Miłakowo

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Miłakowo
Miłakowo Coat of Arms
Miłakowo (Poland)
Miłakowo
Miłakowo
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Warmia-Masuria
Powiat : Ostróda
Area : 8.68  km²
Geographic location : 54 ° 1 '  N , 20 ° 4'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 0 '34 "  N , 20 ° 4' 11"  E
Residents : 2548
(June 30, 2019)
Postal code : 14-310
Telephone code : (+48) 89
License plate : NOS
Economy and Transport
Street : Ext. 528 : Orneta ↔ Morąg
Ext. 593 : Reszel - Jeziorany - Dobre Miasto → Miłakowo
Next international airport : Danzig
Gmina
Gminatype: Urban and rural municipality
Gmina structure: 29 localities
17 school authorities
Surface: 159.36 km²
Residents: 5445
(Jun. 30, 2019)
Population density : 34 inhabitants / km²
Community number  ( GUS ): 2815063
Administration (as of 2007)
Mayor : Aleksander Gawryluk
Address: ul. Olsztyńska 16
14-310 Miłakowo
Website : www.milakowo.eu



Miłakowo [ mʲiwa'kɔvɔ ] ( German Liebstadt ) is a small town in the Polish Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship .

Geographical location

The city is located in historical East Prussia on the northern foothills of the Allenstein Lake District, about 40 kilometers northwest of Allenstein ( Olsztyn ) and 70 kilometers southeast of Elblag ( Elbląg ).

The surrounding area forms a hilly landscape with elevations of 130 meters, south of the city lies the 111.9 hectare Mildensee. The river Liebe flows through the city, a tributary of the Passarge flowing into the Baltic Sea .

history

City panorama, the power station in front of the spruce grove
Elisabeth Church
Catholic Church
Koy mill with reservoir

middle Ages

The city owes its existence to the Teutonic Knight Order , who conquered the area between the Vistula and Memel from 1231 . A knight of the order is said to have been the namesake of the village of Liebstadt. According to a legend, the knight Liebenzell met a stately stag while hunting in the wooded area, which prompted him to exclaim "what a lovely place". The knight Heinrich von Liebenzell actually existed, and the founding of the town at the beginning of the 14th century is attributed to him. The old coat of arms of Liebstadt also made obvious reference to the legend: A stag looks at the cross of the order.

Many sources mention 1302 as the year the town was founded, and Liebstadt is said to have been mentioned for the first time in an unspecified document from 1314. The city privilege was probably issued between 1323 and 1329. There are traceable documents from the year 1354, when the Liebstadt Ordensburg was listed as part of the Elbing Commandery , and from 1440, when the Liebstadt town seal appeared in a federal letter. Since all documents proving the town charter were lost during the hunger war of 1414 due to Polish pillage, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, Hans von Tiefen, issued a renewed hand-held celebration in 1490 , with which town charter was confirmed.

Favorably influenced by its location on the important Elbing - Allenstein trade route and the water connection to the Baltic Sea via Liebe and Passarge , Liebstadt began expanding in the 15th century. At the foot of the Ordensburg, four streets branched off from the rectangular square with the town church, which was built in the 14th century, and the town hall. A city fortification with ramparts, moats and four gates was built. With the market rights for nine trade fairs a year, the city's position as a trading and transport center was strengthened. The order of knights set up a chamber office (financial administration) for the Elbing Commandery in Liebstadt. The existence of a school has been documented since 1409. The development was hampered again and again by city fires which, according to chronicles, broke out almost every year.

Early modern age

When the Teutonic Order was secularized in 1525 as a result of the Reformation , Liebstadt came under the rule of Prussia .

After over 1000 inhabitants died within four months from a plague epidemic in 1625, the city was also severely affected by armed conflicts from the 17th century. If in the 1st Swedish-Polish War between 1626 and 1630 there was only looting, Liebstadt was completely cremated by Swedish troops on March 20, 1659 during the 2nd Swedish-Polish War . It was only when the Prussian elector Friedrich Wilhelm drove the Swedes out in 1679 that Liebstadt was able to recover from the disasters.

In 1716 the Prussian army moved a garrison to the city. With the granting of the brewing privilege on August 18, 1750, another further development of the economy began.

19th century

After around 120 years of peaceful conditions, enemy soldiers again marched through the city in 1807. On their way to the Battle of Preussisch Eylau , the French attacked Liebstadt on February 6, 1807 and carried out a planned plunder because of an alleged treason. After the battle, Napoleon stayed in the city for two days on the way to Osterode , after which his Marshal Soult holed up in front of the city and set up a camp there. On March 6, 1807, arson, presumably carried out by French soldiers, broke out in a major fire, which killed almost the entire city. On April 20, 1807, near Liebstadt, the Prussian General Blücher was exchanged for the French Marshal Claude-Victor Perrin. In 1808 and 1809, Liebstadt's residents suffered from famine and poor harvests, and after the war damage had begun, the French soldiers on their retreat from Russia in 1812 again wreaked havoc.

With the Prussian administrative reform of 1815, Liebstadt was incorporated into the Mohrungen district and received the seat of a local court. In 1820 the construction of the new town hall began. In the years 1831 and 1848 cholera raged in the city, in 1868 there was a devastating typhus epidemic. Nevertheless, the number of inhabitants, which was less than 500 at the end of the 16th century, had increased to 2,369 in 1875. The fact that it initially had no direct rail connection was unfavorable for the city. The Thorn – Insterburg railway line, opened in 1873, passed Liebstadt 40 kilometers away, so that an important prerequisite for the settlement of industrial companies no longer existed. The branch line Wormditt - Mohrungen , which had been running via Liebstadt since August 1, 1894, did nothing to change the industrial offside.

20th century

At the beginning of the 20th century Liebstadt had a Protestant church, a Catholic church, a synagogue as well as grinding and sawmills. Only in 1911 did the city get a gasworks, the waterworks was completed after the First World War in 1920, and in 1924 the city's electrification was completed. For the resettlers from the so-called corridor , which had been lost to Poland, a new settlement was built around 1920. Liebstadt achieved a certain level of awareness through the many storks that settled there every year.

In 1945 Liebstadt belonged to the district of Mohrungen in the administrative district of Königsberg in the province of East Prussia of the German Empire .

The city center was badly damaged during the Second World War . Only the church and a few houses on the city wall have been preserved. On January 21, 1945 the evacuation of the city was ordered, and on January 23, 1945 Liebstadt was occupied by the Red Army . In the summer of 1945, Liebstadt was placed under Polish administration by the Soviet occupying power in accordance with the Potsdam Agreement, along with the southern half of East Prussia and all of West Prussia . Then the immigration of Polish migrants began. As far as the indigenous population did not flee, they were subsequently expelled .

Population development until 1945

year Residents Remarks
1782 over 1,200 without the garrison (a squadron of dragoons )
1802 1,408
1810 0710
1816 1.101 1008 Protestants, 62 Catholics and 29 Jews
1821 1,432
1831 1,665
1852 2,004
1858 2,022 1690 Protestants, 197 Catholics, one Mennonite and 134 Jews
1864 2. 270 on December 3rd
1871 2,397
1875 2,369
1880 2,441
1890 2,254 including 482 Catholics and 85 Jews
1900 2.127 mostly evangelicals
1933 2,463
1939 2,735

Ordensburg Liebstadt

Remains of Liebstadt Castle

The city owes its existence to the Teutonic Knight Order , who conquered the area between the Vistula and Memel from 1231 . A knight of the order is said to have been the namesake of the village of Liebstadt. The knight Heinrich von Liebenzell actually existed, and the founding of the town at the beginning of the 14th century is attributed to him. In 1354 the Liebstadt Ordensburg was first listed as part of the Elbing Commandery .

When the Teutonic Order was secularized in 1525 as a result of the Reformation , Liebstadt came under the rule of Prussia . City of Liebstadt was completely cremated by Swedish troops on March 20, 1659 during the 2nd Swedish-Polish War . It was only when the Prussian Elector Friedrich Wilhelm I drove the Swedes out in 1679 that the city of Liebstadt was able to recover from the disasters.

Remnants of the former castle of the Teutonic Order have been preserved on the Schlossberg above the city.

traffic

The city is located away from the main traffic routes and is connected to the neighboring cities of Morąg (Mohrungen) in the west and Dobre Miasto (Guttstadt) in the east via the road network.

The nearest train station is in Morąg, 15 kilometers away on the Olsztyn– Danzig line ( Allenstein - Danzig ).

Gmina

The following smaller towns also belong to the municipality:

Polish name German name (until 1945) Polish name German name (until 1945)
Bieniasze Banners Pityny Pit tendons
Boguchwały Reichau Pojezierce Bobanden
Gilginie Gillgehnen Polkajny Polar chords
Głodówko Karneyen Ponary Ponaria
Gudniki Gudnick Raciszewo Reichenthal
Henrykowo Gnuschkenhof Roje Royen
Kłodzin Sackstone Rożnowo Rosenau
Klugajny Clogs Sąglewo Sanglau
Książnik Herzogswalde Stare Bolity Alt Bolitten / 1928–45 Bolitten
Miejski Dwór Henriettenhof Stolno stollen
Miłakowo Liebstadt Trokajny Great Trukainen
Mysłaki Stamps Warkałki Hartwich
Naryjski Młyn Narienmühle Warkały Workallen
Niegławki Näglack Varny Warning court
Nowe Mieczysławy New Menzels Włodowo Waltersdorf
Pawełki Paulken Wojciechy Garden pool

Personalities

Historical correspondence

Field Marshal Count Helmuth von Moltke , who had acquired the manor Creisau in Silesia as a retirement home on August 1, 1867 , received a letter in early 1879 from a "villager near Liebstadt" who complained to him about the high military expenditures in the German Empire . Von Moltke replied on February 28, 1879:

“Dear Sir! Who did not share the heartfelt desire to see relieved the heavy military burdens which Germany is forced to bear because of its position in the world in the midst of its most powerful neighbors. The princes and the governments do not close themselves off to him, but happier conditions can only arise when all peoples come to the realization that every war, even the victorious one, is a national misfortune. Even the power of our emperor cannot bring about this conviction; it can only emerge from a better religious and moral education of the peoples, a fruit of centuries of historical development, which neither of us will experience. With best regards Gr. Moltke "

- Max Horst: Moltke. Life and work in personal testimonies , Leipzig 1937, p. 343.

literature

Web links

Commons : Miłakowo  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b population. Size and Structure by Territorial Division. As of June 30, 2019. Główny Urząd Statystyczny (GUS) (PDF files; 0.99 MiB), accessed December 24, 2019 .
  2. ↑ a b Meyer's Large Conversation Lexicon . 6th edition, Volume 12, Leipzig and Vienna 1908, p. 534.
  3. ^ Johann Friedrich Goldbeck : Complete topography of the Kingdom of Prussia . Part I: Topography of East Prussia . Königsberg / Leipzig 1785, pp. 23–24.
  4. ↑ a b c d Alexander August Mützell and Leopold Krug : New topographical-statistical-geographical dictionary of the Prussian state . Volume 5: T – Z , Halle 1823, pp. 322–323, item 391.
  5. ^ August Eduard Preuss : Prussian country and folklore or description of Prussia. A manual for primary school teachers in the province of Prussia, as well as for all friends of the fatherland . Bornträger Brothers, Königsberg 1835, p. 463, no. 78.
  6. ^ Kraatz: Topographical-statistical manual of the Prussian state . Berlin 1856, p. 350.
  7. ↑ Adolf Schlott: Topographical-statistical overview of the government district of Königsberg, based on official sources . Hartung, Königsberg 1861, p. 167, point 132.
  8. ↑ Prussian Ministry of Finance: The results of the property and building tax assessment in the Königsberg administrative district : Berlin 1966, Mohrungen district, p. 10, item 99.
  9. ^ Gustav Neumann: Geography of the Prussian State . 2nd edition, Volume 2, Berlin 1874, pp. 21-22, item 17.
  10. ↑ a b c d e Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the Reich in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. mohrungen.html # ew33mohrliebstad. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).