Museum, after the Honnef officials failed to answer a donation offer from Reifferscheid.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Karl Günter Werber : Honnefer walks . 2nd revised edition. Verlag Buchhandlung Werber, Bad Honnef 2002, ISBN 3-8311-2913-4 , p. 102 .
- ↑ kuenstlerbund.de: Full members of the Deutscher Künstlerbund since it was founded in 1903 / Reifferscheid, Heinrich ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on December 16, 2015)
- ↑ Biographical information on Reifferscheid ( Memento of the original from April 23, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Article on the exhibition in the Bonner General-Anzeiger
- ↑ Notgeld ( Memento of the original from May 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Reifferscheid's article on the Ries hammer piano
- ↑ The whereabouts of the fortepiano
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Reifferscheid, Heinrich |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Reifferscheid, Karl Wilhelm Heinrich; Reifferscheid, Heinrich Karl Wilhelm |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German painter and etcher |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 3, 1872 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Wroclaw |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 8, 1945 |
| Place of death | Niederdollendorf |