Theodor Storm

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Theodor Storm

Hans Theodor Woldsen Storm (born September 14, 1817 in Husum , Duchy of Schleswig , †  July 4, 1888 in Hanerau-Hademarschen ) was a German writer who was important as a poet and as an author of short stories and prose of German realism with northern German influences. Storm studied law and worked as a lawyer and judge, among other things.

life and work

Birthplace in Husum

Childhood, youth and studies (1817–1842)

Hans Theodor Woldsen Storm was born as the first child of the Justice Council Johann Casimir Storm and his wife, the patrician daughter Lucie Woldsen (1797–1879) in Husum, Markt 9. In 1818 the family moved to house Neustadt 56, in 1821 to the house of grandparents Woldsen, Hohle Gasse 3. In the autumn of that year Storm entered the Klippschule , from 1826 to 1835 he attended the Husum School of Academics , then the Katharineum for three semesters in Lübeck .

At the age of 15, Storm wrote his first poems based on the weekly newspaper poetry popular at the time (first surviving poem: To Emma , 1833); in school he learned to imitate examples of ancient poetry and wrote his first prose texts . Four poems and several journalistic works were published in the Husumer Wochenblatt ( Sängers Abendlied , July 27, 1834) and in the Dithmarscher and Eiderstedter Bote .

In Lübeck, Storm met Ferdinand Röse , through whom he became familiar with contemporary literature, including Goethe's Faust , Heine's book of songs and Eichendorff's prose and poetry.

From 1837 studied law at the Storm University of Kiel , where he in 1837 a member of the fraternity Albertina and Konkneipant the Corps Holsatia was, and in Berlin. It was then that his friendship with Theodor and Tycho Mommsen began , with whom he assembled a collection of Schleswig-Holstein songs, fairy tales and legends. At times the three shared an apartment. In 1843 they published the songbook of three friends together , which contains poems written by the three authors. In September 1837 Storm got engaged to Emma Kühl from the island of Föhr ; in February 1838, Emma Kühl broke off this engagement. In September or October 1842 Storm made a marriage proposal to Bertha von Buchan, who lived in Altona , but she refused. Storm had already fallen in love with her on Christmas 1836. He was nineteen then and she was ten years old. Theodor Storm's pedophile tendencies have long been debated.

Lawyer in Husum (1842-1853)

House in Husum inhabited by Storm; today Storm Museum

In 1843 he returned to Husum and opened a law firm. In January 1844 Storm got engaged to his cousin Constanze Esmarch (1825-1865), the marriage took place in 1846 in the town hall of Segeberg . The marriage resulted in seven children: Hans (* January 25, 1848; † December 5, 1886), Ernst (* January 30, 1851), Karl (June 1853), Lisbeth (* June 10, 1855), Lucie ( 1860), Elsabe (* January 1863) and Gertrud (* May 4, 1865).

Like his friend Theodor Mommsen, Storm became involved in the Schleswig-Holstein uprising from 1848 against Danish rule. Even after the peace agreement between Denmark and Prussia in 1850 , Storm took an irreconcilable attitude towards Denmark. That is why the Danish Schleswig Minister Friedrich Ferdinand Tillisch withdrew his lawyer from him in 1852 .

Court assessor in Potsdam (1853-1856)

In 1853 he was awarded an unpaid position in the district court of Potsdam in Berlin . His superior was the then director Karl Gustav von Goßler , in whose family Storm frequented. At this time his novella Immensee, written in 1849, appeared . During his stay in Potsdam Storm reported his disgust for the “Prussian consumption of people in the state mechanism”; he struggled with professional and financial difficulties. His artistic circle of friends in the Rütli , which included Theodor Fontane and Franz Kugler , contributed to the fact that the republican-minded person felt increasingly isolated among the Prussian conservatives.

District judge in Heiligenstadt (1856–1864)

Storm in the 1860s;
Ferrotype , possibly by Ferdinand Tellgmann

In the summer of 1856 Storm got a job as a judge at the district court in Heiligenstadt in Thuringia , which at that time belonged to Prussia. Storm's family initially moved into a piece of land at Kasseler Tor that Storm's father had acquired to help brother Otto set up his gardening business. A year later, Storm and his family moved into an apartment at Wilhelmstrasse 73.

Storms house in Heiligenstadt

There the daughters Lucie and Elsabe were born. He made friends with respected families of dignitaries such as that of the district administrator Alexander von Wussow and founded a choral society. Despite the workload as a district judge, who was also responsible for several death sentences, Storm was also productive as a writer in Heiligenstadt: With novellas such as Auf dem Staatshof (1859), Drüben am Markt (1861), Im Schloß (1862) and Auf der Universität (1863) he achieved his breakthrough as a realistic narrator. In the field of lyric poetry, he wrote poems with a worldview character such as A dying or On your cross tribe o Jesus Christ . These poems also go back to his examination of the topics of religion and belief in the Catholic Eichsfeld . In addition, three art fairy tales were created or conceived here: The Regentrude (1864), Bulemann's House (1864) and The Mirror of Cyprianus (1865).

Governor and magistrate in Husum (1864–1880)

After the defeat of Denmark in the German-Danish War in 1864, Storm in Husum was appointed by the city's population to be bailiff (corresponds to today's “magistrate”). In March of that year he moved back to Husum.

Constanze Storm died on May 24, 1865 after the birth of her daughter Gertrud. Storm expressed his grief in the strophic cycle of poems Deep Shades ; In addition to the poems Die Stadt and Ans Haff now flies the seagull, which are often read in school, this cycle is one of Storm's most famous poems today.

In 1866 Storm married the 38-year-old Dorothea Jensen, whom he had met shortly after his first wedding and with whom he had a passionate relationship. They moved into the house at Wasserzeile 31, which they lived in until 1880 and which is now used as the Theodor Storm Museum . From the marriage a daughter emerged:

In 1867, as part of the Prussian administrative reform following the annexation of Schleswig-Holstein, he was appointed to the district court council. Around 1870 the then 15-year-old Ferdinand Tönnies , later one of the founders of sociology , came to Storm's house as a proofreader and later became his friend. Storm's father died in 1874 and his mother in 1878. Since 1877 Storm was in correspondence with his Swiss writer colleague Gottfried Keller .

  • Theodor Storm House in Husum

  • living room

  • Bailiwick rooms

  • First floor

  • Schimmelreiter hall

  • Stairwell

  • Paper cut of the poet

Retirement home in Hademarschen (1880–1888)

Commemorative stamp of the Deutsche Bundespost for the 100th anniversary of death
Storm bust in Husum's palace gardens, sculptor: Adolf Brütt

In May 1880 Storm took early retirement and moved to Hademarschen , where his younger brother Johannes Storm (1824-1906) ran a timber trade. Theodor Storm had a villa built in the main street of the village. This is where his age novellas were written: The Sons of the Senator (1880), Der Herr Etatsrat (1881), Hans and Heinz Kirch (1882), On the Chronicle of Grieshuus (1884), A Doppelganger (1887) and A Confession (1887).

In May 1886, Storm took his daughter Elsabe and his friend Ferdinand Tönnies on a trip to Weimar and visited Erich Schmidt , the director of the newly founded Goethe Archive there and one of his long-term correspondents. Upon his return, Storm began work on the novella The Schimmelreiter , which appeared in April 1888 as Storm's last novella. On July 4, 1888, he died of stomach cancer in Hademarschen . He found his final resting place in the St. Jürgen cemetery in Husum.

Work and effect

Storm is considered to be one of the most important German representatives of " bourgeois " or "poetic realism ", with his novels in particular establishing his fame in addition to his poems . Many of his works have been translated into other languages ​​and are still published today. Storm's best-known work, the novella Der Schimmelreiter , is often used as reading material in German lessons. The book has also been filmed several times.

In Storm's late work, the accents shift; new, social lines of conflict become clear. The portrayal of the emancipation of the aspiring bourgeoisie vis-à-vis the nobility gives way to a self-critical reflection on bourgeois values ​​and ways of life. Storm's sensitivity to marginalized outsiders, people from difficult backgrounds and lower classes is becoming increasingly evident. Novellas such as Carsten Curator , Der Herr Etatsrat and Hans and Heinz Kirch show conflicts between bourgeois striving for achievement on the one hand and structures of the bourgeois family on the other. His attention is now increasingly focused on the reality of life “little people”, as it is expressed in the title of the volume of short stories published in 1887 . The focus is on small craftsmen who are at risk of relegation, such as Bötjer Basch , a figure who fails because of their stinginess like Madame Sievert in the earlier novella Im Neighbor House Left , a released prisoner in A Doppelganger or marginalized eccentrics like the two cake eaters of the old days from the Dispersed Chapters , a collection that was written for serial printing in magazines.

Ten years after Storm's death, his memorial bust, created by Adolf Brütt , was unveiled in Husum's palace gardens on his birthday . The city of Husum is known to this day as the Gray City by the Sea , based on the Storm poem Die Stadt . In Husum and the rest of the Duchy of Schleswig many stories are set by Storm. Numerous public institutions throughout Germany, including squares, streets and the Theodor Storm schools , are named after him. The German Society for the Rescue of Shipwrecked People named the rescue cruiser Theodor Storm after the writer.

The Theodor Storm Society today has around 1100 members, is dedicated to researching his works and publishes its own scientific journal (the "Writings of the Theodor Storm Society"). Its current chairman is the literary scholar Philipp Theisohn. It is based in the Theodor Storm House in the Husum water line.

In Heiligenstadt, the literary museum "Theodor Storm" reminds us of the life and work of the local writer. The museum with adjoining rose garden is located in the so-called Mainzer Haus, the oldest building in the city, built in the 15th century.

The painters Angelika Dering and Elisabeth Dering and the writer Ingrid Bachér are Storm's great-grandchildren. The journalist and author Peter Bachér is a great-grandson of Storm.

Works

Bronze statue of Theodor Storms in Heiligenstadt
Literature Museum "Theodor Storm", Heiligenstadt
Theodor Storm Plastic in front of the Storm House in Husum
Verses about the war of 1870:
Has only the victory over foreign violence
conquered the violence within
? Then I want to shout: The land is free!
Until then, I'll save the cheers.

Poems (selection)

see also Theodor Storm: Gedichte. Schwers, Kiel 1852. ( Digitized and full text in the German text archive )
  • To Emma (1833)
  • Singer's Evening Song (1834)
  • Beggar's Love (around 1843)
  • Twilight hour (1843)
  • Evening (1845)
  • Offside (1847)
  • Red Roses (1847)
  • August (1849)
  • The children (1852)
  • The City (1852)
  • Farewell (1853)
  • From the March (1854)
  • For my sons (1854)
  • At the filing table (around 1855)
  • April (1859)
  • Servant Ruprecht (1862)
  • Beginning of the End (1864)
  • The Scoundrel (1864)
  • The Doubt (1864)
  • Deep Shadows (1865)
  • The Official (1867)
  • On birthday (1868)
  • Only bury your loved one (1870)
  • Constanze (1870)
  • To Klaus Groth (1872)
  • Don't go in (1879)
  • To Mrs. Do (1883)
  • Love
  • Over the heather
  • The Nightingale
  • October song
  • About cats
  • Sea beach
  • Under the stars
  • Christmas carol

fairy tale

Short stories (selection)

Primary literature

Work editions

  • All writings . First complete edition, 6 volumes. Braunschweig 1868.
  • Collected Writings. 19 volumes. Braunschweig 1877–1889.
  • All works . New edition, 8 volumes. Braunschweig 1898.
  • Works . Edited by Theodor Hertel, 6 volumes. Leipzig; Vienna 1919.
  • All works . Edited by Albert Köster, 8 volumes. Leipzig 1919–1920.
  • All works . Edited by Peter Goldammer, 4 volumes. Berlin (East) 1956 (4th edition. Weimar 1978).
  • All works . Edited by Karl Ernst Laage and Dieter Lohmeier , 4 volumes. Frankfurt am Main 1987–1988.

Letter issues

  • Theodor Storm, Constanze Storm: Correspondence. Edited by Regina Fasold. Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-503-09879-8 .
  • Theodor Storm - Klaus Groth : Correspondence. Crit. Output. In connection with the Theodor Storm Society, ed. by Boy Hinrichs. Erich Schmidt, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-503-03010-7 .
  • Theodor Storm - Theodor Fontane : Correspondence. Crit. Output. Edited by Gabriele Radecke. Erich Schmidt, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-503-12280-6 .

Collections

  • Theodor Storm: Erzählungen , Verlag Philipp Reclam jun., Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-15-056144-2

Secondary literature

Periodical publications

  • Husum contributions to Storm research (HuB), Erich Schmidt Verlag Berlin
  • Storm - Correspondence , (StBw) Erich Schmidt Verlag Berlin
  • Writings of the Theodor Storm Society, Boyens Verlag Heide
  • Storm sheets from Heiligenstadt, Heiligenstadt

Biographical presentations

Individual examinations

  • Heinrich Detering: Traces of Childhood. Theodor Storm and the end of romance. Boyens, Heide 2011. ISBN 978-3-8042-1333-3 .
  • Gerd Eversberg (ed.): Storm's first great love. Theodor Storm and Bertha von Buchan in poems and documents. Boyens, Heide 1995, ISBN 3-8042-0762-6 .
  • Jean Firges: Theodor Storm. Idyll and decay. Sonnenberg, Annweiler 2001, ISBN 3-933264-11-1 . (Exemplary series Literature and Philosophy, Vol. 09)
  • Asteris Koutoulas : Theodor Storm's novella "Hans and Heinz Kirch". Essay.
  • Hildegard Lorenz: Variance and Invariance. Theodor Storm's Tales: Figure Constellations and Patterns of Action. Bonn 1985.
  • Hans-Erich Teitge (compiler); German State Library (Ed.): Theodor Storm Bibliography. 1967.
  • Theodor Storm Society Husum: The Storm manuscripts from the estate of Ernst Storm. With the edition of the “Concept” for the novella “Der Schimmelreiter” . Ed. Kulturstiftung der Länder , Federal Ministry of the Interior, Interior Ministry of Schleswig-Holstein a. a., Kulturstiftung der Länder, Berlin 1999. (patrimonia 151)
  • Wulf Wülfing: “Air is not an empty delusion.” Theodor Fontane and the Berlin air as a metaphor for the political and social climate in post-March Prussia; with special consideration of the correspondence with Theodor Storm in 1853. In: Forms of the apprehension of reality after 1848. German literature and culture from the post-March to the early days from a European perspective. Vol. 1. Ed. Helmut Koopmann and Michael Perraudin among colleagues. v. Andrea Bartl. Aesthesis. Bielefeld 2003, pp. 167-188.

Edition-scientific studies

  • Gabriele Radecke : "Finally the request to send the MS back to me as soon as possible because it is on fire". On the comment function of letter enclosures using Theodor Fontane's correspondence with Bernhard von Lepel and Theodor Storm as an example . In: Problems of Commenting. Contribution to a workshop in Innsbruck . Edited by Wolfgang Wiesmüller. Innsbruck 2014 (Innsbruck contributions to cultural studies Germanistic series, vol. 80), pp. 131–146.
  • Gabriele Radecke: supplement, insert, inclusion. On the function and differentiation of letter additions and their editorial representation using the example of Theodor Fontane's correspondence with Bernhard von Lepel and Theodor Storm . In: Letter edition in the digital age . Edited by Anne Bohnenkamp and Elke Richter. Berlin, Boston 2013 (supplements to editio, vol. 34), pp. 165–177.

Film adaptations (selection)

Radio plays

Settings (selection)

  • Robert Franz : Oh, if it had never happened! for voice and piano op.23,3 (1855)
  • Hermann Goetz : Snow White for solos, choir and orchestra, text: Theodor Storm (1865–1866)
  • Richard Heuberger : Serenade for voice and piano op.9,3 no.3 (1879)
  • Johannes Brahms : On the Heath for voice and piano, op.86, 4 (1882)
  • Adolf Jensen : Lots for voice and piano (1882)
  • Carl Reinecke : Christmas carol for voice and piano, op.178,5 (1884)
  • Wilhelm Kienzl : My mother wanted it for medium voice and piano, op.39,2 (1890)
  • Max Reger : Gute Nacht for voice and piano, youth songs, no.9. (1890/1)
  • Max Reger: Nelken for medium voice and piano, op.15,3 (1894)
  • Alexander Zemlinsky : Whispers of the Night for voice and piano op. 2 (1894–6)
  • Ludwig Thuille : Summer Noon for voice and piano op.19.2 (1900)
  • Julius Weismann : July for voice and piano op.6,7 (1901/2)
  • Franz Schreker : Well, I feel like life is flowing for voice and piano, op. 4, 3 (189-?)
  • Franz Schreker: Song of the Harp Girl for voice and piano, op.7,8 (1900?)
  • Max Reger: I should write a letter for voice and piano, op. 76,8 (Schlichte Weisen) (1903–4)
  • Alban Berg : The Nightingale for voice and piano (1907)
  • Erwin Schulhoff : July for soprano and piano op.18.3 (1911)
  • Heinrich Kaminski : Elisabeth for voice and piano (1909/12)
  • Carl Orff : Now Bury Your Dearest for alto (or baritone) and piano, op. 3,2 (1910-20)
  • Carl Orff: The Nightingale for soprano and piano, op.8,1 (1910-20)
  • Alban Berg : Close my eyes both for soprano and piano (1925)
  • Othmar Schoeck : April for low voice and piano, op.35,2 (1928)
  • Ernst Křenek : Musicians want to wander for medium voice and piano, op.64,2 (1930)
  • Ernst Křenek: Now a Little Bit in the Round for medium voice and piano, op.64,5 (1930)
  • Kurt Hessenberg : Fiedellieder - Cantata based on words by Theodor Storm for tenor, mixed choir and orchestra, op 22 (1939–1940)
  • Josef Schelb : Five songs based on poems by Theodor Storm (1934–1946)
  • Kurt Hessenberg: Ten songs based on the words of Theodor Storm for mezzo-soprano (or baritone), piano, violin and viola with changing scoring (1944)
  • Kurt Hessenberg: Three songs based on texts by Theodor Storm for medium voice and small orchestra, op.32a (1948)
  • Hermann Reutter : Five songs based on poems by Theodor Storm for low voice and piano, op.58 (1945)
  • Bertold Hummel : Ten songs based on poems by Theodor Storm for medium voice and piano, op. 71b (1975–1983) bertoldhummel.de
  • Wilfried Hiller : Der Schimmelreiter - Twenty-two scenes and an intermediate song based on Theodor Storm (1996–1997), libretto by Andreas KW Meyer
  • Wolfram Oettl: Die Regentrude - children's opera based on motifs by Theodor Storm (2004), libretto Nina Rausch

Web links

Wikiquote: Theodor Storm  - Quotes
Commons : Theodor Storm  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Works on the Internet

Wikisource: Theodor Storm  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Helge Dvorak: Biographical Lexicon of the German Burschenschaft. Volume II: Artists. Winter, Heidelberg 2018, ISBN 978-3-8253-6813-5 , p. 666.
  2. ^ Harald Lönnecker : Reviews. In: GfbG -Nachrichten No. 45 - Volume 6, 2011, p. 8. Online version (PDF)
  3. ↑ poet. Retrieved April 9, 2017 .
  4. ↑ Thorsten Carstensen: The Runaway Romantic - Heinrich Detering examines Theodor Storm's lifelong childhood cult: literaturkritik.de. Retrieved April 9, 2017 .
  5. ↑ Theodor Storm - You gray city by the sea. Retrieved April 9, 2017 .
  6. ↑ Werner Trost: Theodor Storm's son was a doctor in Wörth . In: Ders., Wörth am Main. Chronicle of a small Franconian town. Volume 2, Woerth 1991, pp. 224-244.
  7. ^ Andreas Mettenleiter : Personal reports, memories, diaries and letters from German-speaking doctors. Supplements and supplements III (I – Z). In: Würzburg medical history reports. Volume 22, 2003, pp. 269–305, here: p. 295 (on the ship's doctor and general practitioner Hans Storm, who was born in Husum and died in Aschaffenburg).
  8. ↑ Gerd Eversberg : Theodor Storm and photography on the g.eversberg.eu page , accessed on January 24, 2015
  9. ↑ Cf. Regina Fasold: In Exile in Potsdam and in Heiligenstadt. In: Christian Demandt, Philipp Theisohn (ed.): Storm-Handbuch. Life, work, effect. Stuttgart 2017, pp. 8–9.
  10. ↑ Cf. Georg Bollenbeck: Theodor Storm. A biography. Frankfurt am Main 1988, p. 149.
  11. ↑ See Ferdinand Tönnies : Theodor Storm. On September 14, 1917. Gedenkblätter , TG 10, 2008, pp. 363–425.
  12. ↑ Correspondence between Gottfried Keller
  13. ^ Adolf Brütt: Theodor Storm bust on art @ SH; accessed on September 29, 2017
  14. ^ Heinrich Detering : Storms politics. In: Storm Handbook. Metzler, Stuttgart 2017, pp. 37–38
  15. ^ Website of the Storm Society , accessed July 25, 2012.
  16. ^ Karl Albert Heidenblut: The "Maintzisch House", a medieval house and farm complex on Heiligenstädter Stiftsberg. In: Eichsfeld-Jahrbuch 25 (2017), Duderstadt 2017, pp. 51–87, here p. 54.
  17. ↑ Ingrid Bachér: Storm-great-granddaughter and war child , wdr.de, March 30, 2018
  18. ↑ Hans-Juergen Fink, Ricarda Twellmann: Author Peter Bachér celebrated his 85th birthday . In: Hamburger Abendblatt , May 7, 2012.
  19. ↑ Immensee in the German Digital Library
personal data
SURNAME Storm, Theodore
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Storm, Hans Theodor Woldsen
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer
DATE OF BIRTH September 14, 1817
PLACE OF BIRTH Husum
DATE OF DEATH 4th July 1888
Place of death Hademarschen