Eberswalde
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 52 ° 50 ' N , 13 ° 48' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Brandenburg | |
| County : | Barnim | |
| Height : | 25 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 93.65 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 40,699 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 435 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postcodes : | 16225, 16227 | |
| Area code : | 03334 | |
| License plate : | BAR, BER, EW | |
| Community key : | 12 0 60 052 | |
| LOCODE : | DE EBW | |
| City structure: | 7 districts | |
City administration address : |
Breite Strasse 41–44 16225 Eberswalde |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Friedhelm Boginski ( FDP ) | |
| Location of the district town of Eberswalde in the district of Barnim |
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Eberswalde is the district town of the Barnim district in the northeast of Brandenburg .
It is also known as the forest city , because forest areas extend all around - to the south the Barnim nature park , to the north the Schorfheide-Chorin biosphere reserve with the Plagefenn total reserve . The community has had forest areas since the 14th century. Of the 1468 hectares, around 1000 hectares are recreational forest , 271 hectares are nature reserves and ecologically significant habitats. The approximately 1080 ha large city of forest also serves as a commercial forest . The city historian Rudolf Schmidt coined the term Waldstadt and used numerous publications and postcards from the 19th and 20th centuries.
Until the fall of the Berlin Wall , a diverse industry (crane and pipeline construction, rolling mills and other large companies) determined the character of the city. This is made clear by the names of some districts such as iron cleavage, copper hammer and brass works .
geography
location
Eberswalde is located about 50 kilometers northeast of Berlin and about 22 kilometers west of the Oder (Hohenwutzen). After Bad Freienwalde the distance is about 17 kilometers in an east-southeast direction.
The Oder-Havel Canal runs directly north of the city . The Finow Canal runs through the center .
geology
Eberswalde is located in the middle of the Eberswalde glacial valley named after the city , which was formed in the most recent, the Vistula Ice Age . Since the Finow cut deeply into the floor of the glacial valley, the old town is significantly lower than the actual floor of the glacial valley. Only some parts of the city such as Nordend, Ostend and Südend are located at the level of the glacial valley or outside it on the slopes of the Barnim . Most of the building site is sand and gravel, but there are also large areas of ice reservoir deposits that used to be mined in numerous clay pits on the outskirts or in the surrounding area, for example in the Macherslust district. The groundwater level in the city center is only a few meters below the surface. Some buildings in the city center are therefore built as pile dwellings , which makes new construction projects hydrostatically very complicated and expensive.
Expansion of the urban area
Eberswalde extends along the Finow Canal over a length of 14.1 km in an east-west direction. The greatest extent in north-south direction is between the north and south end with a length of 7.7 km.
Neighboring cities and towns
The closest cities are Bernau bei Berlin (towards west-southwest), Joachimsthal (towards northwest) and Oderberg (towards east). Eberswalde borders on the following communities (clockwise, starting from the north): Britz , Chorin , Niederfinow , Hohenfinow , Breydin , Melchow and Schorfheide (district Finowfurt ).
City structure
The following districts belong to the city of Eberswalde:
- Brandenburg quarter
- Eberswalde 1
- Eberswalde 2
- Finow
- Sommerfelde
- Woodpecker houses
- Tornow
In addition there are the residential areas Clara-Zetkin-Siedlung , Eisenspalterei, Finowtal, Försterei Kahlenberg, dishes, Kupferhammer, Macherslust, Mäckersee, Nordend, Ostend, Stadtmitte, Stadtsee, Westend and Wolfswinkel.
The city center of Eberswalde was badly damaged at the end of the Second World War , and there are still large gaps in the development. In the GDR era, mostly green spaces were created where residential buildings were still standing until the end of the war, and have been gradually rebuilt since 1990. In addition to the historic market square with the lion fountain, the pavilion square was created, which was rebuilt until 2007 with the Paul-Wunderlich-Haus , an administration building. The current market square is about twice as big as the historical one, the northern half was created by the damage of the war. Some of the remains of the medieval city wall in Nagelstrasse are also part of the city center, as is the Leibnizviertel (named after the polymath Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz ), a new housing estate from GDR times. The preserved multi-storey buildings in the city center belong to the Wilhelminian era and were built between 1880 and 1914. During these years, Eberswalde expanded significantly from the market square to the west, as the town's train station was about two kilometers outside. This is due to the fact that the Eberswalde city fathers did not want the railway at the time, but the need for a transport connection quickly arose. The first residential buildings were built along the Eisenbahnstraße; this street can still be seen as the main street of Eberswalde.
The Nordend district is located on the L 200 state road in the direction of Angermünde on the slope of the Eberswalde glacial valley. In addition to the Martin Gropius Hospital, there are mostly residential buildings here.
In Ostend on the southern edge of the glacial valley there are also mostly private homes. Both parts of the city emerged as part of the city expansion between the world wars.
The former barracks area at the southern exit of the town has been called Südend since the late 1990s . The former artillery barracks were built during the Nazi era , were owned by the Group of the Soviet Armed Forces in Germany (later the Western Group of the Troops ) until 1994 and have largely been expanded into an administrative center with a tax office and state criminal investigation office. A few residential buildings are arranged next to these barracks.
After the First World War , an expansion of the city to the west of the train station began, the new district was named Westend . Multi-storey residential buildings were built in the area around Luisenplatz near the train station and along Heegermühler Strasse. The Ardeltwerke were built behind Boldtstrasse, a metal processing company that was used in the German Reich from 1933 to 1945 for armaments production. Homes were built in Westend for the wealthier employees of the plant. Finow (formerly Heegermühle) begins behind the company that became VEB Kranbau Eberswalde in the 1950s . The formerly independent town of Finow was merged with Eberswalde to form the town of Eberswalde-Finow in 1970. The district of Kupferhammer is located on the other side of the Finow Canal north of Westend and is characterized by home development and the mixed feed plant that characterizes the cityscape.
The adjacent district is called Wolfswinkel and is a former industrial area. However, the term iron splitting is more common. In addition to the old rolling mill, the Finow pipeline construction (formerly Seiffert-Werke), now downsized as Finow Rohrsysteme GmbH, was located here . The large former factory site for pipeline construction has been converted into a commercial center. The second Brandenburg State Garden Show took place on the site of the old plant in 2002 . As a subsequent use of the 17 hectare area, it became the Eberswalde family garden.
To the south of the iron cleavage works , construction began on a new district at the end of the 1970s. Originally Max Reimann section baptized, they say since the turn of Brandenburg district. The construction became necessary because with the commissioning of a large meat processing plant in Britz ( Slaughter and Processing Combine Eberswalde / Britz - SVKE), several thousand people moved to Eberswalde and there was not enough living space available for them. This district has been popularly known as the ghetto since construction began and was continuously expanded until the fall of the Wall. At the turn of the millennium , however, the dismantling or partial demolition began due to the high vacancy rate of the apartments.
Further west follows the actual Finow with its historic town center, the new housing estates (Ringstrasse / Kopernikusring) and the extensive area of the new rolling mill, on which some smaller companies have settled. Finow also includes the brass works settlement , which was built by the industrialist Hirsch for his workers, as well as the Clara-Zetkin settlement on the other side of the Oder-Havel Canal , which consists almost exclusively of private homes.
The villages of Sommerfelde (east of Eberswalde), Tornow (east of Sommerfelde) and Spechthausen (south of Eberswalde) have also been part of the city since 1993 and 2006.
history
Origin and development of the city name
The name Eberswalde goes back to the male wild boar , which is also the heraldic animal . The surroundings, rich in forests and wild boar, in particular the Schorfheide northwest of the city, gave it its name. The place name means exactly Waldsiedlung an Ever (short form of full names such as Everhard, Everger and others, in Middle Low German ever = boar).
Eversvolde was first mentioned in a document in 1276. During the entire 14th and 15th centuries, documents from the Margraves of Brandenburg were often issued on site. In all documents from 1294 onwards, only the proper name Everswolde was found . The description of the Mark Brandenburg from 1373 prepared for Emperor Karl IV spoke in a very similar way of civitas Everswalde . In the land book of Emperor Charles IV , which was not written down before 1376, the double designation Eberswalde vel Nova civitas - Eberswalde or Neustadt appeared for the first time . Why this choice of name came about remained unclear. The formulation resigned in 1378 markgräf union charters use. For the next few centuries it was to stay with Neustadt Eberswalde .
On May 30, 1877 the name was officially changed to Eberswalde . From 1970 to 1993, Eberswalde-Finow was again a double name in use. Since July 1, 1993, the city has been called Eberswalde again .
Prehistory and prehistory
Already in prehistoric and prehistoric times the local ford through the Finow was of great importance and attraction. The oldest archaeological finds came from the Younger Paleolithic and the Neolithic . During the Bronze Age , the Finow Valley and its immediate surroundings were more densely populated. The Eberswalder gold treasure (9th century B.C.E.) made in this era gained national fame and is one of the most important of its kind in Central Europe. The Slavs began to immigrate from around 600 . To the west of the St. Georg hospital chapel there was supposed to have been a fortified dwelling place for the Elbe Slavs. A Slavonic rampart north of the neighboring town of Finowfurt was proven .
Beginnings of the German village
Johann Albrecht Beling reported in his Eberswalder Chronik from 1769 of a village south and north of the Eberswalder ford . Both were probably founded at the end of the 12th century in the course of the German settlement in the east . The soils of the local fields yielded only low yields. From the beginning, the residents had to earn their income from trade and commerce. A market settlement quickly developed from the southern village of Eberswalde. The exact location of Jakobsdorf could not be conclusively clarified. But all of his hooves were demonstrably north of the Finow , along the Rosengrund and Oderberger Strasse.
In 1212 Albrecht II , Margrave of Brandenburg concluded a military alliance with the banished Emperor Otto IV. On the one hand, the Ascanian wanted to defend himself against the Danes advancing into Germania Slavica , and on the other hand to expand the territory of the Margraviate of Brandenburg . Albrecht probably undertook a campaign to Pomerania as early as 1213 . Probably around these events, the border to the Pomeranian Uckermark , not far north of the Finow, was fortified. The Oderberg Castle, located further east at the exit of the Finow Valley, was presumably also built . To the south of the Eberswalder ford, a fortress was built on a spur of the Barnim plateau (today Schlossberg or Hausberg) . This Ebersburg became the second nucleus of the medieval city. The suburbium Ebersberg developed at the foot of the Schlossberg .
The village is said to have been named an oppidum Eberswalde in 1254 by Johann I , Margrave of Brandenburg, which led to the 750th anniversary celebrations in 2004. A documentary confirmation of this has not yet been found. Contrary to previous assumptions, the two southern settlements did not grow together structurally with Jakobsdorf on the other side of the Finow. The first mention of the Ebersburg came from 1261, that of the village eversvolde from one of Albrecht III. signed deed of April 23, 1276.
City elevation and further development
The unit of market town and castle settlement was finally granted city rights. Exactly when has not been recorded. With the help of two pieces of information, the period could be narrowed down to around 1275. On the one hand the above mentioned first mention of 1276, on the other hand the excavations in the Töpferstrasse. The latter resulted in a first phase of expansion of the rather peripheral quarter around 1283. The floor plan of the city still shows the lattice shape laid out according to a uniform plan. Breite Straße and the street from Zum Untertor, Mühlenstraße and Kirchgasse (today An der Friedensbrücke and Erich-Schuppan-Straße) began long-distance traffic. To the west of the two main axes, Hinterstrasse (today Kirchstrasse) formed a third north-south connection. In the transverse direction, six, almost parallel side streets divided the area. In the center, between the two main streets, was the market square, with a presumably massive town hall on it. The highest point of the old town, south of the market, was occupied by the rectangular church square. The construction of the town church of St. Maria Magdalena probably began after 1280. A town wall with 34 Wiek houses and double ramparts and ditches in front surrounded the area at the beginning of the 14th century . Four gates allowed entry or exit. A ring-like street ran on the inside of the wall. Soon after the elevation to the city, the Jakobsdorfer gave up their place of residence and moved to Eberswalde.
The first document, in which Eberswalde is mentioned, dates from 1294. It concerns a donation from Margrave Albrecht for an altar in the local parish church. The border letter document of August 24, 1300 referred to Eberswalde as a city ( civitas ) for the first time . According to the document, by that time she was trained in all essential elements. It also listed the municipal boundaries and privileges as well as an ancient customs post on land and water. In 1306, the sovereign granted Eberswalde duty-free in the whole of the Mark Brandenburg , and she was now allowed to raise tariffs herself. The meal obligation imposed on the surrounding villages (Karutz, Gersdorf, Sommerfelde) in 1307 represented a further source of income. In 1317, with the relocation of the trade route Frankfurt - Stettin via Eberswalde, street and stacking obligations were added. In the following decades, the council bought further rights and land from the margraves, for example the lower court as well as the market square and the town hall in 1326 , the wood justified in 1350 , the mill in 1353 and finally the upper court in 1431 , initially redeemable, then hereditary in 1543.
A dominant role among the guilds and guilds played the bakers, dressmakers , bonecutters and shoemakers, who were referred to as the four-trades . This priority is shown u. a. in particular the right to have a say in the election of the mayor and the councilor . One of the most important branches of business was brewing beer . Brewing lawyers connected with about 70 properties . There was an obligation to buy in the surrounding villages. Further income was drawn from cattle breeding, fishing and the sale of timber. At the expense of Niederfinow and Oderberg , Eberswalde developed into the economic center of the Oberbarnim from 1317 onwards . With around 1,200 inhabitants, however, it was one of the smaller towns in the Mittelmark .
The town church Eberswalde was initially subordinate to the parish church in Heegermühle as a subsidiary church . Reversing the situation, it became their mother church in 1317. During the 14th century monks of various mendicant orders and brotherhoods settled in the village . The documents spoke of Franciscans from Angermünde , Dominicans from Strausberg and Augustinian hermits from Königsberg . The city assigned them homes on the site of today's parish and community center (Kirchstrasse), but mainly in the Kalandshof (at the western end of today's Ratzeburgstrasse, first mentioned in 1339). The Heilig-Geist- Hospital (corner of Steinstrasse / An der Friedensbrücke, first mentioned in 1322) took care of the sick, sick and those who were passing through. After the city fortifications had been built, two newly built hospitals took over these tasks around the middle of the 14th century, St. Gertrud on the southern arterial road and St. George on the northern one ( Leprosorium , first mentioned in 1359, expired around 1620). At the same time, the Heilig-Geist-Hospital and its lands were given away to the city council .
The land register of Emperor Charles IV from 1375 noted several legal relationships with Eberswalde. The lord of the city was the Margrave of Brandenburg . He was entitled to the Urbede (30 bar marks of silver worth 34 shock in Bohemian groschen ), income from the higher court , the church patronage (the award of Ludwig I to the Zehdenick monastery was not carried out and was revoked by Pope Urban V ) and the customs duty (including the affiliated customs station Niederfinow [ Vino ] 80 shock Bohemian groschen). The sub-section of castles from 1377 assigned Ebersburg ( Nyerstad ) income over 100 shock Bohemian groschen. The complex began to decline in the 15th century.
The catastrophic fire of 1499, triggered by carelessness in the malt drying process, completely destroyed the city except for its stone buildings - the town hall, two electoral houses and the church - and set its development far behind. The reconstruction, but also the new city constitution of Elector Joachim I from 1515 brought about a renewed upswing. The city became the earliest industrial location in the Mark Brandenburg with the advent of the metalworking trade. In 1532 there were two copper hammers , which were moved to Finow in 1603. Iron, sheet metal, wire hammers and cutlers were built on Kienwerder, and a paper factory, drapery and brickworks were built, especially on the Finow Canal , which was put into operation in 1620 after 15 years of construction with eleven locks.
Thirty Years' War
In the Thirty Years War Eberswalde suffered destruction and devastation. In addition to the burden of frequent billeting and high contributions , the people of Eberswalde had to pay tribute to rulers and military leaders. Field Marshal Wallenstein camped in the city on June 20, 1628 , and from December 18 to 19, 1632, the Swedish King Gustav Adolf , who died in the Battle of Lützen , was laid out in the city church of Maria Magdalena. With a large supply of money and natural produce, the huge entourage of companions had to be taken care of by the citizens. Eberswalde was slow to recover from the effects of the war.
In 1643, towards the end of the Thirty Years' War, there were still 33 houses (previously 216) and 168 inhabitants in Eberswalde, of which 28 were citizens (people with citizenship ) and 140 residents (people without citizenship). In 1722 there were 1205 inhabitants again, as many as before the war. The Finow Canal was destroyed.
Immigration and Economic Recovery
In 1693 a Reformed community made up of 22 Swiss families was settled. At the expense of the elector, a street of their own was built for them and named Schweizer Straße. Between 1743 and 1755, 120 shearsmiths and cutlers, locksmiths and file cutters immigrated from Thuringia and the Rhineland with their families. The economic upswing that started again between 1743 and 1746 led to the renewed expansion of the Finow Canal, which gained great importance both as a transport route and as a source of energy for the city and industry. A water and shipping office was created with the canal. The boiler for the first steam engine commissioned in Germany in 1785 was built on the city's copper hammer .
Eberswalde as a climatic health resort
In addition to the development of Eberswald as an industrial location, the city's reputation as a spa and climatic health resort as well as a forest town developed. From 1750 a health well was operated. There have been numerous attempts to use the iron-containing springs for spa and bathing operations. The creation of promenades and jewelry systems also served the profile of a health resort and relaxation area from 1795. In 1898 the bathing business was stopped due to unprofitability , and Eberswalde lost its reputation as a bathing town. However, the city remained a climatic health resort.
On May 1, 1830, the Forest Academy was relocated from Berlin to Eberswalde due to the extensive forests in the area . The practice-related instruction in the forest teaching areas and the scientific achievements of the forest scientists working here established Eberswald's reputation as a forest town.
Industrial age
The industrial development from the middle of the 19th century was reflected in the founding of numerous factories (1851 agricultural machinery factory, 1852 roofing felt and asphalt factory, 1858 silk goods factory, 1869 hoof nail factory, 1883 and 1893 iron foundries, 1902 Ardeltwerke, today crane construction Eberswalde ). On November 23, 1877, the first telephone set in Germany went into operation between Eberswalde and the Schöpfurth postal agency, today's Finowfurt .
With the accelerating industrialization, the city was developed into a railway junction. On July 30, 1842, the rail connection to Berlin and August 15, 1843 to Stettin was completed, 1866 to Bad Freienwalde (Oder) and Frankfurt (Oder) , 1898 to Templin and 1907 to Schöpfurth ( Eberswalde-Finowfurt Railway ). On January 7, 1878, the Berlin-Szczecin Railway repair workshop was opened. Later it changed to the Reichsbahn repair shop . The German Railway operates today as a vehicle maintenance facility, which celebrated its 125th anniversary in the year of 2003. In addition, the railway bridge was built near the train station, which was removed by the police on June 27, 1910.
At the same time, the road network was expanded (1843 to Bad Freienwalde, 1848 to Oderberg, 1860 to Joachimsthal, 1873 to Schöpfurth). On September 1, 1910, the Eberswalde city tram opened . It ran until November 2, 1940. One day later, the electric trolleybus started operating in Eberswalde.
When the Finow Canal was no longer able to cope with the volume of traffic, ship technology and energy requirements, despite constant repairs and changes, the new Oder-Havel Canal was created and inaugurated in 1914.
Developed roads and the factories that had been settled there since the mid-19th century caused an explosive urban development. In 1831 Eberswalde still had 4,388 inhabitants, a census in 1910 showed a population of 26,075. With this, Eberswalde left the association of the Oberbarnim district on April 1, 1911 and formed its own urban district.
In the course of the November Revolution of 1918 there were strikes, demonstrations and finally the formation of a workers 'and soldiers' council.
During the Kapp Putsch in March 1920, the workers in the Finow Valley participated almost entirely in the general strike to ward off the putsch. In Eberswalde, an action committee of the united workers' parties took control. A workers' militia with around 2,000 armed men was formed to maintain public order. On March 16, 1920, armed clashes broke out between the crew of an armored train and Eberswalde workers at Eberswalde station. There was also fighting between armed workers and the military in the vicinity of Eberswalde.
Adler pharmacy in 1898
Gartengasse at the city wall around 1906 (today Goethestrasse)
Brunnenstrasse with Hotel Gesundbrunnen (before 1898)
Auguste-Victoria-Heim (hospital) before 1906
View from the city lock 1900
Finow Canal east of the city around 1906
Alsenplatz (today Karl-Marx-Platz) before 1907
Finow Canal with a view of the city lock around 1902
Experimental radio station Eberswalde
The Berlin C. Lorenz AG operated its Eberswalde test radio station in the city (behind the bathing establishment) from 1909 to 1939 . An iron-reinforced, guyed wooden lattice mast 70 meters high was erected as the largest antenna carrier. The radio station was initially set up for telegraphy and from 1919 also carried out experimental broadcasts with language programs ( radio ). In 1923 the first original radio orchestra concert took place and in October of the same year the gala concert was broadcast for the annual meeting of the Deutsches Museum in Munich . These wireless concerts were groundbreaking and made German radio technology known internationally. In 1930, the technique of in the context of a large-scale test radio relay been tested. In 1939 the test radio station was closed, the antenna systems dismantled and a research center for the utilization of peat was set up in the buildings .
time of the nationalsocialism
On July 27, 1932, Adolf Hitler took part in an NSDAP election rally in Eberswalde. Hermann Göring visited the city several times on his way to Carinhall and became - as in many German cities - an honorary citizen. This title was not revoked until 1991. The honorary citizen Ludwig Sandberg committed suicide in 1936. His title had been revoked by the Nazis because he was Jewish. In 1991 he was granted honorary citizenship again.
During the November pogroms of 1938 there were riots against the Jewish population in Eberswalde, and the synagogue , which was only a few years old, burned down (the synagogue built on this site in 1889 was destroyed by lightning on August 16, 1931 and replaced by a new building). A memorial (floor plan of the synagogue) in Goethestrasse has been a reminder of the building and the Jewish community in Eberswalde since 2013.
The communists Hans Ammon and Fritz Pehlmann organized the resistance in the city's armaments factories , but were betrayed and arrested in August 1941. Ammon was slain and Pehlmann committed suicide. During the GDR era, the Weidendamm was called Hans-Ammon-Park . With the beginning of the Second World War in 1939, numerous forced laborers were employed in the factories of the cities of Eberswalde and Finow . They were accommodated in several labor camps, mostly close to the companies. On August 27, 1943, 205 Jews were transported from a labor camp near the Märkische Stahlformwerk GmbH, a subsidiary of Ardelt-Werke (located at today's inland port), to the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp and murdered in the gas chambers.
On September 5, 1944, a satellite camp of the Ravensbrück concentration camp was established (near the former Eisenspalterei train station) for around 1,000 female prisoners of various nationalities, including only a few German women. Jewish citizens were not detained. The prisoners were exclusively political prisoners and had to work in the Ardelt works. In 1944, 3,000 forced laborers were employed among the 7,000 employees of the largest company in Eberswalde . The production of the main plant and the Märkische Stahlformwerk GmbH comprised numerous armaments: anti-tank cannons, self-propelled guns, caterpillar vehicles, armored domes for coastal artillery, gears and chain links for armored vehicles, light metal parts for aircraft construction, torpedo discharge tubes, grenade bodies, plate mines, sea mines, housings for bombs and pontoons Construction of pioneer bridges. Engineers from the Ardelt works were also involved in the shooting down of retaliatory weapons in Peenemünde .
The subcamp in Eisenspalterei was closed due to the approach of the Red Army on 20./21. Disbanded April 1945 and the prisoners were transported back to Ravensbrück, where they were later released. After the war, the Red Army used the camp for a short time as an internment camp and then as a supply depot. Two of the barracks that still exist are now a listed building.
On April 20, 1945 there was the first tank alarm in Eberswalde at 7:00 p.m., around this hour Hermann Göring left his Carinhall property in the Schorfheide in the direction of Obersalzberg . The SS special unit Gruppe Steiner holed up north of the city on the other side of the Oder-Havel Canal (at that time the large shipping route) and blew up all the bridges near the city.
On the night of April 25th to 26th, 1945, the inner city was badly destroyed by German planes with incendiary bombs . This attack did not serve a strategic purpose, as the Soviet elite units bypassed Eberswalde in the south along Bernauer Heerstrasse in order to reach Berlin as quickly as possible. At about the same time, several buildings in the city were set on fire by the vigilante organization Werwolf : the observation tower, the waterfall (excursion restaurant) and others. Only subsequent units of the Red Army occupied Eberswalde on April 26, 1945.
The development from the end of the Second World War
After the end of the Second World War (from 1948) extensive planning was carried out for the rebuilding of the destroyed urban areas under the leadership of the urban planner and architect Hans Freese . The city has developed into an important industrial and agricultural location, transport hub and cultural center of the region. In 1952, due to the administrative reform in the GDR , Eberswalde became the district town of the newly formed Eberswalde district of the same name . Between 1954 and 1963, the Institute for Forestry Labor Studies at the Humboldt University in Berlin was based in the buildings of the former Eberswalde test radio station.
In 1963, the forest academy , which opened in 1830, was closed or relocated to Tharandt near Dresden. On April 1, 1992, the then interrupted teaching was resumed at the newly founded university of applied sciences . The forestry facilities are now again an integral part of social life in the city.
On the night of November 24th to 25th, 1990, Amadeu Antonio Kiowa , a worker from Angola , was brutally beaten in Eberswalde by a group of around 50 neo-Nazis . The 28-year-old Kiowa never woke up from the coma and died two weeks later from the consequences of his serious injuries. Five of the juvenile offenders were sentenced in September 1992 by the Frankfurt / Oder district court to a maximum of four years' imprisonment, some to suspended sentences. The African cultural association PALANCA e. V. is committed to cultural exchange and tries through school project days to bring the continent Africa closer to the population through dance, food and excursions, but also to keep the murder of Amadeu Antonio Kiowa in memory.
In 1993 the district of Barnim was formed with Eberswalde as the district town. In 1994 the Russian armed forces left the city. The inland port was inaugurated on April 10, 2000 and in 2002 the state horticultural show took place in Eberswalde.
Until the reunification of Germany in 1990, the development of the industrial site Eberswalde was accelerated by the establishment of new companies. After the decline of the large industrial companies and research centers, the current district town of the Barnim district is relying on the promotion of medium-sized businesses as an administrative center, the development of the city center - many new buildings have already been built there - with its infrastructures , the repair of the residential substance that has been neglected for decades, the redevelopment of the industrial areas , Barracks and the transport network as well as the revitalization as a recreation and leisure center.
History of Finow until 1970
Finow was created in 1928 by merging the village of Heegermühle, first mentioned in 1294, with the previously independent communities Eisenspalterei-Wolfswinkel and Messingwerk and was declared a town in 1935. In 1970 the cities of Eberswalde and Finow merged under the name Eberswalde-Finow. Brass works was an estate district until 1920 and in 1920 received the status of an independent municipality. Until 1928 (incorporation), Eisenspalterei and Wolfswinkel were also manor districts and not independent communities.
Prehistory and foundation of the place
Neolithic material occurred occasionally on the southern valley sand terrace and the adjoining moraine area south of Finow. In the 19th century, a depot from the Middle Bronze Age containing 30 bronze objects was found in the brickworks northwest of the town . These point to various cultural influences from northern and southern or south-eastern Europe, which come together here in the area between the Elbe and Oder . The Bronze Age gold treasure from Eberswalde was also found in Finow (at that time the brass factory near Eberswalde).
Originally there was a sovereign customs post on the Finow, where the goods from the barges coming from the Oder were reloaded onto land vehicles. As early as 1294, a document mentions the Heghermolle in addition to the jug (tavern) and the farm, a margravial farm and accommodation property . The defining word Heger belongs to Middle Low German heger , which has the following meaning: 1. Servant = administrator, 2. feudal people liable to pay interest, Meier, 3. Heger, hedge workers, knickers. This he (e) germühle gave the settlement its first name; In 1608 the elector had them removed in favor of an iron hammer .
Middle Ages and the beginning of the modern age
The rural town of Heegermühle comprised a total of 38 Hufen land in 1375 , including four Schulzenhufen and one Kirchhufen. The corridor, like the village divided into two parts by the Finow Canal, was made up of the Langenstücke- and Mittelstückefeld as well as the Steinfurth field according to the three-field economy. The residents had to do their manual and clamping services at Amt Biesenthal, eleven kilometers away, after the iron hammer for the plant was commissioned. Additional requirements placed the forestry office Biesenthal to the community, for example in the form of hack work in the plantations .
The immediate vicinity of the village of Heegermühle began a commercial development at the instigation of and with the support of the sovereign since the beginning of the 17th century , which was favored by favorable location factors such as the Finow Canal as a means of transport, the occurrence of lawn iron stone and the forest as the most important energy supplier at the time.
The first iron hammer mill in Heegermühle worked until it was destroyed in the Thirty Years War. It was followed in 1660 by a tin hammer, the sale of which was secured by a protective edict of 1687. The Heegermühle brass works was built in its place from 1697 to 1700 . To the east of the village on the Finow Canal, an iron splitting plant and a wire hammer were built at the same time. A royal paper mill built in 1726 fell victim to the Seven Years' War in 1760 . A new factory was located in Wolfswinkel five years later.
The first English paper machine worked here in 1832, so that manual paper making gradually disappeared. The brickworks, which in the middle of the 19th century mainly used clay from the Finowaue, deserve a mention. The stones came mainly to Berlin by water. The Mäckersee, named after the former owner, south of the Oder-Havel Canal , the remainder of a former clay pit, is now used for swimming.
Development in the 20th century
After a railway line from Eberswalde via Heegermühle to Schöpfurth was opened on October 16, 1907 and the electric tram from Eberswalde to Eisenspalterei was run in 1920, passenger and freight traffic improved significantly. In Wolfswinkel, a linoleum factory grew into a chemical company, and in 1909 an electricity company was added.
The Heegermühle power plant was built under the name of Märkisches Elektrizitätswerk (MEW) according to plans by Georg Klingenberg ; it is the only industrial building in the Finow Valley to have a facade facing the Finow Canal. At the beginning of the 20th century, the MEW was regarded as an exemplary example of modern power plant construction and still serves as a prototype for experts in the 21st century. In 1914, the brass factory relocated its production facilities to the Oder-Havel Canal, a sign of the importance of the location of the new waterway. Settlement companies, such as the Heimstättengesellschaft Heegermühle-Messingwerk, built residential houses.
On October 15, 1928, the village of Heegermühle was merged with the previously independent towns of Eisenspalterei-Wolfswinkel and Messingwerk to form the community of Finow. In 1935 the new community was elevated to a city.
At the end of the 1920s, the copper and brass works in Finow bought land from the Lichterfelder Rittergut, between the Oder-Havel Canal and the rise to the Golzower Platte, in order to build a settlement. On a chessboard-like floor plan, with a 350-meter-long square in the middle, twin houses were built in 1934 with appropriate land for the self-sufficiency of families. Single-family houses were added in 1936. The settlement, which since the foundation stone was laid on March 13, 1934, had the name of the national poet and writer Dietrich Eckart (1886–1923), was renamed the Clara Zetkin settlement in 1945 .
Industrialization led to rapid population growth. While only 419 people lived in Heegermühle in 1840, there were already 5859 people in 1910. In the census in 1939, 10,488 people were counted in Finow. In December 1969, 11,767 people lived in the city. Three months later, in March 1970, Finow was merged with Eberswalde.
Incorporations
- In 1928 Eisenspalterei-Wolfswinkel, Heegermühle and Messingwerk were incorporated into Finow.
- On May 1, 1936, the municipality of Kupferhammer was incorporated from the Oberbarnim district into the Eberswalde district.
- On March 20, 1970 the unification of the previously independent towns of Eberswalde and Finow took place under the new name Eberswalde-Finow.
- On July 1, 1993, at the same time as the postcodes were changed, Eberswalde-Finow became Eberswalde again .
- On December 5, 1993, the communities of Sommerfelde and Tornow were incorporated.
- On January 1, 2006, the municipality of Spechthausen from the Biesenthal-Barnim office became a district of the city.
Population development
In the Thirty Years War Eberswalde lost almost its entire population. The population fell from 1200 in 1618 to 168 in 1643. It was not until 1722 that the population returned to the pre-war level. In the 18th century the population of Eberswalde grew only slowly. With the onset of industrialization in the 19th century, the population grew again. In 1817 about 4,000 people lived in Eberswalde, in 1898 there were already 20,000. By 1939 this number had doubled to just under 41,000.
During the Second World War , the city lost about a third of its population. The population decreased by 13,238 people to 27,377 by 1945. On March 20, 1970, the cities of Eberswalde (33,400 inhabitants 1969) and Finow (11,767 inhabitants 1969) merged to form the city of Eberswalde-Finow with around 45,000 inhabitants. In 1989 Eberswalde-Finow had the highest population in its history with around 55,000. In 1993 the city was renamed Eberswalde .
In 1968 the first 190 Hungarian contract workers came to Eberswalde. By 1969, their number had grown to 277. Many Hungarians settled in the city and now form the largest group among the foreign resident population. In 1974 the first Algerian contract workers arrived in Eberswalde. Cubans , Vietnamese , Mozambicans and Angolans followed later . Their number was between 500 and 800 in the 1980s. In 1989, 1,310 foreigners were registered with the police in Eberswalde, including 564 contract workers.
The largest registered foreign group were the family members of officers of the Soviet armed forces.
Before the fall of the Wall, the following Soviet units were stationed in Eberswalde:
- 20th Guard Army ( Headquarters )
- 899th Airborne Battalion
- 255th Repair Battalion
- 307th Repair Battalion
- 423rd Radio Battalion
- 247th Rifle Battalion
- 81st Guard Mot. Rifle Regiment
- 787th Fighter Regiment
- 41st helicopter squadron
- 117th Rear Brigade
- 793. Military Hospital
The staff of the 20th Guard Army alone included 10,000 members of the army and 5,000 civilian employees who were not included in the population statistics. A total of around 30,000 soldiers of the Soviet Army were stationed in the Eberswalde area. Including civilian workers and children, there were about as many Soviet citizens living in Eberswalde as there were Germans, but the population of about 100,000 was never officially communicated.
In 1990, 435 foreigners (0.8%) were still registered with the city administration. This number fell to 299 (0.6%) by the end of 1991, due to the premature termination of employment contracts by the companies and emigration. By 2000, the number of foreigners grew again to 550 people (1.2%). In recent years the proportion of foreigners in the total population has risen continuously and in 2005 was 2.2% (920 people).
Since the turning point and peaceful revolution in the GDR , the city has lost a quarter of its inhabitants due to emigration and a decline in the birth rate. On December 31, 2005 the official population of Eberswalde was 41,831 (only main residences ). This is a decrease of around 13,000 people since 1989. After the correction by the 2011 census, the population in 2015 was 39,303.
On September 23, 2008, the city received the title “ Place of Diversity ” awarded by the federal government .
religion
- Churches
The Evangelical City Parish Eberswalde belongs to the Evangelical Church Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO) and has three church buildings: the Maria Magdalenen Church in Eberswalde, founded in 1241 , the St. John 's Church , built from 1892 to 1894, and the Ostend Pentecostal Chapel, built from 1952 to 1954 . There are also three u. a. as places of worship used meetinghouses: the Peace church hall in the district of Westend, the Wartburg home in the district of Northrend and the Municipal House Eisenbahnstraße 84. For the Evangelical Church of Finow include the church in the quarter Finow, which was completed in April 2001 community center in the Brandenburg district , the on November 5, 2006 received the name Dietrich-Bonhoeffer-Haus , as well as the parish hall in the Clara-Zetkin-Siedlung.
The Roman Catholic Church has a church in each of the districts of Eberswalde ( St. Peter and Paul , 1876/1877 based on a design by the Cologne cathedral builder Vincenz Statz ) and Finow ( Saint Theresa of the Child Jesus, 1934, architect was Josef Bachem ). Since January 1st, 1938, Eberswalde has been the seat of a deanery .
- Free Churches
- Evangelical Free Church Congregation / Baptists
- Methodist Church
- Christ Church Eberswalde e. V. (Protestant Free Church)
- Seventh-day Adventist Fellowship
- Religious communities
politics
City Council
In addition to the full-time mayor of include city council Eberswalde at 36 city council. The last local election took place on May 26, 2019, with a turnout of 45.3 percent. The term of office of the city council is five years. According to their choice, the new assembly must meet after 30 days at the latest.
| Party / group of voters | be right | percent | Seats |
| SPD | 6,539 | 14.5 | 5 |
| AfD | 5,998 | 13.3 | 5 |
| LEFT | 5,968 | 13.3 | 5 |
| CDU | 5,464 | 12.2 | 4th |
| GREEN | 4,768 | 10.6 | 4th |
| Voting group Bündnis Eberswalde | 4,273 | 9.5 | 3 |
| Citizens for Eberswalde | 4.015 | 8.9 | 3 |
| FDP | 3,250 | 7.2 | 3 |
| Barnim Citizens' Group | 1,768 | 3.9 | 1 |
| The party | 1,494 | 3.3 | 1 |
| For the environment and nature - Against B167 new! | 718 | 1.6 | 1 |
| Single applicant Carsten Zinn | 702 | 1.6 | 1 |
In Brandenburg, every voter has three votes in local elections, which he can distribute among the applicants for a nomination or different nominations. The five percent hurdle is no longer used in local elections. All parties and groups that - depending on the seat allocation procedure - receive enough votes to overcome the de facto threshold clause for a mandate can move into the city council .
mayor
- 1990–1995 Hans Mai (SPD)
- 1995–2006 Reinhard Schulz (independent)
- since 2006 Friedhelm Boginski ( FDP )
Schulz was convicted of infidelity and bribery in 2006 and was not allowed to hold public office for three years. On July 16, 2006 he was voted out as mayor in a referendum with 91.2 percent of the valid votes.
In the mayor election on November 19, 2006, Friedhelm Boginski (FDP) was elected the new mayor with 59.3 percent of the valid votes. He was confirmed in office for a further eight years on September 14, 2014 with 64.6% of the valid votes.
State election on September 1, 2019
Hardy Lux ( SPD ) is directly elected member of the state parliament for the state constituency of Barnim I , to which Eberswalde belongs .
Colors and coats of arms
Historical city arms 1892
City arms on the old town hall
The city's coat of arms has changed slightly several times over the centuries. The currently valid coat of arms was determined by the town council of Eberswalde on September 24, 1928 on the basis of paragraph 11 of the town code for the eastern provinces of May 30, 1853 with the consent of the town council. The Prussian State Ministry approved the use of the coat of arms on August 13, 1928. The definition of the coat of arms was then slightly changed several times, for example a cog was placed in the middle of the coat of arms during GDR times. The coat of arms, adapted to the federal regulations, was approved on August 24, 1993. Paragraph 1 defines the city's colors as black, silver (white) and green.
The blazon of the current coat of arms according to the main statute of the city of Eberswalde reads: “In silver a leafy, rooted green oak with golden fruits, in the crown of which a gold-armored red eagle covered with golden clover stems floats. Facing the trunk stands a black wild boar with golden tusks and bristles on the back. "
Town twinning
Eberswalde lists three partner cities :
| city | country | since |
|---|---|---|
| Delmenhorst |
 Lower Saxony
|
1990 |
|
Gorzów Wielkopolski (Landsberg on the Warta) |
 Poland
|
2001 |
| Herlev |
 Denmark
|
1994 |
Sights and culture
The list of architectural monuments in Eberswalde and the list of soil monuments in Eberswalde contain the cultural monuments entered in the list of monuments of the State of Brandenburg.
Buildings
The old town hall, a baroque town house from 1775, which was built as the home of the cloth manufacturer Heller, is located on the market square.
During the GDR era, the market square was adorned by the lion fountain, a large round fountain that was left of the original four fountains at the four corners in the southeast corner. With the redesign of the square from 2005, the fountain was demolished and a small water feature built, which is popularly known as the Pissrinne . In 2007, after a two-year construction period, the Paul Wunderlich House, one of the most modern ecological administrative buildings in Germany, was built on the market square . The complex uses geothermal energy and only needs about a third of the energy otherwise required. It is the seat of the district administration and the district administrator as well as the workplace for around 500 employees. In the courtyard of the cloverleaf-like ensemble of buildings there are replicas by the artist Paul Wunderlich . The interior of the house houses a permanent exhibition with more than 300 originals by the painter and sculptor who was born in Eberswalde.
Also near the market square is the Maria Magdalenen Church , a high Gothic parish church from the 13th century with the highest brick steeple in the world.
The Martin Gropius Hospital (Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry) was occupied by the Soviet Army from the Second World War until after the reunification of Germany and was extensively renovated. In the city center there are two stairs on the southern edge of the Eberswalde glacial valley: the Goethe stairs and the Schiller stairs . As a new building, the library of the Eberswalde University of Applied Sciences was given architecture prizes.
A few kilometers north of the city is the Chorin monastery , a ruin of the complex built by Cistercian monks. East of Eberswalde you can find the Ragöser Damm and the Niederfinow boat lift on the Oder-Havel Canal , while the Berlin-Stettin long-distance railway line crosses under the canal (canal underpass) to the north of the city .
The Devil's Bridge on the Finow Canal is located in the Finow district on the site of the former brass works . The bridge has been out of service since the end of the Second World War and there is no longer any bridge covering. The existing components belonged to the Weidendammer Bridge in Berlin from 1824 to 1826 . In 1880 it was supplemented by sidewalks. The bridge was first moved in 1895; it was shortened by 13 meters and rebuilt in Liepe over the Finow Canal. In 1913 it was shortened again and installed above the exit from the brass works harbor. The middle part of the bridge can be removed to allow larger ships to pass through. Occasionally it is also called the “towpath bridge”. The bridge is a three-bay, now 23 meters long and around 2.30 meters wide all-metal construction made of riveted and screwed L-profiles and sheet metal. The central part is bedded on cast iron pillars. The entire bridge is inherently crooked, this can be due to negligent manufacturing or to transport damage, to subsidence or an accident. The port and canal sides of the structure are offset by about eight centimeters, which means an inclination of about three degrees.
The Eberswalde station bridge, which was built in the typical riveted construction at the beginning of the 20th century , was demolished between 2004 and 2006 and replaced by a new building.
The tallest building in the city, next to the Eberswalde telecommunications tower, is the Eberswalde compound feed plant.
In the Finow district there are several copper houses in the brass works settlement , designed by Walter Gropius among others , and next to the former Hirsch works, the water tower by Berlin architect Paul Mebes . He is an outstanding example of German Expressionism. The ruins of a billet hall and the generator house of the iron splitting plant are on the Finow Canal west of the Lichterfelder Straße. The Knüppelhalle was built from 1847 to 1849 by August Borsig for the Borsigwerke in Berlin-Moabit ; In 1900 it was dismantled and relocated.
Parks
Because of the surrounding large forest areas, the unofficial nickname "Waldstadt" has become established. Even in the city there are many green spaces, most of which were created after the residential buildings were destroyed by an air raid by the German Air Force in April 1945.
The zoological garden and the forest botanical garden of Eberswalde are located on the southern outskirts in the middle of the Eberswalder city forest . At the State Garden Show in 2002 was in the district Eisenspalterei on the site of the former mill Altwerk the family garden . In the center of the city, near the campus of the University of Applied Sciences, is the Park Weidendamm, which was rebuilt in 2003 similar to its shape before the First World War.
The forest cemetery (main entrance at Breite Strasse / corner of Heinrich-Heine-Strasse) was opened around 1600 and at that time belonged to the St. Gertrud Hospital. The mourning hall was inaugurated in 1846. In 1903 the cemetery got its current size. The terraces and park-like sidewalks were built in the first half of the 20th century according to plans by the city garden inspector Fritz Schumann. Numerous personalities of the city are buried in the cemetery, including honorary citizens, mayors, forest professors, builders and artists.
The first Jewish cemetery in Eberswalde was built in 1751 on Oderberger Straße and is one of the oldest in Brandenburg. It was enlarged in 1851 and surrounded by a brick wall in 1862. In 1987, about 60 meters of the still standing surrounding wall was removed. The oldest surviving tombstone dates from 1784. In 1924 the second Jewish cemetery was opened on Freienwalder Straße next to the Waldfriedhof and in 1929 the cemetery hall, which no longer exists today, was inaugurated. 53 tombstones have been preserved on the cemetery grounds.
WaldWelten Foundation
In 2010, the city of Eberswalde and the Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development HNEE (FH) set up the WaldWelten Foundation . The purpose of the WaldWelten Foundation is to promote forest-related science and climate impact research, public environmental education, the promotion of forest-related art and culture as well as nature conservation. The foundation forest, which is over 140 hectares in size, is first class connected to the city center by a footpath and bike path and serves as a popular local recreation area for hiking and walking.
Natural monuments
A winter linden tree has been preserved right in the village, on Schicklerstraße, on the former market square of the Eberswalder Vorstadt . Their age is estimated to be 250 years. According to the attached explanation board, it is around 25 meters high and has a trunk circumference of 3.25 meters (see picture).
The city of Eberswalde is surrounded by extensive forest areas. In the south of the city borders the Eberswalder Stadtforst, which extends as far as Trampe, Klobbicke, Tuchen and Grüntal and has an area of approx. 60 km².
To the north-east of the city there are further extensive forest areas with the Plagefenn total reserve north of the village of Liepe. There are many lakes, streams, moors and heaths around the city.
Historical monuments
- Old Jewish cemetery from 1751, Oderberger Strasse
- Memorial to the victims of fascism on Karl-Marx-Platz
- Honorary grave for three Soviet prisoners of war in the Lichterfeld cemetery
- Memorial for the foreign forced laborers in the forest cemetery Freienwalder / Breite Straße
- Judenhaus, Kirchstrasse 18 as a deportation collection point
- New Jewish cemetery from 1929, Freienwalder Strasse
- " Heldenhain Eberswalde ", memorial for the fallen soldiers of the First World War on the edge of the Oberheide, south of Georg-Herwegh-Straße
museum
A museum for regional history is located in the oldest preserved half-timbered house in the city, the former Adler pharmacy. A pharmacy was located in the three-story building on Steinstrasse from 1623 to 1986. A tourist information office has been located there since 1906. The museum was founded on February 4, 1906. When it was founded, the historian and editor of the Eberswalder Zeitung Rudolf Schmidt was entrusted with the administration. The museum was first housed in the attic of the town hall, later in the Hindenburg-Oberrealschule (today comprehensive school center), the St. George's Chapel and in a school at Kirchstrasse 8. The initial 150 exhibits have now grown to 12,500. One of the most interesting exhibits is the replica of the Bronze Age Eberswalde gold treasure - it is considered the largest gold find in Germany. The eight gold bowls as well as the 73 other parts such as necklaces and bracelets with a total weight of 2.54 kilograms of pure gold date from the 9th century BC. Chr. And were discovered on May 16, 1913 while excavating a house in a clay pot and brought to Berlin. In 1945 these apparently fell into the hands of the Red Army. In January 1994 it became known that the so-called Eberswalder Gold Treasure is in the Moscow Pushkin Museum .
music
The open-air stage in the Eberswalde family garden on the former site of the 2002 State Horticultural Show is the largest venue. It offers a seat for up to 4000 visitors. Concerts of classical and modern chamber music as well as musical and literary events take place in the St. George's Chapel. The small concert hall can seat up to 80 people. Since the opening of the Paul-Wunderlich-Haus, the plenary hall has also been used as a public event space.
In Eberswalde, the jazz festival jazz in e. held at changing venues. In the Forest Botanical Garden there have been summer world music concerts with international artists in the purple event series since 2001 . The Chorin Music Summer is organized by the Eberswalde Forest Academy and offers friends of classical music an unusual setting in the ruins of the Chorin Monastery .
The Schwärzetal House is the oldest preserved house for large events. The Eberswalder Carnival Days take place here every year.
Regular events
Mardi Gras / Carnival: The first carnival events in Eberswalde go back to the 19th century. Mardi Gras and Carnival have been taking place in Eberswalde since the mid-1980s. Traditionally, the venue is the shed (the Schwärzetal house ), which provides the design of the rooms for the carnival celebrations. Mardi Gras and Carnival as well as the events of other associations form the Eberswalder Carnival Days .
For several years, the House of Culture (popularly Las Vegas ) , which opened in 1983, was a cultural center of the city. Almost 800 people found space in the building at the same time. There was a beer bar, dining restaurant, night bar and disco here. In 1985 137,000 people took advantage of the cultural offer. After the fall of the Wall in the GDR , it was closed and the Schwärzetal House succeeded the House of Culture. Neckermann used the building until 2008 . In 2011 the former House of Culture was demolished. The culture house at Beimlerstraße (Bauunion) and the culture house Rotes Finowtal (Westend cinema) were also closed after the fall of the Wall in order to concentrate the funds for the house in Schwärzetal and the carnival days that took place there.
The Finow Canal Festival takes place annually in early summer on the Finow Canal. In the center near the old town this festival was held until 2003 at the city lock. In addition to a boat parade of municipal sports and carnival clubs, there are concerts, medieval demonstrations and dance events. Since this festival has been held by the city in the family garden, the number of visitors has fallen sharply.
Further events are the Chorin Film Nights (they take place every year in late summer in the Chorin monastery garden ) and the Eberswalde International Film Festival (it is held every year in late summer with changing mottos). Rock from E. has been held annually on the last Saturday in May since 1998. Since 2003, Punk Is Not Dead with performances by various punk rock bands has always taken place on October 2nd in the youth and cultural association Exil Eberswalde or in the Rockbahnhof Eberswalde .
Culinary specialties
The Eberswalder Spritzkuchen is a pastry made from choux pastry that is fried in fat.
On February 23, 1832, the Berlin confectioner and gingerbread maker Gustav Louis Zietemann obtained permission to set up as a confectioner in Eberswalde. On April 1, 1832, he opened his pastry shop, where he offered Eberswalder Spritzkuchen for the first time and delivered them to the train station from 1842. So the Spritzkuchen became an advertising medium for the city and many travelers associated the name of Eberswalde with the Spritzkuchen.
In the time after the global economic crisis, the city of Eberswalde issued two emergency money bills (25 and 50 pfennigs). There is a rumor that these notes were intended to be used to pay for spritz cake at the train station, but they were normal emergency money.
In memory of Zietemann there is a bronze statue in the Eberswalde train station today.
Eberswalder sausages are a special Eberswalder specialty, but they are made in Britz . They are special sausages that have become widespread outside of Eberswalde.
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
overview
The city is classified by the Brandenburg state government as a regional development center (REZ) and as a medium-sized center with partial functions of a regional center . Eberswalde is the only regional growth center in the Barnim district with various fields of industry expertise. The economic structure is characterized by the food and beverage industry, wagon construction, woodworking and processing, mechanical engineering, iron, steel and non-ferrous metal production, electrical engineering and the inland port.
There are also some companies in the metalworking, bulk production and recycling industries. The Society for Life and Health mbH (GLG), which includes Klinikum Barnim GmbH, Werner Forßmann Hospital and Martin Gropius Hospital GmbH, is characteristic of the social infrastructure . In the universal banking business , Sparkasse Barnim , based in Eberswalde, is the market leader in the Barnim district.
The urban infrastructure is being modernized by building and expanding a high-performance fiber optic network for data, voice and image transmission. Important locations such as the industrial areas, the banks and savings banks, the city and district administrations and the administrative center were connected to the city network. The development of the Finow airfield into a commercial airfield with supraregional importance and the construction of an east-west expressway connecting the commercial sites is planned. In 2010/11, the Finow Tower solar park, the largest solar park in Europe with an output of 84.7 MWp, was built on the airfield site in 2010/11 .
Established businesses
The heavy industry (mainly metal processing companies) that was located in Eberswalde until 1990 lost its importance. The large companies no longer exist or only exist in a much smaller form. In 1989, around 3500 people worked in the Eberswalde crane construction ; Today there are still 200. At the turn of the year, the Finow rolling mill had 2,500 employees; when it was shut down on March 31, 2012 it was 145. Nevertheless, the city remained an industrial center and with the reorientation of the metal industry from 1990 onwards, the product range was also expanded.
The largest employer in the region is the Society for Life and Health mbH (GLG) based in Eberswalde. The holding company in Eberswalde includes Klinikum Barnim GmbH, Werner Forßmann Krankenhaus, Gesundheitszentrum-Verwaltungs-GmbH, Medical Einrichtungs-GmbH Medicus-Center and Martin Gropius Krankenhaus GmbH, and in Angermünde the Medical-Social Center Uckermark gGmbH (with its subsidiary MVZ Prenzlau GmbH). With around 2000 employees (1500 of them in Eberswalde), the health company is one of the largest companies in the state of Brandenburg.
The second largest company and the third largest employer after the district administration with more than 500 employees is DB Fahrzeuginstandhaltung GmbH (Reichsbahnausbesserungswerk until 1993) with 450 employees (in 1989 still 1500). The Eberswalde operating facility of ODIG, a subsidiary of Ostdeutsche Eisenbahn GmbH (ODEG), belongs to the same branch .
Finow Rohrleitungssystem- und Apparatebau Servicleistungs GmbH (100 employees) and Finow Automotive GmbH (70 employees) still exist in larger companies. The Eberswalder Brot- und Feinbackwaren GmbH Märkisch Edel and the fuel and mineral oil trade K.-Otto Hucke are of national importance.
At the port of Eberswalde, the 1Heiz Group operates one of the largest biomass power plants in Europe (64 MW output). The CO 2 -neutral electricity generated is fed into the public grid and covers Eberswalde's electricity needs. The resulting heat is used to produce wood pellets. 45 people are employed at the site.
DRE / CON Großwälzlager GmbH (100 employees) was taken over on January 1, 2007 by Rothe Erde GmbH , based in Dortmund . DRE / CON was created in 1994 by splitting off from Kranbau Eberswalde and was privatized in 1995 by the Treuhandanstalt . The plant produces slewing rings for wind turbines as well as for conveyor and drive technology.
With MP-TEC , the largest solar system provider for renewable energies in East Germany has its headquarters in Eberswalde. In 2006 the company received the Ostbrandenburg Future Prize, and one year later the Berlin-Brandenburg Innovation Prize 2007. MP-TEC was honored for its in-house development, the first hemispherical tracking system for solar modules and solar collectors .
The Eberswalde Materials Testing Institute (MPA) emerged from a state office in the State of Brandenburg; until 2005, the MPA was called the Brandenburg Materials Testing Institute . The material testing institute has the task of carrying out tests of substances, products, systems and processes in the public interest with the aim of protecting the general public against dangers and supporting the economy in quality assurance.
The name of the city is also linked to the EWG Eberswalder Wurst GmbH / EFG Eberswalder Fleisch GmbH . However, the headquarters and production facilities are in the municipality of Britz north of the city. The best-known product is probably the Eberswalder sausages . The former slaughtering and processing combine (SVKE) was one of the largest meat processing plants in Europe in 1989 with around 3,000 employees. Today 290 people still work in the company.
Economic indicators
The regional gross domestic product (GDP) in 2004 was 15,205 euros per inhabitant of the goods and services produced (national average 24,805 euros). In June 2004, 4.7% of employees subject to social insurance contributions in the Eberswalde region were employed in agriculture, forestry and fishing, 22.4% in manufacturing, 22.8% in trade, hospitality and transport and 50.2% in other areas Service sector. The employment density was 269 per 1000 inhabitants. About half of all employed people worked outside the outer development area of the Barnim district (Eberswalde region), 70 percent of them in Berlin.
In May 2014, the official unemployment rate in the Eberswalde area of the Employment Agency was 11.4%. The unemployment rate reached 7.1% in October 2018.
traffic
Road traffic
The federal highways B 167 ( Neuruppin - Frankfurt (Oder) ) and B 168 (Eberswalde - Cottbus ) as well as the Landesstraße 200 ( Bernau - Angermünde ) run right through the city and cause a correspondingly high volume of traffic.
The place is close to the A 11 (Berlin – Stettin). The closest connection points are Finowfurt and Chorin . The connection of the city with a bypass road along the Oder-Havel Canal is planned.
Rail transport
The Eberswalde Central Station is the junction of the routes Berlin-Pasewalk-Stralsund and Eberswalde-Frankfurt / Oder .
Eberswalde Hbf is served by the following regional express and regional train lines:
- RE 3 Stralsund / Schwedt –Berlin– Falkenberg (Elster) / Lutherstadt Wittenberg
- RE 66 Berlin-Lichtenberg - Szczecin Główny
- RB 24 Eberswalde - Berlin - Senftenberg
- RB 60 Eberswalde - Frankfurt (Oder)
- RB 63 Eberswalde –Templin city
ICE and IC trains on the Stralsund – Berlin route stop at the station . While the national passenger traffic and the connections to Berlin are operated by the DB Regio Nordost , the traffic on the branch lines of the Niederbarnimer Railway is responsible .
On the site of the former Hufnagelfabrik in the district of Kupferhammer, another special feature of the railway can be seen: the remains of the Eberswalde wagon elevator .
Transportation
In 1901, in Eberswalde wrong with the track rail lots Eberswalde , the first regularly operated trolley bus ( trolleybus ) in Germany. However, this operation only lasted three months due to technical difficulties.
From September 1, 1910 to November 3, 1940, the Eberswalde tram operated in the city .
Today Eberswalde owns one of only three German trolleybus companies in addition to Esslingen am Neckar and Solingen . This trolleybus Eberswalde has existed since November 3, 1940 and has been operated electrically by Barnimer Busgesellschaft mbH (BBG) since the fall of the Wall on the following lines : The two connections from the Nordend (line 861) and from the Ostend (line 862) to the Brandenburg quarter and to Finow. They handle the vast majority of the city's public transport. In 2009 the BBG carried out a Europe-wide tender for the renewal of the trolleybuses that had been in existence since around 1993. After initially thinking of hydrogen fuel cell buses, conventional trolleybuses with the option of autonomous travel over about five kilometers were then preferred - because the new drive technology was too risky.
There are also several bus lines in city traffic . There are other bus routes in the catchment area, including a tourist bus that travels around the Werbellinsee in the summer months and carries a bicycle trailer.
Tram in Eberswalde, 1915
Historic ŠKODA 9 Tr trolleybus in Eberswalde
MPE1 O-Bus in Eberswalde 1940
ÖAF Gräf & Stift NGE 152 M17
shipping
The Finow Canal, the oldest man-made waterway in Germany that can still be navigated, was one of the foundations of the industrial development of the city of Eberswalde. Today it is no longer important as a shipping route. However, its guided tour through the middle of the city makes it a tourist attraction.
The tasks of the Finow Canal were taken over by the Oder-Havel Canal, which was opened in 1914 and leads past the city to the north. The Oder-Havel Canal has been continuously expanded for operation with modern inland vessels since the early 2000s, with the entire seal of the canal bed being renewed. Another part of this renovation work was the replacement of the old canal overpass over the Berlin-Szczecin Railway . For this purpose, a new crossing structure in the form of a tunnel and a new canal bed were built north of the existing one. Construction work on the crossing structure began on July 5, 2004; it was cleared for traffic on December 11, 2006. The new crossing structure also creates better conditions for the railway line below, the power lines under the canal can now remain live, and the speed for the line has been increased from 80 to 160 km / h. h increased.
In Eberswalde, after 1990, a new inland port was built on an old property of the Soviet armed forces and continuously expanded. This port is located between the Lichterfelder Wassertorbrücke and the Dusterwinkelbrücke. It replaces the old port in Nordend, which no longer offered any expansion options. In addition, other goods are handled in the new port facility of Steil Holding west of the Lichterfeld water gate bridge. The quay of the former concrete works (between the inland port and Dusterwinkelbrücke) has been shut down.
air traffic
The Eberswalde Finow airfield is a civil airfield that was operated as a military airfield until the withdrawal of the Soviet troops. The approach lane lies over the south of the city of Eberswalde. Until the fall of the Wall, interceptors were mainly stationed, but there were also take-offs and landings with heavy transport aircraft. The fastest international airports to be reached are Berlin Tegel Airport and Schönefeld Airport .
media
On October 16, 2009, the previous city channel Eberswalde TV (broadcast started in 2003) was converted into the local channel ODF - television for East Brandenburg , which broadcasts different local programs in Barnim, Märkisch-Oderland and the Oder-Spree district. In the spring of 2009, Eberswalde TV took over the broadcasting license of the channel Oskar TV from Fürstenwalde, which has been supplying the Oder-Spree, Märkisch-Oderland and part of the Barnims with current programs since 1995.
ODF can be received by around 118,000 viewers in the cable networks of the Barnim and Oder-Spree districts. In Eberswalde, around 17,000 households are connected via cables. Editorial offices are located in the Eberswalde broadcasting center, in Bernau and Fürstenwalde . The organizer is Eberswalder Blitz Werbe & Verlags GmbH.
Other local media in the city of Eberswalde:
- Märkische Oderzeitung , daily newspaper, circulation: approx. 31,000 regionally, 100,000 in total
- BB Radio Nordost via BB Radio
- Eberswalder Blitz, free advertising paper, circulation: approx. 91,000
- Barnimer Bürgerpost (bbp), appears monthly
- Eberswalder Monatsblatt, the official gazette of the city of Eberswalde, appears monthly
Authorities, institutions, corporations
One of the largest public employers is the Employment Agency with 570 employees in the entire agency district, 300 of them in the urban area of Eberswalde. In addition to the main agency based in Bergerstrasse in Eberswalde, the agency district Eberswalde includes the offices in Angermünde, Bernau, Prenzlau, Schwedt and Templin.
Next to a are located in Eberswalde official and Labor Court and a branch of the prosecutor's office in Frankfurt (Oder) also the state police for the state of Brandenburg. That moved here from what was then Basdorf in 2006 .
As a traditional forest town, the Federal Research Institute for Forestry and Wood Management is based in Eberswalde, as is the State Forestry Institute, which takes on preparatory and service tasks for the forestry specialist complex and works closely with the State Environment Ministry.
Other authorities for the State of Brandenburg have settled in Eberswalde, including the Large Protected Areas and Spatial Development departments of the State Environment Agency and the Materials Testing Office of the State of Brandenburg (Wood and Wood-Based Materials Department ), which carries out wood preservative tests for the entire federal territory.
The district administration for the district of Barnim is located on the market square in the Paul-Wunderlich-Haus . With around 500 employees, it is the city's largest public employer. The district archive also exists in Eberswalde.
The State Education Office, the Waterways and Shipping Office , which administers around 660 km of waterways, and the Office for Occupational Safety and Health, one of the lower occupational safety authorities in the country, are also located in the city. The State Road Administration of Brandenburg operates a branch in the city and the Federal Agency for Technical Relief (THW) is represented by a local association. In addition, Eberswalde has had a professional fire brigade since 2000 .
Medical institutions
Martin Gropius Krankenhaus GmbH (formerly the state insane asylum ) is based in Eberswalde . This is located in the Nordend district. August Zinn founded an aid association for the mentally ill for the province of Brandenburg as early as 1873 . Today a street north of the hospital, the Dr.-Zinn-Weg, commemorates him . The architect Martin Gropius drafted the plans for the Provincial Insane Asylum , which was built from 1862 to 1865 and at that time corresponded to the most modern standards for hospital buildings. In the two world wars the clinic served as a military hospital, after 1945 it was used by the Soviet Army as a central hospital, while some of the surrounding properties were used as district hospitals for psychiatry and neurology .
After the fall of the Wall and the withdrawal of the Soviet Army, the Gropius Building was reopened in 2002 after five years of reconstruction. The renovation and renovation work as well as the new building of the clinic for forensic psychiatry were among the largest construction measures in the state of Brandenburg. Only the geriatric psychiatry continues to be used, the other buildings used during the GDR era are no longer operated.
The Werner Forßmann Hospital is an academic teaching hospital of the Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin and is located on Rudolf-Breitscheid-Strasse on the southern outskirts of Eberswalde near the zoo . The hospital was founded as the Auguste Victoria Heim , named after the last German Empress who was personally present at the opening.
education
schools
In Eberswalde there are five elementary schools and two secondary schools, two grammar schools and one upper school center. There are also several independent schools.
University for Sustainable Development Eberswalde
The Eberswalde University for Sustainable Development (abbreviation: HNE Eberswalde or HNEE) has a long tradition in the city. It was founded in 1830 as a higher forestry school by Friedrich Wilhelm Leopold Pfeil . Today, students can choose from a total of 17 courses from four subject areas (forest and environment, landscape use and nature conservation, wood technology, economics). 56 professors face around 2100 students. Research and teaching are based on the guiding principle "With nature for people" and place tradition, innovation and cooperation at the center of their actions.
Sports
The SV Motor Eberswalde is with its 13 sports departments and over 1000 members the largest sports club in the city. Since it was founded as Prussia 09 Eberswalde in 1909, its members have been able to prove themselves successfully in 16 sports and have become known even beyond the national borders.
The city's largest football club is FV Preussen Eberswalde . Since 1994/1995 the team as FV Motor Eberswalde has been an uninterrupted member of the Oberliga Nordost (North Staffel) . At the end of the 2006/2007 season, the club was relegated to the Brandenburg League as the last of the season and has been playing in this division since then (as of the 2018/19 season). In 2011 FV Motor Eberswalde merged with FC Freya Marienwerder to form FV Preussen Eberswalde.
In handball the 1. SV Eberswalde is of national importance. The club played in 1987/1988 in the GDR Oberliga and 1996/1997 in the 2nd Bundesliga, North Season. In 1995/1996 the team became Northeast German champions . After the end of the 2006/2007 season, the club made it to the Oberliga Berlin-Brandenburg, the fourth-highest division in handball at the time. At the end of the 2009/2010 season, the team was promoted to the handball league Ostsee-Spree . The new fourth highest league in handball was formed at the beginning of the 2010/2011 season. At the end of the 2011/2012 season, the club was relegated to the Brandenburgliga.
The SV Stahl Finow has been very successful in the sports of sailing, canoeing, table tennis, introduced in the 1970s and 1980s, several East German champions. The sailing section of the association is located at the western end of the Werbellinsee in Wildau near Eichhorst . The football department of FV Stahl Finow , which was separated out in 1994, operated a total of four seasons (1974/1975 to 1976/1977 and 1981/1982) in the GDR League , the second highest division in the German Football Association of the GDR (DFV).
The men's team of the Finower TTC Eberswalde played in the 2nd table tennis Bundesliga in 1996/97. In 2007, the TTC merged with ESV Eberswalde, which, after the 2006/2007 season had ended, made it to the Oberliga Ost, the fourth highest division in table tennis. After the 2010/2011 season, the club was relegated to the association league. In 2012 the men of the TTC Finow GEWO-Eberswalde became Brandenburg state champions and thus made it into the top league. For financial reasons, however, the association waived this option. The women's team of the TTC Finow GEWO-Eberswalde rose after the end of the 2007/2008 season from the Regionalliga Nord, the third highest division in table tennis, to the Oberliga Ost.
The Eberswalde judo club is located in the sports hall of the Technischen Werke in Westend. Its team fought in the 1st Bundesliga, group north, in the 2007 season. After one year of membership, the club was relegated to the 2nd Bundesliga at the end of the season. In the promotion round (relegation) on October 27, 2007 in Bottrop , he finished fourth and last place. From 2003 to 2006 and from 2008 to 2010 the team belonged to the 2nd Bundesliga, group north. After one year of membership in the Regionalliga Nordost, the judo club will again be fighting in the 2nd Bundesliga from the 2012 season.
The Werbellow diving club is at home in Eberswalde and has its diving base at Werbellinsee .
On July 15, 1952, the company sports association Chemie Finow was founded from the Finowtal chemical factory . This resulted in today's FSV Eintracht Finowtal (since 2005 SV Medizin Eberswalde eV).
The first beginnings of swimming in Eberswalde can be traced back to the year 1891. Since then, the Eberswalder swimming club has celebrated many great successes. The meeting point is the swimming pool (baffled) in the Westend district.
Since 1999 there is still the team of the "Eberswalde Warriors", who spread the sport of American football in Eberswalde. The team was founded as a project for difficult-to-educate children and has developed into a real club over the years with increasing success. The "Eberswalde Warriors" now play in the Oberliga Ost, the fourth highest division in Germany.
Personalities
Honorary citizen
Only living persons receive the title of honorary citizen . The following overview therefore shows former and current honorary citizens of the city of Eberswalde, sorted according to the date of the award.
- 1817: David Schickler (1755-1818), banker
- 1876, October 25: Theodor Bergmann (1808–1883), businessman and councilor
- 1892, August 17: Johann Gottlieb Schreiber (1802–1905), city councilor, merchant
- 1899, August 29: Wilhelm Noebel (1821–1901), mill owner, alderman
- 1899, August 29: August Lautenschläger (1843–1918), city councilor
- 1900: Bernhard Danckelmann (1831–1901), Academy Director, City Councilor
- 1908, November 17th: Herrmann Krause (1850–1932), master carpenter, city councilor
- 1909, November 11: Herrmann Großmann (1837–1927), bank director, head of the city council
- 1917: Paul Radack (1851–1929), city councilor
- 1917, October 4th: Otto von Schjerning (1853–1921), General Staff Doctor
- 1920, February 11th: Friedrich Boldt (1850–1925), Privy Councilor, Head of City Council
- 1926, March 30: August Teuber (1850–1927), Privy Councilor, Church Elder
- 1927, June 1: Ludwig Sandberg (1867–1933), Counselor, Jewish lawyer
- 1928, April 1: Ernst Hopf (1862–1948), Lord Mayor
- 1928, November 2nd: Adam Schwappach (1851–1932), forester
- 1933, April 19: Paul von Hindenburg (1847–1934); Revoked in 1991
- 1934. March 13: Wilhelm Kube (1887–1943); denied
- 1939, June 13: Hermann Göring (1893–1946); Revoked in 1991
- 1969, April 25: Viktor Lisitsky , Soviet colonel
- 1972: Fritz Schwarz , (1890–?), Resistance fighter against National Socialism
- 1975, April 23: Vasily Makarzew , Soviet major general
- 1995, March 23: Erich Schuppan (1915–2006), General superintendent
- 2000: Günter Schulz , zoo director
- 2008, June 29: Paul Wunderlich (1927–2010), artist
- 2013, September 27: Gunther Wolff (1930–2013), forest scientist, founding rector of the Eberswalde University of Applied Sciences (awarded posthumously)
sons and daughters of the town
- Oskar von Reichenbach (1848–1922), Prussian lieutenant general
- Paul Müller-Walde (1858–1931), art historian
- Albert Kienscherf (1859–1928), organ builder
- Marie Luise Becker (1871–1960), writer
- Clara Russo (1876–1943), opera singer
- Herbert Kleine (1887–1978), administrative lawyer, born in Heegermühle
- Friedrich Mieth (1888–1944), General of the Infantry of the Wehrmacht
- Erich Lindemann (1894–1934), leading member of the Reich Association of Jewish Front-Line Soldiers , victim of the so-called Röhm Putsch
- Ernst Krüger (1895–1970), politician (KPD / SED), GDR trade union official
- Bernhard Panzram (1902–1998), Catholic priest and theologian
- Wolfgang Zarnack (1902–1980), lawyer , SA leader
- Walter Gross (1904–1989), actor and cabaret artist
- Gerd von Koerber (1906–1983), politician ( NSDAP )
- Erna Bürger (1909–1958), gymnast and Olympic champion
- Hans Schrem (1911–1961), journalist
- Dietrich von Oppen (1912–2006), social ethicist
- Volkmar von Zühlsdorff (1912–2006), diplomat and publicist, born in Finow
- Edith Krüger (1913–1988), politician and member of the Bremen citizenship
- Wolfgang Rutschke (1919–1996), civil servant , politician ( FDP / DVP ), born in Heegermühle
- Eva Zeller (* 1923), writer
- Horst Kramer (1924–2015), forest scientist
- Paul Wunderlich (1927–2010), graphic artist and sculptor
- Peter Baronsky (* 1932), handball player
- Joachim Krüger (* 1933), metallurgist , university professor
- Heinz Löhn (* 1934), diplomat, GDR ambassador to Ecuador and Colombia
- Joachim Linck (1940–2013), lawyer and honorary professor
- Hans-Jürgen Döscher (* 1943), historian
- Ursula Werner (* 1943), actress
- Burkhard Meier (1943–2001), music teacher and composer, born in Finow
- Gert Heidenreich (* 1944), writer and radio announcer
- Dieter Saldecki (1944–2006), inventor of the WDR children's program Die Sendung mit der Maus
- Candida Höfer (* 1944), photographer
- Dagmar Frederic (* 1945), singer and presenter
- Wilhelm Bartsch (* 1950), writer
- Erwin Hagedorn (1952–1972), best known as the child murderer of Eberswalde
- Siegbert Schefke (* 1959), journalist
- Henning Wagenbreth (* 1962), graphic artist, comic artist
- Ralf Hauptmann (* 1968), soccer player
- Kristin Heiss (* 1983), politician (Die Linke), member of the state parliament of Saxony-Anhalt
- BattleBoi Basti (* 1984), rapper
- Robert Klauß (* 1984), soccer player and coach
- Betty Taube-Günter (* 1994), model and actress
Personalities associated with Eberswalde
- Wilhelm Pfeil (1783-1859), forest scientist
- Julius Theodor Christian Ratzeburg (1801–1871), zoologist, entomologist and forest scientist
- Otto von Hagen (1817–1880), forest scientist
- Bernard Altum (1824–1900), zoologist
- Bernhard Danckelmann (1831–1901), forest scientist
- Robert Hartig (1839–1901), forest scientist
- Ernst Krause (1839–1903), popular science writer
- Rudolf Schmidt (1875–1943), city chronicler
- Werner Forßmann (1904–1979), doctor, Nobel Prize winner
- Herbert Hesmer (1904–1982), forest scientist
- Fritz Schwerdtfeger (1905–1986), forest scientist and zoologist
- Egon Wagenknecht (1908–2005), forest and hunting scientist
- Albert Richter (1909–2007), forest scientist
- Alexis Scamoni (1911-1993), forest scientist
- Hans Borgelt (1914–2000), journalist, author
- Ekkehard Schwartz (1926-2005), forest scientist
- Albrecht Milnik (* 1931), forest scientist
- Gerhard Wienckowski (1935–2011), painter and graphic artist, lived in Eberswalde
- Hans Dresig (1937–2018), professor of technical mechanics , lived and worked in Eberswalde
- Bärbel Wachholz (1938–1984), singer, grew up in Eberswalde
- Vladimir Vysotsky (1938–1980), singer, lived as a child in Eberswalde
- Günter Rinnhofer (* 1945), photographer, lives in Eberswalde
- Axel Vogel (* 1956), politician (Bündnis90 / Die Grünen), lives in Eberswalde
- Andreas Bogdain (* 1959), painter, lived in Eberswalde
Remarkable
dialect
Strictly speaking, Eberswalder Kanaldeutsch is not an independent dialect , but a variant of the Berlin dialect that has been slightly modified by the influence of the Brandenburg region. For example, “aries” is said instead of “again”. Furthermore, “janich” or simply “janee” is denied.
Assigning a name to an alien crater
The Mars crater Eberswalde with a diameter of 65.3 kilometers and a depth of about 800 meters was named after the town of Eberswalde. This crater was selected as one of four possible landing sites for the new Mars rover Curiosity .
Superlatives
- On March 15, 1901 the first line operation of a trolleybus in Germany took place here .
- With the Ragöser Damm , created in 1908 , the urban area has the highest canal dam in Europe (28 m high).
- Wilfried Schwuchow's largest pocket watch in the world has been in the family garden since September 1999 after it was entered in the Guinness Book of Records .
Trolleybus in Eberswalde 1901
Southern embankment of the Ragöser Damm
Top of the Maria Magdalenen Church
Pocket watch in the family garden
See also
literature
- sorted by year of publication
- Klaus Arlt: Evidence of Jewish Culture: Memorials in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Brandenburg, Berlin, Saxony-Anhalt, Saxony and Thuringia. Tourist-Verlag, Berlin 1992, ISBN 3-350-00780-5 .
- Wilhelm Bartsch: A little stuff for eternity. Osburg-Verlag, Hamburg 2013, ISBN 978-3-95510-003-2 .
- Johann Joachim Bellermann : Description of the city Neustadt-Eberswalde . Berlin, 1829.
- Ilona Rohowski: Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany . Monuments in Brandenburg 5.1 = Barnim district. City of Eberswalde . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft , Worms 1997. ISBN 978-3-88462-136-3
- Sighard Neckel: Forest life. An East German city in transition since 1989. Frankfurt am Main, Campus 1999, ISBN 3-593-36247-3 .
- Eberswalde . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 5, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, p. 283.
- Günter Rinnhofer , Klaus Rohlfien: Eberswalde. Wartberg, Gudensberg-Gleichen 1999.
- Günter Rinnhofer, Klaus Rohlfien: Eberswalde. Yesterday and today - a comparison. Wartberg, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2003.
- Eberswalde after the turn. Exhibition yesterday and today from August 1st – 18th September 2002. City of Eberswalde (Ed.). Eberswalde 2002.
-
Rudolf Schmidt :
- The Finow Canal. The history of its development. Messages from the local history association in Eberswalde. Eberswalde 11th 1938.
- History of the city of Eberswalde. Volume 1 to 1740. Eberswalde 1939, Volume 2 from 1740 to 1940. Eberswalde 1940, 1994 (reprint).
- Ronald Krüger, Michael Hasse (ed.): Stadtverkehr Eberswalde. Trackless train - tram - trolleybus. Historic Transport Preservation Society Berlin e. V., Ges. Für Verkehrsppolitik und Eisenbahnwesen (GVE), Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-89218-058-X .
- Marina Schlaak: Zeitzeichen, Eberswalde - history and stories. City administration Eberswalde, Eberswalde 2003, ISBN 3-9805947-3-4 .
- Märkische research. 20 volumes. Association for the History of the Mark Brandenburg, Berlin 1841–1887.
- Eberswalder yearbook for local, cultural and natural history. Association for local history in Eberswalde e. V., Eberswalde 2004/2005, ISSN 1616-1882 .
- Eberswalde. Then and now. Culturcon / Märkische Oderzeitung. 2010. ISBN 978-3-941092-47-1
- To Eberswalde, Chorin and the Werbellin-See (= values of our homeland . Volume 34). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1981.
- Around Eberswalde, Chorin and Werbellinsee (= values of the German homeland . Volume 64). 1st edition. Böhlau, Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2002, ISBN 978-3-412-02401-7 .
- JW Kunger: Chronicle of Neustadt-Eberswalde. With a more detailed description of the area and a collection of original documents from this city . Neustadt-Eberswalde 1841 ( e-copy ).
Web links
- Link catalog on the subject of Eberswalde at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
- The trolleybus town of Eberswalde
- Photo impressions of the Barnim forest town
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population in the State of Brandenburg according to municipalities, offices and municipalities not subject to official registration on December 31, 2019 (XLSX file; 223 KB) (updated official population figures) ( help on this ).
- ^ Service portal of the state administration Brandenburg. City of Eberswalde
- ^ Martin Gropius Hospital GmbH
- ↑ Historical development of FINOW works. Finow Rohrsysteme GmbH, archived from the original on February 3, 2012 ; Retrieved May 5, 2015 .
- ↑ Homepage family garden Eberswalde; Retrieved June 8, 2010
- ^ History of Tornow ( Memento from July 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) on barnim.de; Retrieved June 8, 2010
- ↑ a b c Ilona Rohowski: Eberswalde . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1997, ISBN 3-88462-136-X , introduction. Note 7, p. 36 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Ilona Rohowski: City of Eberswalde . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1997, ISBN 3-88462-136-X , introduction. The founding of the city and its development up to the Thirty Years War, p. 12-15 .
- ↑ Ilona Rohowski: Eberswalde . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1997, ISBN 3-88462-136-X , introduction. Note 10, p. 36 .
- ↑ Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, description of the Mark Brandenburg 1373, p. 1-6 .
- ↑ Johannes Schultze: The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, Introduction, p. XI-XXIII .
- ↑ a b Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, De civitatibus. [Barnim]. Eberswalde vel Nova civitas, p. 51.
- ^ As a manuscript in the Barnim district archive, No. R 3842.
- ↑ Ilona Rohowski: Eberswalde . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1997, ISBN 3-88462-136-X , introduction. Note 6, p. 36 .
- ↑ Johannes Schultze : The Mark Brandenburg. First volume. Origin and development under the Ascanian margraves (until 1319) . In: The Mark Brandenburg . Fourth edition. Duncker & Humblot , Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-428-13480-9 , 12. Albrecht II. (1205-1220), pp. 112-117 .
- ↑ a b Ilona Rohowski: Eberswalde . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1997, ISBN 3-88462-136-X , introduction. Note 5, p. 36 .
- ↑ a b Ilona Rohowski: Eberswalde . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1997, ISBN 3-88462-136-X , Medieval architecture and urban structure, p. 16 (Including: Johann Christoph Euchler: oldest city map of Neustadt Eberswalde. 1723, p. 13 as well as approximate plan of the city of Neustadt Eberswalde. Around 1750, p. 19).
- ^ Jelena Findeisen: City of Eberswalde . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1997, ISBN 3-88462-136-X , district map of the old town, p. 289 .
- ↑ Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century. Brandenburg, Volume Two, 1855, p. 387
- ↑ Ilona Rohowski: Eberswalde . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1997, ISBN 3-88462-136-X , introduction. Note 13, p. 36 .
- ↑ Ilona Rohowski: Eberswalde . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1997, ISBN 3-88462-136-X , introduction. Note 14, p. 36 .
- ↑ Ilona Rohowski: Eberswalde . Wernersche Verlagsgesellschaft, Worms 1997, ISBN 3-88462-136-X , introduction. Note 15, p. 36 .
- ↑ Medieval leper houses in today's Brandenburg and Berlin. (No longer available online.) In: Leprosy Museum Münster-Kinderhaus . Society for Leprosy V., archived from the original on October 11, 2016 ; accessed on September 16, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, [Topographical Description of the Mark]. Marchia media. Barnym, pp. 63-64, Eberswalde: p. 64.
- ↑ Johannes Schultze (ed.): The land book of the Mark Brandenburg from 1375 . Commission publisher von Gsellius, Berlin 1940, [calculation tables and overviews]. Dispositio castrorum sub anno domini 1377 feria 3 post festum S. Lucie per dominum imperatorem facta. Nyerstad, p. 22.
- ↑ Landbuch der Mark Brandenburg and the Markgrafthum Nieder-Lausitz in the middle of the 19th century. Brandenburg, Volume Two, 1855, p. 387
- ↑ https://www.filmportal.de/film/aus-einer-wahlrede-hitlers-in-eberswalde-am-27-juli-1932_94818f27ea3c44c498f7a926d8324e93
- ^ Synagogue memorial "Growing with memory" at www.reiseland-brandenburg.de
- ^ Danuta Czech: Calendar of the events in the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp 1939–1945 . Pp. 584-585, Rowohlt Verlag, Reinbek 1989, ISBN 3-498-00884-6 .
- ↑ Wolfgang Benz , Barbara Distel (ed.): The place of terror . History of the National Socialist Concentration Camps. Volume 4: Flossenbürg, Mauthausen, Ravensbrück. CH Beck, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-406-52964-X , pp. 540-543.
- ↑ Holger Kliche, Kurt Berus, Ewa Stendel: Ardelt-Werke - Armory of the Führer (Part 1). (PDF, 431 kB) In: Barnimer Bürgerpost . History Institute Eberswalde, February 3, 2006, p. 17 , archived from the original on July 19, 2011 ; Retrieved May 5, 2015 .
- ↑ Holger Kliche, Kurt Berus, Ewa Stendel: Ardelt-Werke - Armory of the Führer (Part 2). (PDF, 456 kB) In: Barnimer Bürgerpost . History Institute Eberswalde, March 3, 2006, p. 17 , archived from the original on July 19, 2011 ; Retrieved May 5, 2015 .
- ^ General plan for the reconstruction of Eberswalde ; In: Architekturmuseum der TU Berlin ; Retrieved March 23, 2013
- ↑ Amadeu Antonio Foundation: Who Was Amadeu Antonio? ( Memento from March 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Carl Schuchhardt: The gold find from the brass factory near Eberswalde . Verlag für Kunstwissenschaft, Berlin 1914.
- ↑ The Märkische Elektrizitätswerk. (PDF, 1.07 MB) In: Stadtwerke Journal. Stadtwerke Eberswalde, February 2006, p. 4/5 , archived from the original on December 14, 2006 ; Retrieved May 5, 2015 .
- ↑ Mohamed Hamdali: contract workers in Eberswalde. Eberswalde University of Applied Sciences, archived from the original on March 17, 2008 ; Retrieved May 5, 2015 .
- ↑ Список всех войсковых соединений ГСВГ (List of all military units of the GSSD)
- ↑ Foreign home Eberswalde? - Immigration in the past and present ( memento of the original from July 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Booklet accompanying the special exhibition in the context of the Kulturland Brandenburg 2003 EUROPA, page 38
- ^ ZWA Eberswalde : The Eberswalde sewage treatment plant
- ^ Bertelsmann Stiftung: Guide to Demographic Change
- ↑ Historical municipality register of the state of Brandenburg 1875 to 2005. District Barnim . P. 17
- ↑ § 6 of the Brandenburg Local Election Act
- ^ Result of the local election on May 26, 2019
- ↑ § 4 of the Brandenburg Local Election Act
- ↑ § 5 of the Brandenburg Local Election Act
- ↑ Mayor of the city of Eberswalde
- ↑ Eberswalder mayor sentenced to suspended sentence. In: Lausitzer Rundschau , January 11, 2006
- ^ City of Eberswalde: Results of the referendum on July 16, 2006 (PDF; 245 kB) Official Journal for the City of Eberswalde
- ↑ Announcement of the election result of the runoff election of the full-time mayor of the city of Eberswalde on November 19, 2006. (PDF, 3.09 MB) In: Official Journal for the City of Eberswalde. City of Eberswalde, November 27, 2006, p. 1 , accessed on May 5, 2015 .
- ^ Result of the mayoral election on September 14, 2014
- ^ Result of the state election on September 1, 2019 in the constituency of Barnim I
- ↑ Coat of arms information on the service portal of the state administration of Brandenburg
- ^ City of Eberswalde: Partnerships. Retrieved January 1, 2016 .
- ↑ Town Hall from A to Z; Eberswalde
- ↑ Foundation for the Paul-Wunderlich-Haus: Official website ( Memento of the original from September 30, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Self-presentation of the WaldWelten Foundation , website of the WaldWelten Foundation. Retrieved July 4, 2013
- ↑ Eckart Roloff and Karin Henke-Wendt: Golden times and black kitchens. (Museum Eberswalde) In: Visit your doctor or pharmacist. A tour through Germany's museums for medicine and pharmacy. Volume 1, Northern Germany. Verlag S. Hirzel, Stuttgart 2015, pp. 42–43, ISBN 978-3-7776-2510-2
- ↑ The lightning bolt: Gentle dismantling: The end of “Las Vegas” is sealed ( memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , March 10, 2011
- ↑ Marina Schlaak: Zeitzeichen, Eberswalde - history and stories. City administration Eberswalde, Eberswalde 2003, ISBN 3-9805947-3-4
- ↑ The largest solar power plant in Europe is being built in the Schorfheide . In: Renewable Energies. Das Magazin , September 1, 2011. Retrieved December 27, 2015.
- ↑ "FinowTower II" photovoltaic power plant on the grid; solarhybrid AG reports a total of 218 MWp implemented project volume for 2011 . In: Solarserver , December 21, 2011. Accessed December 27, 2015.
- ↑ Märkische Oderzeitung: Funeral service at the rolling mill gate , from March 31, 2012
- ^ Society for Life and Health: Corporate Structure ( Memento of October 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Barnim district: Paul-Wunderlich-Haus ( Memento from July 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ City of Eberswalde: DRE / CON is now called Rothe Erde (PDF; 1.9 MB) Official Journal for the City of Eberswalde from April 2, 2007
- ^ East Brandenburg Future Prize: Official website
- ^ Winner of the Berlin-Brandenburg Innovation Prize 2007 , website of the Berlin-Brandenburg Innovation Prize
- ↑ Federal Employment Agency: Comparative Analysis of State Labor Markets - Report for Northeast Brandenburg (PDF; 879 kB)
- ↑ State Office for Building and Transport: District Barnim ( Memento of the original from July 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.8 MB)
- ↑ Eberswalde - statistik.arbeitsagentur.de. Retrieved October 31, 2018 .
- ↑ Line overview Eberswalde. Barnimer bus company website
- ↑ Eberswalde Waterways and Shipping Office: Eberswalde Canal Bridge
- ^ ODF: media data
- ↑ http://hnee.de/de/Hochschule/Portraet/Portraet-K292.htm
- ↑ Bundesliga info : Final table of the 2nd handball Bundesliga 1996/97, North Staffel
- ↑ Table tennis database Bonn: Final table of the 2nd table tennis Bundesliga 1996/1997, North Season ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Märkische Oderzeitung: Master waives the right of promotion , July 19, 2012
- ^ Judo-Bundesliga: Official website
- ^ Website Eberswalder Warriors , accessed on May 30, 2013
- ↑ Honorary citizen of the city of Eberswalde
- ↑ Ernst Hopf biography
- ^ Fritz Schwarz becomes an honorary citizen of Eberswalde. In: Barnimer Bürgerpost, issue 12/2007, p. 13
- ↑ The Eberswalder Egg - the largest pocket watch in the world ( Memento of the original from July 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 1.8 MB) Finowfurt magazine 1/2002; Retrieved June 8, 2010
Ahrensfelde | Althüttendorf | Bernau near Berlin | Biesenthal | Breydin | Britz | Chorin | Eberswalde | Friedrichswalde | Hohenfinow | Joachimsthal | Liepe | Lunow-Stolzenhagen | Marienwerder | Melchow | Niederfinow | Oderberg | Panketal | Parsteinsee | Rüdnitz | Schorfheide | Sydower Fliess | Wandlitz | Werneuchen | Ziethen
