District reforms in the GDR

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The article District reforms in the GDR covers the implementation of area reforms at district level, i.e. the urban and rural districts (urban districts and districts) in the GDR . The changes to the district structures made after the integration of the GDR into the Federal Republic of Germany can be found in the article District reforms in Germany after 1990 .

District reforms

In all five states of the GDR, laws to change the district and municipal boundaries were passed in April 1950, the implementation of which came into effect on July 1, 1950. In connection with the change in the district and municipality boundaries, a law on changing the boundaries of the federal states of July 13, 1950 came into effect retrospectively on July 1, 1950 .

With effect from July 25, 1952, the federal states were dissolved. Districts took their place . At this time, a major district reform also came into force.

On December 4, 1952, there were small corrective measures to this major reform. The number of circles remained unchanged.

In the following years, small regional reforms led to the creation and dissolution of urban districts and changes in the number of districts.

In the case of the circles, these affected changes

These changes affected the city districts

Designations

Since the "order of the structure and the operation of the state bodies of the circle" of 24 July 1952, now one of the were districts belonging counties as circles out. The district regulations of the dissolved states were suspended on January 25, 1957 by Section 49 of the Act on Local Organs of State Power of January 18, 1957.

In § 2 of this, the “city council” is designated for the “city district” and the “district council” for the “district” as the “local people's representatives”. The same designations are also used in Section 1 of the “Law on Local People's Representations and their Organs in the German Democratic Republic” of July 12, 1973. Only in the law on the local people's representatives in the German Democratic Republic of July 4, 1985 is there no longer any talk of districts - on the other hand, of "districts" in the sole meaning of district, e.g. B. in Section 39. Almost five years later, the “Law on the Self-Administration of Municipalities and Districts in the GDR (Municipal Constitution)” of May 17, 1990 returns to the designation “District”. For the first time, municipalities that are not part of a district are no longer referred to as "urban districts", but only as "urban districts".

Berlin (capital of the GDR)

On the status of the eastern part of the city → East Berlin

  • 1961 , January 1st:
enlargement

Brandenburg

When the German Democratic Republic was founded, the following urban and rural districts existed in the country:

City districts: Brandenburg an der Havel , Cottbus , Eberswalde , Forst (Lausitz) , Frankfurt (Oder) , Guben , Potsdam , Rathenow and Wittenberge
Counties: Angermünde , Beeskow-Storkow , Calau , Cottbus , Guben , Lebus , Lübben , Luckau , Luckenwalde , Niederbarnim , Oberbarnim , Osthavelland , Ostprignitz , Prenzlau , Ruppin , Spremberg , Teltow , Templin , Westhavelland , Westprignitz and Zauch-Belzig

On July 25, 1952, it was dissolved into the districts of Cottbus (main part), Frankfurt and Potsdam . On October 3, 1990, it was rebuilt from the Cottbus, Frankfurt and Potsdam districts. The Hoyerswerda and Weißwasser districts were ceded to Saxony and Jessen to Saxony-Anhalt. The district of Perleberg became from the district of Schwerin and the districts of Prenzlau and Templin were reclassified from the district of Neubrandenburg to Brandenburg.

  • 1950 , July 1st:
resolution
Inclusion
Neoplasm
enlargement
  • 1950 , August 1st:
enlargement
  • 1950 , October 15:
enlargement
  • 1951 , August 1st:
enlargement
  • 1952 , July 25th:
resolution
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
October 7, 1949 9 21st
July 1, 1950 2 21st

Mecklenburg (-Vorpommern)

When the German Democratic Republic was founded, the following urban and rural districts existed in the country (without the addition of Western Pomerania ):

City districts: Greifswald , Güstrow , Rostock , Schwerin , Stralsund and Wismar
Counties: Anklam , Demmin , Greifswald , Grimmen , Güstrow , Hagenow , Ludwigslust , Malchin , Neubrandenburg , Neustrelitz , Parchim , Randow , Rostock , Rügen , Schönberg , Schwerin , Stralsund , Ueckermünde , Usedom , Waren and Wismar

On July 25, 1952, it was dissolved into the districts of Neubrandenburg (main part), Rostock and Schwerin (main part). On October 3, 1990 it was rebuilt from the districts of Neubrandenburg, Rostock and Schwerin under the name Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania . The Perleberg , Prenzlau and Templin districts were ceded to the State of Brandenburg.

  • 1950 , July 1st:
resolution
Inclusion
Exchange of territory
Neoplasm
renaming
enlargement
  • 1951 , October 1st:
enlargement
  • 1952 , July 25th:
resolution
Inclusion
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
October 7, 1949 6th 21st
July 1, 1950 4th 20th

Saxony

When the German Democratic Republic was founded, the following urban and rural districts existed in the country:

City districts: Chemnitz , Dresden , Görlitz , Leipzig , Plauen and Zwickau
Counties: Annaberg , Aue , Auerbach , Bautzen , Borna , Chemnitz , Dippoldiswalde , Döbeln , Dresden , Flöha , Freiberg , Glauchau , Grimma , Großenhain , Hoyerswerda , Kamenz , Leipzig , Löbau , Marienberg , Meißen , Niesky , Oelsnitz , Oschatz , Pirna , Plauen , Rochlitz , Stollberg , Zittau and Zwickau

On July 25, 1952, it was dissolved into the districts of Chemnitz (from May 10, 1953 to December 31, 1989, Karl-Marx-Stadt district ) , Dresden and Leipzig (main part). On October 3, 1990, it was re-established as the Free State of Saxony from the districts of Chemnitz, Dresden and Leipzig. The Altenburg and Schmölln districts were ceded to the state of Thuringia. The Hoyerswerda and Weißwasser districts were reclassified from the Cottbus district to Saxony.

  • 1950 , July 1st:
resolution
Exchange of territory
enlargement
  • 1951 , October 1st:
enlargement
  • 1951 , December 17th:
Outsourcing
Neoplasm
  • 1952 , July 25th:
resolution
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
October 7, 1949 6th 29
July 1, 1950 6th 28
17th December 1951 8th 29

Saxony-Anhalt

When the German Democratic Republic was founded, the following urban and rural districts existed in the country:

City districts: Aschersleben , Bernburg , Burg , Dessau , Eisleben , Halberstadt , Halle (Saale) , Köthen , Magdeburg , Merseburg , Naumburg , Quedlinburg , Salzwedel , Schönebeck , Stendal , Weißenfels , Wittenberg , Zeitz and Zerbst
Counties: Ballenstedt , Bernburg , Bitterfeld , Blankenburg , Calbe (Saale) , Delitzsch , Dessau-Köthen , Eckartsberga , Gardelegen , Haldensleben , Jerichow I , Jerichow II , Liebenwerda , Mansfelder Gebirgskreis , Mansfelder Seekreis , Merseburg , Oschersleben , Osterburg , Quedlinburg , Querfurt , Saalkreis , Salzwedel , Sangerhausen , Schweinitz , Stendal , Torgau , Wanzleben , Weißenfels , Wernigerode , Wittenberg , Wolmirstedt , Zeitz and Zerbst

On July 25, 1952, it was dissolved into the districts of Halle (main part), Magdeburg and Cottbus (partially). On October 3, 1990 it was rebuilt from the districts of Halle and Magdeburg. The Artern district was ceded to Thuringia. The Jessen district was reclassified from the Cottbus district to Saxony-Anhalt.

  • 1950 , July 1st:
resolution
Inclusion
Neoplasm
renaming
enlargement
  • 1952 , July 25th:
resolution
Inclusion
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
October 7, 1949 19th 33
July 1, 1950 4th 30th

Thuringia

When the German Democratic Republic was founded, the following urban and rural districts existed in the country:

City districts: Altenburg , Apolda , Arnstadt , Eisenach , Erfurt , Gera , Gotha , Greiz , Jena , Mühlhausen / Thuringia , Nordhausen and Weimar
Counties: Altenburg , Arnstadt , Eisenach , Gera , Gotha , Greiz , Hildburghausen , Langensalza , Meiningen , Mühlhausen , Nordhausen , Rudolstadt , Saalfeld , Schleiz , Schmalkalden , Sondershausen , Sonneberg , Stadtroda , Suhl , Weimar , Weißensee and Worbis

On July 25, 1952, it was dissolved in the districts of Erfurt , Gera and Suhl and partially in the district of Leipzig . On October 3rd, 1990 it was re-established as the Free State of Thuringia from the districts of Erfurt, Gera and Suhl. The Altenburg and Schmölln districts were reclassified from the Leipzig district and the Artern district was reclassified from the Halle district to Thuringia.

  • 1950 , July 1st:
resolution
Inclusion
Exchange of territory
Neoplasm
enlargement
  • 1952 , February 1st:
enlargement
  • 1952 , July 25th:
resolution
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
October 7, 1949 12 22nd
July 1, 1950 4th 21st

Chemnitz district

On July 25, 1952, the Chemnitz district was newly formed. Before that, its urban and rural districts belonged to the state of Saxony, which had belonged to the GDR since October 7, 1949. On May 10, 1953, it was renamed the Karl-Marx-Stadt district . With legal effect from January 1, 1990, the district was renamed the Chemnitz district again (renamed).

  • 1952 , July 25th:
Neoplasm
enlargement
  • 1952 , December 4th:
Exchange of territory
enlargement
  • 1953 , May 10th:
renaming
  • 1990 , January 1st:
renaming
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
July 25, 1952 5 21st
June 20, 1957 4th 21st
November 23, 1958 3 21st

The table also refers to the Karl-Marx-Stadt district.

Cottbus district

On July 25, 1952, the Cottbus district was newly formed. Before that, its urban and rural districts belonged to the states of Brandenburg, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt, which had belonged to the GDR since October 7, 1949.

  • 1952 , July 25th:
Neoplasm
enlargement
  • 1952 , December 4th:
enlargement
  • 1954 , March 1st:
Outsourcing
  • 1954 , July 1st:
enlargement
  • 1957 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1966 , December 15th:
enlargement
  • of the district of Lübben around the municipality of Zaue of the district of Beeskow , district of Frankfurt (merger with the municipality of Ressen (district of Lübben) to form the municipality of Ressen-Zaue)
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
July 25, 1952 - 14th
March 1, 1954 1 14th

Dresden district

On July 25, 1952, the Dresden district was newly formed. Before that, its urban and rural districts belonged to the state of Saxony, which had belonged to the GDR since October 7, 1949.

  • 1952 , July 25th:
Exchange of territory
Neoplasm
enlargement
  • 1952 , December 4th:
enlargement
  • 1957 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1960 , January 1st:
Exchange of territory
  • 1969 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1979 , January 1st:
enlargement
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
July 25, 1952 2 15th

District of Erfurt

On July 25, 1952, the Erfurt district was newly formed. Before that, its urban and rural districts belonged to the state of Thuringia, which had belonged to the GDR since October 7, 1949.

  • 1952 , July 25th:
Neoplasm
enlargement
  • 1952 , December 4th:
Exchange of territory
enlargement
  • 1956 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1957 , January 1st:
enlargement
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
July 25, 1952 2 13

Frankfurt (Oder) district

On July 25, 1952, the Frankfurt district was newly formed. Before that, its urban and rural districts belonged to the state of Brandenburg, which had belonged to the GDR since October 7, 1949.

  • 1952 , July 25th:
Outsourcing
Neoplasm
enlargement
  • 1952 , December 4th:
enlargement
  • 1953 , February 1st:
Outsourcing
  • 1953 , May 7th:
renaming
  • 1956 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1957 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1961 , September 17th:
Outsourcing
  • 1961 , November 13th:
renaming
  • 1973 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1974 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1974 , March 1st:
enlargement
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
July 25, 1952 1 9
February 1, 1953 2 9
17th September 1961 3 9

Gera district

On July 25, 1952, the Gera district was newly formed. Before that, its urban and rural districts belonged to the state of Thuringia, which had belonged to the GDR since October 7, 1949.

  • 1952 , July 25th:
Neoplasm
enlargement
  • 1952 . December 4th:
Exchange of territory
enlargement
  • 1956 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1957 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1958 , July 1st:
enlargement
  • 1968 , June 1st:
enlargement
  • 1969 , April 1st:
enlargement
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
July 25, 1952 2 11

Halle district

On July 25, 1952, the Halle district was newly formed. Before that, its urban and rural districts belonged to the states of Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia, which had belonged to the GDR since October 7, 1949.

  • 1952 , July 25th:
Exchange of territory
Neoplasm
enlargement
  • 1952 , December 4th:
enlargement
  • 1956 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1957 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1967 , May 12th:
Neoplasm
  • 1979 , April 1st:
enlargement
  • 1990 , May 6th:
Inclusion
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
July 25, 1952 2 20th
May 12, 1967 3 20th
May 6, 1990 2 20th

Karl-Marx-Stadt district

The district was created on May 10, 1953 by renaming the Chemnitz district . With legal effect from January 1, 1990, the district was renamed the Chemnitz district again (renamed).

  • 1953 , May 10th:
renaming
  • 1956 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1957 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1957 , June 20th:
enlargement
  • 1958 , November 23:
enlargement
  • 1967 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1968 , September 1st:
enlargement
  • 1990 , January 1st:
renaming
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
July 25, 1952 5 21st
June 20, 1957 4th 21st
November 23, 1958 3 21st

The table also refers to the Chemnitz district.

Leipzig district

On July 25, 1952, the Leipzig district was newly formed. Before that, its urban and rural districts belonged to the states of Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Thuringia, which had belonged to the GDR since October 7, 1949.

  • 1952 , July 25th:
Neoplasm
enlargement
  • 1952 , December 4th:
enlargement
  • 1953 , April 1st:
Exchange of territory
enlargement
  • 1953 , May 1st:
enlargement
  • 1954 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1957 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1973 , April 1st:
enlargement
  • 1974 , January 1st:
enlargement
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
July 25, 1952 1 12

Magdeburg district

On July 25, 1952, the Magdeburg district was newly formed. Before that, its urban and rural districts belonged to the state of Saxony-Anhalt, which had belonged to the GDR since October 7, 1949.

  • 1952 , July 25th:
Exchange of territory
Neoplasm
enlargement
  • 1952 , December 4th:
enlargement
  • 1957 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1957 , June 20th:
Dissolution of the Loburg district and division into the Brandenburg-Land , Potsdam, Burg (main part) and Zerbst districts
enlargement
  • 1965 , July 2nd:
Inclusion
  • 1974 , April 17th:
enlargement
  • 1979 , April 1st:
enlargement
  • 1988 , January 1st:
resolution
enlargement
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
July 25, 1952 1 21st
June 20, 1957 1 20th
July 2, 1965 1 19th
January 1, 1988 1 17th

Neubrandenburg district

On July 25, 1952, the Neubrandenburg district was newly formed. Before that, its urban and rural districts belonged to the states of Mecklenburg and Brandenburg, which had belonged to the GDR since October 7, 1949.

  • 1952 , July 25th:
Exchange of territory
Neoplasm
enlargement
  • 1952 , December 4th:
Exchange of territory
enlargement
  • 1957 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1962 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1969 , January 1st:
Outsourcing
  • 1973 , July 1st:
enlargement
  • 1974 , January 1st:
enlargement
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
July 25, 1952 - 14th
1st January 1969 1 14th

Potsdam district

On July 25, 1952, the Potsdam district was newly formed. Before that, its urban and rural districts belonged to the state of Brandenburg, which had belonged to the GDR since October 7, 1949.

  • 1952 , July 25th:
Neoplasm
enlargement
  • 1952 , December 4th:
Exchange of territory
enlargement
  • 1954 , October 1st:
enlargement
  • 1956 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1957 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1957 , June 20th:
enlargement
  • 1958 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1961 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1962 , March 29th:
enlargement
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
July 25, 1952 2 15th

Rostock district

On July 25, 1952, the Rostock district was newly formed. Before that, its urban and rural districts belonged to the state of Mecklenburg, which had belonged to the GDR since October 7, 1949.

  • 1952 , July 25th:
Neoplasm
  • 1952 , December 4th:
enlargement
  • 1956 , January 1st:
Inclusion
Neoplasm
enlargement
  • 1958 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1960 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1968 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1974 , January 1st:
Outsourcing
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
July 25, 1952 3 11
January 1, 1956 3 10
1st January 1968 4th 10

Schwerin district

On July 25, 1952, the Schwerin district was newly formed. Before that, its urban and rural districts belonged to the states of Mecklenburg and Brandenburg, which had belonged to the GDR since October 7, 1949.

  • 1952 , July 25th:
Neoplasm
enlargement
reduction
  • 1952 , December 4th:
enlargement
  • 1957 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1960 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1961 , July 1st:
enlargement
  • 1970 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1973 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1974 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1974 , April 25th:
enlargement
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
July 25, 1952 1 10

District of Suhl

On July 25, 1952, the Suhl district was newly formed. Before that, its urban and rural districts belonged to the state of Thuringia, which had belonged to the GDR since October 7, 1949.

  • 1952 , July 25th:
Neoplasm
enlargement
  • 1952 , December 4th:
enlargement
  • 1957 , January 1st:
enlargement
  • 1967 , May 12th:
Outsourcing
  • 1976 , March:
enlargement
  • 1979 , April 1st:
enlargement
Number of urban and rural districts
date City districts
number
Counties
number
July 25, 1952 - 8th
May 12, 1967 1 8th

Number of city districts and districts from 1952

date District (s) City districts
change
Circles
change
City districts
number
Circles
number
July 1, 1952 Formation of the districts with the new district division 23 194
February 1, 1953 Frankfurt (Oder) + 1 0 24 194
March 1, 1954 cottbus + 1 0 25th 194
January 1, 1956 Rostock 0 - 1 25th 193
June 20, 1957 Magdeburg and Karl-Marx-Stadt - 1 - 1 24 192
November 23, 1958 Karl Marx City - 1 0 23 192
17th September 1961 Frankfurt (Oder) + 1 0 24 192
July 2, 1965 Magdeburg 0 - 1 24 191
May 12, 1967 Halle and Suhl + 2 0 26th 191
1st January 1969 Neubrandenburg + 1 0 27 191
1st January 1974 Rostock + 1 0 28 191
January 1, 1988 Magdeburg 0 - 2nd 28 189
May 6, 1990 Hall - 1 0 27 189

Legal basis

  • Territorial changes of January 1, 1957 by resolution of the Council of Ministers of the GDR on December 14 and 21, 1956, see GDR GBl. 1957, 11
  • Territorial changes of June 20, 1957 by resolution of the Council of Ministers of the GDR of June 19, 1957, see GDR GBl. 1957, 345

Appendix - Territory changes after the end of World War II

Already after the end of the Second World War , the cession of territory to Poland and the division of Germany into four zones of occupation led to the first changes in the district structure in the area of ​​the later GDR. In the following years, too, there were - mostly - minor changes. All changes between the end of the war in 1945 and the founding of the GDR on October 7, 1949 are listed here.

  • 1945 :
resolution
Neoplasm
Reclassification
renaming
enlargement
  • 1945 , July 1st:
Reclassification
enlargement
  • 1945 , July 5th:
Reclassification of municipalities in the Randow district to Poland
  • 1945 , July 9th:
Reclassification
  • 1945 , August 8th:
Inclusion
Neoplasm
  • 1945 , September 1st:
enlargement
  • 1945 , September 17th:
Exchange of territory
  • 1945 , October:
renaming
  • 1945 , October 1st:
resolution
enlargement
  • 1945 , October 19:
renaming
  • 1945 , November 28th:
Exchange of territory
enlargement
  • 1946 :
enlargement
  • 1946 , January 1st:
Outsourcing
  • 1946 , January 30th:
renaming
  • 1946 , March 12th:
renaming
  • 1946 , March 15th:
resolution
enlargement
  • 1946 , April 1st:
resolution
enlargement
  • 1946 , June 10th:
enlargement
  • 1946 , July 1st:
enlargement
  • 1946 , August 1st:
enlargement
  • 1946 , September 30th:
enlargement
renaming
  • 1947 , January 16:
resolution
Neoplasm
  • 1948 , January 12th:
renaming
  • 1948 , October 1st:
enlargement
  • 1948 , December 1st:
enlargement
  • 1949 , January 1st:
enlargement

See also

literature

Remarks

  1. Law on the self-administration of municipalities and districts in the GDR (municipal constitution) of May 17, 1990
  2. According to DDR GBl. 1957, 11 already on January 1, 1957 change of the municipality Metzdorf to the district Bad Freienwalde