Franz Schreker

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Franz Schreker, around 1911
Honor grave, Hüttenweg 47, in Berlin-Dahlem

Franz Schreker ( March 23, 1878 in Monaco - March 21, 1934 in Berlin ; actually Schrecker ) was an Austrian composer .

Life

The son of a Jewish court photographer from Bohemia and a mother from an old Styrian aristocratic family was one of the most played German-speaking composers of his time. Schreker studied composition with Robert Fuchs in Vienna . In 1911 he took over the direction of the Philharmonic Choir, which he had founded, and since 1912 he has led a composition class himself at the Academy of Music in Vienna. The fame brought Schreker the position of director at the Berlin Academic University of Music (today's Berlin University of the Arts ), where he worked from 1920 to 1931. A forum was offered to him by the Universal Edition in the music magazine Anbruch , in which 103 articles by and about him appeared between 1919 and 1937. As early as the late 1920s, Schreker was an object of attack in the cultural policy of the National Socialists . In 1932, due to the Nazi terror, the planned premiere of his opera Christophorus in Freiburg was withdrawn by Schreker himself, and he was forced to resign from his position as director of the Berlin University of Music, which he had directed since 1920. From 1932 to 1933 he was also head of a master class for composition at the Prussian Academy of the Arts . One of his students there was Wladyslaw Szpilman . Shortly after Max von Schillings was forced to retire, he died of a heart attack on March 21, 1934 , which was preceded by a stroke , and was buried in the Dahlem forest cemetery. The grave is located in Dept. 10A-6 and is dedicated to the city of Berlin as an honorary grave .

In 1959 were in Vienna- favorites (10th District), the Franz Schreker Alley and 1936 in Ottakring (16th district) Schrekergasse named after him.

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Director: David Bösch
Photos: Christian Michelides

In the 1920s, Franz Schreker was considered one of the most important opera composers in Germany after Wagner ; at times his operas achieved higher performances than those of Richard Strauss . Like him, Schreker is a late romantic; at the same time, his musical language shows expressionistic elements. A constant harmonic fluctuation with shimmering, iridescent chords is characteristic .

With one exception ( flames ), Schreker wrote the texts for his operas himself. Influenced by Sigmund Freud's psychoanalysis , the librettist Schreker draws relentless emotional portraits of his opera protagonists , some of which even have autobiographical references.

Defamed as " degenerate " by the National Socialists , Schreker's works were almost forgotten after 1933. At the end of the 1970s, a Schreker “renaissance” began, which continues to this day. B. the performances of the operas Der Schmied von Gent at the Berlin State Opera in 1981, at the Bielefeld Theater in 1993 and at the Chemnitz Theater in 2010, a series with the less popular titles Flammen , Christophorus and Das Spielwerk und die Princess at the Kiel Opera under Kirsten Harms , as well as Der ferne Klang at the Vienna State Opera in 1991, at the Graz Opera in 2015 and at the National Theater Mannheim and in 2017 at the Lübeck Theater , Die Gezeichen 2005 at the Salzburg Festival , 2015 at the Opéra de Lyon , 2017 at the Bavarian State Opera and 2018 at the Komische Berlin Opera .

Its rediscovery was primarily the result of a musicological congress in Graz in the mid-1970s. Since the 1990s, the phono industry has increasingly published recordings of his works. A large part of his estate is in the Austrian National Library in Vienna, parts of his valuable private library in the library of the University of the Arts in Berlin .

Catalog of works (selection)

Stage works / operas

( Libretti , unless otherwise stated, by Franz Schreker)

  • 1901–1902: Flammen - 1 act. Libretto: Dora Leen (? –1942 [?]; Also Dora Pollock). WP Vienna 1902 (concert), Kiel 2001 (scenic)
  • 1903–1910: The distant sound - opera in 3 acts, premiered August 18, 1912, Frankfurt am Main
  • 1908–1912: The toy and the princess - 2 acts, prologue, premier March 15, 1913, Frankfurt am Main / Vienna
  • 1911–1915: The Drawn - Opera in 3 Acts, Premiere April 18, 1918, Frankfurt am Main
  • 1915: Das Spielwerk (reworking of Das Spielwerk and the Princess ) - 1 act, premiere October 30, 1920, Munich
  • 1915–1918: Der Schatzgräber - Opera with prelude, 4 acts, episode, premier January 21, 1920, Frankfurt am Main
  • 1919–1922: Irrelohe - Opera in 3 acts, premiered March 27, 1924, Cologne ( Otto Klemperer )
  • 1924–1928: The Singing Devil - Opera in 4 acts, premiered December 10, 1928, Berlin ( Erich Kleiber )
  • 1924–1928: Christophorus or The Vision of an Opera - Prelude, 2 acts (3 images), Follow-up, Premiere October 1, 1978, Freiburg
  • 1929–1932: The Blacksmith of Gent - Opera in 3 acts, text based on Charles De Coster , premiered October 29, 1932, Berlin
  • 1933–1934: Memnon (only sketches)

Orchestral works

  • 1896: Love song for string orchestra and harp (lost)
  • 1899: Scherzo
  • 1899: Symphony in A minor, Op. 1 (final lost)
  • 1900: Scherzo for string orchestra
  • 1900: Intermezzo op.8 - movement for string orchestra (later part of the Romantic Suite )
  • 1902–1903: Ekkehard , symphonic overture for large orchestra and organ op. 12
  • 1903: Romantic Suite op.14
  • 1904: Fantastic Overture op.15
  • 1905: The Infanta’s Birthday , suite based on the fairy tale of the same name by Oscar Wilde for chamber orchestra (for orchestra 1923, pantomime Spanish Festival for orchestra 1927)
  • 1908: Ceremonial waltz and waltz intermezzo
  • 1908: Valse Lente
  • 1908–1909: A dance game for a large orchestra
  • 1909: Night piece from the opera The distant sound
  • 1913: Prelude to a drama (compiled from parts of the opera The Drawn )
  • 1916: Chamber symphony (also for larger ensembles as Sinfonietta )
  • 1918: Symphonic interlude from the opera Der Schatzgräber
  • 1928: Small suite for chamber orchestra
  • 1929–1930: Four small pieces for large orchestra
  • 1933: Prelude to a great opera (from the unfinished opera Memnon )

Other works (selection)

  • 1898: Sonata for violin and piano
  • 1899: King Teja's funeral (Felix Dahn) for male choir and orchestra
  • 1900: The 116th Psalm op. 6 for female choir and orchestra
  • 1902: Schwanengesang op.11 (Dora Leen) for choir and orchestra
  • 1909: Five Chants (orchestrated 1922)
  • 1909: Der Wind - pantomime for violin, violoncello, clarinet, horn and piano
  • 1916: Orchestration of 2 songs by Hugo Wolf
  • 1923: Two lyrical chants (Walt Whitman, orchestrated 1929 udT Vom Ewigen Leben )
  • 1932–1933: The woman of the intaphernes - melodrama (Eduard Stucken)
  • 1933: Orchestration of Franz Liszt's Hungarian Rhapsody No. 2
  • about 40 songs

Composition student

See also

literature

  • Th. Antonicek:  Schreker Franz. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 11, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-7001-2803-7 , p. 214 f. (Direct links on p. 214 , p. 215 ).
  • Haidy Schreker-Bures, HH Stuckenschmidt , Werner Oehlmann : Franz Schreker (=  Austrian composers of the 20th century . Volume 17 ). Lafite et al. a., 1970, ISSN  0078-3501 .
  • Paul Bekker : Franz Schreker. Study on the Critique of Modern Opera (1918) . Rimbaud-Presse, Aachen 1983, ISBN 3-922322-12-3 .
  • Haidy Schreker-Bures: Hear - think - feel. A small study of Schreker's opera texts . 3. Edition. Rimbaud-Presse, Aachen 1983, ISBN 3-922322-21-2 .
  • Reinhard Ermen (Ed.): Franz Schreker. (1878-1934). On the 50th anniversary of death . With a foreword by Haidy Schreker-Bures. Contributions by Sieghart Döhring , Frank Reinisch, Hans Joachim von Kondratowitz, Jens Malte Fischer , Reinhard Ermen, Rudolf Stephan , Peter P. Pachl , Eckhardt van der Hoogen, Michael Struck-Schloen, Manfred Haedler (=  Franz-Schreker-Forum . Volume 1 ). Rimbaud-Presse, Aachen 1984, ISBN 3-89086-999-8 .
  • Franz Schreker, Paul Bekker: Correspondence. With all of Bekker's reviews of Schreker . Ed .: Christopher Hailey. Rimbaud, Aachen 1994, ISBN 3-89086-921-1 .
  • Ulrike Kienzle:  Schreker, Franz August Julius. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 23, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-428-11204-3 , pp. 540-542 ( digitized version ).
  • Michael Haas, Christopher Hailey (Eds.): Franz Schreker. Border crossings - border sounds . Mandelbaum-Verlag, Vienna 2004, ISBN 3-85476-133-3 (Incl. 2 CDs. Accompanying publication to the exhibition “Franz Schreker: Grenzgang - Grenzklänge” of the Jewish Museum of the City of Vienna from December 15, 2004 to April 24, 2005).
  • Giangiorgio Satragni: The dream of a “distant sound” in Schreker's opera of the same name. In: Peter Csobádi, Gernot Gruber , Juergen Kuehnel, Ulrich Mueller (eds.): Dream and Reality in Theater and Music Theater (= Word and Music. Vol. 62). Lectures and discussions at the Salzburg Symposium 2004. Mueller-Speiser, Anif / Salzburg 2006, ISBN 3-85145-099-X , pp. 484–497
  • Markus Böggemann, Dietmar Schenk (ed.): “Where is the flight going? To the youth ”. Franz Schreker and his students in Berlin (= studies and materials for musicology. Vol. 54). (Lectures that were given at the international symposium “Franz Schreker and his students” at the University of the Arts Berlin from October 23 to 26, 2003 on the occasion of Franz Schreker's 125th birthday). Olms, Hildesheim u. a. 2009, ISBN 978-3-487-14214-2 .
  • Christopher Hailey: Franz Schreker (1878–1934): a cultural-historical biography , Vienna; Cologne; Weimar: Böhlau Verlag, 2018, ISBN 978-3-205-77786-1 .
  • Janine Ortiz: Now everything is with the devil. Franz Schreker's late operas . edition text + kritik, Munich 2018, ISBN 978-3-86916-563-9 .

Documents

Letters from Franz Schreker are in the holdings of the Leipzig music publisher CFPeters in the Leipzig State Archives .

Web links

Commons : Franz Schreker  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ nmz.de, accessed on March 4, 2015.
  2. ↑ jpc.de accessed on March 28, 2019.
personal data
SURNAME Schreker, Franz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schrecker, Franz (birth name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian composer
DATE OF BIRTH March 23, 1878
PLACE OF BIRTH Monaco
DATE OF DEATH March 21, 1934
Place of death Berlin