Werdau
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 50 ° 44 ' N , 12 ° 23' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Saxony | |
| County : | Zwickau | |
| Height : | 334 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 65.62 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 20,623 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 314 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 08412 | |
| Area code : | 03761 | |
| License plate : | Z, GC, HOT, WDA | |
| Community key : | 14 5 24 300 | |
| LOCODE : | DE WDA | |
| City structure: | Core city, 4 districts | |
City administration address : |
Markt 10–18 08412 Werdau |
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| Website : | ||
| Lord Mayor : | Sören Kristensen (UL) | |
| Location of the city of Werdau in the district of Zwickau | ||
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Werdau (in the West Saxon idiom "Werde") is a large district town in the Saxon district of Zwickau .
geography
Geographical location
The city is located on the Pleiße , on the edge of the Western Ore Mountains at an average altitude of 340 m above sea level. NN , in the west of the Erzgebirge basin and east of the Werzeit-Greizer Wald conservation area . The nearest major city is Zwickau (8 km as the crow flies), the nearest major cities are Chemnitz (39 km) and Gera (26 km) in Thuringia .
Neighboring communities
Neighboring communities are Fraureuth , Langenbernsdorf , Lichtentanne , Neukirchen and Zwickau (all districts of Zwickau) and Mohlsdorf-Teichwolframsdorf in the Thuringian district of Greiz .
City structure
The districts belong to Werdau
- Königswalde (6.51 km², since January 1, 1996),
- Steinpleis (10.06 km², since January 1, 1996),
- Langenhessen (10.19 km², since January 1, 1997) and
- Leubnitz including the Leubnitzer Waldsiedlung (29.48 km², since January 1, 1999).
The core city consists of the districts Werdau-Zentrum, Werdau-Ost, Werdau-West, Werdau-Nord, Werdau-Süd, Werdau-Sorge, Werdau-Kranzberg, Werdau-Pleißenberg, Werdau-Friedenssiedlung.
2.57 km² of the city area is devoted to agricultural use, 2.42 km² is forest and 0.66 km² is green. 0.47 km² are built up, 0.31 km² are designated as traffic areas. Water areas are 0.06 km² and 0.28 km² are subject to other types of use.
history
The city of Werdau (originally: Werde , Werda , Wertha , Werdowe called) means "Uferaue", the floodplain on the Pleiße . The area was originally covered with forests and was fought over by Slavs and Teutons for centuries . Under Charlemagne and Heinrich I , the Slavs were pushed back more and more and the advancing German settlers created what was then "Werde", which is said to have received city rights in 1298 , but was first mentioned in a document in 1304. From 1306 to 1398 Werdau was under Russian rule . In 1398 the city came under the rule of the Wettins , the later electors and kings of Saxony. Werdau was already a center of cloth making in the 14th century , which was replaced by the textile industry in the 19th century . The location of Werdau on the Reichenbach - Altenburg - Leipzig road is interesting , as this was used to transport the goods produced. Werdau was the city of cloth and cloth makers and they visited markets and trade fairs not only in Leipzig, but also in Naumburg and Braunschweig and traded in Franconia , Swabia and Switzerland .
The city was initially surrounded by a city wall and had the right to brew beer . The pottery was practiced, there were saddlers , tanners , blacksmiths and the forest use with rafting . In Werdau there was a witch hunt between 1557 and 1560 : The midwife Margarethe Stellmacher got into a witch trial and was executed . There are few records from that time, so a pen drawing by the painter Wilhelm Dilich from 1628 is particularly valuable. The inner city center only comprised the market square with the town hall, Weberstrasse and Burgstrasse and a few narrow side streets. The north gate led into the lower suburb, today's Leipziger Strasse, and into the new town that was built around 1500, today's Ronneburger Strasse. There was also a castle on the east wall of the city, which fell victim to the city fire of 1670. The south gate of the city wall at the end of the market was demolished in 1835. Its stones were used for the foundation walls of the later " Gerhart Hauptmann School". On May 1st, 1756 there was a big fire in Werdau, which destroyed almost the whole city and the old town hall. After that, the city grew and by 1792 the population was 2792 and by 1815 it was 3461. The increasing number of inhabitants is mainly due to the strong development of trade and industry . A new town hall was built and the old one was only demolished in 1913. There was a brewery in Werdau since 1879.
The town hall, which still exists today, was inaugurated on April 26, 1911. The Saxon king also took part in the inauguration and they signed the city's golden book .
Sport played a major role in Werdau; The first gymnastics community in Saxony and the entire German-speaking area was founded as early as 1846. In addition, Werdau became a handball stronghold and gyms, bowling alleys and the municipal summer pool built in 1926 were built. The Marienkirche, built in 1764, was set on fire again on January 20, 1863 after a lightning strike. Only then was the bell tower built in its current form. In 1926, after several delays, the construction of a Catholic church dedicated to St. Boniface began in Werdau. The Catholic community had grown steadily over time due to the influx of Catholics from rural areas in the east who were looking for work in the factories. The church was consecrated on May 5, 1929 by the Bishop of Meissen .
In administrative terms, Werdau belonged to the Zwickau district administration from 1874 , then in 1924 achieved the status of an independent city , one of the smallest in Germany, and was reintegrated into the Zwickau district in 1946. Through the territorial reform of 1952, Werdau became the district town of the Werdau district and, from 1994, of the Zwickauer Land district .
The city of Werdau was not spared from the two world wars. Around 500 citizens lost their lives in World War II . From April 9, 1945 there were several air raids by the 9th Air Force (9th Air Fleet of the US Army Air Force ). In addition, the artillery positioned on Reichsautobahn 4 near Crimmitschau shelled the city. This resulted in deaths in the double-digit range as well as the destruction of several buildings in the area of the train station and the city center. After minor skirmishes with Volkssturm units , Werdau was finally handed over to the American troops at the entrance to Ronneburger Straße since midday on April 16, 1945 at around 3 p.m.
A short time later they had to hand over the city to the Red Army according to the agreed zone boundaries . After the end of the war, the demarcation line between the Americans and the Soviets initially ran along the Zwickau Mulde. Then, as in the entire Soviet occupation zone, a so-called "anti-fascist-democratic upheaval" began. Among other things, land reforms were implemented and state- owned enterprises were set up . In 1951 the National Reconstruction Organization was created , through which, with voluntary assistance, for the general good of the population and the like. a. Work in the "Richard Wagner Park" and in the "Stadtpark am Roten Berg" were carried out. The sports grounds and recreational area "An den Teichen" were also created at that time. One built u. a. converted a former Nazi parade ground into today's stadium in Landwehrgrund. In Werdauer high schoolers process was sentenced in 1951 a total of 19 students because of protest against the SED dictatorship to prison terms ranging from 2 to 15 years ' imprisonment . 1952 Werdau within was circular reforms in the GDR the district Karl-Marx-Stadt been divided. Werdau was the seat of the district of Werdau .
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Particularly noteworthy is the housing policy in Werdau during the GDR era. From 1949 to 1988 over 6040 apartments were built in the city, for example the former residential area Ernst Grube (Werdau-Sorge), since 1987. As everywhere in the GDR, the old buildings fell into disrepair over the years due to the general shortage. Building materials for repairs were hard to come by for private individuals. The industrial panel construction to create living space was cheaper for the state and promised a quick increase in the standard of living. As a result, living conditions had improved significantly for many citizens of Werwohn. At the same time, however, many abandoned buildings in the city center fell into disrepair and the first large-scale demolitions occurred, as people now often lived in the large housing estates on the outskirts. The industrial and commercial development of the city was also of great importance at that time. Up to 1989 there were 46 state-owned companies from the textile industry, the metal processing industry and vehicle construction (cf., for example, the Ernst Grube motor vehicle factory ). Furthermore, there were nine production cooperatives of the handicrafts (PGH) as well as 180 independent traders and traders. After 1989, as everywhere in the former GDR, there were major changes in Werdau. Many factories were closed and dozens of factories have been demolished to this day because they were no longer used. The former textile industry is history and the introduction of market economy principles and the opening to the world market brought about the decline of industry in many places. The textile industry in particular was not competitive due to the outdated equipment and the comparatively high prices. The emigration to the old federal states that began after reunification has meanwhile given way to an almost balanced migration balance. Nonetheless, the population is falling continuously due to the low birth rates. As a result of the incorporation of the neighboring communities Königswalde, Steinpleis, Langenhessen and Leubnitz in the years from 1996 to 1999, the number of inhabitants rose again somewhat according to the overview of the State Statistical Office of Saxony (see overview below) .
The fact that the cityscape of Werdau has changed since the fall of the Wall cannot be overlooked. The former residential area Ernst Grube (Werdau-Sorge), the prefabricated housing estate that was built in 1987, was completely demolished between 2003 and 2016.
In 2012, Johannisplatz (formerly Ernst-Thälmann-Platz) was redesigned and given its original form.
Population development
Development of the population (from 1960 December 31) :
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1834 to 1950 |
1960 to 2000
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2001 to 2011
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from 2012
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Data source from 1998: State Statistical Office Saxony
The increase in the number of inhabitants from 1995 onwards comes from the incorporation of the neighboring communities of Königswalde, Steinpleis, Langenhessen and Leubnitz.
politics
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City council
In the municipal council elections of 1994 and 2004, the PDS was the strongest party, in the other elections since 1990 the CDU was always the strongest parliamentary group.
Lord Mayor
In 2012, Stefan Czarnecki (CDU) was elected to succeed Ralf Tittmann (Die Linke) in the second ballot. In 2019, Stefan Czarnecki announced his renewed candidacy, but was defeated in the first (and therefore only) ballot to the sole competitor Sören Kristensen (independent list).
coat of arms
Blazon : "In silver under a round arch on a jointed red brick wall, a bishop with a crook in his right hand, at his feet a jumping doe with an arrow in its chest." There is a legend about the creation of the city's coat of arms:
- When Werdau was still a forest, a bishop named Egidius once hunted there . He got lost, tired from hunting, and fell asleep. Awakened by a noise, he woke up and shouted "WHO THERE?" A wounded deer had prostrated in front of him and put its legs on the bishop's lap. The bishop compassionately drew the arrow from the deer's wound and freed the animal from its torments. After a long and arduous hike, the bishop found his way back to his people. On the way there, however, he had decided to clear the forest, create a city and build a town hall in the place where the deer had come to him. The city finally got its name from the bishop's exclamation "WHO THERE?" This bishop with the staff and the deer can now be seen in the city's coat of arms and on the town hall.
The coat of arms first appeared without a doe and bow on a city seal from 1403. A coat of arms stone from the city wall from 1480 shows the deer, the bow has appeared since 1583.
Town twinning
Werdau is connected through town twinning with Röthenbach an der Pegnitz in Bavaria (since 1990) and Kempen in North Rhine-Westphalia .
Culture and sights
Museums
The City and Steam Engine Museum Werdau presents representations and models from the city and local industrial history as well as one of the largest collections of Fraureuther porcelain in Germany. The museum also includes a steam engine from 1899 and a museum garden railway.
Buildings
The historic market square, dominated by the neo-renaissance town hall with architectural details in neo-baroque and art nouveau by Wilhelm Kretzschmar (1909–1911, including designs by other architects), fountains and houses from different style periods is a listed area. North-east of the market is the baroque town church St. Marien from 1760. The advertisement clock in August-Bebel-Strasse, which leads south from the market, is a landmark of Werdau. Also worth seeing is the Roman Catholic Church of St. Boniface with a rectory in the part of the city center west of the railway line. In the ladies' salon of the listed Hotel Katharinenhof , an Art Nouveau villa, a regional, possibly Germany-wide unique glass bead window with floral patterns can be viewed. In addition, the Werzeit Genealogy Library is available to the public there.
Cemetery chapel in the city cemetery
Ernst-Thälmann- Monument - removed from Johannisplatz in 2012 and initially stored in the museum
Marienkirche
Advertisement clock
Roman Catholic Church of St. Boniface
Glass bead window ( Art Nouveau ) in the Hotel Katharinenhof
Fountain at the city park
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Water features
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There are two public water features for which the city administration is responsible:
- Fountain on the market square (inaugurated on July 11, 2002)
- Eulenspiegelbrunnen in Weberstrasse
In addition, there has been a floating fountain in Landwehrgrund since 2015. In the summer months, this runs at set times and on request at the push of a button. This fountain is operated by the local homeland association.
Memorials
- Victory Column to commemorate the 13 who fell during the Franco-German War of 1870/71. In 1946 the column was overturned and the base buried in the ground. In 1986 the SED had a simple concrete bust erected in honor of Ernst Thälmann. During the renovation work in 2012, the base of the column was recovered and rebuilt in its original location. The now damaged bust is stored in the city museum. A decision is still to be made about the repositioning of the bust and the possible completion of the column.
- Memorial stone with relief in honor of Friedrich von Schiller in the Steinpleis district .
- Memorial room in St. Mary's Church with a war memorial and the names of the 1922 who died in 932 in World War I. The sculpture in the middle of the room was the work of the Berlin sculptor Hans Dammann . After the Second World War, the memorial room including the sculpture was destroyed by order of the communist rulers. The name tablets that have been preserved are now in the unadorned tower room of the church.
- War memorial in honor of the period of the Saxon Infantry Regiment 105 who fell in World War I on the memorial square. The figure of a seated, propped up warrior with a laurel wreath was again created by Hans Damman in 1923. Due to the uneasy political situation, the memorial could not be consecrated until 1924. In 1946 the communist mayor Gerhard Thiemann, who had already opposed the memorial initiated by the Stahlhelm and other conservative circles in 1923, had it removed. In 2012, heavily weathered parts of the monument base were found in the garden of today's city museum.
- War memorial in Kirchschulstrasse in honor of the soldiers who died in World War I in the Langenhessen district .
- A grave in the cemetery in the Königswalde district commemorates an unknown Polish prisoner of war who was the victim of forced labor in 1942 .
- Tombs of unknown concentration camp prisoners in the local cemetery and the cemetery in the district Steinpleis that at a death march of concentration camp prisoners from one of the satellite camp of Buchenwald in April 1945 by SS men were killed.
- A portrait bust and a memorial plaque in front of the former VEB motor vehicle factory "Ernst Grube", today Fahrzeugwerk Werdau GmbH , commemorated the communist works council chairman of the former wagon factory as well as state parliament and later Reichstag member Ernst Grube , who continued to live despite repeated imprisonment in concentration camps Participated in the resistance and died in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in 1945 . The bust is now in the courtyard of the city museum.
- Soviet memorial on the memorial square. The monumental relief on one wall is the work of the Zwickau sculptor Edmund Schorisch and was inaugurated on what was then Leninplatz in 1960. Three Red Army soldiers are shown in fraternization gestures with the German civilian population. Official memorial events and political demonstrations took place at the site in front of the memorial until 1989. Since Werdau was not captured by the Soviet Army in 1945, but by the Americans, the memorial should be seen more as a symbol of the historical image of the liberation of Germany by the Soviet Union and of the officially cultivated German-Soviet friendship in the GDR . It is not a Soviet war cemetery.
Sports
There are 26 sports clubs in Werdau. The sports club Sachsen 90 Werdau e. V. has the largest number of members with over 900 members. Over 300 children and young people train under the guidance of trainers and instructors from popular sports to disabled sports . Wrestling is a popular sport in Werdau . On the track record of the Athleten Club 1897 Werdau e. V. owns over 100 medals at German championships. Whether football , judo , swimming , diving , table tennis , gymnastics or bowling - the Werzeit sports clubs offer a wide range of leisure activities:
- SV Rot-Weiß Werdau e. V. (football, athletics, skiing, volleyball, bowling, aerobics, etc.)
- Stadium "An den Teichen" and Sachsen arena Werdau (sports fields)
- WEBALU indoor and outdoor swimming pool, Ziegelstrasse
- Beach and natural pool at Koberbach reservoir in the OT Langenhessen
- Outdoor swimming pool OT Leubnitz
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
Werdau lies in the triangle of the A 9 , A 4 and A 72 federal motorways . The construction of the direct motorway feeder between the A 4 and the A 72 ensured that Werdau can be reached quickly thanks to its favorable location and proximity to the Saxon industrial centers in the metropolitan region of Central Germany . This ensured good conditions for industrial and commercial settlements in Werdau. Bundesstraße 175 runs through Werdau in an east-west direction .
The Werdau railway station is located at the Leipzig-Hof railway from Leipzig to court over Reichenbach (Vogtl) ob Bf and Plauen (Vogtl) ob Bf ( Saxon-Bavarian railway Compagnie ) . There is a connection from the direction of Zwickau and Chemnitz on the Dresden – Werdau railway line ( Saxony-Franconia Magistrale ) via the Werdau triangle . Until 1999 there was also a railway connection with the Werdau – Mehltheuer railway line via Teichwolframsdorf to Wünschendorf / Elster near Gera . Since December 15, 2013, the S-Bahn has been connecting Central Germany Werdau with the lines S 5 and S 5X with Leipzig / Halle and Halle (Saale) airports .
Established businesses
Since the beginning of the 20th century , the city has been home to the textile industry , mechanical engineering and precision measurement technology as well as vehicle construction . In the VEB motor vehicle plant "Ernst Grube" Werdau , the S4000 truck was built and its successor, the W50, was developed.
Public facilities
childcare
In Werdau there are the day-care centers “Sonnenschein” (Werdau-Ost), “Pusteblume” (Werdau-Ost), “Kinderland” of Johanniter-Unfall-Hilfe e. V. (Werdau-Ost), "Schöne Aussicht" (Werdau-West), "House of Little Feet" (Werdau- Langenhessen ), "Zwergenland" (Werdau- Steinpleis ), "Villa Kunterbunt" (Werdau- Königswalde ) and " Whirlwind ”( Werdau-Leubnitz ).
Clinics
The Pleißental Clinic (Werdau-Pleißenberg) acts as a public-sector hospital with standard care with 270 beds. The new clinic in Werdau-Pleißenberg replaced the Werdau district hospital (Werdau center), which was closed in 1999. The managing director is also responsible for the Rudolf Virchow Klinikum Glauchau . The Eubios Academy is a state-recognized training facility for health professions.
library
With its 150-year history, the Werdau City Library is one of the oldest libraries in Saxony and testifies to the early civic developments in the city in the middle of the 19th century. It offers reading promotion programs for children and cooperates with local schools and educational institutions. It is located together with the Werdau City and Steam Engine Museum in the “Baumgartschen Haus”. Both institutions form a cultural ensemble.
education
The large district town has a grammar school, a vocational school center for business, health & technology with a vocational grammar school, as well as high schools and elementary schools:
- Elementary schools
- Gerhart Hauptmann Primary School (Werdau Center)
- Environmental school (Werdau-Ost)
- Elementary School Leubnitz (Werdau-Leubnitz)
- High schools and high schools
- Alexander von Humboldt Gymnasium (Werdau Center)
- Vocational school center for business, health and technology in the district of Zwickau (Werdau center)
- Diesterweg High School (Werdau-West)
- Oberschule Leubnitz (Werdau-Leubnitz)
- Other schools
- District Music School " Clara Wieck " (Werdau Center)
- Vocational school for paramedics (Werdau-Kranzberg)
- Vocational school for geriatric care and nursing assistance (Werdau-Kranzberg)
- Vocational school for social affairs in the Werdau educational center of the bsw gGmbH (Werdau-Süd)
- Landessportschule Sachsen e. V. (Werdau-West)
- Sonnenbergschule - special school for the mentally handicapped (Werdau-Nord)
Personalities
literature
- We are here for you . Brochure about the city of Werdau. Datalog-Verlag (in cooperation with the city of Werdau and Ms. Inge Voigt), Berlin 2007.
- The district of Werdau. Interesting facts from the past and present. 1st edition. Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1994, ISBN 3-89264-886-7 .
- Be like it used to be. 1st edition. Wartberg, Gudensberg 1992, ISBN 3-925277-76-5 .
- Franz Otto Stichert: Chronicle of the city of Werdau . Leipzig 1841 ( e-copy ).
- Franz Tetzner: The Electoral Saxon office of Werdau under the Ernestines . In: New archive for Saxon history and antiquity 33 , 1912, pp. 1–35.
- Franz Tetzner: The Electoral Saxon office of Werdau under the Albertines up to the Thirty Years War . In: New archive for Saxon history and antiquity 35 , 1914, pp. 39–67.
Web links
- Werdau in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Be before and now
- Sport in Werdau
- Glass bead window in Werdau Baufachinformation.de
- Article about the Art Nouveau window in Werdau at Monumente Online
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019 ( help on this ).
- ↑ a b StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1996
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1997
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1999
- ↑ Manfred Wilde: The sorcery and witch trials in Saxony. Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2003, p. 633 f.
- ↑ imapo.net The history of the Feldschlösschen brewery in Werdau ( Memento of the original from March 14, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
- ^ Norbert Peschke , Lorenz Zentgraf: The end of the war in the Zwickau region 1945. Erfurt 2005, pp. 19–39.
- ↑ Trial of Wer duration high school students .
- ^ VEB IFA motor vehicle construction "Ernst Grube" Werdau. (No longer available online.) Chemnitz State Archives, archived from the original on July 7, 2013 ; Retrieved September 11, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Uwe Mühlhausen: Sorge records will disappear by 2017. In: Free Press. January 25, 2011, accessed September 9, 2012 .
- ↑ Chemnitzer Verlag und Druck GmbH & Co. KG: The last prefabricated buildings fall. In: Freiepresse.de. Retrieved March 26, 2016 .
- ↑ Johannisplatz receives a fresh cell treatment. In: L (i) just in Werdau. Werdau city administration, March 1, 2012, accessed on September 11, 2012 .
- ↑ http://www.sz-online.de/sachsen/amts-und-farbwechsel-im-werurance-rathaus-1701162.html
- ↑ a b Manfred Bensing, Karlheinz Blaschke, Karl Czok, Gerhard Kehrer, Heinz Machatscheck: Lexicon cities and coats of arms of the GDR . Ed .: Heinz Göschel. 2nd Edition. Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig 1984, OCLC 12946315 , p. 486 .
- ^ Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Sachsen II. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 1998, p. 1022.
- ↑ "Wasser marsch!", In: Blick am Sonntag, May 16, 2015, p. 1.
- ↑ bildindex.de
- ↑ Free Press, September 11, 2014.
- ↑ Free Press, September 2, 2014.
- ↑ Illustration of the monument
- ↑ Michael Kellner: Politics has a huge impact on the area. Freie Presse, July 30, 2016, accessed on May 5, 2018 (German).
- ↑ Uwe Mühlhausen: Werdau: 100 year old remains of monuments discovered in the museum. Freie Presse, August 14, 2012, accessed on May 5, 2018 (German).
- ↑ Photo from 1996
- ↑ Michael Kellner: Politics has a huge impact on the area. Freie Presse, July 30, 2016, accessed on May 5, 2018 (German).
- ^ Pleißental-Klinik GmbH - The hospital in Werdau - Imprint. Retrieved July 26, 2017 .
- ↑ Imprint: Glauchau Clinic. Retrieved July 26, 2017 .
- ^ City of Werdau: Werdau - kissed by the muses. A brief history of the Werwert cultural institutions . Ed .: Hans-Jürgen Beier. Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar 2016, ISBN 978-3-86595-641-5 , p. 26-38 .
- ^ Vocational school center for business, health and technology in the district of Zwickau. Retrieved September 11, 2012 .
- ^ Diesterweg School. Retrieved September 11, 2012 .
