Quarter champion

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Quarter masters or quarter masters , also street masters or foursome, were helpers to the executive and judiciary from 1303 to 1837 and were the earliest form of democracy in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation .

Office and duties

Quarter masters or quarter masters (whose office buildings are called quarter houses ) were mostly respected, elected personalities who had local knowledge of the area and citizens in order to take on the following tasks in urban or rural areas:

  • Representing the rights of citizens in the district and hearing before council decisions
  • Supervision of the community property
  • Supporting national authorities and the police in exercising their monopoly on violence
  • Creation of population lists
  • Support for elections
  • Exercise of police duties
  • Obligation to control and report the activities of disease and quarantine officers
  • Court scoops
  • Commander of the popular assembly
  • Organization of guards on the city wall
  • Defense of the city walls
  • Management of the fire fighting team
  • Storage of fire extinguishers
  • Quartermaster's office
  • Obligation to supervise shift supervisors in Saxon silver mining

Position of the quarter masters within the local system of rule

The quarter masters faced the interests of the council representatives as representatives of the citizenry. The city councils often saw the appointment of quarter masters as an impairment of their autocratic position and defended themselves against the elections. Despite the elected representation of interests, the quarter masters were understood by the population as part of the ruling system and the target of attacks by the population or by the state. The electoral office was held for a certain period of time, usually one to three years. Often the office was held by local craftsmen and quarter masters were often guild masters. The choice and function of district masters was not limited to the cities, but was also used in rural areas, for example in Schrebitz . After the revolutionary unrest of 1848 and 1849 , the office of quarter master was changed to that of district master.

See also

literature

  • Karlheinz Blaschke: Village community and township in Saxony between 1300 and 1800. Wissenschaftsverlag Oldenbourg, 1991

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Friedrich Gerhardt: History of the city of Weißenfels a. S. with new articles on the history of the Duchy of Saxony-Weißenfels. Verlag R. Schirdewahn, Weißenfels 1907, pp. 141, 226, 304; archive.org
  2. ↑ Thomas Kern: History of the city of Kaub from 1350–1600 . webdesign-kaub.de ( Memento of the original from November 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 1, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.webdesign-kaub.de
  3. ^ A b c Ernst Pitz: Writing and filing of the city administration in the late Middle Ages Volume 45 of communications from the city archive of Cologne, city archive Cologne, Verlag P. Neubner, Cologne 1959, pp. 227, 228, 299, accessed online on 1. March 2010.
  4. ↑ online ( Memento of the original from November 13, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Hohenstein Ernstthal community: Our town hall. Website of the city of Hohenstein - Ernstthal, accessed on February 1, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.hohenstein-ernstthal.de
  5. ^ Wolfgang Schneider: Folk culture and everyday life. In: Ulrich Wagner (Hrsg.): History of the city of Würzburg. 4 volumes, volumes I-III / 2. Theiss, Stuttgart 2001–2007, Volume 1 (2001): From the beginnings to the outbreak of the Peasants' War. ISBN 3-8062-1465-4 , pp. 491-514 and 661-665, here: pp. 501 and 663.
  6. ↑ "for which sufficiently qualified subjects are to be selected". online ( Memento of the original from May 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. History of the city of Pirna. How feudal relations were lifted in Pirna. Retrieved February 1, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.geschichte-pirna.de
  7. ↑ a b Helmut Bräuer Against the Council. Volume 1 of the Zwickau work and research reports, Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig, 1999, ISBN 3-933240-60-3 , p. 57, books.google.de
  8. ^ JG Krünitz: Oekonomische Encyklopädie , 1773-1858; uni-trier.de accessed on February 1, 2010.
  9. ↑ online Pierer’s Universal Lexicon. Volume 18, Altenburg, 1864, p. 579, accessed on February 1, 2010.
  10. ↑ online The Adelung. Grammatical-critical dictionary of the High German dialect. Volume 4, Leipzig, 1801, p. 1211, accessed on February 1, 2010.
  11. ↑ Christian Bergen (ed.): Deß Raths zu Dreßden order. As in the case of dangerous epidemics and other contagious diseases, the residents and citizens of the local Churfl. Residenz-Stadt samples the servants who are designed for this to behave in one case and the other . Bergen, Dreßden 1680, accessed online February 1, 2010.
  12. ↑ a b The Council of Belgians . Belgern, stadtbelgern.de City of Belgern ; Retrieved February 1, 2010.
  13. ↑ R. Fürnkranz: Weinviertel. Questions about the history of the Weinviertel, the village communities, viticulture, the cellar lanes. online ( Memento of the original from September 18, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved March 1, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.weinviertel.at
  14. ↑ Helmut Flachenecker: A spiritual city. Eichstätt from the 13th to the 16th century. F. Pustet, 1988, ISBN 3-7917-1176-8 , p. 226, books.google.de
  15. ↑ Genealogical terms. Ahnenforschung Unger, 2005, ahnenforschung-unger.de accessed on March 1, 2010.
  16. ^ Wilhelm Heinrich Riehl, Wilhelm Maurenbrecher: Historisches Taschenbuch. FA Brockhaus, Leipzig, 1854, page 159, books.google.de
  17. ^ Adolf Laube: Studies on the Erzgebirge silver mining from 1470 to 1546. Volume 22: From research to medieval history. G. Heitz (ed.). Leipzig 1974, books.google.de
  18. ↑ Council relatives (are) the citizens, or at least their representatives, their quarter masters, council relatives or guild masters council relatives . In: Heidelberg Academy of Sciences (Hrsg.): German legal dictionary . tape 11 , issue 1/2 (edited by Heino Speer and others). Hermann Böhlaus successor, Weimar 2003, ISBN 3-7400-0991-8 ( adw.uni-heidelberg.de ).
  19. ^ "Occasionally the congregation's resistance arose. The quarter masters were the spokesmen for this resistance ”. Klaus Gerteis : The German City in the Early Modern Age . Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, pp. 65–84, 176–182, ahg-ahaus.de ( memento of January 24, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on March 1, 2010.
  20. ^ Peter Blickle: Landgemeinde and Stadtgemeinde in Central Europe: a structural comparison R. Oldenbourg Verlag, Munich 1991, ISBN 3-486-55886-2 , p. 138, books.google.de
  21. ^ Small-state revolution in Saxony 1830–31. Popular movement and authorities . Friedrich Ebert Foundation , Bonn 2001; fes.de accessed on February 1, 2010.
  22. ↑ Shortly before that, the city's quarter masters had been locked up because they had refused to prepare the soul register for a new fee, the midwife's penny, because of the current wave of price increases. Klassik-stiftung.de (PDF)  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Weimar topography. A residence in transition. Retrieved February 1, 2010.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.klassik-stiftung.de  
  23. ↑ vwg-kemberg.de ( Memento of the original from March 5, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. City of Kemberg: A journey through time. Website of the city of Kemberg, accessed on February 1, 2010. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.vwg-kemberg.de
  24. ^ Rudolf Schlögl: Interaction and rule. Konstanz, 2004, online  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved February 1, 2010.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.gleich-lesen.de  
  25. ^ Waldemar Wucher: Reuss younger line in the movement of the years 1848-49 . Dissertation, University of Jena, 1926, p. 52.