Friedrich Kiel

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Friedrich Kiel

Friedrich Kiel (* 8. October 1821 in Puderbach ; † 13. September 1885 in Berlin ) was a German composer of the Romantic and music teacher. He was one of the most respected composition teachers of his time and was one of the outstanding composers of the generation between Robert Schumann and Johannes Brahms .

Life

Friedrich Kiel's parents were the teacher Johann Jost Kiel (1791–1863) and Johanne Marie Jung from Puderbach (Bad Laasphe). The family moved to Schwarzenau (Bad Berleburg) in 1827 when Friedrich was around six years old . The son started playing the piano and composing on his own initiative. In the next few years he received music lessons from his father and from the Elsoff teacher Karl Batta (1807-1893). He later dedicated VII fugues for the pianoforte to him , which he composed in July 1844 in Berlin.

The superintendent Appollo Kneip presented it to Prince Albrecht zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg in 1835 at an orchestral rehearsal for the court orchestra. He then received violin lessons from the Prince's brother, Prince Karl. He was also allowed to take part in the court orchestra, he created compositions for solo violin with orchestral accompaniment as well as variations for orchestra.

From 1838 to 1840 he received composition lessons from the chamber musician and flautist Caspar Kummer (1795-1870), who lived in Coburg . From May 1, 1840 to 1842, he was concertmaster of the court orchestra and music teacher for the children of Prince Albrecht in Berleburg . During this time he created compositions for piano with orchestral accompaniment, overtures for orchestra and works for piano for 2 and 4 hands.

On the basis of a scholarship from King Friedrich Wilhelm IV. , He studied from 1842 to 1844 with Siegfried Dehn , the custodian of the music of the Royal Library in Berlin. From 1844 he worked as a freelance composer and as a piano and harmony teacher.

Faded memory: Friedrich Kiel's first resting place in Schöneberg today

The extremely successful world premiere of his Requiem in F minor op. 20 and another performance in Leipzig made him famous all of a sudden. His Missa solemnis in C minor op. 40 and the oratorio Christ were also widely recognized, so that he was offered the post of Leipzig Thomaskantor , which he did not accept in order to be able to stay in Berlin. From 1866 Friedrich Kiel became a composition teacher at the Stern Conservatory in Berlin for three years ; he was awarded the title of professor in 1868. A year later, Kiel became a member of the Senate of the Royal Academy of Arts in the “Music” section.

In 1870 he was awarded the Red Eagle Order and at the same time became a knight of this order. On June 21, 1876, the Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg awarded him the Knight's Cross II. Class of the Duke of Saxony-Ernestine House Order.

Other important stages in his career were the Academic University of Music (founded in 1869), where he was the head of a composition class and, from 1882, the five-member directorate of the Royal Academic University of Music Performing Arts (alongside Joseph Joachim , Ernst Rudorff , Adolf Schulze and Philipp Spitta ), as well as the Akademie der Künste , to which he was appointed head of a master class for composition.

In a traffic accident in September 1883 with a horse and cart in Berlin, his health was badly damaged. He experienced the world premiere of his oratorio The Star of Bethlehem Op. 83 on April 25, 1884 in the House of Royal Arts in Berlin. In the winter of 1884/85 he resigned from his offices because of the consequences of his accident; he died on September 13, 1885 in Berlin. He was buried in the Old Twelve Apostles Cemetery in Berlin-Schöneberg . On October 7, 1971, he was reburied in the cemetery of his birthplace in Puderbach.

Works

The composer

Kiel composed in all genres except symphony and opera . Since he worked and taught as a pianist, half of this work is devoted to piano music for 2 and 4 hands. In addition, he created chamber music works for various ensembles, a piano concerto , smaller choral works a cappella and with instrumental accompaniment, as well as large choral forms: two requiems , a missa solemnis and two oratorios . The Friedrich Kiel Society has been working with the Dohr Cologne publishing house since 1993 to distribute Kiel's works in revised new and first editions.

List of his works (Opus number 1 was awarded twice by Kiel!):

Piano works

Two-handed piano

  • op. 1 Pictures from the Youth World (1850); Verlag Dohr ( ISMN M-2020-0355-8)
  • op. 1 “15 Canons im Kammerstyl”, dedicated to Franz Liszt (1852); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-1370-0)
  • op. 2 Six Fugues (1850)
  • op. 4 Capricietto (1850)
  • op. 5 Three Romances (1850); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-0355-8)
  • op.7 Six Waltzes (1850)
  • op.8 Three Piano Pieces (1856)
  • op.10 Four two-part fugues (1856)
  • op. 14 Great Polonaise in C major (1858); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-0240-7)
  • op. 15 Melodies (1858); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-0302-2)
  • op.17 Variations and Fugue in F minor (1860)
  • op.18 Ten Pianoforte Pieces (1860)
  • op.19 Two Impromptus (1860)
  • op. 21 echoes (1861)
  • op. 26 Two Caprices (1863); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-0303-9)
  • op. 27 Tarantelle (1864); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-0302-2)
  • op. 28 Suite [Sonata - Impromptu - Scherzo - Notturno] (1864); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-1371-7)
  • op.36 Three Gigues (1864)
  • opp. 38/41 Travel Memories for piano. 2 booklets (1865); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-0304-6)
  • op.45 Waltz (1866)
  • op.55 Four Character Pieces (1868)
  • Op. 56 Fantasy in E minor (1869)
  • op.59 Three Humoresques (1870)
  • op. 62 Folk melodies with changes (1870)
  • op. 68 Fantasy in A flat major (1871); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-0240-7)
  • op.71 Three Piano Pieces (1872)
  • op. 72 Six Piano Pieces (1872); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-0305-3)
  • op.79 Six Impromptus (1881)
  • o.op. Two Nocturnees (published 1875)
  • o.op. Etudes
  • o.op. Bolero (published 1875); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-0355-8)
  • o.op. Waltz-Caprice ("album sheet") (1879); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-0355-8)
  • o.op. Hongroise
  • o.op. Melody in D major (1876)
  • o.op. Seven joints
  • o.op. Fughetta FH… g

Piano four hands

  • op. 6 Two little sonatas (1850); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-0693-1)
  • op. 13 Easy Piano Pieces (1858); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-1369-4)
  • op. 23 Variations on an own theme (1861); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-0671-9)
  • op. 42 Humoresken (1865)
  • op.47 Waltz (1866)
  • op.48 Waltz (1866)
  • op. 57 Easy Pieces (1869); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-0774-7)
  • op.74 10 solo pieces for piano four hands (1873)

Piano and orchestra

  • op. 30 Concerto for Pianoforte and Orchestra in B flat major (1864), Verlag Dohr
  • o.op. Fantasy for piano and orchestra "Dedicated to His Majesty the King of Prussia" (approx. 1841), Verlag Dohr

Chamber music with piano

Piano and violin

  • op.16 Sonata in D minor for piano and violin (1860)
  • op.35 Two Sonatas in D minor and F major for piano and violin (1864)
  • op. 37 Variations on a Swedish Folk Song (1865) for pianoforte and violin; Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-0545-3)
  • op.49 Four romances for piano and violin (1867)
  • op.51 Sonata for Pianoforte and Violin (1868)
  • op.54 Deutsche Reigen for piano and violin (1868)
  • op. 70 Two solo pieces for piano and violin (1872); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-0526-2)
  • op.77 Small Suite for Violin and Pianoforte (1881)

Piano and viola

  • op. 66 Lellers for pianoforte and viola (1871); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-1374-8)
  • op. 67 Sonata for pianoforte and viola or cello or violin (1875/76); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-3494-1, 3495-8 and 3496-5)
  • op.69 Three romances for piano and viola (1871)

Piano and violoncello

  • op.9 melodies for pianoforte and violoncello (1856)
  • op. 11 “Travel Pictures” for piano and violoncello (1858); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-0492-0)
  • op. 12 Three pieces for pianoforte and violoncello (1858); Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-1138-6)
  • op.52 Sonata in A minor for piano and violoncello (1868)
  • o.op. Sonata in D major for violoncello and piano; First printing Verlag Dohr (ISMN M-2020-0835-5)

Piano trios

  • op.3 Piano Trio in D major (1850)
  • op.22 Piano Trio in A major (1861)
  • op.24 Piano Trio in E flat major (1861)
  • op.33 Piano Trio in C sharp minor (1863)
  • op.34 Piano Trio in G major (1864)
  • op. 65/1 Piano Trio in A major (1871)
  • op. 65/2 Piano Trio in G minor (1871)

Piano quartets

  • op.43 piano quartet in A minor (1866)
  • op.44 Piano Quartet in E major (1866)
  • op.50 piano quartet in G major (1867)

Piano quintets

  • op.75 Piano Quintet in A major (1874)
  • op.76 Piano Quintet in C minor (1874)

Piano and voice

  • op. 31 Liederkreis (1864) for a voice and piano; Verlag Dohr, (ISMN M-2020-0462-3)

String quartets

  • op. 53/1 String Quartet in A minor (1868)
  • op. 53/2 String Quartet in E flat major (1868)
  • op.73 Waltz for string quartet (1872)
  • op.78 Waltz for String Quartet (1881)

Choir a cappella / with piano

  • op.32 Two motets for three-part female choir with piano (1864)
  • op.64 Six sacred chants for women's or boys' choir (1869)
  • op.82 Six motets for mixed choir (published 1883; new edition Berlin 2007)

Choir and orchestra

  • op.20 Requiem in F minor for solo, choir and orchestra (1861), first performance on February 8, 1862
  • op.25 Stabat mater for female choir and solo with orchestra (1864)
  • op. 29 130. Psalm for solos, women's choir and orchestra (1864), first performed in 1869
  • op. 40 “Missa solemnis” for orchestra and choir (1865), first performance on March 21, 1867
  • op.46 Te Deum for solos, choir and orchestra (1866), first performance on March 21, 1867
  • op. 60 "Christ" - oratorio for solos, choir and orchestra (1870), first performance on April 4, 1874 in Berlin
  • op. 63 Two chants by Novalis for mixed Choir and Orchestra (1870)
  • Op. 80 Requiem in A flat major, first performance on November 20, 1881
  • op. 83 oratorio “Der Stern von Bethlehem” (published in 1884), first performance on April 25, 1884 in Berlin

orchestra

  • op.39 Three Military Marches (1865)
  • op.61 Four Marches (1870)
  • o.op. Overture in C major
  • o.op. Overture in D minor

Organ works

  • op. 58 Three Fantasies (1869)

student

Friedrich Kiel Society and Friedrich Kiel Archive

The Friedrich-Kiel-Gesellschaft e. V. based in Bad Laasphe , which publishes the "Mitteilungen" annually and since 2007 a newsletter. From 1993 to 2007 the "Friedrich Kiel Studies" (5 volumes, Verlag Dohr) appeared. The Friedrich Kiel Archive has been in the archive of the University of the Arts in Berlin since 2005 .

literature

Rows
Lexica entries
Monographs and Articles
  • Obituary by Gustav Dömpke :  Feuilleton. Friedrich Kiel. In:  Wiener Allgemeine Zeitung , September 26, 1885, pp. 1–3 (online at ANNO ).Template: ANNO / Maintenance / waz
  • Peter Pfeil: The manuscripts of the composer Friedrich Kiel in the Dortmund City and State Library. In: Wittgenstein . 1963, issue 1/2, p. 7 ff.
  • Ulrich Schuppener: A composer from the Wittgensteiner Land (Kiel). In: Wittgenstein . 1985, No. 4, p. 135 ff.
  • Otto Marburger: Friedrich Kiel 1821–1885. Words of remembrance on the 125th anniversary of his birth in Puderbach. In: Wittgenstein . 2010, issue 4, p. 154 ff.
  • Wolfgang Nickel: “The Berlin Brahms” - Friedrich Kiel (1821–1885) on the 125th anniversary of his death. In: Communications No. 37 of the Friedrich Kiel Society. V. Bad Laasphe (Lahn), December 15, 2012
  • Johannes Beulertz: Music at the court of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Berleburg. Dissertation, University of Dortmund 2001. p. 4 ff.

Sound carrier (selection)

  • Das Klavierwerk Vol. 1: Great Polonaise op.14, 11 Melodies op.15, 2 Caprices op.26, Tarantelle op.27, 2 Notturnos op.27, 3 Humoresken op.59, Fantasy op.68.Oliver Drechsel , Piano (concert grand by Theodor Stöcker , Berlin 1868). Publishing house Dohr
  • The piano work Vol. 2: Four two-part fugues op. 10; Three romances op. 5, travel memories op. 38 and op. 41, 6 Impromptus op. 79, waltz (4hsg.) Op. 47 a. op. 48. Oliver Drechsel and Wilhelm Kemper (Secondo), piano (concert grand piano by Theodor Stöcker, Berlin 1868). Publishing house Dohr
  • The piano work Vol. 3: Suite op.28, Variations in A minor on a theme of their own (4hdg.) Op.23, Five Etudes o.op., Capriccietto op.4, Pictures from the Youth World op.1, Two small sonatas (4hdg.) Op. 6, three piano pieces op. 71, six piano pieces op. 72. Oliver Drechsel and Wilhelm Kemper (Secondo), piano (concert grand piano by Theodor Stöcker, Berlin 1868). Publishing house Dohr
  • Das Klavierwerk Vol. 4: Six Waltzes Op. 7, Four Humoresken Op. 42 (4hdg.), Three Piano Pieces Op. 8; 15 canons in chamber style op. 1, melody in D major o.op., Fughetta on the letters F. H… g o.op., Ten Piano Pieces op. 74 (4hdg.). Oliver Drechsel and Wilhelm Kemper (Secondo), piano (concert grand piano by Theodor Stöcker, Berlin 1868). Publishing house Dohr
  • String Quartet op. 53 No. 1; Waltz for String Quartet op. 73. Bamberg String Quartet . Cavalli Records
  • Piano Quintets No. 1 & 2; Ilona Prunyi , piano, New Budapest String Quartet
  • Missa solemnis op. 40; Overture a grand Orchester op.6. Lindner, Röttger, Graf, Dewald, Fläth, Rundfunkchor & RO Cologne, Froschauer. Capriccio
  • Travel Pictures op. 11 for piano and violoncello; Sonata op. 52 for piano and violoncello; 3 pieces op. 12 for violoncello and piano; Hans Zentgraf , violoncello, Christoph Ullrich , piano. MDG
  • Sonata for piano and violoncello op. 67 uoop .; Small suite for piano and violoncello op. 77; Hans Zentgraf, violoncello, Christoph Ullrich, piano. MDG
  • Friedrich Kiel-A portrait of a composer (including the Liederkreis op.31) Anja Ganschow, soprano, András Vermesy, piano (Steingraeber concert grand, 1911)

Web links

Commons : Friedrich Kiel  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Frank / Altmann: Tonkünstlerlexikon. 15th edition, Heinrichshofen's Verlag, Wilhelmshaven 1971, p. 120.
  2. ^ Pia Waldbröl: The Te Deum for soli, choir and orchestra (op. 46) by Friedrich Kiel. An analysis with special consideration of the polyphonic elements. Bonn 1982. In: Friedrich Kiel Studies. Volume 5, edited by Peter Pfeil, i. A. d. Friedrich Kiel Society V., Dohr, Cologne 2006, ISBN 3-925366-40-7 ( ISSN  0945-2036 ).
personal data
SURNAME Kiel, Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German composer and music teacher
DATE OF BIRTH October 8, 1821
PLACE OF BIRTH Puderbach
DATE OF DEATH September 13, 1885
Place of death Berlin