Tharandt

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Tharandt
Tharandt
Map of Germany, position of the city of Tharandt highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 59 ′  N , 13 ° 35 ′  E

Basic data
State : Saxony
County : Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains
Management Community : Tharandt
Height : 214 m above sea level NHN
Area : 71.22 km 2
Residents: 5439 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 76 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 01737
Primaries : 035203 ( district Grillenburg: 035202)Template: Infobox municipality in Germany / maintenance / area code contains text
License plate : PIR, DW, FTL, SEB
Community key : 14 6 28 400
LOCODE : DE THT
City structure: 4 villages , 7 districts

City administration address : 		Schillerstraße 5
01737 Tharandt
Website : www.tharandt.de
Mayor : Silvio Ziesemer (independent)
Location of the town of Tharandt in the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district
Altenberg (Erzgebirge) Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel Bad Schandau Bahretal Bannewitz Dippoldiswalde Dohma Dohna Dorfhain Dürrröhrsdorf-Dittersbach Freital Glashütte Gohrisch Hartmannsdorf-Reichenau Heidenau Hermsdorf Klingenberg Hohnstein Sebnitz Königstein (Sächsische Schweiz) Kreischa Liebstadt Lohmen Müglitztal Neustadt in Sachsen Pirna Klingenberg Rabenau Rathen Rathmannsdorf Reinhardtsdorf-Schöna Rosenthal-Bielatal Dippoldiswalde Sebnitz Sebnitz Stadt Wehlen Struppen Stolpen Tharandt Wilsdruff Sachsen Tschechien Landkreis Bautzen Dresden Landkreis Meißen Landkreis Mittelsachsenmap
About this picture

Tharandt is a small town in the Saxon district of Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains . It was created in its current expansion through the merger of the municipalities of Kurort Hartha , Pohrsdorf and the city of Tharandt in the course of the Saxon municipal reform on January 1, 1999, is the seat of the Tharandt administrative community and is located on the Wilden Weißeritz and the Tharandt Forest , southwest of Freital (5 km) and Dresden (13 km), east of Freiberg (18 km), south of Meißen (22 km) and northwest of Dippoldiswalde (12 km).

geography

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities in the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district are Dorfhain , the city of Freital , Klingenberg and the city of Wilsdruff . Bobritzsch-Hilbersdorf and Halsbrücke border in the central Saxony district to the west .

City structure

The city of Tharandt consists of seven districts and four localities :

Kurort Hartha, Fördergersdorf, Grillenburg, Pohrsdorf and Spechtshausen are state-approved resorts .

politics

City council

Since the municipal council election on May 26, 2019 , the 18 seats of the city council have been distributed among the individual groups as follows:

City council election 2019
Turnout: 75.4% (2014; 59.7%)
 %
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
40.1%
(-4.4  % p )
20.3%
(-9.0  % p )
19.7%
( n.k. )
12.6%
(+ 2.9  % p )
5.5%
(-3.9  % p )
1.8%
(-5.3  % p )
GdZ
2014

2019

Party / list Share of votes +/-% p Seats +/-
Free voters (FWG) 40.1% - 4.4 8th - 1
CDU 20.3% - 9.0 4th - 2nd
AfD 19.7% + 19.7 3 + 3
Citizens List Green of Time (GdZ) 12.6% + 2.9 2 + 1
SPD 5.5% - 3.9 1 ± 0
FDP 1.8% - 5.4 0 - 1

+/−: Change compared to local elections on May 25, 2014

Mayor and Mayor

Silvio Ziesemer has been mayor of Tharandt (independent) since 2006. He was elected on June 25, 2006 with a turnout of 48.28% with 71.59% of the votes cast. The previous incumbent did not run again. For the election on April 21, 2013, he was confirmed in office according to the preliminary election result with a turnout of 62.7% with 54.6% of the votes cast. Mayor of Tharandt is Milana Müller (Green of Time), Mayor of Kurort Hartha (with Fördergersdorf , Grillenburg and Spechtshausen ) is André Kaiser (Free Voting Association), Mayor of Pohrsdorf is Uwe Stoll (CDU) and Mayor of Großopitz is Frank Dittrich (CDU ).

coat of arms

Since January 2002, the Tharandt town coat of arms has replaced the coat of arms of the three municipalities, Kurort Hartha , Pohrsdorf and Tharandt, which were united by the Saxon municipal reform .

Blazon : "In green, a fallen, curly red tip with a silver border tapering downwards, inside a stylized symmetrical silver ruin, consisting of a free-standing Romanesque arched portal with threshold and half-height wall remains on both sides, front and back an upright eight-ended silver red deer pole facing outwards."

The tripartite division of the shield illustrates the formation of the city from the three formerly independent municipalities, all of which have in common the color green of the Tharandt forest and their location in the Kerbtal, which is represented by the fallen tip. The deer sticks symbolize the abundance of game in the Tharandt forest, its health-promoting effect and the bond with the forestry school in Tharandt. The stylized silver walls at the top represent historical buildings such as the Tharandt castle ruins and others in the region.

Population development of Tharandt
year 1834 1890 1910 1925 1939 1946 1964 1970 1990 2000 2005 2008 2011 2012 2013
Residents 868 2540 3149 3853 3954 4559 3988 3714 2555 5734 5635 5575 5429 5316 5320

Tharandt village

Location of the Tharandt district in the city

The Tharandt settlement is a locality and a district of the city and is located on the district of the same name and part of the Großopitz district. The Warnsdorf desert is located in the Tharandt district, which also includes the former Tharandt teaching forest area in the Tharandt Forest . In Tharandt the Todbach , the Amtsdellenbach and the Zeisigbach flow into the Schloitzbach , and this in turn into the Wilde Weißeritz.

The Tharandt district extends in the south to the Edle Krone settlement . The railway tunnel there is largely located on the Tharandt floor.

history

Coat of arms of the city of Tharandt until 1999, since then the coat of arms of the village of Tharandt, with the Tharandt castle ruins, as the namesake of the city, and the pomegranate as a symbol for the original name of the settlement as grenades
Tharandt, view from the north
Tharandt, view from the castle hill
Tharandt, view over the castle pond to the castle ruins

Tharandt was mentioned for the first time indirectly in a document dated January 21, 1216, in which a margrave-Meissnian vassal named Boriwo de Tharant , named after the fort there, appears as a witness. This man came from probably the wettinischen Döbelner Castle team and took in the former power structure obviously a very prominent place. In any case, it can then be detected five more times by 1242. A relative named himself after Lauenstein in 1242 . The first Tharandt castle had obviously been built by Margrave Dietrich the Distressed in order to push back the migration of the Burgraves of Dohna in the Weißeritz and Müglitz area. The founding (or renovation) of Lauenstein Castle around 1240 obviously also belongs in this context .

The successor to Tharandt Castle, probably a work from the environment of Arnold von Westphalia , was the widow's seat of the Duchess Sidonie (Zděnka; † 1510). After it was seriously destroyed by lightning in the 16th century, Elector August released the castle for demolition for the citizens of the settlement at the foot of the mountain. It has been owned by the municipality ever since.

Especially during the early modern period, the name Granaten (occasionally: [Official] Städtlein Granaten unterm Tharandt ) was used for the city , although the city name 'Tharandt' never completely disappeared in the written sources, for example tax registers of this period.

In 1609, Elector Christian II (Saxony) expanded the city justice that had existed at least since the middle of the 16th century, which was clearly expressed, for example, in the existence of a council constitution, by granting the right to use a city seal and to hold a fair.

Tharandt was the seat of the Grillenburg-Tharandt office until 1568 and from 1827. The Tharandt court office was formed in 1856 and was initially subordinate to the Dresden District Court and from 1871 to the Freiberg District Court. In 1879 the Tharandt court office was dissolved and the Tharandt district court was re-established. The primary school is located in the former building.

At the end of the 18th century, with the age of sensitivity , tourism slowly began. Official surgeon Johann Gottfried Butter discovered two mineral springs in 1792 , the Sidonia and Heinrichs springs , so that it flourished for a short time as a bathing resort with a direct road connection. a. for the bathing car , through the Plaunschen Grund to Dresden. In 1805, the Stadtbad-Hotel was built in the Badetal between the springs according to a design by Gottlob Friedrich Thormeyer . In addition, from 1796 onwards, numerous hiking trails with viewpoints, shelters and memorial stones, etc. a. under the direction of the Dresden Court and Justice Council and Heilsberger Freiherr Gottfried Ferdinand von Lindemann (1744–1804), laid out as holy halls . Friedrich Schiller (memorial plaque at the Schillereck inn on the market), Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (memorial plaque at the former Stadtbad Hotel , stored), Heinrich von Kleist and other celebrities stayed there, and the romantic Tharandt castle ruins became the most frequently drawn motif of this era.

With the private forestry school that Heinrich Cotta brought with him from Zillbach in Thuringia to Tharandt when he was employed by the Saxon Forest Surveyor in 1811 , Tharandt became a town of scholars and students. Bakers and butchers, tailors and shoemakers, and last but not least, the landlords benefited from this development. Also student organizations emerged in Tharandt, especially academic hunting corporations. In 1816 the institute was elevated to the status of the Royal Saxon Forest Academy and between 1929 and 1941 it was integrated into the Dresden Technical University as the Tharandt Forestry University .

After laying the date on the post office in Herzogswalde leading stagecoach line Dresden - Freiberg (-  Nuremberg ) from 1832/33 to the new post office in Tharandt (now among other health center ) in the 1826-28 developed Dresden Freiberger road was made in 1855 the rail connection through the private Albertsbahn AG to Dresden, whose route was continued to Freiberg in 1862 and is now part of the Saxony-Franconia Magistrale .

The owner of the Schlossmühle, Friedrich Ernst Schmieder, used the water power of the Wilden Weißeritz and, since 1893, has been producing nine kilowatts of electricity with a voltage of 110 volts using two direct current dynamo machines from Siemens & Halske. Four overshot water wheels drove the dynamos at a speed of 1300 / min, for which a multiple gear and belt transmission was necessary. Since the Klingenberg dam did not yet exist, the hydropower that failed due to low water and icing had to be replaced. Schmieder, who was also a machine manufacturer, made do with an accumulator battery with 65 elements for 112 Ah and a petroleum motor, which often failed. The electricity was supplied to the connected houses in the neighborhood and the city of Tharandt for street lighting. The overhead lines consisted of bare copper wires and, at the instigation of the supervisory authorities, had to be wrapped with jute tape for insulation and coated several times with tar. Friedrich Ernst Schmieder's power grid was the second of its kind in Saxony, after the light and power system of the brothers Karl and Wilhelm Einhorn in Olbernhau, and the first to be available to the general population.

On July 12, 1912, the power bus line Tharandt - Kurort Hartha opened by the Saxon automobile pioneer Emil Nacke (1843–1933), which replaced a horse bus operated by Hartha haulier Hugo Opitz , which had been in service since at least 1903 . After changing sponsorship several times and temporarily extending it via Spechtshausen and Pohrsdorf to Fördergersdorf , it still exists today as line 345.

In the GDR era, the city was a center of the environmental protection movement in what would later become the Johannishöhe environmental education center .

During the flood of the century in 2002 , four houses in the Weißeritztal valley to the right of the castle were destroyed and the library of the forestry faculty was damaged.

Town twinning

Blaubeuren has been twinned with Tharandt since 1990 . A newly activated partnership had existed with Piennes in France since 1963 . In 2013, partnership agreements between the city of Tharandt and Cheb and Poděbrady in the Czech Republic were signed .

Memorials

A memorial stone from 1952 in the local cemetery commemorates seven predominantly French concentration camp prisoners on the death marches to Annaberg-Buchholz or to Theresienstadt from the Neustassfurt and Markkleeberg satellite camps of the Buchenwald concentration camp , who were killed during their stay in the Hartha (20–20) concentration camp . April 22, 1945) were murdered by SS men or died in Tharandt (April 23 to May 9, 1945). They were first buried in the cemetery in Fördergersdorf and in Tharandt City Park and later, together with fallen soldiers from the region, reburied in the current mass grave. In addition, since 1992, a board with a French text has been explaining what happened.

Culture and sights

  • Plan by Tharandt 1812

  • View from Tharandt Castle into the Schloitzbach valley to the market

  • Tharand or grenades and today's districts on a map from the 18th century

  • Ruin of the upper castle

  • Castle and post mile column

  • Castle pond with castle ruins and church, around 1900

education

There is a primary school in Tharandt and another in Kurort Hartha. A school building was built on the Schulberg in 1910 and has been operated as a Protestant grammar school since 2006.

In addition, the Technical University of Dresden maintains the forest sciences department in Tharandt (formerly: Tharandt Forest University ).

traffic

The nearest motorways are the federal motorways 4 (AS Wilsdruff , 10 km) and 17 (AS Dresden -Gorbitz, 9 km). The nearest airport is Dresden Airport (28 km). Tharandt is on the Dresden – Werdau railway line , and there are free connections from Tharandt train station to Freital and Dresden as well as Freiberg, Chemnitz, Zwickau and Hof.

Tharandt is in the traffic area of ​​the Verkehrsverbund Oberelbe (VVO) and belongs to the Freital tariff zone .

The following lines stop in Tharandt:

Personalities

Sons of the city

  • Wolf Friedrich Ottomar von Baudissin (1812–1887), royal Danish court officer, imperial German postal director and writer
  • Robert Bernhard (1862–1943), forest scientist
  • Hermann Krutzsch (born November 26, 1819 - † July 18, 1896), geologist, mineralogist
  • Emil Richard August von Oehlschlägel (* May 23, 1834; † May 16, 1895 in Oberlangenau ), MdL 1871-1894, conservative politician, chairman of the state cultural council; Son of the 1st Tharandt postmaster "Premier-Lieutenant and Adjutant" Carl August von Oehlschlägel (1796-1859), manor owner in Oberlangenau with a tomb at the Protestant grammar school in Tharandt
  • Karl Hermann Rudorf (born June 5, 1823 Tharandt; † July 19, 1880 in Dresden), forest scientist
  • Friedrich Maximilian Schober (born May 18, 1848 Tharandt; † June 4, 1914 in Schruns / Tyrol ), Member of the State Parliament, conservative politician
  • Carl Freiherr von Wagner (1843–1907), civil engineer in the USA and Mexico
  • Otto Wienhaus (* 1937), forest engineer and chemist, city councilor since 1990 and mayor in Tharandt from 2006-14

Personalities with a connection to the city

Heinrich Cotta 1833
  • Gregor Heimburg († August 1472 in Tharandt), humanist and statesman
  • Sidonia of Bohemia (born November 14, 1449 Poděbrady, † February 1, 1510 in Tharandt), Duchess of Saxony, wife of Duke Albrecht the Courageous (including the former Sidonia source or street and today's Sidonia pharmacy in Tharandt)
  • Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (born August 28, 1749 in Frankfurt am Main, † March 22, 1832 in Weimar), poet; visited Heinrich Cotta several times from 1813 and lived in the Stadtbad-Hotel (today: location of the new cafeteria and library Rossmaessler-Bau of the TU Dresden, specializing in forest sciences, memorial plaque)
  • Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (born November 10, 1759 in Marbach am Neckar , † May 9, 1805 in Weimar), poet; stayed at the Gasthof zum Hirsch from April 17th to May 21st 1787 (today: Schillereck with memorial plaque) and completed his Don Carlos . ( Schillerstraße in Tharandt and F.-v.-Schiller-Straße in the health resort Hartha)
  • Christian Friedrich Traugott Voigt (1770–1814), theologian, poet, non-fiction author and translator, worked from 1799 to 1813 as a pastor in Tharandt
  • Heinrich Cotta (1763-1844), forest scientist, lived in Tharandt since 1811 and was there director of the Royal Saxon Forest Academy.
  • Emil Adolf Roßäßler (born March 3, 1806 in Leipzig, † April 8, 1867 in Leipzig), professor at the Forest Academy from 1830 to 1849, popular science author
  • Friedrich August Karl Geyer (born March 12, 1853 in Großenhain; † January 22, 1937 in Tharandt), Saxon Finance Minister (USPD), Member of the State Parliament, editor
  • Willi Heidenreich († 1967 in Berlin), head of a resistance group in the Third Reich, forester in Tharandt
  • Max Friedrich Kunze (born February 10, 1838 in Wildenthal , † March 9, 1921 in Tharandt), mathematician, geodesist
  • Friedrich Christian Schlenkert (born February 8, 1757 in Dresden, † June 16, 1826 in Tharandt), writer and professor of the German language at the local forest academy
  • Samuel Joh. Von Dannenberg (born June 24, 1784 in Wiburg , † December 18, 1838 in Tharandt), Russ. Quays. General major at the general staff, knight of many high orders , tomb with German and Russian inscriptions, formerly in the city park and now in the cemetery
  • Hinrich Nitsche (born February 14, 1845 in Breslau ; † November 8, 1902 in Tharandt), since October 1, 1876 first professor of zoology at the Royal Saxon Forest Academy.
  • Emil Freiherr von Milkau (born October 22, 1847 - † May 29, 1916), sponsor of the spa in the city of Tharandt, a. a. Sanitarium Sanitas by Dr. Haupt (today: Town Hall) and Milkau-Villa ( Nobbe building of the TU Dresden, currently Saxon State Foundation for Nature and Environment); Family tomb in the cemetery
  • Arnold Edmund Streit (born May 10, 1867 Chemnitz ; † June 21, 1940 Dresden), lawyer, Privy Councilor (1917), 1909–1917 governor of the Dresden-Altstadt district administration , 1929–1932 president of the Saxon Higher Administrative Court in Dresden, author of the Saxon Municipal code from 1923, visited the boys' institute of the cantor and teacher Heyne (today: Heinrich-Cotta-Str. 11)
  • Hans-Joachim Perless (born February 9, 1925 in Chemnitz ; † May 5, 2001 in Marburg ), painter . Lived in Tharandt from 1925 to 1943

literature

  • anonymous: Tharand's surroundings. A sketch for nature lovers; together with a floor plan and prospectuses . Meissen 1801. ( digitized version )
  • Christian Friedrich Schlenkert: Tharand. A historical-romantic painting based on nature, documents and legends . Gerlach, Dresden 1804. ( digitized version )
  • Carl Lang: Description of the Plauen reason, the bathing resort Tharant and its surroundings . Beger, Dresden 1812 ( digitized version )
  • Bernhard von Cotta : Tharand and its surroundings . Arnold, Leipzig / Dresden 1834. ( digitized version )
  • Bernhard von Cotta: Geognostic description of the area of ​​Tharandt. Geognostic Walks Vol. 1, Dresden / Leipzig 1836 ( digitized version )
  • Louis Fritzsche: Tharand. A guide to its surroundings, an outline of its history and a description of its current state . Dresden 1866. ( digitized version )
  • Cornelius Gurlitt : Tharandt. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 24. Issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Dresden-Altstadt (Land) . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1904, p. 124.
  • Rudolf Mielsch: Tharandt and the Tharandter Forest , Geschichtliche Wanderfahrten Nr. 43, Ed. Artur Brabant, Verlag C. Heichrich, Dresden-A. 1935
  • Harald Thomasius u. a .: History of the forest town of Tharandt in pictures . Tharandt City Council and Cultural Association of the German Democratic Republic, Tharandt local group, Tharandt 1979
  • Béla Bélafi: "From the castle to the bathing town" History and stories of Tharandt 1st part (until 1800) , Tharandt historical booklets, published by the Tharandt beautification association, booklet 4, Tharandt 1998
  • Uwe Nösner: From the Jagdpfalz to the green university . Saxonia Publishing House. Dresden 2015. ISBN 3-944210-44-1
  • Wolfgang Heinitz: Tharandt. On paths through the past and the present . Tharandter marginalia, booklet 2. Castle and History Association, Tharandt 1996 and modified edition by Ulrich Frenzel, Schütze-Engler-Weber Verlag GbR, Dresden 2016, ISBN 978-3-936203-30-1 .
  • Michael Blümel: On the development of Tharandt in the early modern times , in: Historical and personal about Tharandt. Festschrift for Otto Wienhaus for his 80th birthday, ed. v. Norbert Demarczyk, Wilsdruff 2017, pp. 15–53

Web links

Commons : Tharandt  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019  ( help on this ).
  2. ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1999
  3. ↑ State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony, results of the 2019 municipal council election - Tharandt
  4. ^ Sächsische Zeitung Freital, April 22, 2013
  5. ↑ Norbert Demarczyk: To the history of the Tharandt city arms , in: Geschichtliches and personal about Tharandt. Festschrift for Otto Wienhaus for his 80th birthday, ed. v. Norbert Demarczyk, Wilsdruff 2017, pp. 55–60.
  6. ↑ to 1990: Digital historical place directory of Saxony, from 1923 Tharandt with Großopitz , from 2000: December 31st, city of Tharandt with all current districts
  7. ↑ CDS IA 3 No. 217
  8. ^ Sächsisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden, inventory 10052, office Grillenburg and inventory 13584, court office Tharandt
  9. ^ Karl Walms : Tharandt und seine Bad , newspaper for the elegant world , Berlin, Verlag Georg Voss, Leipzig, 4th year, no. 51, April 28, 1804
  10. ^ Peter Boenke: Gas and power supply in Freital. Freital 2003, p. 50 f.
  11. ^ Rolf Morgenstern: Chronicle of Olbernhau for the 750th anniversary. P. 189 f.
  12. ↑ Susanne Sodan: New shine for Sidonie's castle , Sächsische Zeitung, Freital, August 30, 2013, p. 8 and New shine for the castle of the king's daughter Sidonie , Free Press, Freiberg, August 30, 2013, p. 10
  13. ↑ Education. City of Tharandt, 2011, accessed June 4, 2011 .
  14. ^ Andreas W. Daum: Emil Adolf Roßmaessler as professor in Tharandt from 1830 to 1848: A critical contribution to biography and academy history, evaluating unpublished sources . In: Scientific journal of the Technical University of Dresden . tape 42 , 1993, pp. 59-66 .