Liebstadt

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Liebstadt
Liebstadt
Map of Germany, position of the city of Liebstadt highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 52 '  N , 13 ° 51'  E

Basic data
State : Saxony
County : Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains
Management Community : Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel
Height : 350 m above sea level NHN
Area : 37.36 km 2
Residents: 1270 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 34 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 01825
Area code : 035025
License plate : PIR, DW, FTL, SEB
Community key : 14 6 28 230
LOCODE : DE LS5
City structure: 8 districts
Association administration address: Königsstrasse 5
01816 Bad Gottleuba
Website : www.stadt-liebstadt.de
Mayor : Hans-Peter Retzler ( The Left )
Location of the town of Liebstadt in the Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains district
Altenberg (Erzgebirge) Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel Bad Schandau Bahretal Bannewitz Dippoldiswalde Dohma Dohna Dorfhain Dürrröhrsdorf-Dittersbach Freital Glashütte Gohrisch Hartmannsdorf-Reichenau Heidenau Hermsdorf Klingenberg Hohnstein Sebnitz Königstein (Sächsische Schweiz) Kreischa Liebstadt Lohmen Müglitztal Neustadt in Sachsen Pirna Klingenberg Rabenau Rathen Rathmannsdorf Reinhardtsdorf-Schöna Rosenthal-Bielatal Dippoldiswalde Sebnitz Sebnitz Stadt Wehlen Struppen Stolpen Tharandt Wilsdruff Sachsen Tschechien Landkreis Bautzen Dresden Landkreis Meißen Landkreis Mittelsachsenmap
About this picture

Liebstadt is a country town in the district of Saxon Switzerland-Eastern Ore Mountains in the transition area between the Eastern Ore Mountains and the Elbe Valley Slate Mountains . With around 1400 inhabitants it is the smallest city in Saxony and also has the lowest population density of all Saxon cities.

geography

View of the city from Kuckuckstein Castle
View from the market to the castle

Geographical location

The municipality of Liebstadt is located about 15 km southwest of Pirna . It mainly includes the ridge between the Müglitz and the Seidewitz . The city of Liebstadt itself is located in a narrow basin at the confluence of the Seidewitz and the Döbraer Bach at about 333 m above sea level. NN (formerly the “Zum schwarzen Kleeblatt” inn on the market). The rural districts are all higher up and reach up to 583 m above sea level. NN (near Waltersdorf). The lowest point is at 208 m above sea level. NN in the Müglitztal near Mühlbach . Some prominent elevations in the urban area are the Napoleonschanze at Herbergen (428 m above sea level), the Käferberg (414 m above sea level), the Galgenberg (427 m above sea level), the goat back (453–499 m above sea level) and some nameless elevations in the south (up to 595 m above sea level).

geology

The underground rocks in the Liebstadt area can be assigned to the Freiberg gray gneiss . This rock was formed during the uplift of the Ore Mountains when older sediments were transformed under high pressure. North of Liebstadt is the Elbe Valley Slate Mountains (Central Saxon Thrust), a narrow but geologically diverse transition area to the Elbe Valley expansion in a very small area. Resistant granites and porphyries form narrow ridges with hardened peaks.

Natural space

In terms of nature, the area around Liebstadt belongs to the lower Eastern Ore Mountains. The surface appearance is characterized by the wide gneiss plateaus with little relief energy and rising towards the south. They are cut by rivers and streams that consistently follow the slope of the Eastern Ore Mountains and, in some cases, severely cut the plateaus. For example, the Seidewitz between Liebstadt and Pirna cut in individual sections as a breakthrough valley over 70 m deep into the underground rocks of the Elbe Valley Slate Mountains, exposing individual rock cliffs. In the area around Liebstadt the annual mean temperatures are between 7 and 8 ° C and an average of 750–800 mm of precipitation is achieved per year. About 10% of the precipitation can fall as snow. The growing season is on average over 200 days long. Brown soils and brown Augleye are dominant for soil formation. The comparatively favorable natural conditions encouraged the settlement of the area up to the ridges of the Eastern Ore Mountains at an early stage. As a result, agricultural and mining uses led to extensive deforestation in the region between the Elbe Valley, Liebstadt and the Osterzgebirgskamm. Floods favored by this have repeatedly caused severe damage in the past, most recently in 1927 and 2002 in particular . That is why the Seidewitz has been dammed by a retention basin south of Liebstadt since 1967 for flood protection .

Local division

Liebstadt is one of the smallest cities in Saxony and consists of eight districts (from south to north):

history

Liebstadt, Berthelsdorf, Herbergen and Seitenhain on the Oberreitschen map from 1821
View of Liebstadt and Kuckuckstein Castle (around 1840)

The history of the city is inextricably linked with that of Kuckuckstein Castle . Already under Henry I , the castle was probably interlocutory 930 and 940 built. It controls the trade routes from Pirna via the Seidewitztal to Börnersdorf and then further on the Alte Dresden Teplitzer Poststrasse to Breitenau and Fürstenwalde over the ridge of the Eastern Ore Mountains to Kulm in Bohemia . This route is less strenuous than the route through the Müglitz Valley from Dohna via Bärenstein, Lauenstein and Voitsdorf to Graupen and like the route to the east across the Geiersberg and only a little longer than the route across the Nollendorf-Kulmer Pass ( Neue Dresden Teplitzer Poststrasse from Pirna via Gottleuba and Oelsen to Aussig or Teplitz ).

The development of the city is very closely linked to the Burgraves of Dohna . They were a noble family who were enfeoffed by Emperor Friedrich I with the imperial burgraviate Donin (today Dohna near Pirna). The first verifiable owner of Liebstadt was Otto von Dohna , who gave Liebstadt to the diocese of Meißen on October 19, 1286 . This document only mentions the town ( civitas Libenstat ), not the castle.

Like all other villages in the region, most of today's village districts emerged as Waldhufendörfer in the 13th century .

Liebstadt is only mentioned again in 1410 after the Donins were defeated by the Meissen Margrave Wilhelm I in the Dohna feud in 1402 and had thus lost all their possessions. The margrave enfeoffed the brothers Günther and Heinrich von Bünau for their loyalty to him and their military services, among other things with Liebstadt. The Bünaus will direct the fortunes of the city and the surrounding area until 1691. In 1492 Liebstadt was given town and market rights again. The castle and with it the town changed hands several times after the Bünaus, until the castle was bought by Hans Carl August von Carlowitz in 1774 and remained in the possession of the von Carlowitz family until 1931 .

In addition, Liebstadt and the surrounding villages were hit hard by devastation, hardship, misery and disease from the armed conflicts with the Hussites , in the Thirty Years ' and Seven Years' War and in the Napoleonic War .

Today's urban area was created with the Saxon municipal reform of 1994.

In 2000, the cities of Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel , Liebstadt and the municipality of Bahretal merged to form an administrative community with Bad Gottleuba-Berggießhübel as a fulfilling municipality.

Coat of arms and name

City arms

The city coat of arms shows a green linden tree with seven silver lilies in red . It is mentioned for the first time in the early 16th century and is based on the lilies in the coat of arms of the former castle owners of von Bünaus . When Hans Carl August von Carlowitz took over the castle and town in 1774, he added an aristocratic crown and a laurel wreath to the coat of arms.

The name Liebstadt can be interpreted as a synonym for a lovely place (dwelling) and probably refers to the protected valley location. The spellings include: a. Libenstat (1286), Libinstat (1338), Lybinstad (1423), Libstat (1435), Liebestadt (1492) and Leybenstath (1495).

Incorporations

Development of the population

The following table shows the population development of the entire city taking into account the incorporations. Figures on the population development of the districts are contained in the district articles.

year Residents Houses Remarks
1300 150 (1)    
1500 250    
1530 500 71  
1550 387 (2)    
1688 350 52 Population decline due to city fires, plague

and devastation

1779 600 94 Houses = residential houses
1801 435 79 Houses without public buildings
1815 559 90  
1834 734 87 according to SCHIFFNER (1840) 100 houses
1885 901 125  
1900 733 126  
1919 635    
1941 816 151  
1948 1,100    
1970 805    
1973 1110   Incorporation of Berthelsdorf, hostels and Seitenhain
1990 1616 (3)   including 879 in Liebstadt itself
1994 1562   Incorporation of Döbra, Großröhrsdorf and

Walthersdorf

1998 1492 402 Houses = residential buildings, 714 apartments
2004 1394 420 Houses = residential buildings, 737 apartments
2005 1375    
2007 1348    
2008 1357    
2009 1351    
2010 1331    
2012 1376    
2013 1362    

Compilation according to BLASCHKE 2003; Friends and supporters of Schloß Kuckuckstein e. V. 2002; MEICHE 1927 and information from the State Statistical Office of Saxony, from 1991: status as of December 31 of the respective year

(1) : estimated based on traditional house numbers from the 16th century, cf. BLASCHKE 2003
(2) : calculated according to tax lists, cf. BLASCHKE 2003
(3) : Status: October 3, 1990

Memorials

  • Grave site in the cemetery of the Döbra district for a Wehrmacht soldier named Braasch, who was murdered by SS men near Berthelsdorf on May 8, 1945 and later buried in Döbra

politics

City council election 2019
Turnout: 69.7% (2014: 66.5%)
 %
60
50
40
30th
20th
10
0
55.2%
44.8%
n. k.
WV
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
 16
 14th
 12
 10
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
-10
-12
+ 14.3  % p
-2.5  % p
-11.8  % p
WV

Since the municipal council election on May 26, 2019 , the 9 seats of the city council have been distributed among the individual groups as follows:

  • CDU : 5 seats
  • Free Electoral Association Liebstadt (FW): 4 seats

Culture, sport and education

Attractions

  • Liebstadt: Kuckuckstein Castle

  • Liebstadt: ev.-luth. church

  • Döbra: ev.-luth. church

  • Schneckenmühle, first mentioned in a document in 1555

Liebstadt

  • Kuckuckstein Castle with Masonic lodge , local museum and knight's hall
  • Ev.-Luth. Liebstadt Church: The late Gothic flat-roofed hall church dates from the 15th century. In its interior is u. a. a sandstone Renaissance pulpit (1577), a valuable three-part altar (1673) with panels by a Dutch master and a late Gothic star vault.
  • Tower windmill : On the road to Döbra are the ruins of one of the last windmills in the Eastern Ore Mountains. It was in operation until 1870.
  • Royal Saxon milestone (station stone) from the Pirna - Liebstadt postal route from 1859–65 on the Schlossberg in Liebstadt
  • War memorial: erected at the end of the 19th century in place of the Kursächsische Postdistanzsäule on the market in Liebstadt (stored in the Herbergen district)
  • Replica of the Saxon postal mileage pillar from 1732 on the market. It was inaugurated on June 16, 2019.

Dobra

  • Church: Individual elements (including late Gothic frescoes from the 15th century) of the first church mentioned in 1346 are still preserved. After its destruction, it was rebuilt in 1507. The colorful interior dates from the 17th and 18th centuries. The painted wooden ceiling and the pewter baptismal font (1618) are worth seeing.

Screw mill

  • Screw mill: Watermill first mentioned in a document in 1555. Used as an excursion restaurant and guesthouse since the 19th century. Since the 1960s, a holiday camp has been built around the listed snail mill, which meanders along the valley on both sides of the Seidewitz. Also noteworthy is an old wooden barn, which is also a listed building, as it was built without any metal connections and was secured and restored in 2013 by traveling journeyman. The Schneckenmühle children's holiday camp has been run by Kinderdorf Schneckenmühle e. V., which organizes voluntary holiday camp stays and accommodates groups outside of the holidays.

Cultural highlights and leisure activities

  • City Festival (first weekend in June)
  • Event series of the ev.-luth. Liebstadt Church (readings, lectures, etc.)
  • Events of the Liebstädter clubs (male choir, volunteer fire brigade , Liebstädter Kuckucks-Guggen)

Sports

  • Liebstädter Sportverein e. V.
  • SG Großröhrsdorf e. V.

school

Liebstadt has a primary school .

Economy and Transport

Development of the economy

The industrialization that began in the 19th century hardly affected Liebstadt's economic situation. The region remained on the edge of the industrial sites developing in the Elbe Valley and the neighboring valleys, as the new railway lines leading from the Elbe Valley to the Eastern Ore Mountains bypassed the city and a road connection through the Seidewitztal was only realized relatively late (1871/72).

Liebstadt: old commercial inscriptions from the GDR era

At the end of the 1980s, the following companies shaped the economic structure:

  • VEB Pentacon in the Carl-Zeiss-Jena combine , Object 17 Liebstadt: Manufacture of camera parts, around 50 employees
  • IFA -Kfz-Zubehörwerk Dresden, operating part 4 Liebstadt: Production of centrifugal governors, about 45 employees
  • VEB Solidus Dresden, production area mechanics Liebstadt: Manufacture of mechanical individual parts for technical devices, around 30 employees
  • Melioration cooperative Pirna, headquarters in Liebstadt: Implementation of measures to increase the value of the land in the region around Pirna, around 30 employees

The most important employer in the immediate vicinity, however, was the LPG Osterzgebirge in Börnersdorf , which worked around 3000 hectares of agricultural land and farmed cattle with around 330 employees.

Today's economic and corporate structure is dominated by small and very small businesses, which, often run as family businesses, represent the branches of typical small-town handicrafts and services. In Liebstadt and its districts are u. a. The following branches of industry are located: butcher, gastronomy, hairdresser, locksmith, electrician, haulage company, car trade, food, drugstore, carpentry, bicycle trade, kitchen studio.

However, due to a lack of demand in Liebstadt and its districts, there has been a noticeable thinning of the infrastructure facilities since the 1970s and increasingly since 1990 . This concerns, for example, the discontinuation of bus connections to peripheral locations and on weekends and the closure of service and retail facilities due to lack of demand and a lack of business successors. In Liebstadt itself, in contrast to 1970, the following commercial and service branches are no longer available today (selection): bakers, clothing stores, cafes, radio and television shops, shoe shops, gas stations, watchmakers. Two of the 3 kindergartens still in existence in 1990 had to close. Due to the demographic development, a further thinning of the infrastructures of existence must be expected in the coming years.

In addition to the above-mentioned branches of industry, agriculture is also important. Agricultural cooperatives and independent farmers are still cultivating land or breeding cattle in all parts of the village.

Liebstadt: Hutzel Seidewitztal GmbH

In addition to these branches, however, only three noteworthy medium-sized companies have their headquarters in Liebstadt. The Hutzel Seidewitztal GmbH represents in the association of the Hutzel Group the center Germany-East for ready-to-assemble precision turned parts that are made from all machinable materials (including titanium , tantalum , zirconium ). Customers can be found primarily in the automotive industry, medical technology, mechanical engineering and defense technology. The company's customers also include DaimlerChrysler AG and Bosch AG, as well as Ecoform Umformtechnik GmbH. With around 90 (2006) employees, Hutzel Seidewitztal GmbH is the most important economic factor in Liebstadt and an important part of the network of precision engineering companies in the Eastern Ore Mountains . This network also includes the Präzimat Feinmechanik GmbH located in the Döbra district with its 18 employees. The company, which was founded in 1950, mainly produced turned parts for household appliances until 1990. Today the focus of the production spectrum is in the area of ​​supplying components for gas appliance manufacturers and producers of fittings, measurement and control technology. The third company to be mentioned is Tief- und Straßenbau Seidwitztal GmbH in Liebstadt, a construction company with around 50 employees (insolvent since December 2005).

Established businesses

  • Hutzel Seidewitztal GmbH (Liebstadt): Manufacture of ready-to-assemble precision turned parts (around 90 employees)
  • Precision Feinmechanik GmbH (in the OT Döbra): Manufacture of precision mechanical components (18 employees)

traffic

Liebstadt: so-called torture pillar on the old pilgrimage route to northern Bohemia

Since prehistoric times there have been isolated paths coming from the Elbe Valley via Dohna to Kulm and further into the Bohemian countryside. These paths preferred the Eastern Ore Mountains when crossing the mountain ridge between Saxony and Bohemia , as the altitude here was the lowest and the originally dense forest belt of the border forest was the narrowest. The path bundles of the Kulmer Steige also used the ridges to the west and east of Liebstadt. For example, there is evidence of the existence of a medieval pilgrimage route, which up to the 16th century led from the Elbe Valley via Dohna, Burkhardswalde , Seitenhain, Berthelsdorf, Lauenstein and Krupka to the Mariaschein monastery near Graupen (Krupka) in Bohemia. Another route ran from Dohna via Nentmannsdorf , Herbergen, Göppersdorf and Breitenau to Bohemia. From the 18th century onwards, this path became important as the Alte Dresden-Teplitzer Poststraße .

In addition to these north-south connections, the Liebstädter area was also affected by an east-west connection known as the Alte Eisenstrasse. This medieval path, running north of the city, connected the iron ore mines around Berggießhübel and Bad Gottleuba with the hammer mills and smelters in the valleys of Müglitz and Weißeritz until their decline after the Thirty Years War . By the 19th century, however, all these routes had lost their importance due to economic changes, so that Liebstadt found itself in a remote and traffic-poor location. The city therefore tried harder in the second half of the 19th century to establish a railway connection. Plans that provided for a route through the Seidwitztal via Liebstadt to Bohemia or a connection to the Müglitztalbahn or the Freiberg – Moldava – Most route were not implemented due to lack of profitability and the outbreak of the First World War . The road network was expanded for this purpose. French prisoners of war built the Seidwitztalstrasse to Pirna in 1871. This was followed by connections to Döbra (1871/72), Schlottwitz (1881), Börnersdorf (1903) and Göppersdorf (1906).

Due to the lack of a railway connection, Liebstadt was connected to Pirna by a bus line as early as 1920 and therefore at a comparatively early stage. In summary, however, it can be stated that Liebstadt was almost unable to exploit its economic potential in the 19th century due to unfavorable or lacking transport connections and fell considerably behind the development of neighboring cities such as Glashütte or Berggießhübel. The streets built over 100 years ago still form the basic structure of the transport network today. Among them, Seidewitztalstrasse (Staatsstrasse 176) is of particular importance as a connection to the central Pirna and the Dresden metropolitan area . Regional bus transport is carried out by Regionalverkehr Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge GmbH (formerly OVPS ), which has noticeably thinned out connections to the Liebstädter area in recent years due to a lack of demand. Since 2006 the federal motorway 17 has been running past Dresden - Prague over the ridge east of Liebstadt near Herbergen . However, the city itself did not have its own connection. The next junction, Bahretal and Bad Gottleuba, are 5 km northeast of Friedrichswalde and 4 km southeast of Börnersdorf.

Personalities

  • Georg Marggraf (born September 20, 1610 in Liebstadt (according to other sources Döbra), † January 1644 S. Paulo de Loanda ( Angola )), geographer, astronomer, personal physician, doctor of medicine and natural sciences, most important German researcher in Brazil of the 17th century
  • Heinrich Eichler the Elder (* 1637 in Liebstadt, † 1739), an important "Silberkistler" in Augsburg, made sumptuous cabinets in miniature form
  • Christian Benjamin Geißler (* 1743 in Holzkirchen near Lauban, date of death unknown but probably after 1813 in Liebstadt) "Rebel von Liebstadt", spokesman for the peasant uprising of 1790, author of the text "Pro Memoria" (1790)
  • Benjamin Heyne (* 1770 in Döbra, † February 6, 1819 in Vappera, British India), missionary, botanist and naturalist
  • Carl Adolf von Carlowitz (* 1771 in Großhartmannsdorf near Freiberg, † 1837 in Breslau ) owner of Kuckuckstein Castle , general under the Russian Tsar Alexander I in the fight against Napoleonic rule
  • Adolph Ferdinand Haynel (* 1797 in Döbra, † in Philadelphia) homeopath, in Leipzig successor to Samuel Hahnemann (founder of homeopathy)
  • Artur Henne (born February 13, 1887 in Dresden, † February 19, 1963 in Leibstadt), painter

literature

  • About Bad Gottleuba, Berggiesshübel and Liebstadt (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 4). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1961.
  • Eastern Ore Mountains (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 10). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1966, pp. 244-257.
  • Friends and supporters of Schloß Kuckuckstein e. V .: Liebstadt. Chronicle of what was once the smallest town in Saxony 1286–1999. Liebstadt 2002.
  • Günter Groß , Rikarda Groß : Hennersbach, Börnersdorf, Liebstadt - on the upper reaches of the Seidewitz in the Eastern Ore Mountains. Dippoldiswalde 2017
  • Alfred Meiche: Historical-topographical description of the Pirna administration. Dresden 1927.
  • Alfred Portmann: The church and parish affairs of the parish Liebstadt. Pirna 1883. ( digitized version )
  • Alfred Portmann: Liebstadt in the 19th century. Altenberg 1900. ( digitized version )
  • Albert Schiffner : Handbook of geography, statistics and topography of the Kingdom of Saxony. Volume 2. Leipzig 1840.
  • Horst Torke (no year): District of Pirna. A district and its communities introduce themselves. Dresden.
  • Richard Steche : Liebstadt. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 1. Booklet: Official Authority Pirna . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1882, p. 46.

Filmography

  • 37 degrees : Black skin - white hatred. Documentation, 30 min., A film by Gregor Bialas, production: ZDF , first broadcast: November 6, 2007, further information from ZDF.

Web links

Commons : Liebstadt  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
  • Liebstadt in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019  ( help on this ).
  2. ↑ [1]
  3. ↑ Christine Kowalski: The Augsburger State Cabinets with clock by Heinrich Eichler the Elder. Ä. (1637-1719) and his workshop. Deutscher Verlag für Kunstwissenschaft, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-87157-232-6 .
  4. ^ Augsburger Allgemeine, December 31, 2011 (accessed January 9, 2012).