Wilsdruff
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 51 ° 3 ' N , 13 ° 32' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Saxony | |
| County : | Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains | |
| Height : | 273 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 81.6 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 14,237 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 174 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postcodes : | 01723 (Grumbach, Helbigsdorf-Blankenstein, Kesselsdorf, Mohorn, Wilsdruff) , 01737 (Braunsdorf, Kleinopitz, Oberhermsdorf) |
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| Primaries : | 035204, 035209, 035203 and 0351 | |
| License plate : | PIR, DW, FTL, SEB | |
| Community key : | 14 6 28 410 | |
| LOCODE : | DE WUF | |
| NUTS : | DED2A | |
| City structure: | 14 districts | |
City administration address : |
Nossener Strasse 20 01723 Wilsdruff |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Ralf Rother ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the town of Wilsdruff in the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district | ||
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Wilsdruff is a small town on the Wilde Sau brook west of Dresden in the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district ( Saxony ). It is the urban center of a region called "Wilsdruffer Land", which roughly coincides with the former district court district of Wilsdruff. Wilsdruff is known for the medium wave transmitter radio tower Wilsdruff and the furniture carpentry, which was also operated industrially in the later 19th century and during the 20th century.
coat of arms
The city coat of arms, based on seal images, shows two red towers above a red brick wall in a silver field. The representation symbolizes the city status in a typical way. The seal images, which can be traced back to the early 17th century, show only two towers without a wall, which suggests an original lack of the city fortifications attested since the 16th century.
geography
geology
The Wilsdruffer Land is one of the geologically most interesting regions of Saxony, since in the triangle between Freital , Freiberg and Meißen all geological ages have left clearly traceable traces. The Wilsdruffer syenite is often depicted in encyclopedias , the porphyry fan uncovered by a quarry in the district of Mohorn-Grund in the Tharandt Forest (district Grillenburg of the city of Tharandt ) is a unique feature worldwide.
City structure
- Birch grove
- Blankenstein
- Braunsdorf (ZIP: 01737)
- Grumbach
-
reason
- Production of the " KNOX incense candles"
- Forest pool
- Designation as "Klein Tirol"
- Helbigsdorf
- Herzogswalde
- Kaufbach
-
Kesselsdorf
- Baroque church (designed under George Bähr )
- Battle of Kesselsdorf in the Second Silesian War
- Kleinopitz (ZIP: 01737)
- Limbach
- Mohorn
- Oberhermsdorf (ZIP: 01737)
- Wilsdruff
Which is located on parts of the corridors Limbach, birch grove, Wilsdruff and Grumbach Ortswüstung Hasela .
history
Place and city development
Wilsdruff was first mentioned in a document in 1259 ( Wilandestorf ). It was laid out as a forest hoof village with around 30 farms and a village church ( Jakobikirche ) at the crossroads of important roads . The remains of this forest hoof village can be seen next to the Jakobikirche and the rather heavily parceled forest hoof area, two to three former farm estates. Other formerly suburban house plots are likely to have their origin in the village's former farms. Probably in the early 13th century, an urban settlement with a planned character with a town church ( Nicolaikirche ) (remnants of a late Romanesque portal from the first building in the tower porch) was built in the village center due to its convenient location and early central function (church location, market town) . The merchants' settlement, which emerged in the 12th century , was assumed to be in the area due to the patronage of the city church. But this cannot be proven. In a document from 1281 Wilsdruff appeared for the first time with an urban settlement designation oppidum Wilandesdorf . In 1294 it was called civitas (city).
The name forms Wielandißdorff for 1620 and Wüllanstroff for 1640 can be proven.
From the High Middle Ages to the Reformation, Wilsdruff was the main town of an archpriesthood (sedes). In 1447, 1584, 1634, 1686 and 1744 there were devastating city fires, especially in the inner city.
Constitution and Administration
From the early 15th to the middle of the 19th century, representatives of the von Schönberg family were heirs, feudal lords and court lords of the city. In the second quarter of the 16th century there were disputes between landlords and citizens. Wilsdruff only became a mansion in the middle of the 16th century, which was expanded into a three-winged palace building by 1700; the oldest part of the building, the north wing, was demolished by 1820.
In 1423 a council with a mayor, jury and city judge was first mentioned. This advice was dependent on the landlord. In Wilsdruff there were only 3 urban quarters (2 inner-city, 2 suburban) as a result of urban expansion, each of which was headed by a quarter master who was in office for two years (attested since 1534). The personal separation of the office of town clerk and schoolmaster took place at the latest in the early 17th century. A 'town book' mentioned in 1779 (= court trading book from 1446 ff.) Is lost. In 1546 a town hall was built at the highest point of the market square (266 m above sea level - corner of Dresdner Straße), which was damaged and destroyed by several fires over time (most recently during the town fire on June 5, 1744). In 1755/56 the town hall was rebuilt according to plans by the Elector of Saxony Accis building director Samuel Locke , which was inaugurated in 1758.
economy and society
For Wilsdruff a typological classification as an 'arable town' is common, but this is problematic because of the comparatively strong craft, which was structured in a balanced way as a result of the primary focus on the town and the surrounding area. There was a developed brewing industry (around 60 building plots in the city center; oldest brewery [probably also the first town hall] until 1836 on Untermarkt). During the early modern period there was an increasing economic and social differentiation between the inner city and the four suburbs, which experienced a surge in growth during the later 16th and early 17th centuries.
City fortifications
In 1530 there was the earliest evidence of the Dresden Gate as an inhabited gatehouse, which, like three other city gates, was part of the city fortifications. The western section of the city fortifications in particular has been preserved in the form of wall remains. A fortification function of the city moat, which runs there and is used as a bypass and cable car, is disputed. In 1845, the Freiberg Gate, which had previously served as a prison and council house, was demolished for traffic reasons.
Silesian Wars
The Seven Years 'War causes a more lasting recession than the Thirty Years' War , so it came (among other things as a result of the nervous fever epidemic 1759/60) to numerous houses desolation in the last third of the 18th century. On November 24, 1762, an armistice agreement between Prussia and Austria was concluded in the Wilsdruffer town hall .
19th century
The somewhat rural town was hardly affected by the start-up boom that began in the 1870s. It was not until 1886 that the town was connected to the Saxon narrow-gauge railway network through the opening of the Potschappel-Wilsdruff line , which was extended to Nossen in 1899. Immediately afterwards a rapid development into an industrial city began. The Wilsdruffer furniture factories were established in the 1890s. The city developed into a center of kitchen and bedroom furniture production, but several tree nurseries could also be established. Intensive construction work began almost at the same time. In addition to private residential construction, the city relied on prestigious projects such as the renovation of the town hall, town hall and power station and promoted the construction of a new church. In 1893 the city received electric street lighting, in 1898 a public telephone connection with initially 13 participants.
20th century
In the first decade, the water pipeline was built until 1911. In 1909 the narrow-gauge railway Wilsdruff – Meißen-Triebischtal was opened. Wilsdruff experienced its heyday as a furniture city before the First World War . In 1906 furniture manufacturer Theodor Porsch patented the “kitchen table with pull-out washbasin”. In 1910 the new school building was inaugurated, a new town hall building that was also being considered failed due to the financial framework. In 1912, a four-class electoral system was introduced for city council elections in order to push back the rising workforce. In November 1918, the local workers' council forced the city councils to share power. After the First World War, extensive public building activity began, which led to the construction of a closed residential area ("Ministerial District"). Gradually, companies in the metal and vehicle industries, but also the food industry, settled here. The legendary air and swimming pool was opened in 1926. In 1936 the city was connected to the Reichsautobahn network.
During the Second World War , the ancestral index of the German people was housed in Wilsdruff Castle. The rifle house housed a camp for prisoners of war forced laborers; Pastor Paul Richter died in Dachau concentration camp in 1942 . In April 1945 the SS blew up the Wilsdruffer motorway bridge. On May 7, the city, which had been declared a fortress, was hit with heavy artillery fire by the Red Army , to which it was handed over on the same evening by the citizens of Wilsdruffer, Max Zschoke and Rudolf Kluss.
In 1951 the construction of the widely visible Wilsdruff radio tower as a medium wave transmitter began .
In 1952, Wilsdruff was incorporated into the newly formed Freital district as a result of the administrative reform. At the turn of 1989/90 the New Forum started to work and on November 2, 1989 the first free citizens' meeting took place. In 1990 the town twinning with Graben-Neudorf was decided. In the course of the district reform on August 1, 1994, Wilsdruff decided differently than the rest of the Freital district and switched to the Meißen district . On July 9, 1998, Wilsdruff moved to the Weißeritzkreis , which was opened up on August 1, 2008 in the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district.
21st century
As a result of the incorporations and a total of numerous immigrants, the city became the municipality with the largest population growth in Saxony. Ralf Rother (CDU) was elected Wilsdruff's new mayor in 2003. The former mayor of Wilsdruffer Arndt Steinbach (until 2002; CDU) became district administrator in the district of Meißen. On September 19, 2003 the inauguration of the renovated (old) town hall took place, the first building of which was built around 1546 on the northeast corner of the market after the house had been exchanged and had multifunctional significance (including a ballroom, department store, archive, prison [extension]). It has the first tower-glass carillon in the world.
Incorporations
Kaufbach was incorporated in 1973. Limbach followed in 1974. In 1996, Helbigsdorf-Blankenstein was added. Grumbach (1998) after a referendum, Mohorn (2000) and Kesselsdorf (2001) were the other former municipalities that were incorporated.
| Former parish | date | annotation |
|---|---|---|
| Birch grove | July 1, 1950 | Incorporation to Limbach |
| Blankenstein | 1st January 1974 | Incorporation to Helbigsdorf |
| Braunsdorf | March 1, 1994 | Incorporation to Kesselsdorf |
| Grumbach | July 9, 1998 | |
| Helbigsdorf | December 1, 1994 | Renaming to Helbigsdorf-Blankenstein |
| Helbigsdorf-Blankenstein | January 1, 1996 | |
| Herzogswalde | 1st January 1974 | Incorporation after Mohorn |
| Kaufbach | 1st January 1973 | |
| Kesselsdorf | August 1, 2001 | |
| Kleinopitz | 1st January 1973 | Incorporation to Braunsdorf |
| Limbach | 1st January 1974 | |
| Mohorn | August 1, 2000 | |
| Oberhermsdorf | 1st January 1973 | Incorporation to Braunsdorf |
Development of the population
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The respective territorial status applies. ¹ census result ; ² Figures as of December 31 ; ³ Correction according to the 2011 census |
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Memorials
A memorial plaque in the Kreuzkapelle in the main cemetery commemorates the evangelical clergyman and Hitlerite opponent Paul Richter , who lost his life in 1942 in the Dachau concentration camp .
In September 2015, two stumbling blocks were laid in Wilsdruff in memory of the victims of the National Socialist tyranny.
Religions
In addition to the Evangelical Lutheran parish of Wilsdruffer Land with the parishes (Wilsdruff / Limbach / Sachsdorf, Kesselsdorf and Grumbach), there is the Roman Catholic parish of Sankt Pius in Wilsdruff. X.
politics
City council
The city council of Wilsdruff has 22 councilors. According to the preliminary official final result of the last local election on May 26, 2019, the distribution of seats is as follows:
Town twinning
A town partnership has existed with Graben-Neudorf in Baden-Württemberg since 1990.
Attractions
- see also: List of cultural monuments in Wilsdruff
- City center with market square, town hall , Nikolaikirche , castle and Piuskirche
- Jakobikirche with adjoining cemetery of honor (since June 24, 2005: 30th ecumenical motorway church )
- one of the oldest church bells in Saxony with incised drawings (so-called Benno bell in the roof turret of the Jakobikirche ), two other bells that once made a ring with this bell, one of which was made in 1447, today in the church in the Limbach district
- Local history museum of the city of Wilsdruff (regional museum of the Wilsdruffer country ) with special exhibitions
- 4 functioning steam engines (including one stationary and one mobile ' locomobile ') in two companies on Fabrikstrasse 1 and 2
- Radio office and radio tower Wilsdruff (exhibition in the local history museum)
- first tower glass carillon in the world (in the tower of the town hall on the market)
- Reconstructed Saxon postal distance column with original coat of arms from 1730 in front of the town hall on the market
- Reconstructed, second largest narrow-gauge railway station in Europe ( Wilsdruffer Schmalspurbahnnetz ) as a club house with a narrow-gauge railway and fire department museum
Culture
Regular events
- Market day always on Thursdays in the market square
- Film Festival Wilsdruff (amateur films, since 1985) on the last Friday and Saturday in April
- Fire brigade festival on the first weekend in June
- annual village festivals in the districts in the summer months
- Dampftreff, since 2000
- Brass music festival, annually on the day of German unity
- Breed rabbit exhibition (since 1934), exotic bird exhibition (since 1972), breeding poultry exhibition (since 1935), pedigree dog exhibition
- conZoom (free photo exhibition, since 1994) on death / eternity Sunday
- Monthly photo meeting at the Kulturbahnhof Wilsdruff, every second Wednesday of the month
- Festival of Lights for the 1st Advent
- Advent concerts of the Protestant church choir (2nd Sunday in Advent) and the Catholic church choir (Saturday of the 3rd Advent)
Economy and Infrastructure
economy
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Due to the proximity to the Federal Motorway 4 and the economic suburbanization that began in 1990 from Dresden , Wilsdruff has developed into a comparatively strong business location in recent years. In 2004 the city had 366 employees per 1,000 inhabitants, while Saxony only had 318 employees per 1,000 inhabitants on average. The tax revenue power is also higher than average at € 427 per inhabitant (Saxony: € 369 per inhabitant). In contrast, the unemployment rate of 74 unemployed per 1,000 inhabitants is well below the national average of 92 unemployed per 1,000 inhabitants (data for 2004). The local mix of industries is broadly diversified. In addition to typical urban handicrafts and services, it includes various medium-sized companies in the construction, wholesale, logistics and manufacturing industries (including the manufacture of aircraft parts). The over 80 hectare industrial park in Kesselsdorf is one of the largest in Saxony. One of the main pillars of the business location Wilsdruff is the Preiss-Daimler (PD) group of companies, which has its headquarters in the Grumbach district . The PD Group is the largest independent corporate group in Saxony. The group of companies includes 20 globally operating companies that are mainly active in the production of glass products, glass silk and fibers, refractory materials and steel structures. In 2003, the companies generated sales of 457 million euros and now have around 6,500 employees.
traffic
Federal motorway 4 exit Wilsdruff, Federal motorway 17 exit Dresden-Gorbitz (in the district of Kesselsdorf), Wilsdruffer motorway service station in both directions (renamed "Dresdner Tor" since 1997), B 173
neighboring town of the state capital Dresden and the large district town of Freital , 16 km to Meißen , 21 km to Freiberg, 15 minutes to Dresden-Klotzsche Airport, 16 km (25 minutes) to Dresden city center.
From 1886 to 1972 Wilsdruff owned a train station , which was the operational center of the so-called Wilsdruffer narrow-gauge network . The historic railway lines, u. a. between Freital and Kesselsdorf as well as Wilsdruff and Mohorn, are used today as regional cycling and hiking trails.
Established businesses
The discounter company Aldi- Nord has one of its regional branches in Wilsdruff, plus a large central warehouse.
The company Eberspächer operates a factory for the production of Euro VI exhaust systems for commercial vehicles in Wilsdruff since 2011th
education
- Primary school Wilsdruff (new building completed in summer 2002)
- Primary school Oberhermsdorf
- Mohorn primary school
- Protestant elementary school Grumbach
- Wilsdruff high school
- Wilsdruff high school
Sports facilities
- Saubachtalhalle (3-field sports hall; since October 2001)
- Park stadium with tartan track, large and small field, pole vault, floodlights, etc. (since autumn 2000)
- two senior gyms
- several new sports facilities in the districts
- Sports club Kesselsdorf (built in 2003)
Personalities
see also: Grumbacher personalities , Kesselsdorf personalities
sons and daughters of the town
- Georg August von Breitenbauch (1731–1817), councilor in Weimar, poet, writer, agricultural economist and scholar
- Eduard Herrmann Volkmar Ficker (1801–1861), theologian
- Karl Heinrich Schier (1802–1869), Arabist
- Gottlieb Robert Knöfel (1834–1884), shoemaker, founder of the Dresden workers' education association and from 1862 to 1866 city councilor in Dresden
- Carl Heinrich Boerner (1844–1921), President of the Dresden Higher Regional Court, contributed to the creation of the BGB
- Friedrich Anton Reiche (1845–1913), entrepreneur, manufacturer of sheet metal molds and tin toys and the founder of the chocolate mold and sheet metal packaging factory in Dresden
- Paul Kirsten (1853–1942), writer
- Hans Lorenz (1865–1940), engineering scientist
- Richard Fuchs (1873–1938), member of the Reichstag and Landtag in Alsace-Lorraine (SPD)
- Max Zschoke (1873–1952), city councilor (SPD) and bookseller, saved the city from threatened destruction on May 7, 1945 at the risk of his life
- Otto Joschko (1901–1971), politician (SPD) and member of the state parliament in North Rhine-Westphalia
- Felix Funk (1905–1976), German painter and draftsman in the style of Dresden New Objectivity
- Ilse Lichtenstein-Rother (1917–1991), elementary school pedagogue, who was particularly committed to introductory lessons and subject teaching
- Siegfried Buback (1920–1977), lawyer, attorney general , died in a terrorist attack by the RAF
- Werner Neubert (* 1929), journalist and university professor
- Peter Petzold (* 1949), weightlifter
- Christine Scheiblich (* 1954), rower, Olympic champion 1976 and four-time world champion in single
- DJ Happy Vibes (* 1966), radio and TV entertainer under the real name Andreas Hofmann, 2012 European Music Prize Soundaward for his work German History
People connected to the city
- Georg Andrä (1851–1923), manor owner in Braunsdorf, functionary and politician, MdL (Kingdom of Saxony)
- Paul Richter (1894-1942), in 1928 a Protestant pastor in Wilsdruff, opponents of Nazism , in the Dachau concentration camp died
- Hermann Scheipers (1913–2016), Catholic pastor in Wilsdruff from 1950 to 1962, survivor of the Dachau concentration camp
- Erika Krause (1924–2017), moderator, quiz master and author, 1943 to 1945 kindergarten teacher in Wilsdruff
- Michael Sellin (* 1952), musician and lyricist ("Eh love dies"), spent most of his childhood in Wilsdruff
- Helmar Federowski (* 1946), musician and brother of the singer Ina-Maria Federowski , who as a sound engineer supervised numerous record productions for the GDR state label Amiga, lives in the village and supervises the local Wilandes choir
- Arndt Steinbach (* 1968), local politician (CDU), district administrator of the district of Meißen, long-time mayor of Wilsdruff
Honorary citizen
- 1852 Johann Gottlieb Obenaus - girls school teacher and Kirchner
- 1895 Otto von Bismarck - Prussian Prime Minister and German Chancellor
- 1895 Heinrich Leberecht Funke - city councilor, savings bank controller and justice of the peace
- 1909 Friedrich Anton Reiche - sheet metal goods manufacturer in Dresden-Plauen
- 1911 Gottfried Dinndorf - city councilor, master wheelwright
- 1912 Theodor Goerne - city councilor, grocer
- 1927 Louis Wehner - city councilor, white wool, manufacture, colonial and fish merchant
- 1933 Paul von Hindenburg (officially revoked in 1990)
- 1933 Adolf Hitler (officially revoked in 1990)
- 2007 Rolf Görner (1924–2009), psychologist, university professor, honorary museum director, recipient of the Federal Cross of Merit (2007)
- 2013 Hermann Scheipers , prelate, cath. Pastor from 1952 to 1960, survivor of Dachau concentration camp
literature
- Michael Blümel: History of the City of Wilsdruff. Volume I: From the Beginnings to the Reforms of the 19th Century . Wilsdruff 2010, ISBN 978-3-00-033040-7 .
- Mario Lettau: History of the City of Wilsdruff. Volume II: From the mid-19th century to the early 1950s . Wilsdruff 2014, ISBN 978-3-00-045901-6 .
- Local group Wilsdruff of the Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz e. V., Wilsdruff (Ed.): Wilsdruffer home calendar 2009. City anniversary 750 years of Wilsdruff. 2008.
- Georg Ficker: Church Chronicle of Wilsdruff. Wilsdruff 1898.
- Rolf Görner: Wilsdruff. Pictures from his story. Horb 2003, ISBN 3-89570-838-0 .
- Artur Kühne, Alfred Ranft: Stories and history in and around Wilsdruff. A home book for the Wilsdruffer Land. Reprint of the edition from 1930/31. Wilsdruff 1994, ISBN 3-929705-01-X .
- City of Wilsdruff (Ed.): Information brochure of the city of Wilsdruff with its districts. Wilsdruff 2006.
- Cornelius Gurlitt : Wilsdruff. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 41. Issue: Administrative Authority Meißen-Land . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1923, p. 539.
Web links
- wilsdruff.de
- Wilsdruff in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019 ( help on this ).
- ↑ Hasela in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ a b Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states. Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1996
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1998
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2000
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 2001
- ↑ statistik.sachsen.de
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