Urban V.

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pope Urban V.

Urban V , originally Guillaume de Grimoard (* 1310 at Château Grisac ( Gévaudan ), municipality of Le Pont-de-Montvert , France ; † December 19, 1370 in Avignon , France), resided from 1362 until his death on December 19 1370 as Pope of the Catholic Church in Avignon . He was the penultimate Pope in Avignon.

Clerical career

The Benedictine Urban taught as a doctor of canon law in Montpellier and Avignon and was Benedictine prior of Chirac, legate in Naples, from 1352 abbot of Saint-Germain d'Auxerre and from 1361 abbot of Saint-Victor in Marseille . On his way back from Naples , where he had been sent as papal envoy , he was in Avignon on September 28, 1362 as the successor of Innocent VI. elected pope.

pontificate

Coat of arms of Pope Urban V, modern tracing

As Pope, he was a strict superior who rejected the pomp and luxury of the cardinals , carried out significant reforms in the administration of justice, and was an open-minded promoter of scholarship. Like Pope Benedict XII. Urban rejected any nepotism . Petrarch cheered his election. Urban took vigorous action against the grievances in his environment and within the church.

A special feature of the rule of Urban V was the effort to restore the papacy in Italy and to suppress its rivals who had become powerful there. In 1363 he excommunicated Bernabò Visconti and ordered a crusade against him and his relatives, "the robbers of ecclesiastical property", throughout Italy. However, in the following year he felt it was necessary to lift the ban in order to regain peace. The occupied land went back into the possession of the Pope, who lifted Visconti's ban and paid him 500,000 florins.

Emperor Charles IV. , The poet Giovanni Boccaccio as envoy of the city of Florence, and Saint Birgitta of Sweden and Petrarch appeared in person in Avignon in 1364 . The four personalities represented the empire, Italian culture and the Church. They urged the Pope to return to Rome. But it was to be another three years before he moved into the Eternal City. Accompanied by the German Emperor, Urban entered Rome on October 16, 1367. He was there by Cardinal Albornoz welcomes the his four-year-old working as a pacifier and legislators of the Papal States had ended. The cardinal died shortly afterwards. In Rome, the Pope crowned Emperor Charles' wife, Elisabeth of Pomerania , as empress .

On October 21, 1369 the Vatican received the Byzantine Emperor Johannes V. Emperor Johannes wanted to convert to Catholicism and thus end the Eastern schism . The Byzantine emperor wanted to obtain military aid for his state encircled by Islam. No member of the Byzantine clergy joined him. Pope Urban believed that he had created a "union" of the churches. But this was a mistake. For the unfortunate Byzantine emperor, the trip was a failure. He received no military help and sat in a Venetian debt tower for weeks . After all, the emperor had to do military service in the wake of Sultan Murad I.

The foundation of the University of Vienna was confirmed by Pope Urban. He also began to rebuild the destroyed Rome.

death

Unable to withstand the intrusiveness of the French cardinals any longer, Urban V embarked again on September 5, 1370 in Corneto for Avignon. Neither the threats of St. Birgitta of Sweden nor the presentations of Petrarch prevented him from his plan. On September 24th he arrived in Avignon and died there a little later on December 19th. His successor was Pope Gregory XI.

Pope Urban V was born in 1870 by Pope Pius IX. beatified. His feast day is celebrated in the Archdiocese of Toulouse on November 7th .

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Propre du diocèse de Toulouse. Pour la liturgie des heures . Editions Privat, Toulouse 2000, ISBN 2-7089-6809-2 , pp. 10 (French).

Web links

Commons : Urban V.  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
predecessor Office successor
Innocent VI. Pope
1362-1370 		Gregory XI.
personal data
SURNAME Urban V.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Guillaume de Grimoald
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Pope (1362-1370)
DATE OF BIRTH 1310
PLACE OF BIRTH Château Grisac, municipality of Le Pont-de-Montvert , France
DATE OF DEATH December 19, 1370
Place of death Avignon , France