Thomaskantor

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St. Thomas' Choir in Leipzig
Thomaskantor Johann Sebastian Bach (painting by Elias Gottlob Haußmann 1746, Leipzig City History Museum )
Thomaskirchhof with the old Thomas School (demolished), in which the cantor's apartment was located

The Thomas Cantor (Cantor at St. Thomas et Director Musices Lipsiensis) is the director of the Boys Choir and cantor of St. Thomas Church to Leipzig , which since the Reformation by the city council will be appointed in consultation with the parish of St. Thomas. Gotthold Schwarz , who led the choir for Georg Christoph Biller on an interim basis in 2015/16 , has been the 17th Thomaskantor after Bach since 2016 .

Together with the choir, the Thomaskantor, whose work dates back to the 13th century, is responsible for church music in the city's churches. Today he is responsible in particular for the implementation of the weekly motets and the musical organization of the services in the main Evangelical Lutheran church of the city, the St. Thomas Church. He works regularly with the Thomas organist and the Gewandhaus Orchestra . In the past, his duties at the Thomas School (music, singing, instrumental, Latin and catechism lessons ) went far beyond the area of ​​church music. In addition, the cantors gained reputation through their compositions .

After the Reformation, from the end of the 16th to the 19th century, the Thomaskantorat was extremely important for Protestant church music. Johann Sebastian Bach is considered to be his most important functionary . His successors in the cantorate have been numbered since 1750. After that, a Bach renaissance began in the 19th and 20th centuries .

The Thomaskantor lived in the old Thomas School from 1553 to 1902 . Since 2008 he has had his office in the Villa Thomana on the Forum Thomanum education campus in the Bachviertel .

historical overview

The sources are quite clear up to the 16th century. In the time of the Canons of St. Thomae there was a monastery cantor ( St. Thomas' monastery ). This followed the provost , the prior and the custos. We know from the statutes that the cantor taught the novices to sing. The direction of the figural chants was therefore in particular the responsibility of the Thomas schoolmaster. A student cantor was only hired later.

The first "rector scolarium in Lypz" was Thidericus . He was followed by Johannes Stefanie de Orba , who saw his term of office interrupted by Thomas Ranstete from 1443 to 1444 . It was Nicolaus Celer who was injured with his choir boys during Vespers in 1494 by the collapsed choir gallery . The first "attested [] cantor" was Johannes Scharnagel .

In the course of the Reformation , the students of the Thomasschule and their cantor Georg Rhau moved into the focus of musical interest when they provided musical accompaniment to the Leipzig disputation (1519) between Martin Luther , Andreas Karlstadt and Philipp Melanchthon on the one hand and Johannes Eck on the other. In 1553, Melchior Heger was the first to receive an apartment in the Old Thomas School at Thomaskirchhof . Around 1564 ( Valentin Otto ) the musical direction of the church services in the St. Thomas Church became the rule. With the term of office of Sethus Calvisius (1594-1616), the office gained supraregional importance and from then on was occupied almost exclusively by experienced musicians. During his time the citizens of Leipzig were extremely willing to donate to the school.

Thomas Cantor Johann Hermann Schein , who was one of the great musicians of Central Germany in the 17th century, also referred to himself as the “General Director of Music”. Baroque music was anchored in Leipzig during his creative period . Tobias Michael worried that the St. Thomas School would be preserved intact during the Thirty Years' War . In the course of Michael’s illness, Johann Rosenmüller became the designated Thomaskantor, but then had to flee the city because of the accusation of a moral crime. Sebastian Knüpfer prevailed against the well-known church musician Adam Krieger in 1657 . Among the competitors Johann Schelle was u. a. Johann Theile . Schelle's text constructions (biblical words, madrigal arias , recitatives and chorales ) pointed the way for his successors.

Johann Sebastian Bach , who was unanimously elected, succeeded Johann Kuhnau . In his candidacy in 1723, Bach was only a second choice behind Georg Philipp Telemann, who was better known at the time . However, this canceled out of financial considerations, the competitors Johann Friedrich Fasch and Christoph Graupner were not given an exemption at their farms. Then as now, Bach was considered the most important Thomaskantor (1723–1750). His successors in the office of cantor have been numbered since 1750.

Leipzig owes its status as a “city of music” to its third successor, Johann Adam Hiller , and the Thomasalumnat was to become a “Seminarium musicum”. In 1879 Johannes Brahms - like Friedrich Kiel and Carl Martin Reinthaler - was one of the most promising candidates for the successor to Ernst Friedrich Richter , but withdrew after appropriate considerations. Albert Becker , who worked in Berlin, was elected to succeed Wilhelm Rust in 1892 , but did not take up his post a year later after the intervention of Kaiser Wilhelm II and the approval of the Leipzig city council, so that Gustav Schreck took over.

Karl Straube's work as Thomaskantor made the Bach cantatas known beyond the national borders at the beginning of the 20th century . The organ virtuoso Günther Ramin , one of many well-known students of Straube, led the St. Thomas Choir through the difficult times of National Socialism and the beginnings of the GDR; like Erhard Mauersberger later , he preserved the tradition. Nevertheless, since Ramin's time, the choir is no longer responsible for the main worship services in Leipzig's Nikolaikirche .

After the resignation of Hans-Joachim Rotzsch , Hermann Max was appointed Thomaskantor in 1991, but then did not accept the office. This was followed by Georg Christoph Biller . In 2016 there were four candidates for Bach's 17th successor: Markus Teutschbein , Clemens Flämig , Markus Johannes Langer and Matthias Jung . The search committee decided in favor of the interim cantor Gotthold Schwarz.

  • Villa Thomana:
    office and rehearsal center

  • Thomaskirche:
    services and motets

Teaching at a music college

Since the 19th century, several Thomaskantors have worked as lecturers at what is now the music academy (formerly the Leipzig Conservatory). Thomaskantor Ernst Friedrich Richter, for example, was a member of the Conservatory's founding college. Like Moritz Hauptmann , he taught counterpoint and harmony . Wilhelm Rust was an organ teacher and Gustav Schreck teacher of theory and composition. In 1908 Karl Straube, who taught the organ and later founded the Church Music Institute , became a professor . Günther Ramin was initially the last university professor among the incumbent Thomaskantors. Only after the fall of the Wall did the practice change again, so that in 1994 Georg Christoph Biller became honorary professor for choral conducting.

Cantor council

- primarily chronologically according to Altner / Petzoldt / Täschner -

Before the Reformation

Surname origin Life dates Cantor council
Thidericus around 1295
Johannes Stefanie de Orba 1435 (?) - 1466 (?) Or 1436–1466
Thomas Ranstete 1443-1444
Martin Klotzsch around 1470
Ludwig Gotze Werdau around 1450–1506 1471 (?) - 1506 (?) Or 1475–1505
Petrus Sehusen Leipzig † 1464
Johannes Fabri Forchheim around 1472
Gregor Weßnig until 1494 1482-1488
Heinrich Höfler 1488-1490
Nicolaus Celer † 1516 1494
Johann Conradi Kaltenborn around 1508
Johann Scharnagel Wunsiedel 1480-1513 1505-1513

Legend: collegiate cantors , Thomas schoolmaster (direction of figural singing), succentors

Since the Reformation

Portrait Surname origin Life dates Cantor council Remarks
Georg Rhau.jpg Georg Rhau Ice field 1488-1548 1518 (?) Or 1519–1520 Thomas organist in Leipzig (1528)
John Galliculus Dresden from 1520 or 1520–1525
Valerianus Hüffener Crostewitz 1526-1530
Johannes Hermann Zittau 1515-1593 1531-1536
Wolfgang Jünger Sayda 1517-1564 1537 or 1536-1539
Johannes Bruckner 1539–1540 or verifiable 1541
Ulrich Lange Bavaria or Vohenstrauss until 1549 1541 or 1540-1549
Wolfgang Figulus Naumburg until 1588 or 1525–1589 1549-1551
Melchior Heger Brus 1529-1568 1553-1564
Valentin Otto Markkleeberg 1529-1594 1564-1594
Calvisius.jpg Sethus Calvisius Gorsleben 1556-1615 1594-1615
Petrus Wilhelmi Grossenhain until 1633 Thomaskantor ad interim (1615-1616)
Johann Hermann Schein 1620.jpg Johann Hermann Schein Grünhain 1586-1630 1615 or 1616-1630 Hofkapellmeister in Weimar (1615–1616)
Tobias Michael Dresden 1592-1657 1631-1657 Hofkapellmeister in Sondershausen (1619–1630)
Sebastian Knüpfer.jpg Sebastian Knüpfer Ash 1633-1676 1657-1676
Johann Georg Krause Westheim * around 1656 Thomaskantor ad interim (1676–1677)
Johann Schelle Geising 1648 or 1643-1701 1677-1701 Leipzig University Music Director (1679–1701)
Thomas organist in Leipzig (1682–1683)
Johann Kuhnau.jpg Johann Kuhnau Geising 1660-1722 1701-1722 Thomas organist in Leipzig (1684–1701)
Leipzig University Music Director (1701–1722)
Johann Gabriel Rothe 1702-1755 Thomas Cantor ad interim (1722–1723)
Johann Sebastian Bach 1746.jpg Johann Sebastian Bach Eisenach 1685-1750 1723-1750 Court organist in Weimar (1708–1717)
Court conductor in Köthen (1717–1723)
Head of the Collegium Musicum (1729–1737)
Saxon court composer (from 1736)

Legend: Thomas Cantors ad interim

Successor to Bach

No. Portrait Surname origin Life dates Cantor council Remarks
Johann Adam Francke Markneukirchen 1730-1801 Thomaskantor ad interim (1750)
01. Thank God Harrer Goerlitz 1703-1755 1750-1755
Carl Friedrich Barth Glauchau 1734-1813 Thomas Cantor ad interim (1755–1756)
02. Johann Friedrich Doles.JPEG Johann Friedrich Doles Steinbach-Hallenberg 1715-1797 1756-1789 Leipzig University Music Director (1770–1778)
03. Johann Adam Hiller.jpg Johann Adam Hiller Wendisch-Ossig 1728-1804 1789-1801 Leipzig University Music Director (1778–1785)
Gewandhaus Kapellmeister of Leipzig (1781–1785)
04th August Eberhard Müller.JPEG August Eberhard Müller Northeim 1767 or 1757-1817 1801-1810 or 1804 Substitute for the Thomaskantor (from 1800)
Hofkapellmeister in Weimar (1810-1817)
05. Johann Gottfried Layer.jpg Johann Gottfried shift Reichenau 1753-1823 1810-1823 Gewandhaus Kapellmeister (1785–1810)
Leipzig University Music Director (1808–1810)
Christian August Pohlenz.jpg August Pohlenz Sallgast 1790-1843 Thomaskantor ad interim (1823)
06th Christian Theodor Weinlig.jpg Christian Theodor Weinlig Dresden 1780-1842 1823-1842 Kreuzkantor of Dresden (1814-1817)
Christian August Pohlenz.jpg August Pohlenz Sallgast 1790-1843 Thomaskantor ad interim (1842)
07th Moritz Hauptmann.jpg Moritz Hauptmann Dresden 1792-1868 1842-1868
08th. EFE Richter.jpg Ernst Friedrich Richter Großschönau 1808-1879 1868-1879 Leipzig University Music Director (1843–1847)
Bernhard Friedrich Richter / Alfred Richter Leipzig / Leipzig 1850-1931 / 1846-1919 probably representing the Thomaskantor (1879–1880)
09. Wilhelm Rust 1885.jpg Wilhelm Rust Dessau 1822-1892 1880-1892 Thomas organist in Leipzig (1878–1880)
Bernhard Friedrich Richter Leipzig 1850-1931 Thomaskantor ad interim (1892-1893)
10. Gustav Schreck.jpg Gustav Schreck Zeulenroda 1849-1918 1892 or 1893-1917 or 1918
11. Karl straube.jpg Karl Straube Berlin 1873-1950 1918-1939 Thomas organist in Leipzig (1903–1918)
Thomaskantor ad interim (1917–1918)
12. Fotothek df roe-neg 0002787 003 Podium of the Bach celebration, Günther Ramin in the foreground.jpg Günther Ramin Karlsruhe 1898-1956 1940-1956 Thomas organist in Leipzig (1919–1939)
Director of the Berlin Philharmonic Choir (1935–1943)
Ekkehard Tietze Erlbach 1914-1995 Thomaskantor ad interim (1956–1957)
13. Kurt Thomas.gif Kurt Thomas Toenning 1904-1973 1957-1960
Hannes Kästner Oetzsch 1929-1993 Thomaskantor ad interim (1960–1961)
14th Erhard Mauersberger Mauersberg 1903-1982 1961–1971 or 1972
15th Hans-Joachim Rotzsch Leipzig 1929-2013 1972-1991 or 1990 Leipzig University Music Director (1963–1973)
Wolfgang Unger Eibenstock 1948-2004 Thomaskantor ad interim (1991–1992)
16. Georg Christoph Biller.jpg Georg Christoph Biller Nebra * 1955 1992-2015
17th Gotthold Schwarz on December 20, 2015 in the Thomaskirche.JPG Gotthold black Zwickau * 1952 since 2016 Thomaskantor ad interim (2015-2016)

Legend: Thomas Cantors ad interim

literature

Web links

Commons : Thomaskantor  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Martin Petzoldt (Ed.): Thomaskirche Leipzig , Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2012, p. 105.
  2. ↑ Michael Maul: The early history of the Thomaskantorat and the development of the choir until Johann Sebastian Bach took office , in: Stefan Altner / Martin Petzoldt (eds.): 800 years of Thomana, commemorative publication for the anniversary of the St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School , Stekovics, Wettin- Löbejün 2012, pp. 78-103, content from pages 82 ff.
  3. ↑ Michael Maul: The early history of the Thomaskantorat and the development of the choir until Johann Sebastian Bach took office , in: Stefan Altner / Martin Petzoldt (eds.): 800 years of Thomana, commemorative publication for the anniversary of the St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School , Stekovics, Wettin- Löbejün 2012, pp. 78-103, content from page 79.
  4. ↑ Martin Petzoldt (Ed.): Thomaskirche Leipzig , Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2012, p. 117.
  5. ↑ a b Martin Petzoldt (Ed.): Thomaskirche Leipzig , Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2012, p. 92.
  6. ↑ Martin Petzoldt (Ed.): Thomaskirche Leipzig , Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2012, p. 93.
  7. ↑ Michael Maul: “Dero famous choir”: the Leipzig Thomas School and its cantors (1212–1804) . Lehmstedt, Leipzig 2012, p. 18.
  8. ↑ Martin Petzoldt (Ed.): Thomaskirche Leipzig , Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2012, p. 94.
  9. ↑ Michael Maul: “Dero famous choir”: the Leipzig Thomas School and its cantors (1212–1804) . Lehmstedt, Leipzig 2012, p. 29.
  10. ↑ Michael Maul: The early history of the Thomaskantorat and the development of the choir until Johann Sebastian Bach took office , in: Stefan Altner / Martin Petzoldt (eds.): 800 years of Thomana, commemorative publication for the anniversary of the St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School , Stekovics, Wettin- Löbejün 2012, pp. 78-103, content from page 87.
  11. ↑ Michael Maul: “Dero famous choir”: the Leipzig Thomas School and its cantors (1212–1804) . Lehmstedt, Leipzig 2012, p. 35.
  12. ↑ Martin Petzoldt (Ed.): Thomaskirche Leipzig , Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2012, p. 95.
  13. ↑ Michael Maul: The early history of the Thomaskantorat and the development of the choir until Johann Sebastian Bach took office , in: Stefan Altner / Martin Petzoldt (eds.): 800 years of Thomana, commemorative publication for the anniversary of the St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School , Stekovics, Wettin- Löbejün 2012, pp. 78-103, content from page 89.
  14. ↑ Michael Maul: The early history of the Thomaskantorat and the development of the choir until Johann Sebastian Bach took office , in: Stefan Altner / Martin Petzoldt (eds.): 800 years of Thomana, commemorative publication for the anniversary of the St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School , Stekovics, Wettin- Löbejün 2012, pp. 78-103, content from page 91.
  15. ↑ Michael Maul: The early history of the Thomaskantorat and the development of the choir until Johann Sebastian Bach took office , in: Stefan Altner / Martin Petzoldt (eds.): 800 years of Thomana, commemorative publication for the anniversary of the St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School , Stekovics, Wettin- Löbejün 2012, pp. 78-103, content from page 92.
  16. ↑ Michael Maul: The early history of the Thomaskantorat and the development of the choir until Johann Sebastian Bach took office , in: Stefan Altner / Martin Petzoldt (eds.): 800 years of Thomana, commemorative publication for the anniversary of the St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School , Stekovics, Wettin- Löbejün 2012, pp. 78-103, content from page 93.
  17. ↑ Michael Maul: The early history of the Thomaskantorat and the development of the choir until Johann Sebastian Bach took office , in: Stefan Altner / Martin Petzoldt (eds.): 800 years of Thomana, commemorative publication for the anniversary of the St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School , Stekovics, Wettin- Löbejün 2012, pp. 78-103, content from page 94.
  18. ↑ Michael Maul: The early history of the Thomaskantorat and the development of the choir until Johann Sebastian Bach took office , in: Stefan Altner / Martin Petzoldt (eds.): 800 years of Thomana, commemorative publication for the anniversary of the St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School , Stekovics, Wettin- Löbejün 2012, pp. 78-103, content from page 97.
  19. ↑ Martin Geck : Johann Sebastian Bach , revised new edition, 6th edition, Rowohlt, Reinbek 2011, p. 92 f.
  20. ↑ Martin Petzoldt (Ed.): Thomaskirche Leipzig , Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2012, p. 98.
  21. ↑ Martin Petzoldt (Ed.): Thomaskirche Leipzig , Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2012, p. 99.
  22. ↑ Michael Maul: “Dero famous choir”: the Leipzig Thomas School and its cantors (1212–1804) . Lehmstedt, Leipzig 2012, p. 293.
  23. ^ Stefan Altner: The Thomaskantorat in the 19th century. Applicants and candidates for the Leipzig Thomaskantorat from 1842 to 1918. Source studies on the development of the Thomaskantorat and the St. Thomas Choir from the discontinuation of the public singing in 1837 to the first trip abroad in 1920 , Passage-Verlag, Leipzig 2006, p. 54.
  24. ^ Stefan Altner: The Thomaskantorat in the 19th century. Applicants and candidates for the Leipzig Thomaskantorat from 1842 to 1918. Source studies on the development of the Thomaskantorat and the St. Thomas Choir from the discontinuation of the public singing in 1837 to the first trip abroad in 1920 , Passage-Verlag, Leipzig 2006, p. 58.
  25. ^ Stefan Altner: The Thomaskantorat in the 19th century. Applicants and candidates for the Leipzig Thomaskantorat from 1842 to 1918. Source studies on the development of the Thomaskantorat and the St. Thomas Choir from the discontinuation of the public singing in 1837 to the first trip abroad in 1920 , Passage-Verlag, Leipzig 2006, p. 88.
  26. ^ Stefan Altner: The Thomaskantorat in the 19th century. Applicants and candidates for the Leipzig Thomaskantorat from 1842 to 1918. Source studies on the development of the Thomaskantorat and the St. Thomas Choir from the discontinuation of the public singing in 1837 to the first trip abroad in 1920 , Passage-Verlag, Leipzig 2006, p. 99.
  27. ^ Stefan Altner: The Thomaskantorat in the 19th century. Applicants and candidates for the Leipzig Thomaskantorat in the years 1842 to 1918. Source studies on the development of the Thomaskantorat and the St. Thomas Choir from the elimination of the public singing in 1837 to the first trip abroad in 1920 , Passage-Verlag, Leipzig 2006, p. 103.
  28. ↑ Martin Petzoldt (Ed.): Thomaskirche Leipzig , Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2012, p. 101.
  29. ↑ Martin Petzoldt (Ed.): Thomaskirche Leipzig , Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2012, p. 104.
  30. ↑ a b Martin Petzoldt (Ed.): Thomaskirche Leipzig , Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2012, p. 102 f.
  31. ↑ Christoph Krummacher: Thomaskantors and Thomas organists in their relationship to the Leipzig "Conservatorium der Musik" , in: Stefan Altner / Martin Petzoldt (eds.): 800 years of Thomana, commemorative publication for the anniversary of the St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School , Stekovics, Wettin-Löbejün 2012 , Pp. 256–265, content from page 257.
  32. ↑ Christoph Krummacher: Thomaskantors and Thomas organists in their relationship to the Leipzig "Conservatorium der Musik" , in: Stefan Altner / Martin Petzoldt (eds.): 800 years of Thomana, commemorative publication for the anniversary of the St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School , Stekovics, Wettin-Löbejün 2012 , Pp. 256–265, content from page 259.
  33. ↑ Christoph Krummacher: Thomaskantors and Thomas organists in their relationship with the Leipzig "Conservatorium der Musik" , in: Stefan Altner / Martin Petzoldt (eds.): 800 years of Thomana, commemorative publication for the anniversary of the St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School , Stekovics, Wettin-Löbejün 2012 , Pp. 256–265, content from page 260.
  34. ↑ a b Christoph Krummacher: Thomaskantors and Thomas organists in their relationship to the Leipzig "Conservatorium der Musik" , in: Stefan Altner / Martin Petzoldt (eds.): 800 years of Thomana, commemorative publication on the anniversary of the St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School , Stekovics, Wettin- Löbejün 2012, pp. 256–265, content from page 262.
  35. ↑ Christoph Krummacher: Thomaskantors and Thomas organists in their relationship with the Leipzig "Conservatorium der Musik" , in: Stefan Altner / Martin Petzoldt (eds.): 800 years of Thomana, commemorative publication for the anniversary of the St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School , Stekovics, Wettin-Löbejün 2012 , Pp. 256–265, content from page 263.
  36. ↑ Christoph Krummacher: Thomaskantors and Thomas organists in their relationship with the Leipzig "Conservatorium der Musik" , in: Stefan Altner / Martin Petzoldt (eds.): 800 years of Thomana, commemorative publication for the anniversary of the St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School , Stekovics, Wettin-Löbejün 2012 , Pp. 256–265, content from page 264.
  37. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Doris Mundus: 800 years of Thomana: Pictures on the history of St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas School and St. Thomas Choir. Lehmstedt, Leipzig 2012, p. 187.
  38. ↑ a b c d e Stefan Altner / Martin Petzoldt / Marina Täschner: life data of the Thomaskantors, rectors, deputies and directors , in: Stefan Altner / Martin Petzoldt (eds.): 800 years of Thomana, commemorative publication for the anniversary of St. Thomas Church, St. Thomas Choir and St. Thomas School , Stekovics, Wettin-Löbejün 2012 pp. 436–439, content from page 436.
  39. ↑ Michael Maul: “Dero famous choir”: the Leipzig Thomas School and its cantors (1212–1804) . Lehmstedt, Leipzig 2012, p. 17 f.
  40. ↑ a b c d e f g h Michael Maul: "Dero famous choir": the Leipzig Thomas School and its cantors (1212–1804) . Lehmstedt, Leipzig 2012, p. 329.
  41. ↑ a b c d e f g Michael Maul: “The famous choir”: the Leipzig Thomas School and its cantors (1212–1804) . Lehmstedt, Leipzig 2012, p. 330.
  42. ↑ a b c d e f Michael Maul: “The famous choir”: the Leipzig Thomas School and its cantors (1212–1804) . Lehmstedt, Leipzig 2012, p. 331.
  43. ↑ a b c d e Michael Maul: “The famous choir”: the Leipzig Thomas School and its cantors (1212–1804) . Lehmstedt, Leipzig 2012, p. 332.
  44. ^ Hans-Rainer Jung: The Gewandhaus Orchestra. Its members and its history since 1743 , Faber and Faber, Leipzig 2006, p. 86.
  45. ^ Stefan Altner: The Thomaskantorat in the 19th century. Applicants and candidates for the Leipzig Thomaskantorat from 1842 to 1918. Source studies on the development of the Thomaskantorat and the St. Thomas Choir from the discontinuation of the public singing in 1837 to the first trip abroad in 1920 , Passage-Verlag, Leipzig 2006, p. 21.
  46. ^ Martin Petzoldt: Die Thomasorganisten zu Leipzig , in: Christian Wolff (Ed.): The organs of the Thomaskirche zu Leipzig , Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2012, pp. 95-137, content from page 114.
  47. ^ Stefan Altner: The Thomaskantorat in the 19th century. Applicants and candidates for the Leipzig Thomaskantorat from 1842 to 1918. Source studies on the development of the Thomaskantorat and the St. Thomas Choir from the discontinuation of the public singing in 1837 to the first trip abroad in 1920 , Passage-Verlag, Leipzig 2006, p. 53.
  48. ^ Stefan Altner: The Thomaskantorat in the 19th century. Applicants and candidates for the Leipzig Thomaskantorat in the years 1842 to 1918. Source studies on the development of the Thomaskantorat and the St. Thomas Choir from the elimination of the public singing in 1837 to the first trip abroad in 1920 , Passage-Verlag, Leipzig 2006, p. 81 f.
  49. ^ Stefan Altner: The Thomaskantorat in the 19th century. Applicants and candidates for the Leipzig Thomaskantorat from 1842 to 1918. Source studies on the development of the Thomaskantorat and the St. Thomas Choir from the discontinuation of the public singing in 1837 to the first trip abroad in 1920 , Passage-Verlag, Leipzig 2006, p. 100.
  50. ^ Stefan Altner: The Thomaskantorat in the 19th century. Applicants and candidates for the Leipzig Thomaskantorat from 1842 to 1918. Source studies on the development of the Thomaskantorat and the St. Thomas Choir from the elimination of the public singing in 1837 to the first trip abroad in 1920 , Passage-Verlag, Leipzig 2006, p. 116.
  51. ↑ The 17th according to Bach: Gotthold Schwarz. In: Leipzig Official Journal , No. 12, June 18, 2016, p. 5.
  52. ↑ Gotthold Schwarz takes over interim in the Thomaskantorat. In: Leipzig Official Journal , No. 3, February 7, 2015, p. 2.