Innocent VI.

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Innocent VI. on the tomb in Villeneuve-lès-Avignon
Coat of arms of Innocent VI. at the Madrid Church of St. Genesius

Innocent VI. (* 1285 or 1292 in Beyssac , France as Étienne Aubert or Stephan Aubert ; † September 12, 1362 in Avignon ) was Pope of the Catholic Church with residence in Avignon from 1352 until his death in 1362 .

Life

Originally Aubert had the rights studied and was Zivilrechtslehrervereinigung in Toulouse . In 1340 Aubert was ordained bishop of Clermont , in 1342 he was appointed cardinal priest of Santi Giovanni e Paolo and in 1348 as a major penitentiary . From 1352 Aubert held the office of Cardinal Bishop of Ostia . When Pope Clement VI. died that same year, the cardinals elected him pope on December 18, 1352 after a brief conclave . Aubert now took the name Innocent VI. on.

Pope Innocent continued the nepotism of his predecessors a little more moderately . Under him, as under his predecessor, the Limousin dominated . He appointed four relatives as cardinals and three as bishops. But he was not as addicted to pleasure as his predecessors, reformed the papal court and reduced its expenses as well as the privileges of the cardinals. Because of his persecution of the Franciscan spirituals , St. Birgitta of Sweden passed a devastating judgment on him.

The papal state had meanwhile sunk into complete anarchy. Mercenary bands ravaged the country. In order to prepare for a return of the papacy to Rome, the Pope therefore sent Cardinal Albornoz to Rome, vowed by Ferdinand Gregorovius as the most brilliant statesman who has ever sat in the College of Cardinals , in order to restore order there. He solved the problem with energy, wisdom and refinement. He issued the Constitutiones Aeguidinae . It was considered the "most perfect fruit of civil law in the Church". This made the cardinal the second founder of the Papal States. This legislation remained - in the end often only theoretically - its validity until the Napoleonic era.

On April 5, King Charles IV was crowned emperor by a legate. On December 25, 1356, Emperor Karl issued the Golden Bull . It was the clearest piece of legislation in the whole of the Middle Ages in Germany and also set the trend for the relationship between Pope and Emperor. The golden bull placed the norms and competencies set by the Rhense spa association in a legal framework. The Pope was not even mentioned in the bull. But with the bull all old claims of the Pope expired. This finally ended the earlier disputes over the German king's election. The imperial coronation was finally independent of the will of the Pope. Since Innocent did not protest against this bull, he recognized it as an unchangeable fact.

On September 19, 1356, John II of France was defeated by the English in the Hundred Years War in the Battle of Maupertuis and was taken prisoner. This also led to a weakening of the French kingship, which Emperor Karl welcomed . He wanted to end the Pope's dependence on the French crown once and for all. The conditions for this were favorable. Therefore, Charles rejected Pope Innocent's request to campaign for the release of the French king. In 1360 Innocent played a key role in the peace treaty of Bretigny . Although it did not end this war, it made a ten-year armistice possible.

However, his efforts to establish a church union with Byzantium failed.

literature

Web links

Commons : Innocent VI.  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
predecessor Office successor
Clement VI. Pope
1352-1362 		Urban V.
Clement VI. Bishop of Avignon
1352-1362 		Anglicus Grimoard
Bertrand du Pouget Cardinal Bishop of Ostia
1352 		Pierre Bertrand de Colombier
Gauscelin de Jean Major
Penitentiary 1348–1352 		Gil Álvarez Carillo de Albornoz
Raymond D'Aspet Bishop of Clermont
1340-1352 		Pierre André
personal data
SURNAME Innocent VI.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Aubert, Étienne; Aubert, Stephan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Pope (1352-1362)
DATE OF BIRTH 1285 or 1292
PLACE OF BIRTH Beyssac , France
DATE OF DEATH September 12, 1362
Place of death Avignon